The Brain Parts Functions and Societal Relationship
The Brain Parts Functions and Societal Relationship
The Brain Parts Functions and Societal Relationship
Personal
Development
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
The Brain: Parts, Function &
Societal Relationship
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Personal
Development
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
The Brain: Parts, Function &
Societal Relationship
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what
you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in
various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery
in achieving the learning competency.
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lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
The brain plays an important role in our consciousness. It is the center of our
being, which makes us who we are, what we are as an existential being. After
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all every system in our body are interconnected from our brain (the nervous
system). The ANS and CNS are mainly responsible for the other systems
function well, just like the heart, our skin, our response to hunger and love,
etc. This module was designed and written with you in mind; to understand
and study the underlying concept of the brain, its parts and function, as well
as, its relationship to its body and eventually to others.
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
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D. nerve cells
4. Opiate-like substance in the brain
A. Dopamine
B. Endorphin
C. Serotonin
D. Addictive cell
5. Chemicals that make it possible for neurons to communicate A.
Neurotransmitters
B. The Heart Organ
C. Hormones
D. Dopamine
6. Hormone closely associated with emotional excitement A. Estrogen
B. Epinephrine
C. Dopamine
D. The glial cell
7. Which of the following does not belong to the group? A. Cell Body
B. Myelin Sheath
C. Axon
D. Endorphine
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Lesson
The Brain: Parts, Function
1 & Societal Relationship
Our brain is one of the most complex parts of the body that is very much
attributed to the consciousness of the very uniqueness of the self. Studies in
the brain in field of Neuroscience, is a challenging subject course that gives
emphasis on the role of the brain in our everyday function in the society.
Especially, in this pandemic times, the ability to cope and handle challenging
situations, also call for the strength of the mind to withstand any stressful
predicament that we face. After all, our brain is a temple for the consciousness
to linger, without a house for the consciousness to think and act, we become
ordinary animal beings, the only consideration that we separated ourselves
from them.
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What’s In
1. Do you think the nurse did make the right choice? Explain.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. According to the research done in neuropsychology, biopsychology and
psychiatry, usually people with brain damage usually do not know what
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they are doing. In the article given, do you think the nurse has contacted
brain damage to render herself to decide unfairly of her demise? Explain.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. If you are in the position of the nurse, as a front liner, would you also do
the same, as retribution for your mistake? Why? Why not?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Why do you think stress can affect the brain’s function to perceive and
handle problems, especially in traumatic experiences?
Narrative Discussion…
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What’s New
Instruction: Read the two paragraphs below. After reading, make a simple
reflection about what you have read.
-
-
- Source: Wikimedia
My Reflection…
What is It
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The Nervous System
The nervous system can be likened to complex system, a network strands connected
to every fiber or part of the body.
And this system mostly run,
just like in the circulatory
system, blood cells and the like,
the nervous system has a nerve
cells or neurons. This neurons
conducts electromagnetic
signal; and are the basic unit of
the nervous system; and they
are held in place by glial cells
(from the greek word, “glue”),
which also provide them with
nutrients, insulate them, and
remove cellular “debris” when
they die. Neurons are
communication cells. They
transmit information to, from or
inside of the central nervous
system, and are often called the building blocks of the nervous system. The structure
of a simple neuron differs in every region of the brain, and it differs also in main
function. But the simple neuron has its three (3) major basic structure namely, cell
body, dendrites, and axon.
The Cell Body is shaped roughly like a sphere or a pyramid. It contains the
biochemical machinery for keeping the neuron alive. It is responsible in the
transmission of messages to other neurons.
The Brain
The storage of our memories, the seat of our intelligence (Davis, 1984) and you may
not know it, it is also where our emotions are found (Darwin, 1872; James & Lange,
1884; Cannon & Bard, 1900; Papez, 1937; Macchi, 1989). The brain’s structure is
also as complicated as its counterpart on moving the body itself. In this term, we are
also speaking on how we should feel, elicit emotion, act towards an emergency, our
brain plays an important role in our thoughts, behavior and feelings. The brain have
three (3) main sections divided: Hindbrain, Midbrain and Forebrain. The reflexive
or autonomic behavior is controlled by the Hindbrain and Midbrain. The complex
behavior of the individual belongs to controlled area of the Forebrain.
This part of the brain starts at the base of the skull and the
brain stem. It is the region of the brain in which the medulla
oblongata, pons and cerebellum. The Hindbrain coordinates
functions that are fundamental to survival, including
respiratory rhythm, motor activity, sleep and wakefulness.
Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
Source: Wikimedia
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The Forebrain (derived from the developmental
prosencephalon) which contain the entire
cerebrum and several structures directly
nestled within it - the
thalamus, hypothalamus, the pineal
gland and the limbic system. This area of the
brain plays a central role in the processing of
information related to complex cognitive
activities, sensory and associative functions,
and voluntary motor activities. Included in this
region is the visible area, the cerebrum; and
this cerebrum is divided into two parts or most
popularly known for the two major division of
the brain, cerebral hemispheres (Michel et.
al., 2020; MacNeilage,
2013). When you picture the iconic shape of the
human brain, the majority of what’s visible is the cerebrum with its wrinkly, pinkish-
grey outer appearance. It makes up around 85% of the brain and consists primarily
of grey matter, divided into two hemispheres.
These also provided proof that there is no truth that some people use one brain
hemisphere more than the other depending on their personality. Some functions may
be specialized in a particular cerebral hemisphere, but the truth is that we use both
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hemispheres equally. Even though one hemisphere is specific for a function. The
truth on the matter is that the continuous communication of both hemispheres
works far better. Even, the theory that the establishment of creativity is strictly for
the right-brained or the right hemisphere, on the contrary, there is no specific
evidence to really establish this theory. Creativity is a complex process. According to
a study, creative thinking does not seem to depend on a single mental process or the
brain region. Nor is it particularly associated with the right brain, attention, low level
of activation or synchronization with the alpha waves emitted by the brain (Cerdan,
2017).
A psychologist by the name of Roger W. Sperry was responsible for the theory of the
right and left brain dominance. Sperry and his colleagues showed that perception
and memory had been profoundly affected, just as they had been in earlier animal
research. In 198, Sperry received a Nobel Prize for his work.
Function Left Brain Hemisphere Right Brain Hemisphere
Functions Speech and Language, Intuition
Mathematical Computation, Rational Spatial Awareness
reasoning, Logical Analysis Music Creativity
Facial recognition
Art
Rhythm
Personality Logical Artistic
Attention to details Creative
Analytical Open-minded
Traits Rational decision making Random thoughts
Linear thinking Non-verbal processing
Reality-oriented Holistic Thinking
Fantasy-oriented
Thought Verbal and Sequential Non-verbal random thoughts
Process
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Problem- Solve the problem in the most logical way Solve problems in the most intuitive way
Solving ability
Overall Detail - Oriented Holistic Approach
Thinking
Strengths Language both verbal and written Arts Music Coordinating Multi-dimensional
Mathematics and analytics thinking
Sequencing Remembering a place, face or events
Reading
Writing, Spelling
Difficulties Visualization Organizing a huge body of information
Abstract thinking Difficulty in following a sequence
Remembering names
Parts of the It controls the right side of the body It controls the left side of the body
body being
controlled
Effects on the Not able to understand both spoken and Visual perception is impaired
body when written words Can’t see or perceived things on the left side
damaged Can’t see or perceive things on the right
of the body
side of the body Slow movements Short attention span
Poor decision making
Slow learning process
Impulsiveness
Source: https://human-memory.net/left-and-right-hemisphere-of-the-brain/
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