UNIT 5: Inventions

5A. Pronunciation
• Stress in three-syllable nouns
I. Write the three-syllable nouns below in the correct part, according to the stress pattern.
invention scientist designer decision engineer
century computer advantage submarine memory
convenience internet absentee appliance benefit
mechanic instruction equipment maintenance livelihood
Ooo oOo ooO

II. Read the following sentences. Underline the three-syllable nouns. Put a mark (') before the
stressed syllable.
1. The computer is certainly one of the greatest inventions.
2. I’ve used my laptop for researching topics on the Internet and typing my assignments.
3. A digital camera has a lot of benefits and it is also portable.
4. Those scientists had brilliant ideas for the invention of new medicines.
5. Customers should read the instructions before using the appliance.
6. The maintenance engineers have always satisfied the needs of customers.

5 B. Vocabulary
• Words and phrases related to inventions
I. Match the verbs (1-5) to human achievements (A-F), and write the answer in each blank.
There is an extra achievement.
1. discover ______ A. a gold medal / the world cup / a Nobel prize
2. invent / develop ______ B. money for / to charity
3. raise / donate ______ C. a planet / a cure for a disease
4. win ______ D. the winner / the priority / the name
5. decide on ______ E. great speeches
______ F. a machine / theory / system
II. Complete the sentences with the words given.
device inventor convenient book educational
economical processor generous communication inventions
1. My dad offered to buy me a new laptop, which was very _____________ of him.
2. We have a very _____________ air-conditioning system, and we don’t pay much money.
3. There were displays of new _____________ in the exhibition halls.
4. Marconi was the _____________ of the radio.
5. Satellites are used to develop global _____________ .
6. The iPad is a mobile computing _____________ , not a computer.
7. It is cheaper if you _____________ your train tickets in advance.
8. The school offers a wide range of _____________ and sporting activities.
9. This is a safe and _____________ way to dispose of chemicals.
10. With suitable software you can use your computer as a word _____________ .
III. Complete the sentences with the words given.
invention device effective sources tool
inspiration robots numerous operation intelligence
1. Our country’s success is a source of _____________ for many developing nations.
2. Nature always provides great _____________ of ideas for our inventions.
3. Do you agree that necessity is the mother of _____________ ? When we have a problem, we’ll try
to think of a solution to it.
4. The computer is now a very important _____________ for our study.
5. This _____________ enables deaf people to communicate by typing messages instead of speaking.
6. He has won _____________ awards for the invention.
7. John showed high _____________ from an early age.
8. _____________ fulfil many dull and tedious jobs on the production line.
9. The company launched a(n) _____________ advertising campaign on a new version of electric cars.
10. The device has a single button, allowing for easy _____________ .
IV. Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.
1. A team of engineers are testing turbines that can turn tides _____________ usable energy.
2. That type of alternative energy is a good choice _____________ our project.
3. Everyone has something to contribute _____________ life.
4. That fabric is useful _____________ protecting workers in hard conditions.
5. The idea _____________ the machine came _____________ his observation of the animals’
behaviour.
6. His main means _____________ communicating _____________ the rest of the world is a laptop.
7. He’s looking forward to getting the benefits _____________ all his hard work.
8. Many patients are dependent _____________ the discovery of antibiotics.
9. Parents sometimes find it difficult to communicate _____________ their teenage children.
10. We’re still trying to decide _____________ the venue of the introductory ceremony of the new
products.
V. Fill in each blank of the passage with the correct word/phrase below.
due to transitions glass handle inspired
factor necessity manufacture ride aspects
Flying cars
Most of you might have seen some movies like “The Fifth Element”, read any books or even
heard it from someone about flying cars. The 1_____________ of a flying car, or more appropriately
said “readable aircrafts”, needs a heavy attention on both of the 2_____________ that it has to run on a
standard road as well as fly in the sky without a smallest problem and with fewer number of
3
_____________ from a car to an aircraft.
The factors that 4_____________ most of the people and automotive companies to think about the
concept of a car which can fly too, came firstly from the original Flying Car, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang,
which was used as a movie and stage prop. Chitty Chitty Bang Bang’s Flying car version mainly
caught the attention due to its toughness 5_____________ . It was built strong enough to
6
_____________ dirt roads, cobblestone streets and could jump off a couple of stairs too!
 The features included in a fully working flying car are well
enough to take care of both air and street 7_____________ .
Special tires are being used for the car 8_____________
their ultra-lightness which will not weigh down the aircraft.
Panes made of poly-carbonate material are used instead of
heavy 9_____________ windows giving the car a relief in
its weight and shatterproof strength.
One may say that the flying car is going to be a luxury
rather than being a 10________________.

