Ergonomics - 1
Ergonomics - 1
Ergonomics - 1
Introduction to
ERGONOMICS
TRAINER NAME
Position
Company
Phone Number
Email Address
Objectives
Given the information and exercises in this workshop, you will be able
to:
Introductions
On your own...
Indirect Costs
Uninsured
Out of pocket
Factors that Influence ergonomics
The
Worker
size strength
weight intellect
fitness education
range of motion expectations
What are work (job/task) characteristics
that may be important considerations for
manual material handling?
noise temperature
lighting humidity
vibration
atmosphere
Work Risk Factors
posture duration
force/grip repetition
location frequency
speed exertion
Work Risk Factors
Lifting/Lowering
Pushing/Pulling
Twisting
Carrying
Holding
True Confessions
What happens?
The Arm-Lever Equation
Effort (E) Load (L)
Effort Distance (DE) Load Distance (DL)
2 inches
DE = _____ 22 inches
DL = _____
600 lbs.
E+L _____
50 lbs.
L ____
550lbs.
E ____
E x DE = L x DL
E/L = DL/DE
The following diagrams show the sources of force on L5 / S1 disc. It does
not address the impact of added forces during twist/bend lifting and
backward bending situations.
B
Keep The Weight Close To The Body
The Diagonal Lift
Remember, it’s not how much you lift, but the technique you
use. Remember the four general lifting rules:
* When turning, do not twist. Turn with the feet rather than
twisting of the trunk.
Body Mechanics
Keep Back Arched When Lifting Plan Ahead, Test The Load
Keep Head and Shoulders Up Before Lifting.
13
Weight 12
Lifted
11
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency of Lifts (lifts/minute)
Effective Use of Muscles
• Frequency of lift.
• Duration of lift.
NIOSH guidelines apply to loads which are
symmetrically balanced in front of the body.
(lb.) (Kg)
150 Hazardous
Lifting
60
Conditions
WEIGHT LIFTED
100
40 Functional Reach
Limit
Maximum
Permissible
50 Administrative Limit
20 Controls
Required
Action
Limit
Acceptable Lifting Conditions
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 (cm)
0 10 20 30 (in.)
HORIZONTAL LOCATION OF LOAD
Safe Lifting Guidelines
Develop at least five rules for safe lifting.
physical
1. Do not exceed the __________________ ability of the
worker doing the lifting.
recovery time for tasks that
2. Provide adequate ____________
require frequent lifting.
front
3. Provide easy access so the load is in ____________
of the person lifting.
twisting
4. Eliminate _____________ by changing the start or
end point of the lift.
knee
5. Put items to be lifted between ______________ and
shoulder
_______________ height.
Materials handling guidelines
Level 1. Sedentary
Level 2. Low Activity
Level 3. Active
Level 4. Very Active
4. Injury Management: