Chapter 2
Chapter 2
Chapter 2
1. All expenses of an entity are classified as either distribution costs (selling expenses) or
administrative expenses under the function of expense method.
False
2. The only difference between the function of expense and the nature of expense methods
is the presentation of ‘’cost of goods sold’’ under the function of expenses method.
False
3. The main difference between the function and the nature of expense methods is the
segregation of operating and non-operating items under the function of expense method.
True
False
5. PAS1 requires an entity to provide additional disclosures when it uses the nature of
expense method.
False
1. PAS 1 does not require the presentation of which of the following financial statements?
a. Balance sheet
b. Notes
c. Income statement
a. According to PAS 1, ‘’cash and cash equivalents’’ shall always be presented as the first
line in the balance sheet.
b. The term ‘’balance sheet’’ may be used in lieu of the ‘’statement of financial position’’ and
the term ‘’income statement’’ may be used in lieu of the ‘’statement of profit or loss and other
comprehensive income’’.
c. An entity is prohibited from presenting extraordinary items in the financial statements but
may disclose those items in the notes.
d. An entity may present its income and expenses in a single statement or in two statements.
b. The difference between the return on plan assets and the interest on the plan assets.
b. The entity amends its retirement benefit plan resulting to a decrease in the present value
of defined benefit obligation.
d. A hedging relationship ceases and the entity transfers the related cumulative fair value
changes accumulated in equity to profit or loss.
d. All of these
6. An entity is required to present additional disclosures if the entity presents its expenses
using the
c. Either a or b
d. Neither a nor b
7. The records of Lunch Co. on December 31,20x1 show the following information:
Debit Credits
Sales 22,000,000
Purchases 5,600,000
Purchase returns 500,000
Freight in 400,000
Additional information:
Requirement (a):
Lunch Co.
Notes
Sales 22,000,000
Purchases 5,600,000
Freight in 400,000
PROBLEM 3: EXERCISE
1. The records of Dinner Co. on December 31, 20x1 show the following information:
Debits Credits
Sales 16,800,000
Purchases 6,800,000
Freight in 350,000
Additional information:
Requirements:
a. Prepare the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income of Dinner Co.
using the single statement presentation and the function of expense method. Make a
proper heading for the financial statement. Apply the general feature of ‘’materiality and
aggregation’’.
b. Make the additional disclosures for the breakdown of line items in the financial statement.
Make proper cross-referencing of those notes, use ‘’Note 12’’ as your first cross-reference.
ANSWER:
Requirement (a):
Dinner Co.
Notes
Sales 16,800,000
Requirement (b):
Purchases 6,800,000
Freight in 350,000
Total goods available for sale 8,770,000
Freight in 870,000
ACTIVITY 1
INSTRUCTIONS:
3. Answer the requirements INDIVIDULLY FIRST. Next, compare your answers with your
study partner. Discuss any differences between your answers. Agree on your final answer.
You will be graded as a couple based on your final answer. Happy answering.
The unadjusted trial balance of Best Friends Co. on December 31, 20x1 is shown below:
Debits Credits
Sales 22,800,000
Purchases 7,400,000
Freight in 320,000
Additional information:
a. The year-inventory count sheets show a total cost of inventory on hand of P 370,000. This
amount is not yet adjusted for the freight-in. Freight-in incurred evenly on gross purchases
during the period. Best Friends Co. uses the FIFO flow formula.
b. The net realize value (NRV) of the ending inventory is P 270,000. The difference between
the cost and the NRV is material to Best Friend Co.
c. No bad debts expense has yet been recognize. Best Friend Co. estimates its bad debts
based on 5% of ending receivable. Account receivable has an ending balance of
P 4,760,000. The balance of the allowance for bad debts account at the start of the year is P
280,000. Write-offs during the year totaled P 120,000 while recoveries totaled P 280,000.
Best Friend Co. presents bad debt expenses separately in the statement of profit or loss.
e. Best Friend Co. is subject to an income tax rate of 30% (Assume there are no temporary
differences. Assume items of other comprehensive income are already stated net of tax.)
