ART PPRECIATION

Art appreciation refers to the exploration and analysis of the art forms that we are
exposed to. It involves a deeper look into the setting and historical implication and
background of the piece, a study of its origins. It is a good way to understand the
history behind the work, and the period from which the piece originated. It also helps
open up the mindset of the people, by listening to different perspective es and views
as well as interpretations of the art, it encourages thoughtful conversation and the
understanding that there is more than one approach to everything.

It is important to foster art appreciation and analysis, as it helps us value the art in
how it appeals to us and what it means to each person. It delves into the history and
the story behind the art, as well as a look into the lives of the artists. It enables one to
critically analyze a work, along lines of design, mastery and techniques. Most
importantly, however, art appreciation stimulates though and analysis, provokes an
individual to look past what meets the eye and open our mind to the views of others.
( The author is Narendra Desirazu, Director of Jennard Galleries, that hosts art
appreciation programs for students.)

Art appreciation is an understanding of the qualities that identify all great art. It
involves having a knowledge of art movements, art history, and art styles or
techniques.
(Teresa Bernard, fine artist of oil painting)

What is Art History?

 Art History is the study of human expression – visual, but also tactile, spatial
and sometimes aural – through history. Art Historians develop ways to translate
from the visual to the verbal, through analysis and interpretation, using a number
of different approaches and methodologies. 
 It is the study of objects of art considered within their time period. Art historians
analyze visual arts meaning (painting, sculpture, architecture) at a time they were
created. Also, it is to establish authorial origins of artworks (who created a
particular artwork, when, where and for what reason.
Iconography is a major part of art history. It consists in analyzing the symbolism of
works of arts.

 Art history, also called art historiography, historical study of the visual arts,

being concerned with identifying, classifying, describing, evaluating, interpreting,
and understanding the art products and historic development of the fields
of painting, sculpture, architecture, the decorative
arts, drawing, printmaking, photography, interior design, etc.

TIMELINE OF ART HISTORY

Prehistoric Art (~40,000–4,000 B.C.)

The origins of art history can be traced back to the Prehistoric era, before written
records were kept. The earliest artifacts come from the Paleolithic era, or the Old
Stone Age, in the form of rock carvings, engravings, pictorial imagery, sculptures,
and stone arrangements.

Art from this period relied on the use of natural pigments and stone carvings to create
representations of objects, animals, and rituals that governed a civilization’s
existence. One of the most famous examples is that of the Paleolithic cave paintings
found in the complex caves of Lascaux in France. Though discovered in 1940, they’re
estimated to be up to 20,000 years old and depict large animals and vegetation from
the area.

Ancient Art (4,000 B.C.–A.D. 400)

Unknown, Code of Hammurabi, circa 1792 and circa 1750 B.C. Image via Wikimedia
Commons.

Ancient art was produced by advanced civilizations, which in this case refers to those
with an established written language. These civilizations included
Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and those of the Americas.

The medium of a work of art from this period varies depending on the civilization that
produced it, but most art served similar purposes: to tell stories, decorate utilitarian
objects like bowls and weapons, display religious and symbolic imagery, and
demonstrate social status. Many works depict stories of rulers, gods, and goddesses.

One of the most famous works from ancient Mesopotamia is the Code of Hammurabi.
Created around 1792 B.C., the piece bears a Babylonian set of laws carved in stone,
adorned by an image of King Hammurabi—the sixth King of Babylonia—and the
Mesopotamian god, Shabash.
Medieval Art (500–1400)

Simone Martini. Sold for $4,114,500 via Sotheby’s (January 2012).

The Middle Ages, often referred to as the “Dark Ages,” marked a period of economic
and cultural deterioration following the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. Much
of the artwork produced in the early years of the period reflects that darkness,
characterized by grotesque imagery and brutal scenery. Art produced during this time
was centered around the Church. As the first millennium passed, more sophisticated
and elaborately decorated churches emerged; windows and silhouettes were adorned
with biblical subjects and scenes from classical mythology.

This period was also responsible for the emergence of the illuminated

manuscript and Gothic architecture style. Definitive examples of influential art from
this period include the catacombs in Rome, Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, the Lindisfarne
Gospels, one of the best-known examples of the illuminated manuscript, and Notre
Dame, a Parisian cathedral and prominent example of Gothic architecture.
Renaissance Art (1400–1600)

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbin, The School of Athens, 1511. Image via Wikimedia

Commons.

