PRELIM – APMPC

MODULE 1 A350 FINAL ASSEMBLY LINE - @ TOULOUSE, FRANCE

5 Factors of Aircraft Production – Regulation, Financial 1. Arrival Section – Europe -> France
Capability, Environmental Impact, Purpose, Safety 2. Station 59
o pre-install fuselage modules (fitted with
 Regulation – it must comply with the correct process
cabin monuments – galley, bathroom, bars;
or standards of the regulating bodies (CAAP, FAA,
outfitting processes – lines, hydraulics)
EASA)
3. Station 50
o Structural fuselage join-up
 Financial Capability – consider costs for research,
o Nose Landing Gear
design and testing (before applied and approved for
4. Station 40
production)
o Attach wings, painted HT, VT, tail cone and
 Purpose – is it commercial? Military? Long haul? Main Landing Gear to fuselage.
Short haul? Domestic? Int’l? o Finalize wiring and insulation
o 1st Electrical Power-On.
 Environment Impact – produce a/c that has less 5. Station 30
carbon emission. Makes use of eco-friendly materials o Cabin Customization
o Quality Check
 Safety- produce a/c that can withstand Brid strikes, o Indoor Ground Test
thunderstorms, turbulence, human error. Can always o Processed together with Airlog Center
revert to safe condition. 6. Station 18
o Outdoor Ground Test
Troposphere – where a/c fly. 7. Painting
8. Station 20
Aircraft Production
o Engine Installation
- method of complying with the demanding o Cockpit Furnishing
requirements to produce a/c that is safe and reliable
to fly. AEROSPACE PRODUCTS

Final Assembly Line (FAL) Civil Aircraft

- join major structures and components, systems and - General Aviation – not tied to military, large airline,
test a/c. air-cargo. (Light plane, acrobatic, helicopter with low
- ensure adaptation with demand and competitiveness take-off weight, private plane)
sa production.
- Heavy Commercial – commercial transports

Military Aircraft - Fighters, bombers for defense.

DECK MANUFACTURING VS ASSEMBLY LINE PROCESS
Helicopters - Combat and transport
Deck Manufacturing Assembly Line Process
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) – drones
conventional method effective, increase
efficiency and productivity
done at a single place
AIRLINE COMPLIANCE
minimized movement.
binubuo piece per piece Workers have their own job  International Civil Aviation Organization
specification (ICAO)
o Specialized Agency of UN during Chicago
done per station, pasa pasa
Convention
ng product o Purpose: Magkaron ng standardization
o The develop standards and recommendation
practices (not mandatory, but basis only)

 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

o Agency of US (Boeing)
o Regulates civil aviation in US
 air traffic management
  certification of personnel and a/c - Approval for the production of many a/c, as long
 setting standards for facilities as it satisfies the Design.

 European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Airworthiness Certificate

o Agency of European Union (Airbus) - Issued per aircraft (by regulatory bodies),
o Has a responsibility for civil aviation safety complied by operators.
 Certification, Regulation
Standardization TYPE CERTIFICATION PROCESS
 Investigation and monitoring 1. Technical Overview and Certification Basis
o Took over JAA. - The project is presented by the designer to the
Primary Certificating Authority (PCA)
 Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines - The set of rules that will apply for the certification
(CAAP) – RA 9497 are established
o Authority here in the PH. 2. Certification Programme
o Implements civil aviation policies, investigates - Designer and PCA nag-aaggree na to demonstrate
accidents compliance with the requirement of Certification
Basis
3. Compliance Demonstration
ICAO Annex 8: Airworthiness of Aircraft - Demonstration na mismo. Ground and flight
- procedures for certifications and technical testing.
requirements 4. Technical closure and Type Certificate issue
- 5700 kg max certified take off mass - Inissue na ang Type Certificate if satisfied
Civil Aviation Regulations Part 5 Airworthiness - EASA will validate FAA cert of US designed A/C or
FAR Part 21 - Certification Procedures for Products vice versa.
and Parts - Under Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement
EASA Part 21 – Certification of aircraft and related
products, parts, and appliances, and of design and MODULE 2
production organizations TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
 Line Maintenance
CERTIFICATES - Performed outside hangar under open skies.
- Save A/C company some time, less cost, mas mabilis
Type Certificate ang procedure.
- Document issued by regulatory body (EASA) o No need to wait ng slot sa MRO.
o No need to have specific team to perform
to applicant that demonstrated the compliance for
procedure.
the design
- Available from time to time.
- States that the company complied with the design
- But pili lang ang task na kayang iperform sa Line
applicable
Maintenance (Minor procedures only)
Restricted Type Certificate
 Base Maintenance
- Inaaply ng company if the design is - Performed within the hangar.
inappropriate sa available type certificate - Involves aircraft from removal of service
- Like if may bagong design - More than a day to 30 days
- Involves heavier task, time consuming task, structural
Supplemental Type Certificate work, corrosion prevention, placement of major
components, changes in cabin interior.
- Issued with type certificate but wishes to modify
or make alteration with the product  Component Maintenance
- Working on specific detached parts or special parts na
Provisional Type Certificate
need mainspect
- Design approval. - Follows the CMManual – identify the tasks need for
- With time and operational limitation the component, procedures to restore sa serviceable
- For new inventions, para ma-test state.
- May specialist company dealing with specific parts like
Production Type Certificate propeller, engine or other parts.
- Sa malalaking airlines (DELTA) they have
- Issued by regulatory body (FAA, EASA) to the maintenance program available sa company even ung
manufacturer component maintenance.
Maintenance Program

