INTRODUCTION TO ART AND DESIGN

DEFINITIONS
Art
Art and Design is a very important subject, the role of which in our lives cannot be doubted. We
live surrounded by it; all structures from a simple chair to a complicated building arise out of
design. It is indispensable.
Art can be thought of as the ability of an individual to express his/her inner feelings for one’s
own personal satisfaction and to some extent even for those around him/her. This task of
discovering and developing ones inner self can be enhanced not only through inspiration of what
we see, feel, hear, touch and taste built also through everyday exercise of our creative nature.
Can you identify some of these inner feelings that an individual can express? Such inner
feelings as joy, happiness, sadness, expectation, rejection, anticipation, or correction of a
situation etc. are part of humanity and are expressed most profoundly only in the arts.
How can an individual express these inner feelings? They can be expressed in music, drawing
or painting pictures through symbols, signs, logos, making of ceramics, sculptures or crafts etc.
Design
Design is the art of planning, creating and arranging in an artistic way or manner of some of the
elements of art and Design, for one’s personal satisfaction and for the satisfaction of those
around him.
HISTORY OF ART
Art has been with mankind since time immemorial. The two cannot be entirely separated because
art is a human activity, and is the artist is an inviolable part of the art s/he creates. Whatever man
does, involves one form of art or another.
In Africa, some of these are the Bushmen, Pygmies, and Hottentots, etc, who are famous
because of their rock-paintings. The Egyptians are renowned for their type of writing and
marvellous structures such as the Pyramids and Sphinxes. I’m sure you have also been able to
identify individuals from your community, your province or your nation who are also well
known for their artistic creations.
What are some of the different ways in which Art has been preserved to the present time?
Art has been preserved through:
 Songs
 Dances
 Costumes/Attire
 Culture

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 Art greatly assists in exposing and expressing one’s inner self, and for the most part this self-
expression is goal oriented. This can in the form of drawing pictures or doing crafts. For
example, children are very good at self-expression when it comes to playing with wires and clay.
Art can also have a medicinal value, as a therapy in people who have physical or emotional
problems. For example, arthritis patients are encouraged to mould items out of clay so as to
exercise the affected body parts. Similarly, victims of abuse can find it helpful to explore their
trauma and recovery through art.

THE IMPORTANCE OF ART

Some of the reasons are:
Self-exploration: Art helps one to identify one`s strengths and weaknesses in the study area, as
one encounters new challenges in the testing and using of both new and known materials and
tools. For example, using paints, brushes, clay, plasticine, etc.
Self-expression: Self expression is enhanced in the learner through the interest in creativity that
already exists, has been acquired, is developing and is being further promoted with the sole aim
of creating a new artistic item. For example, children use their power of creativity,
inquisitiveness and manipulation to come up with new ideas or products that are different from
the original. The uniqueness of the creation is an expression of that of its creator.
Manipulation: One`s psychomotor skills develop further in the realization of one`s thoughts or
ideas of the preparation of an art item, thus improving coordination.
Holistic nature: Art brings out or manifests in a learner knowledge and skills both consciously
and unconsciously, resulting in the development of the whole being.
Knowledge and skills: Through Art the learner acquires knowledge and skills which are both
cardinal ingredients for all round human development.
Creativity: Last but not least, Art develops in one the ability to create new things and come up
with totally new ideas in one`s daily life.
THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
Art plays very important roles in our societies.
i. Income generating: In some communities, art is used as a source of income. Men and
women make many different items of art which they later sale to earn money. These can be mats,
stools, baskets, chairs, pictures etc. It is a very important life-skill in our communities.
ii. Identification: Art identifies a person, a people, clan, or tribe, etc, distinguishing them
from the rest. This is made possible through the costumes or attire, body-markings e.g. tattoos
bangles, dress, and rings and so on, that an individual or group of people are wearing. An
example would be the Likishi or Nyau masks.
iii. Preservation of culture, traditions and customs:

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 Culture, traditions and customs can be preserved through love, care, repair and proper storage of
art works which are of historical value to the community. These can be masks, stools, so on and
so forth. These artifacts are part of what serves to distinguish one`s culture from that of
neighbouring people`s
iv. Entertainment:
This may entail visiting museums, exhibition and displays and various places of historical value
for entertainment and acquisition of knowledge.
v. Decoration:
Mankind decorates or beautifies his/her body, home and the environment or surrounding in
general personal satisfaction. These decorations can be pictures, flowers, body markings, etc.
vi. Art is used a lot today in advertising on radio, television, newspapers, journals etc in the
form of posters, logos, cartoons, pictures, packaging or branding, rtc.
vii. This also serves as a means of communication. Through advertising different messages
are communicated and passed over to people.
viii. Art assists in refreshing both the mind and the body of an individual through planned and
unplanned activities in situations of recreation or pastime.
CATEGORIES OF ART
i. Ceramics is the art of using clay to make useable or decorative are items for the home or
office. These clay pieces can be in the form of pots, plates, cups, mugs, tiles, etc.
ii. Sculpture is the art of making non-useable, but decorative or symbolic items of historical
value from either clay, marble, cement, wood, stone, Plaster of Paris (POP), scrap metal etc.
These can be large or smaller than life size. The large ones are usually erected outside in the
open.
A person who makes sculptures is known as a sculptor.
iii. Pictorial is the art of drawing or painting pictures on a flat surface- like paper, cloth,
wall, etc. – using paint, inks, pencils, pens, crayons, charcoal, etc.
The pictures that are drawn or painted in our books all fall under Pictorial art.
iv. Printing on the hand, is the art of producing and transferring a design commonly known
as a motif onto a surface like cloth, paper, wall, etc. using paints, ink, dyes and so on. All the
clothes that we wear are printed in different, Often beautiful colours and patterns.
v. Crafts Last but least we have Craft. Crafts is the Art of making useable or non-useable,
decorative and symbolic art items from natural or artificial materials using simple hand tools, etc.
The items made can be mats, baskets, stools, pictures from cut-out papers that are stuck using
glue or folded and so on.

1. State the three areas of study in art?

i. Visual Arts
This is creative art whose products are to be appreciated by sight, such as painting, crafts,
drawing and design.

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 ii. Performing Arts
it is the form of art in which artists use their voices or bodies to convey their artistic expression
usually from a live audience such as drama, dance music and comedy. They may also be
performed for video recording and artists may become participants. This includes dances, music,
drama and theatre.

iii. literary arts

art which draws inspiration and subject matter from literary text where there is emphasis on the
story than anything else. This includes poetry, novels and stories writing respectively.

2. Demonstrate an understanding of visual art?

i. Fine Arts
Its art created primarily for aesthetic reasons and not for practical or commercial purposes.
Examples include drawing, painting, sculpture, ceramics and design crafts etc. this type of art is
usually done for communication purposes and to express an artist’s feelings or ideas.
Note: aesthetic is concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.

ii. Crafts
These are artworks made skillfully by hand for functional purposes. E.g. Clay pots for storing
water. Crafts include weaving, fabric design, ceramics, jewelry making and so forth.
iii.Design
This is the activity or process of planning, organizing and arranging the elements in a work of
art.

3. Importance of visual art

i. It provides quality art education for all students.

ii. It is used to express ourselves and to speak to others across time and place.
iii. It is used for communication since it is the universal language human beings can
understand
iv. It promotes creative thinking or creativity.
4. Define Elements of art and design
The elements of art are the "building blocks" of art. This is the vocabulary we use to describe
works of art. These elements of art are like the pieces are put together that the puzzle. One piece
means nothing when it is this harmonious application of these elements that can positively bring
out a work of Art.
5. State and define the visual elements of art and design?
The Elements of Art and Design are: Line, Shape, Texture, Value, Colour, Form, Tone and
Space.