VI. Use the correct form of the words in brackets to finish the sentences.
1. In 2019, the International Telecommunications Union specified a set of ___________ for the fifth
generation (4G) standards, (require)
2. Apple’s new iPad Pro is aimed at enterprises as a(n) ___________ for computers, (replace)
3. Apple iPad succeeded in capturing the public’s ___________, and started a new trend, (imagine)
4. When scientists discovered genetic engineering, they considered it their greatest ___________.
(achieve)
5. Hybrid cars are better for the environment than ___________ cars, (tradition)
6. Edison said, “Genius is one percent ___________ and ninety-nine percent ___________!” (inspire
- perspire)
7. In the early 20th century, Nikola Tesla invented his own engine with high fuel ___________ in
turbine style using smooth discs, (efficient)
8. The invention of the electric rice ___________ in 1940 by Mitsubishi Electric makes it possible to
have the perfectly cooked rice for sushi, (cook)
VII. Choose the correct words in the sentences.
1. The iPod - together with Apple’s iTunes software - was the science / technique / technology that
really transformed the way people listened to music.
2. Firefox was the first web browser / machine / searcher to challenge the dominance of Microsoft’s
Internet Explorer.
3. Skype made it possible to speak to your family - and even video file / app / chat - for free over Wi-
Fi.
4. Today Facebook connects over 1.7 billion people worldwide, with accounts / users / profiles from
various backgrounds, nationalities, and ages.
5. The Amazon Kindle was not the first e-book reader / newsreader / best-seller on the market, nor
the most elegant when it launched in 2007.
6. Flappy Bird, in which users have to steer a bird between green pipes, has become one of the most
downloaded mobile games on both Apple and Google’s mobile / online / automatic stores.

5C. Grammar
• Present perfect
I. Rewrite the sentences so that they mean the same. Use the present perfect of the verb in
brackets and for or since.
1. I bought these jeans two months ago. (have)
I______________________________________________________________________________.
2. It last rained in September, (not rain)
It_____________________________________________________________________________.
3. Mr. Thanh started working here six months ago. (work)
Mr. Thanh______________________________________________________________________.
4. We moved into this house last summer, (live)
We____________________________________________________________________________.
5. Hoa started learning the piano when she was seven, (play)
Hoa___________________________________________________________________________.
6. They stopped eating meat a long time ago. (not eat)
They __________________________________________________________________________.
7. Nick met Phong four years ago. (know)
Nick___________________________________________________________________________.
II. Choose the best verb form to complete each of the following sentences.
1. “Where’s Tony?” “He _______ to the travel agent’s, and he hasn’t come back.”
A. has been B. has been going C. has gone D. had gone
2. We think they _______ all that is necessary.
A. have done B. doing C. had done D. would do
3. I’d like to see that football match because I _______ one this year.
A. don’t see B. can’t see C. hardly see D. haven’t seen
4. I can’t believe that you _______ all the three exercises. You just started five minutes ago.
A. have finished B. have been finishing C. finished D. are finishing
5. Up to now, the discount _______ to children under ten years old.
A. has only applied B. only applies C. was only applied D. only applied
6. Tom often watches TV after his parents _______ to bed.
A. had gone B. have gone C. go D. went
7. Their children _______ lots of new friends since they _______ to that town.
A. have made - moved B. were making – have moved
C. made - are moving D. made - have been moving
8. Jane is a wonderful singer. Her mother tells me that she _______ professionally since she was four.
A. has been sung B. was singing C. is singing D. has been singing
9. He _______ off alone a month ago, and _______ of since.
A. set - hasn’t been heard B. was setting - hasn’t heard
C. set - hasn’t heard D. was setting - hadn’t been heard
10. None of the students _______ to class yet.
A. are coming B. hadn’t come C. haven’t come D. have come
III. Complete the dialogues with the past simple or present perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
1. A: Nick ___________ (invite) me to his party yesterday. Are you going?
B: He ___________ (not ask) me yet.
2. A: ___________ you ___________ (write) to your brother yet?
B: Yes, I ___________ (email) him last night.
3. A: I ___________ (never be) to Hoi An.
B: I have. I ___________ (go) there two years ago. It’s a very nice city.
4. A: My parents ___________ (recently start) their own business.
B: Really? When ___________ it ___________ (open)?
5. A: ___________ your sister ___________ (take) her exams yet?
B: Yes. She ___________ (get) her results yesterday.
IV. Complete the phone dialogue with the present perfect form of the verbs in brackets and
short answers.
Mai Hello, Mai speaking.
Jack Hi, Mai. It’s Jack. I’m phoning from London.
Mai Hi, Jack. It’s great to hear from you. So, you 1 ___________ (find) your mobile!
Jack Actually, no. I2 _________ (buy) a new one, but my number 3 __________ (not change).
Mai Well, we 4 __________ (not speak) for ages. 5 __________ (you / find) somewhere to live yet?
Jack No, I 6 ___________, but I7 ___________ (just look) at a beautiful flat near the Thames.
Mai Are you going to live there?
Jack I8 __________ (not decide) yet. I can’t really afford it.
Mai 9 __________ (you / start) work?
Jack Yes, I 10 __________ . I 11 __________ (give) about twenty lessons, but the school 12
__________ (not pay) me yet.