Requirements:
b. Prepare the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income of Best Friend
CO. using the single statement presentation and the function of expense method. Make a
proper heading for the financial statement. Apply the concepts of PAS 1 and other PFRS on
the separate presentation of items.
ANSWER:
Requirement (a):
(386,000 – 270,000)
Inventory-end 116,000
280,000 beg.
Requirement (b):
Sales 22,800,000
ACTIVITY 2
INSTRUCTIONS:
3. Answer the requirements INDIVIDULLY FIRST. Next, compare your answers with your
study partner. Discuss any differences between your answers. Agree on your final answer.
You will be graded as a couple based on your final answer. Enjoy.
The unadjusted trial balance of Buddies Co. on December 31, 20x1 is shown below:
Debits Credits
Additional information:
a. On July 28, 20x1, Buddies Co. sold its investment in bonds measured at amortized cost
for P 1,000,000. Buddies incurred P 50,000 in broker’s commission on the sale. The carrying
amount of the investment as at the date of sale is P 800,000. Buddies inadvertently recorded
the transaction as a net debit to cash for P 950,000, and a credit to investment accounts for
P 950,000.
b. The year-end carrying amount of Buddies’ biological asserts is P 2,800,000. The year-end
fair value of the biological assets is P 2,640,000. Costs to sell the biological assets as year-
end are estimated at P 140,000.
c. On September 1, 20x1, Buddies Co. acquired 30% interests in Hangout Co. for P
8,000,000. The interest acquired gives Buddies significant influence over Hangout. Hangout
reported profit of P 1,000,000 and other comprehensive income of P 120,000 in 20x1.
Hangout declared P 300,000 dividends at year-end. The profit was earned evenly throughout
the year. Hangout‘s other comprehensive income consists of revaluation increase
recognized on November 1, 20x1.
Service 336,000
Net interest cost net in net defined benefit liability (asset) 252,000
e. Buddies Co. is subject to an income tax rate of 30% (Assume there are no temporary
differences. Assume items of other comprehensive income are already stated net of tax.)
Requirements:
a. Prepare the year-end adjusting/correcting/reclassification entries.
b. Prepare the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income Buddies Co.
using the single statement presentation and the nature of expense method. Make a proper
heading for the financial statement. Apply the concepts of PAS 1 and other PFRS on the
separate presentation of items.
ANSWER:
Requirement (a):
Requirement (b):
Buddies Co.
Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income
ACTIVITY 3
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. From a study group composed of three (3) members.
2. Hold hands together, close your eyes, take 5 deep breaths and imagine that you and your
group members are highly competent and very successful accountants.
3. Answer the requirements INDIVIDUALLY FIRST. Next, compare your answers with your
group members. Discuss any differences between your answers. Agree on your final
answer. You will be graded as a group based on your final answer.
PS: This activity uses the concept of ‘’Three heads are better than one’’. If one head in the
group is not working, please cut it off immediately before it affects the other heads….but do it
gently with mercy and compassion. Have fun.
The unadjusted trial balance of Colleagues Co. on December 31, 20x1 is shown below.
Debits
Credits
Inventories 2,300,000
Land 1,600,000
Building 4,500,000
Equipment 1,400,000
Patent 900,000
Accumulated amortization –
Sales 16,800,000
a. The amount of cash in bank shown on the trial balance is the general ledger amount.
Deposits in transit and outstanding checks on December 31, 20x1 are P 1,000,000 and
P 800,000, respectively. The money market placements are acquired three months before
their scheduled maturity date.
b. The investments in equity securities measured at FVOCI are acquired during the year and
are stated at year-end fair value.
c. The amount of inventories shown on the trial balance is derived from the year-end
physical count. Not included in the count is an unrecorded in-transit shipment of inventories
costing P 200,000 purchased FOB shipping point. The entity uses a perpetual inventory
system.
d. The ‘’Land and building’’ account pertains to property being rented out to various tenants.