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 i. Line: it is a continuous mark made on a surface with a moving point.
Characteristics of a line
They are different types of lines for example:
Short, Long, Vertical, Diagonal, Zig-Zag, Criss-Cross, Curved, Coiled, Wavy, Thin, Thick,
Straight, Irregular,
Parallel, Horizontal,
Spiral etc., as shown below.

ii. Shape: This is an area with a well-defined boundary. Or it is an area enclosed by lines,
texture, or colour.
6. They are two types of shapes
i. organic shapes /free form shapes/irregular. these are natural shapes. E.g. stones

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 ii. Geometric shapes/ regulas shapes/ especially man made objects. E.g. table

a. Pyramid

iii. Space
Space is an area within, around, between, above or below objects and shapes. Space or distance
may be suggested in visual art by using perspective or other strategies such as placement of
objects on the picture plane, overlapping of shapes, or objects closer to the viewer are made to
appear to have more vibrant color and detail than objects further away. Variation of size or value
and the use of converging lines are also used to suggest space. Negative space is the space
surrounding the object or structure.

7. What is Texture

is the smoothness and the roughness of an object. It can also be defined as the surface quality or
feel of an object.

Types of texture

i. Tactile texture

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Is the actual three-dimension feel of a surface which is experienced by touching.It is the actual
feel of a surface.
ii. Visual texture
This is the texture which is experienced visually in paintings and drawings. It can only be
interpreted by sight. For example by sight we can tell the skin of a crocodile is rough.

iii. Value
The lightness or darkness of an object. The degree of lightness or darkness. The effect of light
and shade in a picture. Value vocabulary includes tint (adding white to make something lighter),
shade (adding black to make something darker) and hue (the true colour). Shadow, highlight, and
light source are also some vocabulary words to consider with this element of art.

iv. Form
A three-dimensional object with the qualities of length, width and depth.Examples of geometric
forms includea cone, pyramid, cube, sphere, orcylinder

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8. Identify shading techniques

a) Smudging
It is a technique in which a finger or tissue is rubbed over the drawing to create tones of different
value. Its effect is similar to that of blending.

b) Hatching
It is a technique of shading in which a series of fine parallel lines are drawn at about 45 degrees
to the outline in order to fill an area or emphasize a surface. Artists use different spacing and
strength of line to create various effects.

c) Cross-Hatching
It is shading technique in which two or more intersecting sets of parallel lines are drawn. Parallel
lines drawn close together and crossed at an angle with other parallel lines to create shading
effects on drawing or points.

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Note: The closer or nearer the lines are to each other, the darker the tone. And the distance the
lines are from each other the lighter the tones become.
d). Doodling is also one of the shading techniques. Doodling allows the artist to use a mass of
uncontrolled or irregular lines to show the tone. The closer the Doodles are, the darker the Tones
become. And the more distance the Doodles are the lighter the Tone becomes.

e). Stippling is another technique that refers to shading that is carried out with dots. Stippling is
sometimes known as pointillism. Inpointillism the artist uses dots or points to show tone. The
closer the dots or points are, the darker the tone is. And distant points or dots are from each other
the lighter the tones become.

f) Linear:is a shading technique in which a series of fine parallel lines is applied. The lines are
drawn with more precision than in hatching.
Highlights are the lightest parts in a drawing or painting in a drawing or painting or areas of
brighter colour in a painting or drawing. Highlights give an illusion of three-dimensionality and
they also give particular emphasis to an area of the work.
9. Identify the principles of art?
Are the plans or arrangements that make the elements of Art come together in harmony. The
Principles make order, and organize a work of Art.

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These Principles of Art are: Balance, proportion, pattern Unity, Emphasis and Rhythm.
Let`s look at these Principles in detail:

i. Emphasis/dominance/contrast
Emphasis when an artist makes one part of a picture more important than the rest. Emphasis gets
you to focus and pay more attention to that particular part of the picture. Can you think of an
example of a picture where you can easily identify the emphasis?

ii. Balance
Balance refers to an arrangement of parts or the Elements of Art and Design so that they have
equal force in the picture or piece of Art.
Types of Balance
i. Radial Balance is kind of balance in which the design has a round centre with parts
that move away from.

ii. Symmetrical Balance is found when both sides of a design are exactly alike in shape.

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iii. Asymmetrical Balance is found when the two sides of design are very different, but still
visually balanced.

iv. Movement/Rhythm
This is the principle of art and design that indicate movements by the repetition of elements. Use
of lines, shapes or colours to leadthe eye of the viewer from onedirection to another.

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v. Unity
Unity in Art and Design is when the different parts of a picture come together in harmony. Each
part of the picture fits nicely with the others, thus forming a unity. It is a sense of oneness, of
things belongingtogether and making up a coherentwhole.

vi. Variety
Variety consists of differences in scale, surface, line, value and shape that give interest to a
composition.

10. Define carving and mention tools and materials used in carving
Carving is the technique of making a sculpture or other artworks by cutting away unwanted
material from a block. Carving is a subtractive method as it involves cutting away material from
a block leaving the sculpture to emerge.
There are natural and artificial Materials for carving
i. Natural materials include:
Soap stone, born or horn, clay, wood, bee wax.
ii. Artificial materials include:
Soap, cardboard, plaster of paris, wax and metals.
Tools used for carving

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Pang GrinderRasps

GorgesChisel

11. Define a pattern

It is a design made, using a single unit by repetition and rhythm. The single unit or main idea in
an art work is called a motif.
Types of patterns
i. Random pattern: a random design makes a pattern with no calculated space (irregular
space). The design or motif is just scattered in different directions without a formula on the
surface.

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 Random pattern and Regular pattern respectively
ii. Regular pattern: this is a typeof pattern which has identified motifs and equal amounts
of space between them.

iii. Alternating patterns: makes use of more than one motif by placement in different ways.

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 iv. Flowing pattern: the flowing pattern is one created by wavy lines or space. This pattern
can make your eyes go along a curving path that changes direction gradually.

v. Progressive pattern: a progressive pattern is a type of pattern which brings changes in

the motif. The motif changes slightly every time it is repeated. The motif is changed depending
on size, colour and shape.

12. State the methods used in printing patterns.

i. Block printing

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This is a printing technique used to create patterns by cutting or carving a design in a block of
wood and gouging out all the background areas that are not meant to print so that the image
stands out in relief. When the block is inked, only the raised areas take up the ink. Printing is
done by pressing the inked surface onto the printing surface to transfer the ink and making the
print.

ii. Intaglio: Intaglio is an Italian word for incise or cut in. Intaglio is exactly the reverse of
relief in that the areas meant to print are below the surface of the printing plate. The artist uses a
sharp tool or acid to make depressions in the form of lines or grooves in the metal plate. When
the plate is inked, the ink sinks into the depressions then the surface of the plate is wiped clean.
When dampened paper is brought into contact with the plate under pressure, the paper is pushed
into the inked depressions to pick up the image. There are five (5) basic types of intaglio these
are Engraving, Mezzotint, etching and Aquatint.
iii. stencil printing
In stencil process, images are cut from a strong thin material such as an X – ray film or an
ordinary paper. Unwanted parts are usually removed and ties are created to help wanted areas
remain holding to the main surface as illustrated below;
In this case paint or ink is duped through the cut out areas using a form or cushion. Flat surfaces
are usually printed using this method.
13. State and define the picture making techniques?
Montage, Collage, Mosaic and Frieze.
i. Montage: it is a French word for “mounting”, in this case it means the cutting and
grouping together of many pictures to form a new picture. It is a technique of producing a
new composite whole from fragments of pictures, texts or music.

ii. Collage: it is a French word which means to glue or stick. It is a picture making where a
collection of different materials are used to produce one complete picture.

iii. Tools and materials used

iv. Scissors, paper, cloth, pencils, water colours, brushes and glue.