• Gerunds and to-infinitives

V. Choose the correct words.
1. I always enjoy chatting / to chat on the internet with my friends.
2. Eating / To eat healthy food is good for you.
3. We went to the cinema last night seeing / to see the new science fiction film.
4. Tom intends arriving / to arrive on time for school from now on.
5. My favourite activity is playing / play football with my friends.
6. We need taking / to take some sandwiches for the trip tomorrow.
7. I don’t want wasting / to waste time today. I’m too busy.
8. I regret wasting / to waste so much time watching TV.
VI. Complete the text with the gerund or infinitive form of the verb in brackets.
Exam worries? How to study successfully
Don’t put off ___________ (revise) until the last minute. We recommend 2 ___________ (start)
1

early. 3___________ (study) for hours can be tiring. Avoid 4 ___________ (sit) for too long. Aim 5
___________ (work) every day, but not all day.
You need 6 ___________ (take) regular breaks. When you’re really bored of 7___________ (learn)
about a particular subject, we suggest 8 ___________ (look) at something different.
It helps 9 ___________ (sit) in a quiet place. 10 ___________ (listen) to loud music can be distracting.
If you don’t understand something in your revision, you can phone a friend 11___________ (talk) about
it.
When you’ve finished, spend time 12 ___________ (relax).
VII. Complete the sentences using the gerund or infinitive form of the verbs below.
worry visit swim sell buy introduce
1. The government wants ___________ a new law on mobile phones.
2. ___________ is good for your health. We often go to our local pool.
3. My dad is passionate about art. He’s going ___________ Ha Noi next month just to see one famous
painting.
4. Anna tends ___________ about the future.
5. Do you regret ___________ you motorbike?
6. That film star wants ___________ his own island.
VIII. Complete the sentences. Use the infinitive or -ing form of the verbs below.
talk be buy make lend pass send watch
1. My grandparents offered ___________ me a computer, which was very generous of them.
2. If you suffer from claustrophobia, you can’t stand ___________ in small spaces.
3. He promised ___________ me a text message as soon as his plane arrived.
4. Sam is very talkative. He carries on ___________ even when no one is listening to him.
5. Jack is very funny. He can’t help ___________ jokes all the time!
6. Nam is working hard. He expects ___________ all his exams in the summer.
7. I don’t really fancy ___________ TV this evening.
8. John is so mean! He refused ___________ me £1 for a coffee!
IX. Use the words given to write questions, and then work with your partner to ask and answer
them.
1. What do you intend / do next weekend?
________________________________________________________________________________
2. What must you remember / do each morning?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. What do you enjoy / spend free time doing?
________________________________________________________________________________
4. What would you like / spend more time doing?
________________________________________________________________________________
5. What do you often / put off / do?
________________________________________________________________________________
X. Write sentences about the uses of the following inventions with the cues given, using
be used for + V-ing, and the correct form of the verbs.
1. digital camera / take / pictures / video clips
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2. GPS / provide / users / positioning, navigation, and timing services
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3. webcam / record / moving pictures / sounds / and / allow / these / to be broadcast / Internet
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
4. Microsoft Xbox One / deliver / new gaming and entertainment experience / the best games.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Lima Billboard / Peru / produce / clean water / Lima’s extremely humid air
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