This property is measured at fair value. The fair value of this property at year-end is P
2,900,000.
e. The building, which is one year old at the start of the year, is being depreciated under the
double declining balance method. The building has a residual value of P 150,000.
f. The equipment, which is also one year old at the start of the year, has useful life of 5 years
and residual value of P 200,000. Depreciated for the current year is not yet recognized. All
depreciation expenses pertain to administration.
g. The patent is acquired on July 1, 20x1. The previous owner of the patent has held it for
five years prior to Colleagues’ acquisition. Colleague’s estimate of the useful life of the
patent is 17 years from acquisition date. Assume patent amortization is charged to
administrative expenses.
h. The loans payable account consists of a 12%, bank loan, taken on January 1, 20x1 to
finance the production of custom-built machinery that is held as inventory. It takes a
substantial period on time to get the inventory ready for its intended condition for sale and it
is not routinely manufactured or mass produced. The production started on January 1 and
was substantially completed on December 31, 20x1. The total production cost is P
1,800,000, incurred evenly during the year. The loan matures 5 equal annual installments
beginning January 1, 20x2. Interests are also due every year. The inventory is on hand at
year-end.
i. The bonds payable are issued on January 1, 20x1 at a yield to maturity interest of 14%.
Colleagues recorded the bond issue as debit to cash in bank and credit to bonds payable at
face amount. The face rate on the bonds is 10%. The bonds mature in lump sum on January
1, 20x5; however, interests are due annually every January 1.
j. Utility bills in December 20x1 amounting to P 360,000 were paid on January 20x2. This is
not reflected on the trial balance. One- half of the utilities pertain to the sales department; the
other half to administration.
k. The quarterly income taxes paid during the year are debited to the ‘’Current tax asset’’
account. The income tax rate is 30%. (Assume there are no temporary differences during
year.)
Requirements:
c. Prepare the statement profit or loss and other comprehensive income of using the two-
statement presentation and the function of expense method. Make proper headings for the
financial statements. Apply the concepts of PAS 1 and other PFRSs on the separate
presentation of items.
d. Prepare notes showing the breakdown of line items in the financial statements. Make
proper cross-referencing of those notes; use ‘’Note 4’’ as your first cross-reference in the
statement of financial position.
ANSWER:
Requirement (a):
(a) No entry
(DIT and OC are bank reconciling item:
(b) No Entry
(1)
Double declining balance rate = (450,000 + 4,500,000)10%
Using trial and error, the depreciation method used for the equipment is the SYD method.
(2)
Proof:
(4)
The borrowing costs eligible for capitalization are computed as follows:
Cash 932,392
(5)
The issue price of the bonds is computed as follows:
7,076,608
(6)
Partial amortization table:
expense value
1/1/x1 7,067,608
Adjustment -
Capitalized b. costs
(h) (108,000)
Total 132,000
Requirement (b):
Colleagues Co.
Assets Note
Inventories 2,608,000
Noncurrent assets:
Current liabilities:
Noncurrent liabilities:
Bonds payable 12
7,257,073
Equity:
(1)
Retained earnings unadjusted bal. 4,544,000 + adjusted profit after tax 1,679,675 =
6,223,675
Requirement (c):
Colleagues Co.
Notes
Sales 16,800,000
Colleagues Co.
Notes
Requirement (d):
Land 1,600,000
Building 4,500,000
Patent 900,000
Amortization expense
30,000
2. According to PAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements, an entity shall present all items
of income and expense recognized in period:
d. a or b
c. a or b
d. none of these
4. Which of the following is not one of the components of other comprehensive income?
b. remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset) unrealized gains and losses on
FVPL
c. transaction gains and losses on foreign operation
d. effective portion of gains and losses on hedging instruments in a cash flow hedge.
a. assets and expenses reclassified to other asset accounts in the current period
b. amounts reclassified to other comprehensive income in the current period that were
recognized in the profit or loss in the current or previous periods
c. amounts reclassified to profit or loss in the current period that were recognized in other
comprehensive income in the current or previous periods
d. a and b
c. a or b
d. a or b
a. revaluation surplus and remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset) only
a. is prohibited on the face of the financial statements but is permitted in the notes
b. is prohibited on both the face of the financial statements and in the notes
10. Additional disclosure is required when expenses are presented under the
c. a or b
1. During 20x3, ‘’other revenues and gains’’ section of Totman Company’s Statement of
Earnings and Comprehensive Income contains P 5,000 in interest revenue, P 15,000 equity
in Harpo Co. earnings, and P 60,000 total gain on sale of foreign operations. The total gain
on sale of foreign operations includes P 25,000 reclassification adjustment for cumulative
translation gain. Assuming the reclassification adjustment relating to the sale of the foreign
operation increased the current portion of income tax expense by P 10,000, determine the
net of tax amount of Totman’s reclassification adjustment to other comprehensive income.