This style of painting, sculpture, and decorative art was characterized by a focus on

nature and individualism, the thought of man as independent and self-reliant. Though
these ideals were present in the late Medieval period, they flourished in the 15th and
16th centuries, paralleling social and economic changes like secularization.

The Renaissance reached its height in Florence, Italy, due in large part to the Medici,
a wealthy merchant family who adamantly supported the arts and humanism, a variety
of beliefs and philosophies that places emphasis on the human realm. Italian
designer Filippo Brunelleschi and sculptor Donatello were key innovators during this
period.

The High Renaissance, which lasted from 1490 to 1527, produced influential artists
such as da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael, each of whom brought creative power
and spearheaded ideals of emotional expression. Artwork throughout the Renaissance
was characterized by realism, attention to detail, and precise study of human anatomy.
Artists used linear perspective and created depth through intense lighting and shading.
Art began to change stylistically shortly after the High Renaissance, when clashes
between the Christian faith and humanism gave way to Mannerism.
Mannerism (1527–1580)

Follower of Giorgio Vasari, The Holy Family, 17th century. Offered for €6,000 –
8,000 via Artcurial (May 2010).

Mannerist artists emerged from the ideals of Michelangelo, Raphael, and other Late
Renaissance artists, but their focus on style and technique outweighed the meaning
of the subject matter. Often, figures had graceful, elongated limbs, small heads,
stylized features and exaggerated details. This yielded more complex, stylized
compositions rather than relying on the classical ideals of harmonious composition
and linear perspective used by their Renaissance predecessors.

Some of the most celebrated Mannerist artists include Giorgio Vasari, Francesco

Salviati, Domenico Beccafumi, and Bronzino, who is widely considered to be the
most important Mannerist painter in Florence during his time.
Baroque (1600–1750)

Caravaggio, The Calling of Saint Matthew, circa 1599-1600. Image via Wikimedia

Commons.

The Baroque period that followed Mannerism yielded ornate, over-the-top visual arts

and architecture. It was characterized by grandeur and richness, punctuated by an
interest in broadening human intellect and global discovery. Baroque artists were
stylistically complex.

Baroque paintings were characterized by drama, as seen in the iconic works of Italian
painter Caravaggio and Dutch painter Rembrandt. Painters used an intense contrast
between light and dark and had energetic compositions matched by rich color palettes.

Rococo (1699–1780)
Antoine Watteau, The Embarkation for Cythera 1717. Image via Wikimedia
Commons.

Rococo originated in Paris, encompassing decorative art, painting, architecture, and

sculpture. The aesthetic offered a softer style of decorative art compared to Baroque’s
exuberance. Rococo is characterized by lightness and elegance, focusing on the use of
natural forms, asymmetrical design, and subtle colors.

Painters like Antoine Watteau and Francois Boucher used lighthearted treatments,
rich brushwork, and fresh colors. The Rococo style also easily translated to
silver, porcelain, and French furniture. Many chairs and armoires featured curving
forms, floral designs, and an expressive use of gilt.

Neoclassicism (1750–1850)

Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon Crossing the Alps, 1801. Image via Wikimedia

Commons.

As its name suggests, the Neoclassical period drew upon elements from classical
antiquity. Archaeological ruins of ancient civilizations in Athens and Naples that were
discovered at the time reignited a passion for all things past, and artists strove to
recreate the great works of ancient art. This translated to a renewed interest in
classical ideals of harmony, simplicity, and proportion.

Neoclassical artists were influenced by classical elements; in particular, a focus on

idealism. Inevitably, they also included modern, historically relevant depictions in
their works. For example, Italian sculptor Antonio Canova drew upon classical
elements in his marble sculptures, but avoided the cold artificiality that was
represented in many of these early creations.

Romanticism (1780–1850)

William Blake, The Descent of Man into the Vale of Death. Sold for $225,000
via Sotheby’s (January 2016).

Romanticism embodies a broad range of disciplines, from painting to music to

literature. The ideals present in each of these art forms reject order, harmony, and
rationality, which were embraced in both classical art and Neoclassicism. Instead,
Romantic artists emphasized the individual and imagination. Another defining
Romantic ideal was an appreciation for nature, with many turning to plein
air painting, which brought artists out of dark interiors and enabled them to paint
outside. Artists also focused on passion, emotion, and sensation over intellect and
reason.