6. 4K. TV / display / films / resolutions / four times / bigger / HDTV

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
7. smart watch / give / you access / lots of information / besides / time of day
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
8. Google Glass / get / real-time information / everything / you / look at
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
9. tooth sensor / detect / any bacteria / causing cavities / or any other infections / your teeth
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
10. Argus II / restore / vision / people / suffering / complete or partial
blindness
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

5D. Reading
I. Read the text, and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
Examples of AI
Artificial intelligence (AI) seems to be everywhere, and it has great impacts on our daily lives. Not
long ago, only satellite-based GPS was available, now artificial intelligence can help users much more
experience. It can recommend the route that avoids roadblocks or congestion.
Using virtual filters on our faces when taking pictures and using face ID for unlocking our phones are
two more examples of artificial intelligence that are now part of our daily lives.
AI can identify incorrect usage of language and suggest corrections in word processors or texting apps.
The apps with high-quality language data can help you use grammar correctly, catch your mistakes and
offer correction.
Interacting between customers and customer service can be time-consuming and stressful. One
increasingly popular solution to this is the use of AI chatbots. Advanced chatbots no longer require
specific formats of inputs, for example yes-no questions. Chatbots are taught to answer complex
questions requiring detailed responses.
1. Artificial intelligence which is used in transportation is the same as GPS. __________
2. AI may help drivers avoid traffic jams. __________
3. With AI, any human face can be identified and recognized. __________
4. Texting apps can identify grammar mistakes, but they can’t give correction. __________
5. The use of chatbots helps make the relationship between companies and customers better and more
convenient. __________
6. Chatbots can only give responses to yes-no questions. __________
II. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
How do Flat Screen Televisions work?
In the beginning
How have televisions changed over the years? Have you ever seen a very big flat
screen TV screen? It might seem like flat screen televisions are something new,
but actually they produced the very first flat screen television back in 1964. The
difference is that the first flat television screens could only produce two colours.
Nowadays high-definition screens are used, so this isn’t a problem.
What are they made of?
Flat television screens are made from two sheets of glass. Between the glass
there are neon and xenon gases. When you switch on the television, the
electricity mixes with the gases, and atoms release energy. The energy creates
the coloured lights which make the TV picture. They work like fluorescent tubes.
Why flat screen TVs?
People like flat screen televisions because they aren’t heavy and they don’t take
up much space. They are also popular because you can hang them on the wall.
On possible problem is that some flat TV screens are very bright, which means
they need more electricity.
Task 1. Match the phrases below to pictures a-d.
1. flat TV screen __________________
2. fluorescent tube __________________
3. neon and xenon gases __________________
4. atoms release energy __________________
Task 2. Read the text again, and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
1. Televisions have changed over the years. ___________
2. They developed the first flat screen TV in 1984. ___________
3. Today flat screen TVs only produce two colours. ___________
4. Flat screen TVs are made of two sheets of glass with gases between them. ___________
5. Today, flat screen TVs are heavy. ___________
III. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Three inventions that might save your life
1. Most of us associate barcodes with supermarkets where cashiers scan the products we’re buying and
tell us the price. What is less well known is that bar codes are also used in many other places and for
other purposes. For instance, hospitals have started using them in patients’ wristbands. Whenever
patients are treated anywhere in the hospital, the wristband is scanned in order to show their medical
records. This way, the risk of any patient receiving the wrong medication or treatments is considerably
reduced.
2. Around 15 million babies are born prematurely throughout the world every year. Up to one-fifth die
and many others suffer serious health problems. Simply by keeping them warm, many deaths and
illnesses can be avoided. Whereas an incubator costs as much as $20,000 and needs electricity to work,
an American NGO called Embrace has developed a low cost infant warmer at a tiny fraction of this