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 v. Mosaic: a mosaic is an image up of small pieces of paper, glass, marble, tile, shells or
seeds. These are glued to a surface to form a decoration with a strong unique design. The
following are the types of mosaic; Glass, paper, stone and seeds.
vi. Frieze:a decorative horizontal band usually placed along the upper end of a wall.

14. What is batik?

Batik is Japanese word meaning wax painting or writing with wax. It is a technique of dyeing
fabric by protecting certain areas with wax. Wax acts has a resist, meaning that waxed areas
reject the dye.

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15. Mention the uses of batik.
i. They are used for decorations
ii. They are used for dressing
iii. They are used as wall hangings
iv. Used as background in photo studios
16. Outline the materials and tools used in batik
i. Fabric/ cloth
ii. Fan
iii. Tjanting tool
iv. Dyes heat source
v. Iron box or electric flat iron
vi. Pencils and papers for planning
vii. Wax
viii. Brushes
ix. Note: a tjanting tool is used to apply wax.
17. What is tie and dye?
Tie-and-dye is a method of textile design in which certain areas of the fabric are either bound,
typed in knots, folded stitched to prevent the die from penetrating
the fabric.

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Materials used in tie and dye
i. Caustic Soda
ii. Sodium Hydro-sulphite
iii. White or plan garment
iv. Rubber gloves
v. Strings or rubber bands
vi. Dye (colour)

The tie and dye craft can be done using the following methods;
(a) Sewing /stitchery: Gathering is done by sewing a line of simple stitches along the length,
width or diagonal of the fabric. The stitches are then pulled to gather the fabric into bundles.

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(b) Circling: Circling is carried out by bunching up sections of the fabric and tying them
with string or elastic bands. The less fabric tied, the smaller the resulting circles; the more fabric,
the broader the resulting circles. Inserting round objects into the tied areas results in interesting
patterns. A very small circle can be created by just pinching up a spot on the fabric and tying it.

(c) Spirals
Pinch The middle of the cloth or fabric and put a fork on the surface.while on the surface, twist it
to for form curls.

18. What is modelling?

Modeling is the making of forms In three dimension usually with clay, plaster and papier mache.
19. What is clay?
This is affine grained materials soilthat is used in modelling. Clay can be used in making
sculptures, pottery and building.

18 Mention the most commonly used modelling methods

i. Slab method
The Slab method is one of the commonly used. Here an even slab of clay is prepared and laid
flat. Then an appropriate required shape of an article is cut and its ends joined and other parts
later added to it using Slip.
The most common items made in this way are plates, pots, cups and mugs.

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ii. Pinch method
The Pinch method is also one of the famous widely used methods. A big lump of clay is used,
and the thumb assisted by other fingers is used to pinch the center and build-up, and shape it into
the required design. Slip can then be used to add any part to it. Common products of this method
include cups, jars, and mugs.

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 iii. Coil method
As the word coil suggests, it entails the making of the clay into many coils of required size and
thickness. These are later continuously laid one on top of the other and joined together using Slip
to come up with the required shape. Cups, jars and pots are some of the items that are easily
made using this method.
1.

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19. What Is Perspective?
It is the method of drawing solid objects on a flat surface to give them the illusion of depth and
space.
Identify rules of perspective.
i. Aerial perspective
Aerial perspective is the fading of colour with distance that is in painting and drawing
ii. Scale and proportion
Scale is size measured against a standard reference while proportion is concerned with
size relationships of one part to another
iii. Foreshortening,
Foreshortening is to shorten an object to make it look as if it extends backward into
space.
iv. Over lapping
This is when one object covers part of a second object.
v. Linear perspective
Linear perspective all receding lines seem to meet at a single point.
20. What is drawing?
It is an act of making a picture dragging a tool such as a pencil, pen, brush, charcoal on any
given surface.
Demonstrate the different forms of drawing
i. A sketch
They are visual notes which are drawn on paper regarding some theme which seems to be of
interest at a particular time
ii. A study
A study drawing is carried out as a study of a particular object, involving observation of a set of
objects, a particular object or a specific part of an object.
iii. A complete work
A complete work is a drawing carried out as a medium of expression which is an end in itself

21. Define colour?

Colour is an element of art that we see when light is reflected to the eye.

22. What is a colour wheel?

It is a spectrum of colours arranged in acircle.

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 i. Primary Colours:
Primary Colours are those colours that cannot be obtained by mixing other colours. The primary
Colours are pure and original. These are Red, Yellow and Blue.

ii. Secondary Colours

Theseare the colours that can be obtained by mixing any two primary Colours.
These are colours which can be obtained by mixing any two Primary Colours. They lie opposite
each other on the Colour Wheel, and they sharply contrast each other. There are six colours that
make up the Colour wheel. these are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, , and violet

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 iii. Tertiary/Intermediate Colours
Tertiary Colours are colours that can be obtained by mixing a Primary Colours with a Secondary
Colour. As such, elements or traces of the primary and secondary colours are retained in the
mixture. Tertiary colours are at times known as Intermediate colours e.g. (red-orange)

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23. What are warm colors and warm colours?
Cool Colours
Cool Colours are the colours that when looked at, give a feeling of coolness. These are the
colours that are associated with sky, water, spring or vegetation.
Some of the Cool-colours are: green, blue-green, blue-violet, red- violet and yellow-green.
warm colors
Warm colours on the other hand when looked at, give a feeling of warmth. Warm colours are
associated with Fire/Heat, Sun and Earth.

24. Define a tint.

A tint is a mixture of a colour with white which increases lightness

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25. Define a shade.
A shade is the addition of black to any colour, which gives it a dark value.

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26. What is value of a colour?
Value in art refers to the lightness or darkness of the Hue or colour. For example, yellow and
orange have light value, while green and purple have dark value.
27. What are complementary colours.
Complementary colours are colours that lie directly opposite one another on the colour wheel.

28. Define analogous color scheme.

Analogous-colours are the colours that are closely related to each on the Colour. Wheel.
Families of Analogous colours include the warm- colours-(red<orange and yellow), and the cool-
colours-(blue<green and violet).

29. Define Monochromatic

Mono- chrome is a one colour interpretation. The word mono means one, while chrome means
colour. We therefore refer of a picture with only one colour as monochromatic.

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30. what is lettering?
Lettering is the act or process of forming letters.
31. Describe types of lettering
Calligraphy is one type of lettering, however, there are other types of letters especially computer
fonts or typefaces. examples; Times New Roman, Arial.
32. what is calligraphy
Calligraphy is the art of beautiful writing

Happy Birthday
0123456789
33. What is a logo?
A logo is a visual symbol of a company, product, business, club or group. It is used by
companies as part of their corporate label. It may be done using letters initials, symbols,
character or stylized image.
A logo can also be defined as a graphical mark used to identify a company, an organization,
product or brand. Logos are usually used by money making organizations and have slogans.