Prominent Romantic painters include Henry Fuseli, who created strange, macabre

paintings that explored the dark recesses of human psychology, and William Blake,
whose mysterious poems and images conveyed mystical visions and his
disappointment in societal constraints.
Realism (1848–1900)
Jean-François Millet, The Gleaners, 1857. Image via Wikimedia Commons.

Arguably the first modern art movement, Realism, began in France in the 1840s.
Realism was a result of multiple events: the anti-Romantic movement in Germany,
the rise of journalism, and the advent of photography. Each inspired new interest in
accurately capturing everyday life. This attention to accuracy is evident in art
produced during the movement, which featured detailed, life-like depictions of subject
matter.

One of the most influential leaders of the Realist movement is Gustave Courbet, a
French artist committed to painting only what he could physically see.

Art Nouveau (1890–1910)

Alphonse Mucha, Princess Hyazinthe, 1911. Image via Wikimedia Commons.

Art Nouveau, which translates to “New Art,” attempted to create an entirely authentic
movement free from any imitation of styles that preceded it. This movement heavily
influenced applied arts, graphics, and illustration. It focused on the natural world,
characterized by long, sinuous lines and curves.

Influential Art Nouveau artists worked in a variety of media, including architecture,

graphic and interior design, jewelry-making, and painting. Czechoslovakian graphic
designer Alphonse Mucha is best-known for his theatrical posters of French actress
Sarah Bernhardt. Spanish architect and sculptor Antoni Gaudi went beyond focusing
on lines to create curving, brightly-colored constructions like that of the Basilica de la
Sagrada Familia in Barcelona.

Impressionism (1865–1885)
Claude Monet, Impression, Sunrise, 1872. Image via Wikimedia Commons.

Impressionist painters sought to capture the immediate impression of a particular

moment. This was characterized by short, quick brushstrokes and an unfinished,
sketch-like feel. Impressionist artists used modern life as their subject matter, painting
situations like dance halls and sailboat regattas rather than historical and mythological
events.

Claude Monet, a French artist who spearheaded the idea of expressing one’s
perceptions before nature, is virtually synonymous with the Impressionist movement.
His notable works include The Water Lily Pond (1899), Woman with a
Parasol (1875), and Impression, Sunrise (1872), from which the name of the
movement itself is derived.

Post-Impressionism (1885–1910)
George Seurat, A Sunday on the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1884. Image
via Wikimedia Commons

Post-Impressionist painters worked independently rather than as a group, but each

influential Post-Impressionist painter had similar ideals. They concentrated on
subjective visions and symbolic, personal meanings rather than observations of the
outside world. This was often achieved through abstract forms.

Post-Impressionist painters include Georges Seurat, noted for

his pointillism technique that used small, distinct dots to form an image. Vincent van
Gogh is also considered a Post-Impressionist painter, searching for personal
expression through his art, often through rugged brushstrokes and dark tones.

Fauvism (1900–1935)
Henri Matisse, Woman With a Hat, 1905. Image via Wikimedia Commons.

Led by Henri Matisse, Fauvism built upon examples from Vincent van Gogh
and George Seurat. As the first avant-garde, 20th-century movement, this style was
characterized by expressive use of intense color, line, and brushwork, a bold sense of
surface design, and flat composition.

As seen in many of the works of Matisse himself, the separation of color from its
descriptive, representational purpose was one of the core elements that shaped this
movement. Fauvism was an important precursor of Cubism and Expressionism.

Expressionism (1905–1920)
Edvard Munch, The Dance of Life, 1899. Image via Wikimedia Commons.

Expressionism emerged as a response to increasingly conflicted world views and the

loss of spirituality. Expressionist art sought to draw from within the artist, using a
distortion of form and strong colors to display anxieties and raw emotions.
Expressionist painters, in a quest for authenticity, looked for inspiration beyond that
of Western art and frequented ethnographic museums to revisit native folk traditions
and tribal art.

The roots of Expressionism can be traced to Vincent van Gogh, Edvard Munch,

and James Ensor. Prominent groups including Die Brücke (The Bridge) and Der
Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) formed so artists could publish works and express their
ideals collectively.