price (1%). It can work with electricity or run off a generator, and heats up a miniature sleeping bag
made of a special material that maintains a constant temperature for up to 6 hours, thus keeping the
baby’s body temperature stable and raising their chances of survival.
3. Given the country’s experience with devastating earthquakes, it isn’t surprising that a company in
Japan has designed a quake-resistant bed that can shelter its occupants from up to 60 tonnes of falling
debris. The bed is made of very strong wood from 30- to 40- year-old trees that is reinforced with
metal, and it has an overhead canopy. Starting from $5,600, it isn’t exactly cheap. But taking into
account the amount of time people spend in bed, it may well save a lot of lives, as well as helping lots
of people sleep more peacefully. And surely that’s worth the money.
Task 1. Read the text, and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the false ones.
1. Hospitals have increased the use of scanners in patients’ treatment.
2. Patients are given special bracelets with background information about their illness.
3. About five million premature babies die every year.
4. Many of these babies could be kept alive using relatively simple technology.
5. The bed protects people from things that might otherwise fall on them.
6. The bed could be a good investment for Japanese people.
Task 2. Find the numbers in the text, and explain who or what they refer to.
15 million ______________________________________________________________________
20,000 ______________________________________________________________________
60 ______________________________________________________________________
30-40 ______________________________________________________________________
5,600 ______________________________________________________________________
IV. Read the text about a small, wearable computer, and do the tasks that follow.
New Way To See The Future
Although wearable computing devices are not a completely new
idea, one in particular has been attracting plenty of media
attention. The Optical Head- Mounted Display (OHMD) is a
tiny, wearable computer attached to what looks like a normal
pair of frameless glasses. 1 ___________ .
Wearers can receive and reply to messages or phone calls, ask
the device to translate for them, get information about transport
and possible disruptions, ask for directions and be guided to the
place they want to go, take pictures and record videos along the
way - all without hardly ever having to take their hands out of their pockets. Enthusiasts who have
been testing this groundbreaking new technology claim that it enables them to obtain useful
information without interrupting their daily lives. 2 ___________ . On a more serious note, the
‘computer glasses’ could provide valuable assistance to disabled people or anybody with impaired
mobility.
As with all new technologies, there are detractions as well. Any device that allows its wearers to
photograph and record people without their consent, or without them being aware of it, raises
questions of intimacy and privacy.
3
___________ . Terrorists could employ the technology to explore the site of their next
attack, while criminals could use it to obtain plans of the next bank they are planning to rob.
Apart from these extreme cases, psychologists warn that there are reasons why we should be a little
wary of devices like these.
4
___________ . Think, for instance, of the ubiquitous MP3 and MP4 players: everywhere we go, there
are people plugged in to their players, oblivious of the world around them. Others have become so
addicted to their mobile phones that they cannot concentrate on face- to-face conversations without
simultaneous checking their messages.
As our wearable computer bombards us with all kinds of data in real time, our brain may experience
information overload, which can lead to stress and anxiety. 5 ___________ . Moreover, if we become
too reliant on always being updated about any situation, we run the risk of feeling insecure and out of
control the moment we cannot get this information.
For the moment, we needn’t worry too much. 6 ___________ . And when they do become available,
will people still be comfortable viewing the world in such a different way? Well, you could say that
remains to be seen.
Task 1. What is the main point the author makes about this technology?
A. It will revolutionize and improve our lives.
B. It’s intrusive and potentially dangerous.
C. It’ll be expensive and only for a small, exclusive minority.
D. It has great potential, but needs to be used with caution.
Task 2. Read the text again, and complete gaps 1-6 with sentences A-G. There is one extra
sentence you do not need to use.
A. Moreover, it gives rise to security concerns as well.
B. It will probably be some time before such devices become readily available to consumers at an
affordable price.
C. The advantages for consumers far outweigh the disadvantages.