34. Mention the qualities of a good logo

i. Simplicity
ii. Attractive
iii. symbolic

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35. What is an emblem?
An emblem is a visual symbol with a symbolic meaning, sometimes accompanied by explanatory
text. It represents an idea or goal or belief. Sometimes it is worn as an identifying badge to
associate the wearer with the idea. Emblems are used by non- profit making organization e.g.
schools, churches. An emblem usually has a motto.

36. what is a poster?

A poster is a paper or polythene material with information pinned in place for the public to be
informed.

37. State the qualities of a good poster

i. Clear message in words , illustrations or both
ii. Attractive and informative
iii. Components of a poster should portray the same information. e.g. the text
should speak the same massage as illustrated.
38. Mention the three types posters

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 i. Informative posters
ii. Educative
iii. Advertising posters
39. What is weaving?
Weaving is interlacing of vertical threads (the warp) with a set of horizontal threads weft)
that are held at right angles to each other on a loom.
40. What is a loom?
A loom is a framework used for weaving fibers to make a cloth. Cotton wool, plastic strips of
paper, glass etc. are some of the materials that may be woven on traditional hand looms.

41. Mention the hand weaving techniques.

i. Plain weave
the plain weave is also known as the tobby weave. it is the simplest structure each weft
thread passes over one warp thread and under the next one again and again continuing
across the entire width and length of the fabric.

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ii. Twill weave
The twill weave creates a pattern of diagonal lines in the fabric. There are two basic twill
weaves. In the both sides of the fabric look the same, in the other, the front and the back shows
different patterns. The twill weave is also known as the balance weave.

iv. Twinning weave

The twinning weave is a chaining technique in which two weft threads cross each other
whenever they pass through the warp. The twinning weave is normally used in making of the
baskets, rugs and carpets.

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 REVISION QUESTIONS
1. Literary Arts are a broad group of activities: visual arts, performing arts and literary arts. What is
visual art?
A. Crafts, fine art, and design
B. Fine art, music, and drama
C. Crafts, fine art, and performing arts
D. arts, music and drama
2. An upright stand used by the artists to hold a canvas is called?
A. Canvas
B. Easel
C. Palette
D. Palette knife
3. Which of the following is not a career in art?
A. Fashion designing
B. Graphic designing
C. Sign writing
D. Hotel management
4. Which of the following are artists of fame and fortune?
A. Michelangelo and Picasso
B. Isaac Chibua and Leornard da Vinci
C. Veryan Edwards and Picasso
D. Alfred Ncube and Michelangelo
5. What are the materials used to create an art work called?
A. Medium
B. Media
C. Methods
D. Charcoal
6. What are the three categories of visual arts?
A. Crafts, music and design
B. Design, fine art and crafts
C. Crafts, fine art and culture
D. Culture, fine art and design
7. How can art be used to make people aware of the dangers of teenage pregnancy?
A. Through advertising
B. Through lettering
C. Through posters
D. Through logos
8. Which of the following is a job opportunity related to art?
A. Mechanics
B. Transport operator
C. Architect
D. Shopkeeper
9. Who is a freelance artist?
A. A person who works on his own and can also receive commissions

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 B. A person who runs his own business and also works for a company
C. A person who works for a different company
D. A person who works for a graphic design company
10. Which of the following is NOT an art medium?
A. Proportion
B. Pencil
C. Water colours
D. Pastels
11. Which of the following is NOT a stage in art criticism?
A. Description
B. Analysis
C. Judgment
D. Comprehension
12. Which of the following are areas of study in art?
A. Art, crafts and painting
B. Art, crafts and design
C. Crafts, drawing and art
D. Design, sculpture and composition.
13. The understanding and enjoyment of value in an artwork is called?
A. Art appreciation
B. Art depreciation
C. Art criticism
D. Emerging issues
14. Which of the following is not an emerging issue?
A. Teenage pregnancy
B. Drug abuse
C. HIV/AIDS
D. Watching football
15. Which of the following is an effect of drug abuse?
A. You have social problems such as a family break-up
B. You become a law-abiding citizen
C. You are dependent on drugs
D. You are able to look after your family very well.
16. Which measure may be taken to control HIV/AIDS?
A. Have sex without sex a condom
B. Have unprotected sexual intercourse
C. Abstain from sex
D. Come into contact with infected blood
17. What is the name for the person whose job is to look after the artefacts in a museum and arrange
them for display
A. Freelance artist
B. Illustrator
C. Museum keeper
D. Curator

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18. Which of the following is NOT a common hazard found in the art studio
A. Skin hazard
B. Respiratory hazard
C. Electrical hazard
D. Cleaning hazard.
19. A preliminary rough drawing, draft, or outline is called?
A. Study
B. Sketch
C. Complete work
D. Perspective
20. Which of the following careers is NOT related to drawing?
A. Potter
B. Illustrator
C. Architect
D. Cartoonist
21. The process of making quick rough drawing to try out an idea is called?
A. Experimenting
B. Modeling
C. Study
D. Observation
22. Which of the following can be described as a portrait drawing?
A. A drawing of a group of people
B. A realistic drawing of a person
C. A drawing of pottery arranged on shelf
D. A drawing of non-living objects arranged on the table
23. Which of the following methods are NOT used in drawing
A. Lining and dotting
B. Cuffing and dragging
C. Pressing and scratching
D. Wedging and kneading
24. Which type of shading technique uses a series of fine parallel lines?
A. Cross-hatching
B. Scribbling
C. Smudging
D. Linear
25. A drawing of strange animals is made without ever observing them in real life. Which approach
to drawing is this?
A. Imagination drawing
B. Experience drawing
C. Observation drawing
D. Memory drawing
26. An observation drawing that shows great awareness of structure and form is called?
A. Study

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 B. Perspective
C. Sketch
D. Still life
27. An artist drew a picture of how his club celebrated their sports day last year. Which approach to
drawing is this?
A. Memory drawing
B. Imagination drawing
C. Observation drawing
D. Nature drawing
28. Which of the following is not a shading technique?
A. Cross-hatching
B. Painting
C. Hatching
D. Dotting
29. Filling in an area of a drawing to make the object appear solid is called?
A. Brazing
B. Drawing
C. Shadow
D. Shading
30. A drawing which involve mental recall and recording of images of past events is called?
A. Drawing from imagination
B. Drawing from a painting
C. Drawing from observation
D. Drawing from memory
31. The outline of an object or part of an object is called?
A. Contour
B. Gesture
C. Study
D. Drawing
32. A point where parallel lines in perspective appear to meet is called
A. Eye-level
B. Aerial perspective
C. Vanishing point
D. Two-point perspective
33. The term used to express the height of the artist’s eye from the ground is called?
A. Vanishing point
B. Radial balance
C. Eye-level
D. Balance

34. How can space and distance be achieved in painting or drawing?

A. By overlapping objects
B. By contrasting
C. By making them big

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 D. By making the smaller
35. The area in a picture between the foreground and the background is called?
A. Middle ground
B. Background
C. Foreground
D. Perspective
36. The part of the picture plane that appears closest to the viewer is called?
A. Middle ground
B. Foreground
C. Background
D. Further ground
37. The line where the sky and earth seem to meet is called?
A. Vanishing point
B. Horizon
C. Point of meeting
D. Point of infinity
38. The part of the picture plane that seems to be furthest from the viewer is called?
A. Foreground
B. Background
C. Middle ground
D. Horizon
39. What type of perspective is achieved in drawing when a very close object is drawn at an
exaggeratedly large size?
A. Aerial perspective
B. Foreshortening perspective
C. Scale and proportion perspective
D. Overlapping perspective
40. What type of perspective is achieved in a painting when distant colours and outlines gradually
fade?
A. Scale and proportion perspective
B. Aerial perspective
C. Overlapping perspective
D. Foreshortening perspective
41. An artist drew foreground objects bigger and closer to the viewer than those in the background.
What was he trying to achieve?
A. Craftsmanship
B. Composition
C. Overlapping objects
D. Perspective
42. What is also referred to as a paint vehicle?
A. Pigment
B. Solvent
C. Binder
D. Pigment and binder