Cubism (1907–1914)
Violin and Palette, Georges Braque, 1909. Image via Wikimedia Commons.
Cubism was established by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, who rejected the
concept that art should copy nature. They moved away from traditional techniques
and perspectives; instead, they created radically fragmented objects
through abstraction. Many Cubist painters’ works are marked by flat, two-
dimensional surfaces, geometric forms or “cubes” of objects, and multiple vantage
points. Often, their subjects weren’t even discernible.

Surrealism (1916–1950)
René Magritte, The Son of Man, 1964. Image via Wikipedia.

Surrealism emerged from the Dada art movement in 1916, showcasing works of art

that defied reason. Surrealists denounced the rationalist mindset. They blamed this
thought process on events like World War I and believed it to repress imaginative
thoughts. Surrealists were influenced by Karl Marx and theories developed by
Sigmund Freud, who explored psychoanalysis and the power of imagination.

Influential Surrealist artists like Salvador Dalí tapped into the unconscious mind to

depict revelations found on the street and in everyday life. Dalí’s paintings in
particular pair vivid and bizarre dreams with historical accuracy.

Abstract Expressionism (1940s–1950s)

Shaped by the legacy of Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism emerged in New York

after WWII. It’s often referred to as the New York School or action painting. These
painters and abstract sculptors broke away from what was considered conventional,
and instead used spontaneity and improvisation to create abstract works of art. This
included colossally-scaled works whose size could no longer be accommodated by an
easel. Instead, canvases would be placed directly upon the floor.

Celebrated Abstract Expressionist painters include Jackson Pollock, known for his

unique style of drip painting, and Mark Rothko, whose paintings employed large
blocks of color to convey a sense of spirituality.

Op Art (1950s–1960s)

Heightened by advances in science and technology as well as an interest in optical

effects and illusions, the Op art (short for “optical” art) movement launched with Le
Mouvement, a group exhibition at Galerie Denise Rene in 1955. Artists active in this
style used shapes, colors, and patterns to create images that appeared to be moving or
blurring, often produced in black and white for maximum contrast. These abstract
patterns were meant to both confuse and excite the eye.

English artist Bridget Riley is one of the most prominent Op Art practitioners. Her
1964 artwork Blaze features zigzag black and white lines that create the illusion of a
circular decent.

Pop Art (1950s–1960s)

Lot 16: Andy Warhol. Sold for $17,327,500 via Sotheby’s (May 1998).

Pop art is one of the most recognizable artistic developments of the 20th century. The
movement transitioned away from methods used in Abstract Expressionism, and
instead used everyday, mundane objects to create innovative works of art that
challenged consumerism and mass media. This introduction to identifiable imagery
was a shift from the direction of modernism.

Pop artists like Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein sought to establish the idea that art
can draw from any source and there is no hierarchy of culture to disrupt that. Perhaps
the most famous pop culture work of art is Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup
Cans production.

Arte Povera (1960s)

Translating literally to “poor art,” Arte Povera challenged modernist, contemporary

systems by infusing commonplace materials into creations. Artists used soil, rocks,
paper, rope, and other earthen elements to evoke a pre-industrial sentiment. As a
result, many of the notable works during this movement are sculptural.

Italian artist Mario Merz, in conjunction with other Italian artists such as Giovanni
Anselmo and Alighiero Boetti, created anti-elitist works by drawing upon materials
from everyday life. His 1968 Giap’s Igloo, one of what would soon become his
signature series of igloos, focused on his occupations with the necessities of life:
shelter, warmth, and food.

Minimalism (1960s–1970s)

The Minimalist movement emerged in New York as a group of younger artists began
to question the overly expressive works of Abstract Expressionist artists. Minimalist
art instead focused on anonymity, calling attention to the materiality of works. Artists
urged viewers to focus on precisely what was in front of them, rather than draw
parallels to outside realities and emotive thoughts through the use of purified forms,
order, simplicity, and harmony.

American artist Frank Stella was of the earliest adopters of Minimalism, producing

nonrepresentational paintings, as seen in his Black Paintings completed between 1958
and 1960. Each features a pattern of rectilinear stripes of uniform width printed in
metallic black ink.