- document that contains maintenance tasks required INITIAL MAINTENANCE PROPOSAL

para ma-ensure ng company ang continuous 1. Airworthiness Limitations (AWL)
airworthiness ng fleet, and mamaintain ang safety - Approved Regulatory (maintenance and inspection.
and reliability ng a/c Replacement) that came from local regulatory
authority.
- Includes overhaul inspection, alteration and repair. o From US- galling sa FAA. If operating sa PH,
then from CAAP
- Obtain performance info of aircraft para magamit sa
design improvement 2. Certification Maintenance Requirements (CMR)
- Established periodic tasks during the Type
- Primary goal: save minimum total cost for the Certification.
maintenance and specific failure of aircraft.
- Operation limitation na prinovide ng manufacturer
- Masmakakatipid on preventing something to happen during the time when they are is processing the TC sa
than magkasira local authority nila.

- Manufacturer’s recommendations are adapted

para mas madali 3. Maintenance Significant Items (MSI)
- Ung mga failure ng item can have effect sa other
- Altered program must be approved by the parts or other system that can lead to safety failure.
manufacturer

Maintenance Review Board Report 4. Structurally Signification Items

- Led by the local aviation authority - From the structure, any detail or assembly which can
contribute sa failure ng structural integrity of aircraft.
- naka specify yung initial minimum scheduled
maintenance requirements, which shall be applied sa
maintenance development ng isang program. CAMO – Continuing Airworthiness Management
Organization
- MSG-3 Analysis: Maintenance Steering Group-3 - Acquired from (….)
(develop maintenance interval)
FLIGHT HOURS vs FLIGHT CYCLE
Maintenance Review Board Report Framework Flight Hours – hours na in-flight ang a/c
Flight Cycle – per lipad ng a/c
- Irerequire ng airworthiness authorities ang aircraft
manufacturer na iimplement or comply ang initial Why focus sa flight cycle?
minimum scheduled maintenance requirements; then
idedevelop din ng air carriers into their own - A/c ages per flight cycle (bec of pressurization)
maintenance program. - Connected with the structural integrity.
- When pressurized in-flight, the structure (skin and
Maintenance Planning Documents system) expands; then babalik sa original state kapag
- provided by aircraft manufacturers to describe tinanggal na ang pressure when landing.
the repetitive tasks (scheduled maintenance - Mgakakaron ng fatigue cracks bec of the stress of
requirements, MRB requirements) that are required to constant back and forth movement ng skin.
maintain their aircraft.
- Was only realized because of the ALOHA AIRLINE
FLIGHT 243-1988 accident.
Maintenance Planning Document o Boeing 737 accident in Hawaii (tropical
= Maintenance Review Board Report + Certification country, short flights) – bubong got ripped
Maintenance Requirements + Airworthiness Limitation. off.
o Metal structure broke down bec of fatigue
cracks sa gap ng epoxy na nakabaliot sa rivet
because of the constant movement of skin
from pressurization. Bec it is tropical country,
nagkaron ng water content in between, then
corrosion.
Corrosion Prevention and Control Program (CPCP) Service Bulletin Vs. Airworthiness Directives
- It puts emphasis on preventing and controlling
corrosion on primary structure. Service Bulletin – Manufacturer -> Operator
- Iniidentify ang specific structure na prone sa corrosion - Notice informing that the products need
Like lump joints ng fuselage. May spacing sya that improvement, change that is believed to have unsafe
can accumulate moisture. condition. (Mandatory, Recommended, Informational)

Principal Structure Element (PSE) – details na need Airworthiness Directives

masama sa CPCP - Notification to the operators that there is a known
safety deficiency that MUST be corrected.
- Mandatory requirement that must be complied.
CLASSIFICATION OF CORROSION DEFECTS
 Level 1
o damage occurs between inspection, but still
can be reworked within the allowable limit

 Level 2
o damage that requires rework or blend out
since exceeds the manufacturer’s allowable
limit. But can be replaced and repaired.

 Level 3
o potential airworthiness concern. Need
expedite ang repair or replace of part. Need
to be reported din sa local authority.

Supplemental Structural Inspection Program (SSIP)

- requirement for structures cracking, corrosion.

- Addition sa structural inspection program available sa

specific a/c

- Pinoprovide ni manufacture incase may requirement

for that part na need tutukan ng concern.

- Nagkaron ng mandate to be implemented sa a/c that

is damaged tolerance and aging.

Supplemental Structural Inspection Document (SSID)

- Contains recommendations fro the inspection
procedures for safe operation of a/c up to LOV – Limit
of Validity