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43. Which of the following is NOT a colour scheme?
A. Colour triads
B. Paint vehicle
C. Analogous colours
D. Monochromatic colour
44. What is the selection of colours in a work of art called?
A. Optical colours
B. Colour wheel
C. Analogous colours
D. Colour scheme
45. Colours in the environment that people actually see and perceive are called?
A. Analogous colours
B. Optical colours
C. Arbitrary colours
D. Colour scheme
46. A group of three colours spaced at an equal distance on the colour wheel is called?
A. Warm colours
B. Cool colours
C. Colour scheme
D. Colour triad
47. What is the other name for colour?
A. Hue
B. Mixing
C. Colouring
D. Drawing
48. The liquid added to paint to make it flow more easily is called?
A. Charcoal
B. Solvent
C. Paint
D. Paste
49. The liquid to which dry pigment is added, allowing it to stick to the surface, is called?
A. Pigment
B. Binder
C. Solvent
D. Colour
50. An artist arranged the colours green and red opposite to each other. This is because the two
colours are?
A. Related
B. Neutral
C. Warm
D. Complementary

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51. A prominent characteristic of an object, when light waves strike it and are reflected to our eyes,
is called?
A. Colour
B. Value
C. Tint
D. Intensity
52. Which of the following is a set of secondary colours?
A. Red, violet and green
B. Violet, green and orange
C. Yellow, orange and violet
D. Green, orange and red
53. The lightness or darkness of a colour is called
A. Intensity
B. Value
C. Hue
D. Chroma
54. A large painting on a wall, attached to the surface of the wall, is called?
A. Illustrations
B. Landscape
C. Mural
D. Photograph
55. A coloured powder that gives paint its colour is called?
A. Paint vehicle
B. Solvent
C. Binder
D. Pigment
56. What kind of colour is obtained when two primary colours are mixed together?
A. Complementary colour
B. Tertiary colour
C. Secondary colour
D. Primary colour
57. Which of the following is a career related to painting?
A. Blacksmith
B. Interior decorator
C. Sculptor
D. Basketry
58. Which set of colours below consists of primary colours?
A. Blue, white and black
B. Orange, red and violet
C. Red, blue and yellow
D. Yellow, green and blue
59. Watercolours and oil paints depend on which substance for their hue?
A. Egg yolk
B. Pigment

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 C. Medium
D. Vehicle
60. Adding white to a colour creates which effect?
A. Adds brightness to the colour
B. Adds tint to the colour
C. Intensifies the colour
D. Neutralizes the colour
61. The art or craft of making baskets is called?
A. Montage
B. Mosaic
C. Basketry
D. Jewellery
62. Serigraphy is a method of printing also known as?
A. Stencil printing
B. Lithography
C. Screen printing
D.Intaglio printing
63. The printing method based on the fact that water and oil never mix is called?
A. Serigraphy
B. Screen printing
C. Stenciling
D. Lithography
64. The designing and planning of the text and artwork for books and magazines is called?
A. Logo design
B. Graphic design
C. Illustration
D. Book cover design
65. The process of planning, organizing and arranging the elements in a work of art is called?
A. Designing
B. Illustrating
C. Drawing
D. Constructing
66. Designs that have dimensions of length and width and occupy a flat surface are called?
A. Four dimensional
B. Two dimensional
C. Three dimensional
D. One dimensional
67. The use of a computer as a tool for designing is known as
A. Computer aided design
B. Computer school of design
C. Computer studies
D. Graphics

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68. Which one of the following is not kind of illustration?
A. Comic stories
B. Picture stories
C. Cartoons
D. Cracking
69. In the design process, what is the purpose of (i) sketching and (ii) refining?
A. To test a variety of ideas to complete the details
B. To produce a design; to evaluate the design process
C. To choose the best idea to look for more information
D. To identify the problem to review the finished work
70. Which design step means, to look for additional information in developing different ideas?
A. Sketching
B. Selecting
C. Researching
D. Producing
71. Brainstorming with a variety of ideas before choosing the best one is called?
A. Selecting
B. Refining
C. Researching
D. Sketching
72. Which printing process requires a squeegee?
A. Relief printing
B. Intaglio printing
C. Lithography
D. Screen printing
73. Which of the following is not a basic technique used in printing?
A. Surface Process
B. Drawing process
C. Stencil process
D. Relief process
74. Wax, dye and old newspapers are materials for which technique?
A. Batik
B. Montage
C. Tie and dye
D. Collage
75. In batik, which tool is used to apply wax to fabric?
A. Waxing tool
B. Tainting tool
C. Drawing
D. Carving
76. What is the technique of dyeing in which selected areas are protected with wax
A. Batik
B. Mosaic

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 C. Tie and dye
D. Collage
77. Which term refers to an artist who designs logos?
A. Building designer
B. Graphic 8designer
C. Pattern designer
D. Fashion designer
78. A visual symbol for a company, business or club is called?
A. Logo
B. Emblem
C. Slogan
D. Layout
79. What is the function of a logo?
A. To identify a company, institution or product
B. To convey a deep symbolic meaning
C. To act as a plan for a full size sculpture
D. To indicate the quality of products and services
80. The designing of patterns and images for printed fabrics is called
A. Mural designing
B. Fabric designing
C. Batik designing
D. Graphic designing
81. What is a large painting that is permanently attached to a wall?
A. Canvas
B. Found object
C. Low relief sculpture
D. Mural
82. Why is the fabric washed before making batik?
A. To remove grease or starch
B. To make the fabric clean
C. To make the fabric shrink
D. To make the fabric holes small
83. How can wax be removed from a fabric
A. By melting it in hot water
B. By exposing it to the sun
C. By rising the cloth in cold water
D. By exposing it to wind
84. Which of the following materials cannot be used for making sculptures?
A. Bronze
B. Clay
C. Wood
D. Stencil
85. Which of the following is man-made material used in sculpting?
A. Bronze

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 B. Stone
C. Wood
D. Bone
86. Which sculpting method requires the use of mallet, chisel and saw?
A. Modeling
B. Welding
C. Carving
D. Casting
87. The following are the principles of Art except one
A. Line
B. Unity
C. Rhythm
D. Proportion
88. The following are the principles of art and design expect one
A. Line
B. Unity
C. Rhythm
D. Proportion

89. What is a shape?

A. An outward appearance of an object defined by lines
B. It has weight and occupied line
C. It is a curved line
D. It is a circle

90. A……………………………….. Pencil is used when shading.

A. HB pencil
B. B pencil
C. H pencil
D. D pencil

91. What colour do you get when you mix yellow and blue?
A. Blue
B. Orange
C. Green
D. Violet

92. What is texture?

A. A feeling of a surface
B. Hardness of an object
C. Smoothness of a surface
D. Roughness of a crocodile skin

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93.…………………………………… is a practice of painting in one colour only.
A. Value
B. Monochromatic
C. Hue
D. Space