a. 5,000
b. 2,500
c. 35,000
d. 15,000
(AICPA)
SOLUTION: 25,000 gross of tax - 10,000 tax effect = 15,000 net of tax reclassification
adjustment
2. A company buys ten shares of securities at ₱2,000 each in December 31, 20x1. The
comprehensive income (FVOCI). The fair value of the securities increases to ₱2,500 on
December 31, 20x2, and to ₱2,750 on December 31, 20x3. On December 31, 20x3, the
company sells the securities. Assume no dividends are paid and that the company has a tax
rate of 30%. What is the amount of the reclassification adjustment for other comprehensive
a. 0
b. (7,500)
c. 5,250
d. (5,250)
(Adapted
a. 173,000
b. 178,000
c. 179,000
d. 181,000
(Adapted
SOLUTION:
4. Clark Co.'s advertising expense account had a balance of ₱146,000 at December 31,
20x3, before any necessary year-end adjustment relating to the following:
Included in the ₱146,000 is the ₱15,000 cost of printing catalogs for a sales
promotional campaign in January 20x4.
What amount should Clark report as advertising expense in its income statement for the year
ended December 31, 20x3?
a. 122,000
b. 131,000
c. 140,000
d. 155,000
SOLUTION:
5. In Yew Co.'s 20x5 annual report, Yew described its social awareness expenditures during
the year as follows:
"The Company contributed ₱250,000 in cash to youth and educational programs. The
Company also gave ₱140,000 to health and human-services organizations, of which
₱80,000 was contributed by employees through payroll deductions. In environment, the
Company spends ₱100,000 to redesign product packaging."
What amount of the above should be included in Yew's income statement as charitable
contributions expense?
a. 310,000
b. 390,000
c. 410,000
d. 490,000
(AICPA)
Vane Co.'s trial balance of income statement accounts for the year ended December 31,
20x1, included the following:
Debit Credit
Sales 575,000
Cost of sales 240,000
Administrative expenses 70,000
Loss on sale of equipment 10,000
Sales commission 50,000
Interest revenue 25,000
Freight out 15,000
Loss in early retirement of long-term debt 20,000
Uncollectible accounts expense 15,000
Totals 420,000 600,000
Other information:
January 1, 20x1.........................................₱400,000
Vane's income tax rate is 30%. In Vane's 20x1 multiple step income statement,
SOLUTION:
a. 200,000
b. 215,000
c. 280,000
d. 295,000
(AICPA)
SOLUTION:
Finished goods
Jan. 1 400,000
360,000 Dec, 31
7. What amount should Vane report as income after income taxes from continuing
operations?
a.126,000
b. 129,500
c. 140,000
d. 147,000
(AICPA)
SOLUTION: 600,000 total credit in trial balance -420,000 total debit= 180,000 profit before
tax x 70% net of income tax rate = 126,000 profit after tax
8. Brock Corp. reports operating expenses in two categories: (1) selling, and (2) general and
administrative. The adjusted trial balance at December 31, 20x1, included the following
expense and loss accounts:
Advertising 150,000
Freight-out 80,000
Interest 70,000
a. 480,000
b. 400,000
c. 370,000
d. 360,000
(AICPA)
SOLUTION:
Advertising 150,000
Freight-in 80,000
9. The following costs were incurred by Griff Co., a manufacturer, during 20x1:
Freight-in 175,000
What amount of these costs should be reported as general and administrative expenses for
20x1?
a. 260,000
b. 550,000
c. 635,000
d. 810,000
(AICPA)
SOLUTION:
Insurance 85,000