D. New technologies that have been devised to enhance the way we experience reality, may end up
cutting us off from real life instead.
E. There are moments when we should just sit back and watch the clouds, without immediately
receiving the latest weather forecast.
F. They also love the fact that it captures great moments with family or friends that might otherwise
have remained unrecorded, for lack of a camera or mobile phone at hand.
G. The device can be controlled by pressing it, or using voice commands.
Task 3. Choose the correct answers.
1. The wearable computer responds to __________.
A. manual orders only
B. both manual and spoken orders
C. the wearer’s eye movement
2. Which of these is NOT said about the device?
A. It can help you deal with foreign languages.
B. It can take photographs of everything you see.
C. It can protect your eyes from bright light.
3. What do psychologists say about the use of technology?
A. Things that are supposed to improve our lives don’t always do so.
B. People waste a lot of time because they don’t know how to use them,
C. People lose concentration more easily these days.
4. What is meant by ‘information overload’?
A. The information people receive is not uploaded properly.
B. People receive too much unnecessary information.
C. People don’t always receive the latest information.
V. Read the text about three machines, and then answer the questions. There may be more than
one answer for some questions. You can write A for the vacuum cleaner, B for the smart fridge,
and C for the control system.
The Three Most Intelligent Machines For Your Home
A. The Smoothline D838 Robot Vacuum Cleaner
Do you like housework? No? Then this new robot vacuum cleaner is the machine for you. It can clean
your living room automatically. It has a computer which tells it to go around objects such as chairs and
table legs as it cleans your floor. And if a person - or your pet dog or cat - comes too close, it stops
automatically.
B. The FZ Smart Fridge
A fridge which tells you what it has got inside and gives you ideas about what to cook for dinner! A
visual display shows you what is inside the fridge - you don’t even have to open the door; and the
fridge can also tell when food is too old to use. And if you haven’t got any ideas about what to cook
for your family this evening, just touch the computer screen on the door of the fridge and you can look
at over a thousand of your favourite recipes. You can also use it to send emails and to surf the Internet!
C. The Ultimate Power Control System
How many remote-control units do you have in your house - for the TV, the DVD player, home audio?
Now you can control everything in your house - from a light in the bedroom to your front door - using
just one special remote-control unit. It works with radio signals, so you can do everything in your
house without getting out of bed. You can even surf the Internet, send emails, watch videos or listen to
music with the Ultimate Power Control System’s video screen.
Which machine(s)_______?
1. can help you to control the electric system ______________
2. can help you to surf the Internet, send emails ______________
3. help you to make your house clean ______________
4. can help you to watch videos or listen to music ______________
5. can help you perform some tasks without leaving your place ______________
6. can recognize the obstacles ______________
7. can recommend you the daily menu ______________
8. can help you to know the contents inside ______________
9. may be friendly to people and pets ______________
10. can help you to avoid something harmful ______________
VI. Read the text, and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
How to Become an Inventor
Many people think that becoming an inventor is a simple process of three steps: having a bright idea,
researching the market for the idea, and then selling that idea to a large company. It’s not that simple,
however, and can often be a time-consuming, difficult process. So let’s take a look at what you need to
do to become an inventor.
Every invention starts with an idea. Brainstorm your ideas with colleagues, friends, and family. For
any idea they like, do research to check that your idea is original. Decide if you want to protect or
patent your idea from being copied. Think carefully about this, as you do not want to be an inventor
who says, “He wouldn’t have been able to steal my idea if I had patented it.”
So now you have the idea, what’s next? Once you settle on the idea for your invention, study the
market you want to sell it to. Get to know as much as you can about the customers who will buy your
product. Make sure it will be profitable.
Once you have identified that market for your invention, write a business plan, possibly create a
sample of your product, and then go out and try to sell it. This is a challenging stage because you could
meet with a lot of rejection. Keep going and don’t give up. Do not lose sight of your goal - seeing your
product used and enjoyed by millions.