94. The study of different types or styles of writing is called?

A. Typography
B. Gothic
C. Roman
D. Script

95. What is calligraphy?

A. The study of beautiful writing.
B. The study of drawing
C. The study of lettering
D. The study of designing

96. What is a spectrum?

A. Light
B. A band of colours
C. Colour wheel
D. A glass prism

97. Which of the following is a primary colour

A. Violet
B. Pink
C. Red
D. Black

98. What are the three properties of colour?

A. Hue, value and intensity
B. Shape, value and tone
C. Space, value and hue
D. Value hue and shape

99. A mixture of blue and red forms a colour known as?

A. Pink
B. Orange
C. Violet
D. Green

100. The use of imagination and skill to make beautiful things is called?

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 A. Shape
B. Art
C. Value
D. Rhythm

101. Which of the following is not an element of art?

A. Harmony
B. Space
C. Line
D. Colure

102. Name the colour opposite to orange

A. Green
B. Red
C. Blue
D. Violet

103. The other name for slip is…………………….

A. Slop
B. Glue
C. Liquid
D. ignoble
104. Originally, Terracotta means
A. Bone ash mixed with freshly prepared clay
B. Grog
C. Biscuit stage
D. Bone ash that is soaked in water and mixed with clay
105. ………………………… is used as shock absorber in …………………
A. Grog; leather hard
B. Grog; ceramics
C. Grog; pottery
D. Clay; works
106. Why is kaolin a preferred material for initiation ceremonies?
A. Because of its neutrality
B. Because of its purity

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 C. Because of its availability
D. Because of its goodness
107. The best time to join pieces of clay articles together is at……………..
A. Green ware
B. Bone hard
C. Forming
D. Leather hard
108. Which of the following gives the correct description of primary clay?
A. Special kind of earth with plasticity, low porosity, fine particles, white in appearance
B. Plasticity, fine particles, found away from parent rock, white in colour.
C. Fine particles, less plasticity, found near parent rock, dark in colour
D. No impurities less plasticity found near parent, dark in colour
109. The standard formula for paint media……………….
A. Pigment+ paint
B. Pigment +Binder
C. Paint+ gloss enamel
D. Pigment + gouache
110. Why are ceramic wares sometimes glazed?
A. To make them porous to liquids
B. To make them durable, beautiful and non-porous to liquids
C. To make them unbreakable
D. To make them heavier and more expensive

111. What is the fusing agent in in glaze that helps it to melt?

A. Glass
B. Flux
C. Alumina
D. Silica

112. A glaze is composed of three Min ingredients. Which of the following is not a component of a
glaze?
A. Slip
B. Alumina
C. Silica
D. Flux

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113. Ground-up pottery added to clay to give it stiffness is called?
A. Slip
B. Alumina
C. Grog
D. Matte

114. Why is it necessary to add flux to glazes?

A. To bind the glaze to the clay
B. To stop the glaze from running
C. To protect the bottom of the kiln
D. To lower the glaze’s firing temperature

115. In a glaze, what is the role of silica?

A. To lower the glaze temperature
B. To make the glaze strong and acid-proof
C. To bind the glaze together
D. To become glass when the glaze is fired

116. Where did pottery making start in Africa?

A. Along the rivers
B. In the mountains
C. In the forests
D. In the deserts

117. The art of making objects from clay and later firing them in a kiln is called?
A. Ceramics
B. Glazing
C. Throwing
D. Blacksmith

118. Clay in its liquid form is called?

A. Porosity
B. Engobe
C. Plasticity
D. Slip

119. which of the following is an art related to ceramics?

A. Blacksmithing
B. Pottery making
C. Basketry
D. Tie-and-dye work

120. Which technique is used to decorate clay pots and to make them non-porous and durable?

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 A. Slaking
B. Glazing
C. Polishing
D. Burnishing

121. The first firing, which converts clay to pottery, is called?

A. Bisque firing
B. Glost firing
C. Glaze firing
D. Decorative firing

122. A person who makes clay wares is called?

A. Dentist
B. Sculptor
C. Ceramist
D. Blacksmith

123. Which of the following are the components of a glaze?

A. Alumina, silica and bone ash
B. Slip, flux and alumina
C. Silica, flux and alumina
D. Flux, silica and grog

124. In Zambia, which centre offers training in pottery and ceramics?

A. Mindolo
B. Mufulira
C. Chipata
D. Kabwe

125. Which of the following is not a technique used in pottery making?

A. Pinch
B. Stencil
C. Ball
D. Slab

126. A skeleton supports a human being. What supports a sculpture?

A. Armature
B. Bones
C. Binder
D. Solvent
127. A sculpture that stands on its own is called?

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 A. Relief sculpture
B. Free-standing sculpture
C. Additive sculpture
D. Subtractive sculpture
128. A three-dimensional sculpture’s sketch, modelled in clay as a trial run, is called?
A. Armature
B. Marquette
C. Carving
D. Bust
129. Which of these natural materials can be used for making sculptures?
A. Soapstone and concrete
B. Clay and plaster of Paris
C. Stone and concrete
D. Wood and marble
130. A framework made of wire and used to support papier mache or clay sculpture is called?
A. Bust
B. Model
C. Statue
D. Armature
131. In Art terms, what is a bust?
A. A figure sculpture
B. A sculpture that shows action
C. A framework made of wire
D. A sculpture of a person’s head that includes the neck and chest
132. The process of making a sculpture by cutting or chipping away unwanted material is called?
A. Modelling
B. Carving
C. Construction
D. Assembling
133. Which methods are used when an artist makes a sculpture using both wood and plaster?
A. Carving and assembling
B. Additive and construction
C. Construction and subtractive
D. Subtractive and additive

134. …………………………… art is the type of art that involves drawing and painting.
A. Pictorial
B. Painting
C. Design
D. Fine

135. A …………………… is a product of the process of critical thinking and analysis.

A. shape
B. form
C. design
D. surface
136. …………………………. is the systematic grading of tones from darkest to lightest.
A. tonal light

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B. tonal gradation
C. gradation
D. tones
137. The art of making non-usable but decorative and symbolic items or materials like clay, cement,
woods, scrap metal, stone, plaster and pairs is?
A. Ceramics
B. Crafts
C. Sculpture
D. Artificial
138. Which of the following is NOT a natural material used to make sculptures?
A. Wood
B. Bronze
C. Clay
D. Marble
139. The method in which an artwork is made by removing materials from a block is called?
A. Reduction method
B. Subtractive method
C. Additive method
D. Construction
140. A sculpture in which areas project slightly from a flat surface is called?
A. Low and high relief
B. High relief
C. Slightly lower
D. Low relief
141. The process of making sculptural forms in three-dimensions with clay or wax is called?
A. Modelling
B. Assembling
C. Casting
D. Carving

142. Threads that run the length of the fabric and are kept at constant tension during weaving are called?
A. Wefts
B. Warps
C. Yarn
D. Stitchery
143. The frame used for weaving fibres to make a cloth is called?
A. Weaving
B. Loom
C. Dye
D. Papier mache
144. The art of making fabric by interlacing two sets of parallel threads, held at right angles to each other,
is called?
A. Yarn