Conceptual Art (1960s–1970s)

Conceptual art completely rejected previous art movements, and artists prized ideas
over visual components, creating art in the from of performances, ephemera, and
other forms. Polish performance artist Ewa Partum’s Active Poetry consisted of her
scattering single alphabet letters across various landscapes. American artist Joseph
Kosuth explored the production and role of language within art, as seen in his
1965, One and Three Chairs. In it, he represents one chair in three different ways to
represent different meanings of the same object. Because this type of art focused on
ideas and concepts, there was no distinct style or form.

Contemporary Art (1970–present)

 The 1970s marked the beginning of contemporary art, which extends through present
day. This period is dominated by various schools and smaller movements that
emerged.

 Postmodernism: In reaction against modernism, artists created works that reflected

skepticism, irony, and philosophical critiques.
 Feminist art: This movement arose in an attempt to transform stereotypes and
break the model of a male-dominated art history.
 Neo Expressionism: Artists sought to revive original aspects of Expressionism and
create highly textural, expressive, large works.
 Street art: Artists such as Keith Haring, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Barry McGee,
Banksy, and more created graffiti-like art on surfaces in public places like
sidewalks, buildings, and overpasses.
 The Pictures Generation: Artists Cindy Sherman, Louise Lawler, Gary Simmons,
and others who were influenced by Conceptual and Pop art experimented with
recognizable imagery to explore images shaped our perceptions of the world.
 Appropriation art: This movement focused on the use of images in art with little
transformation from their original form.
 Young British Artists (YBA): This group of London artists were notorious for
their willingness to shock audiences through their imagery, and a willingness to
push beyond limits of decency. They’re also known for their zestful, entrepreneurial
spirit.
 Digital art: The advent of the camera lent way to this artistic practice that allowed
artists to use the infusion of art and technology to create with mediums like
computers, audio and visual software, sound, and pixels.

IMPORTANCE OF ART HISTORY

Art both reflects and helps to create a culture’s vision of itself. Studying the art of
the past teaches us how people have seen themselves and their world, and how they
want to show this to others.

Art history provides a means by which we can understand our human past and its
relationship to our present, because the act of making art is one of humanity’s most
ubiquitous activities.

Art History is an organized profession that deals with the artistic and scientific study
of the historical development of artworks. It incorporates the stylistic and contextual
analysis of exquisite objects of a different era, probing into the why, how, when, who,
and context of the artwork.

1. Preservation Of Culture

Art is almost as old as man. Art History is a feasible means of preserving the cultural
heritage of any country or people, as culture is dynamic and progressive with time, so
also is art history. Art history is a more prominent way of preserving historical events
and making our past last even with the changes that go with modernization and
civilization, and studying the history of art is a great reflection to understand these
events.

2. Academic Purposes And Benefits

Art History as professional studies is an excellent plus for building the world
knowledge bank and organization of learning material, especially in the field of
humanities.

Art primarily refers to the expression of thoughts, intuitions, urges, and

emotions.The course will enlighten you about your surroundings, and all piece of
artwork tells a story.

3. Shows Societal trends and Historic timelines

Art History promotes our understanding of the changes in our societies and reminds
us of import and strategic events in the past, it outlines the sociocultural and religious
evolutions through the interpretation of artworks like painting, architectural edifices,
etc.
Art is essential as a means to affirm such history and give us additional insight
into the happenings at the time.
Art, therefore, provides us with an entirely distinct perspective on history.

4. Interaction With Nature In A Tangible Manner

Art History is an exciting profession that would allow those who ventured into it the
opportunity to interact and appreciate nature as some of this work of art are
recollected from a natural state of mind.
For instance, when considering a teapot, religious building painting, ornaments,
museum plan, or even listening to classical songs, as an artist, you have to note that
there is a historical and cultural perspective behind them. An art historian will
research and analyze this and become more aware of them.

5. It’s A Means Of National And International Integration

Art History is a field that incorporates other fields like politics, anthropology,
humanity, literature, liberality, aesthetics, sociology, economics, etc.
It provides a platform for studying local and foreign cultural, political, and economic
trends and milestones as well as historical relationships, which may promote national
and international unity.
10 Reasons Why Art History matters

NOVEMBER 14, 2017

by María Magdalena Ziegler 

1. Art History brings you closer to the footprint of humankind along history, because
it’s the story of us and our superpower to create. (BOOK OF KELLS, 9TH
CENTURY)

2. Art History helps you wipe your fears of the unknown. (Coatlicue, the mother deity
of all gods of the Aztecs, between 1300 and 1500.)