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 B. Stitchery
C. Appliqué
D. Weaving
145. The threads that run the width of fabric are called?
A. Yarn
B. Wefts
C. Warps
D. Weaving
146. The kind of artwork produced when pieces of cloth are sewn onto a larger cloth is called?
A. Stitchery
B. Tapestry
C. Appliqué
D. Macramé
147. The craftwork made by stitching yarn, thread, string or other materials to decorate a fabric is called?
A. Appliqué
B. Stitchery
C. Weaving
D. Loom
148. The process by which small pieces of fabric are sewn together onto a larger piece of fabric is called?
A. Weaving
B. Stitchery
C. Macramé
D. Appliqué
149. What is the difference between warps and wefts in weaving?
A. Warps run the length of a fabric and wefts the width of the fabric
B. Warps run the width of a fabric and wefts run the length of the fabric
C. Warps are white while wefts are black
D. Warps are extended while wefts remain the same
150. Material from an animal skin that has been preserved by tanning is called?
A. Tanning
B. Processing
C. Raw hide
D. Leather
151. An artwork in which flat shapes of various materials have been glued to a surface is called?
A. Relief
B. Marquette
C. Collage
D. Mobile
152. The artwork in which small pieces of glass, stone, pottery or eggshell are laid on a flat surface to
create an image is called?
A. Marbling
B. Mosaic
C. Montage
D. Collage

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153. which of the following is a craft related to weaving?
A. Pottery
B. Basketry
C. Blacksmithing
D. Tie and dye
154. The craft of making items from paper leather is called?
A. Basketry
B. Blacksmithing
C. Leatherwork
D. Appliqué
155. Which technique uses the cutting and grouping of pictures to form a new picture?
A. Photomontage
B. Collage
C. Mosaic
D. Tie and dye
156. What factor has most influenced craftwork in recent years?
A. Non-availability of traditional materials
B. Greater emphasis on functional as opposed to decorative crafts
C. Industrial and technical developments
D. Increased cost of raw materials
157. The art or craft of using a loom to combine threads into cloth is called?
A. Weaving
B. Sewing
C. Basketry
D. Pottery
158. Which of the following is NOT a type of ornament?
A. Beadwork
B. Bone jewellery
C. Basketry
D. Metal jewellery

159. In the past, what were the main uses of African masks?
A. For pleasure, harvest and disguising
B. For harvest, celebration and ritual
C. For dance, initial ceremonies and ritual
D. For ploughing, harvest and dance
160. Objects used to decorate the body are called?
A. Ornaments
B. Accessories
C. Pendants
D. Jewellery

ONE WORD ANSWER

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1. Name of a special tray in which artist mix colours………………………………………….…….
2. An area enclosed by a line…………………………………………………………………………
3. The arrangement of light and shadow to form pictures……………………………………………
4. The arrangement of elements in a work of art………………………………………………..……
5. The study and appreciation of beauty………………………………………………………………
6. A place for displaying or selling works of art……………………………………………………...
7. Picture writing used by ancient Egyptians………………………………………………………….
8. Fired clay, also known as bisque or biscuit…………………………………………………………
9. A liquid, like water or oil, that pigments are mixed with to make paint……………………………
10. The use of skill to produce beautiful objects………………………………………………………..
11. Any material used to produce an art object……………………………………….
…………………
12. Pigments held together with wax moulded into sticks…………………………………...………….
13. Having two sides which are the same in size and shape…………………………………...………..
14. Canvas, board or any surface for working the work of an art on……………………...…………….
15. A large painting or art work, designed on or for the wall or ceiling of building……………………
16. The production of beautiful handwriting……………………………………………………………
17. Making meaningless scribbles that are outlined and colored to make meaning shapes…….....……
18. A method of painting by applying pigment to moist plaster……………………………….……….
19. A picture or pattern made by scratching through different coloured layers………...........................
20. Paint made by mixing pigment with egg yolk and water……………………………………………
21. Side view of a face…………………………………………………………………………..………
22. Sculpture that has moving parts generated by air, gravity or electricity……………………….
……
23. A canvas or paper surface coated with white in preparation for a painting………………................
24. Modelling using mashed or pieces of paper soaked with glue……………………………...………
25. Dullness or brightness of colour…………………………………………………………………….
26. Repetition of any element of art…………………………………………………………………….
27. Shaping hot liquid metal or slip clay by pouring it into the mould……………..…………………..
28. Art of today………………………………………………………………………………………….
29. The type of shading where lines crisscross each other……………………………………..……….
30. Name one colour that is both a tint and a shade at the same time…………………………………..
31. A raised design, pattern or lettering…………………………………………………………………
32. Any art inspired or influenced by ancient Greek or Roman art……………………………………..

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33. A mixture of Red and Black forms a colour known as……………………………………………...
34. The opposite of blue is………………………………………………………………………………
35. Adding white to any colour is known as…………………………………………………………….
36. A mixture of Green and Blue forms a colour known as…………………………………………….
37. The three properties of colour are value, intensity and……………………………………………...
38. The only TERTIARY colour on the rainbow is……………………………………………………..
39. Underline a warm secondary colour, RED, ORANGE, YELLOW, BLUE, and GREEN.
40. Pink is a mixture of white and……………………………………………………………………..
41. Underline the colour that would appear closer to the viewer, RED, BLUE,GREEN,VIOLET
42. Name the type of perspective where colour fades with distance increases…..…..…………………
43. Converging parallel lines as distance increases……………………………………………………..
44. Mention the type of perspective in which some objects are partially hidden in order to create
distance into the picture…………………………………………………………………………….
45. State two careers in sculpture……………………………..………………………………………...
46. State three (3) careers in painting………………………………….………………………………
47. Mention three (3) properties of clay………………………………………………………………..
48. Mention two sources of clay……………………..…………………………………………………
49. Mention two types of commercial clay……………………………………………………….…….
50. Mention two types of clay……………………………………………………………………….…..
51. State three (3) three techniques for pottery making…………………………………………………
52. State two careers in ceramics………………………………………………………………………..
53. Mention three (3) types of paints…………………………………….,……………………………..
54. What do you call the type of printing in which the printing areas are raised above base…………...
55. Large notices or pictures on metal surfaces for advertisement are called…………………………..
56. The term used to mean beauty in art is known as…………………………………………………...
57. What is the term used for a public place where display of Art works is done?..................................
58. Define the term collage in Art and Design………………………………….....................................
59. Who painted the famous portrait of Mona-Lisa…………………………………………………….
60. Who painted the picture of the Last-Supper……………………………………………………….
61. What do you understand by the term ‘Positive
stencil’? ...................................................................
62. What style of Art was Cubism? ........................................................................................................
63. What is Monochromatic painting? ………………………………………………………………

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 64. ………………………………………..is the technique of shading in which a series of fine
parallel lines are drawn at about 45 degrees to the outline in order to fill an area or surface.
65. ……………………………………………………………is the shading type that uses dots.
66. Mention the colouring matter in paint ……………………………………………………………...
67. What is the other name for a Binder………………………………………………………………..
68. What is a statue in sculpture? ............................................................................................................
69. What is a Model? …………………………………………………………………………………...
70. Give two major examples of performing arts……………………………………………………….
71. What are elements of
art? ...................................................................................................................
72. Give two examples of complimentary colours? ................................................................................

Artis the expression of thought or ideas through creation of things which are perceived by any sense of
experience.
Art isa superior skill learnt by study observation and practice
Artis wasting space beautifully
Abstract drawing or painting
a painting or drawing that focuses on formal qualities rather than on content or subject matter.
Aerial perspective; colour fading to give the appearance of distance
Analogous colours; colours that lie side by side on the colour wheel or that are next to each other
Complementary colours; these are colours on the colour wheel that are directly opposite to each other.
Cool colours; colours which give a feeling of calm or coolness, e.g. blue, purple, and green.
Colour; an art element derived from the reflection of light.
Colour triads; a set of three colours spaced an equal distance apart on the colour wheel.
Arbitrary colours; colours chosen by personal preference rather than by a colour scheme.
Artefacts;any work of art or crafts.
Artist’s donkey; a low stand or chair with drawing board at the far end
Assembling; joining together pieces or segments of found objects.
Basketry; the art and practice of making baskets.
Beadwork; objects of adornment made with beads by stitching them in various designs and patterns.
Brush stroke; a mark made by moving a paint brush against a canvas or other surface.
Bust; a sculpture of a person that includes the head, neck, and chest.

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Carving; a way of making sculptures and other artworks by cutting away unwanted material.
Chiaroscuro; the balance of light and shade in a painting that produces an effect of modeling.
Collage; French for sticking or gluing. Artwork made from torn or cut out materials pasted onto a surface.
Cubism; a style of art that emphasized structure and design.
Curator; a person whose job is to look after the artefacts that are kept in museum and to arrange them for
display.
Drawing; a representation on a flat surface with a variety of tools such as pen, paintbrush, or pencil
usually with an emphasis on line.
Easel; an upright stand used by artist to hold a canvas or panel.
Eye level; the term used to express the height of the artist eye from the ground.
Fine art ; art created primarily for aesthetic reasons and has no commercial function e.g. painting
drawing sculpture and print making.
Foreshortening perspective; the height and size of an object increasing and decreasing with distance.
Fresco; Italian for fresh. A painting on wall using pigment mixed with water applied quickly and
decisively to lime plaster ground while it is still damp so that the colours are absorbed and remain fresh.
Grinding; rubbing away unwanted parts in a sculpture.
Collage: the picture making technique which involves cutting of bits and pieces of different materials and
pasting them on a hard-background.
Thumb method, coil method; three methods used in making works of clay
Primary and Secondary are ways in which clay is classified.
Kneading: is done to remove air bubbles from clay
Horizon; the line or point where the sky and the earth seem to meet.
Jewellery; these are objects that are worn as personal decorations such as rings, necklaces
Leather; material made from animal skins that have been preserved by a chemical process known as
tanning.
Leatherwork; method of making objects out of leather.
Linear perspective; this is a system of drawing that gives the illusion of depth on flat surface by using
perspective lines.
Literary arts; art which draws its inspiration and subject matter from literary text where there is
emphasis on the story than anything else.
Maquete; French for small model. A kind of three dimensional sculptors sketch modelled in clay
Mask; this is a three dimensional artwork that covers protects or hides the face of something.
Medium; media plural materials; a liquid added to paint in order to make it flow more easily.

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Middle ground; an area in the picture between the foreground and the background and the background.
Mixed media; a combination of different materials or media in an artwork e.g. with several different
media such as pencil, pastel or ink combined.
Mobile sculpture ; a sculpture in which shapes are balanced and arranged on wire arms and suspended
from ceiling to move freely ( hence mobile)
Modeling; a method of making sculptural forms in three dimensional usually with clay plaster or wax
Montage; French for mounting the cutting and grouping together of many pictures to form a new picture.
Paint vehicle; also known as the binder is a liquid like water, oil that the pigment is mixed with to make
paint.
Painting ; a process of applying colour to a surface using tools such as brush pallet knife, rollers or
fingers to describe form, express ideas, feelings or mood.
Palette; a thin hard wood metal or plastics on which the artist lays or mixes his or her colours.
Palette knife; a tool shaped like a knife with a flexible blade used for picking up and applying paint on a
surface.
Papier Mache; French for mashed paper. This is a method of making artworks in which paper is torn into
strips or made into pulp and mixed with glue or paste.
Performing arts; art forms which have been pre-arranged and performed in front of a live audience such
as drama, dance, music comedy and usually made for video production where artists become participants.
Perspective drawing; the method of drawing solid objects on a flat surface that gives illusion of depth
and space.
Proportion; the relationship or ratio of one part to another or to the whole. Or the size of an object in
drawing in relation to the other.
Punching; to pierce leather with circular holes used for stitching, thronging and fastening.
Realistic drawing or painting; a drawing or painting looking exactly as it is in real life.
Related colours; colours found next to each other on the colour wheel.
Scorching; burning away unwanted parts in wood or a sculpture.
Scoring; this is a process of cutting a grove along a folded line on leather.
Scrapping; getting rid of unwanted parts in sculpture.
Secondary colours; colours made by mixing two primary colours.
Shade; a darker tone or value of the colour made by adding black or more pigment.
Solvent; he liquid that controls the thickness or thinness of the paint. Turpentine being the solvent in oil
paint whereas water is a solvent in water.
Split complementary; colour which consists one colour and two colours, one on each side of its
complimentary, e.g. red orange its complement is blue green.

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Tertiary colours; these are colours made by mixing one primary colour and an adjacent secondary
colour.
Three dimensional; things that can be measured in three ways and usually not flat.
Tint ; a lighter tone or value of the colour made by adding white to the original colour or diluting it to
make it weaker.
Two dimensional; things that can be measured in two ways with only two sides and usually.
Vanishing point; a point where parallel lines appear to meet in perspective.
Visual arts; these are arts that produce beautiful objects to look at such as drawings paintings sculptures
crafts printmaking photography.
Warm colours; colours which gives a feeling of warmth e.g. red yellow orange.
Water colours; paint with a water soluble binder which its self becomes soluble in water.
Warp; threads that run the length of the fabric which are kept at constant tension.
Weaving; the process by which a fabric is formed by interlacing a set of vertical threads (warps) with a
set of horizontal threads (wefts) held at right angles to each other on a loom.
Weft; threads that run the width of the fabric which are manipulated to form patterns across the width of
the cloth.
Wooden donkey; a long wooden bench with a support at the front against which the easel leans. The
artist sits at the end.
Batik; A technique of dyeing fabric by protecting selected areas with wax. Hot liquid is applied to cloth
and cooled before dyeing begins.
Bisque or biscuit firing; the first kiln firing of ceramics; it changes dried clay to pottery.
Bone ash; completely burned animal bones mostly from cattle, which are then crashed to fine powder
Bone dry; the condition of unfired clay that has not absorbed moisture other than natural humidity.
Bone firing; the firing of clay items in an open fire with natural fuels, either in a traditional pit with
caowdung or above ground with stacked firewood
Curving; method for making sculptures and other artworks by cutting unwanted materials.
Commercial art; artwork done for the purpose of communication and production e.g. poster design or
the creation of images for advertising.
Construction; a technique of joining together pieces of materials through welding, fitting, nailing etc.
Drawing; a representation on a flat surface with a variety of tools such as a pen paint brush or pencil
usually with an emphasis on line.
Engobe; a coloured opaque mixture of slip a mineral compounds, used to decorate ceramics before firing.
Grog; ground up pottery or coarse sand, added to clay to give it stiffness and strength.
Software; correction of computer programs associated with the computer.

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Statue; sculpture of a person or an animal that stands on its own.
Sculpture; art of making three dimensional artworks many materials and methods can be used.
Print; image made by pressing a pattern or design onto a surface; the design may be made by one of
many methods.
Three dimensional; referring to objects that can be measured in three ways to objects that have depth and
volume v
Two types of perspective; linear perspective and overlapping.
A tint; a colour which is added to
Motif; simple design small design
Performing; is the art of expressing feelings in drama, poetry and comedy.
Ceramics; the art of using clay to make usable and decorative items.
Dot; is the starting point of a line.
Line; is a path made by a moving point dot.
Spectrum; is a band of colours carried by white light.
If you mix two primary colours you get? ; Secondary colour
Two types of texture; visual texture and temporal texture
Name the special tray artist use to mix colours; pallete
Three principles of art and design; proportion, rhythm, balance.
List any two types of pattern, interlocking and repeating

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