3. Art History introduces you to cultural diversity

4. Art Historytrains you to deal and manage oodles of images in little time (Art
History gives us the tools to process, classify, organize and understand the world
of images around us.)

5. Art History teaches you to cope with uncertainty, despair and sorrow (Since every
artwork is a reality in itself, every time we look at a painting we are looking at a
vision of the most inner monsters of every human being. Looking at them in a
sculpture or a painting (as Munch’s The Scream), helps us understand the difficulties
of our lives. To overcome what you understand is easier than trying to overcome
what you do not.)

6. Art Historyallows you to connect with feelings you never knew you could have (If
Art History teaches to cope with uncertainty, despair and sorrow, it certainly allows
us to connect with feelings you thought were out of your scope.)

7. Art Historyreminds you how very human you are (If you think artists are
superheroes, then you have been wrong all this time. Artists are human beings like
you and me)

8. Art Historyteaches you how to solve problems as artists have done (Creativity and
innovation solved the problem of sheltering hundreds of stands coming from all over
the world to show a wide variation of products through the arts. Art History
introduces us to this and other challenges in order to develop our skills to solve the
most troublesome problems in any sphere.)

9. Art Historyboosts your imagination (Art history boosts our imagination, helping us
conceive the impossible and make it real… or at least, closer)

10. Art History has Michelangelo

January 20, 2012
Kristen, TAG Member

We also can compare artwork, which provides different perspectives, and gives us a
well-rounded way of looking at events, situations, and people. By analyzing artworks
from the past and looking at their details, we can rewind time and experience what a
time period different from our own was like.

Looking at art from the past contributes to who we are as people. By looking at what
has been done before, we gather knowledge and inspiration that contribute to how we
speak, feel, and view the world around us.

Cindy Kaplan
(former Worked 10 years as an Art Gallery Curator)

Think of art as a mirror or society and life. It captures the essence and importance of
things. Sort of the story behind the story, if you will.

Artists were historians. If a battle was lost or won, a king was crowned, a ship sank,
the artist painted the picture to tell the story. Like a reporting of a very important
event. Often the painting would be sent out for exhibit and there they would tell the
tale to other parts of the world.

Also art history is filled with amazing stories about the world greatest and most
creative people who brought us the treasures that are housed in out museums. Their
lives are rich with detail.

To add interest there are stages of art history which reflect our discoveries and our
advancement in new technologies.

If we don't care about the art, I suppose we don't care about the history.

PRELIM ACTIVITY #1 (A1)

Say it with art!

Using the link below, watch the video and answer the questions. (5 points per item)

RUBRICS
Clarity of idea/arguments 3
Organization of thoughts/supporting evidence/documents presented 2
______
5
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwBoP-zw17A

1. What makes art a story or part of history?

2. Base on the video, what do you think is the best artwork? Why?
3. How can you consider something as an art? Site an example
4. How can art be used as an expression of one’s self?

https://languages.oup.com/google-dictionary-en/

https://www.britannica.com/art/visual-arts

https://www.educationworld.in/the-importance-of-art-appreciation/#:~:text=Art%20appreciation%2C
%20however%2C%20refers%20to,mastery%20displayed%20in%20the%20piece.

http://teresabernardart.com/what-is-art-appreciation/

https://carleton.ca/aah/about/whatis/

https://www.iesa.edu/paris/news-events/art-history

https://www.britannica.com/art/art-history

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwBoP-zw17A

https://www.invaluable.com/blog/art-history-timeline/

http://www.bristol.ac.uk/arthistory/study/undergraduate/why-study-art/#:~:text=Studying%20the%20art%20of
%20the,of%20humanity's%20most%20ubiquitous%20activities.

https://www.iesa.edu/paris/news-events/why-study-art-history

https://arsmomentum.wordpress.com/2017/11/14/10-reasons-why-art-history-matters/

https://www.metmuseum.org/blogs/teen-blog/renaissance-portrait/blog/studying-art-from-the-past

https://www.quora.com/Why-is-art-history-important

https://www.theartist.me/art/why-study-art-history/