T F
1. Becoming an inventor is a difficult process.  
2. But it does not take a lot of time.  
3. You should work with your colleagues, friends, and family to choose the topic for  
your research.
4. Make sure that your idea for research is new and unique.  
5. You should do the market research for your product before you settle on the idea  
for your invention.
6. You should try to sell the product by yourself.  
 7. The process of carrying out your business plan is not easy.  
8. Try to catch sight of your goal because your product will be used and enjoyed by  
millions.

VII. Read the passage carefully, and do the tasks that follow.
Li-Fi Technology
Li-Fi technology is a new technology that transmits signals as light instead of radio waves. In
urban areas where Wi-Fi networks become congested and there is a lot of noise in the signals, this
technology is something that can be of immense use to an individual. The basic requirement of this
technology is the availability of light!
Light is also an electromagnetic wave like radio waves.
The only difference is that the former has the ability to
transmit data almost ten thousand times faster than the latter!
The basic process is quite simple to understand. An LED
light bulb, any one at all, can be flicked on and off in order to
be able to generate signals. A light sensor on a device picks
up the digital information sent by the LED, which enables it
to be processed by a computer.
The question is whether anyone wants to go through the
annoying experience of sitting under a flickering light bulb.
This is the interesting part. The technology is focusing on making sure that the light bulb is flickered
up to billions of times a second! At that rate, the human eye simply cannot notice the light bulb being
flicked on and off.
However, everything comes with a disadvantage. The major disadvantage here is the fact that
these signals cannot penetrate walls. So if you want to move from one room to another, you will need
to have a wired bulb present in that room as well!
An Estonian startup company called Velmenni took the technology out of the laboratories and
brought it into the real-world offices, and industrial environments in Tallinn for the first time.
Overall, this sounds like quite a development in the field of communication technology.
Task 1. Match a word / phrase in the left column with its definition in the right column, writing
the answer in each blank.
1. congested (adj) _____ A. go through something
2. immense (adj) _____ B. make electrical equipment start / stop working
3. flick something on / off (v) _____ C. too crowded and causing difficulties
4. penetrate (v) _____ D. extremely large in size or degree
Task 2. Read the passage, and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
T F
1. Li-Fi is similar to the Wi-Fi except that it uses light waves instead of radio waves.  
2. The speed generated by Li-Fi can be up to ten thousand times greater than the  
average Wi-Fi.
3. No one wants to go through the annoying experience of sitting under a flickering  
light bulb.
4. It is convenient for you to use Li-Fi to transmit signals when you move to various  
rooms in the building.
5. The technology of Li-Fi has several advantages in theory, but we cannot put it  
into practice.
6. It can be inferred that Li-Fi is ideal for high density coverage in a confined  
 region.
VIII. Read the passage carefully, and do the tasks that follow.
High school students from Southeast Asia protect the environment with inventions that challenge
the present situation. They presented their research at the Intel International Science and Engineering
Fair (ISEF).
The team from Thailand presented its research on using fish scales to create
plastic ware items such as bowls and plates, with no trace of fish odour in 2011.
The team also found out that the material completely breaks down in about 28
days when buried in soil, and does not harm creatures that live in the dirt. In
comparison, conventional plastic products release toxins during the
manufacturing process and during disposal.
The Vietnamese team proposed using solar energy and vacuum techniques to
power the desalination process in 2012. Conventional desalination methods are
expensive affairs as they tend to consume vast amounts of electricity and fuel. In
contrast, solar energy is an inexhaustible and renewable energy source.
The Indonesian team built a “Green Refrigerant Box” in 2014 that, instead of running on
electricity, used a hand-operated vacuum pump made from plastic soft drink bottles. The idea was
formed because the students’ hometown in rural South Sumatra frequently experiences power cuts,
constantly shutting down electrical appliances.
Bio-waste materials such as mangosteen skin can be used as a substance to dye cotton fabric,
together with onion skin extract. The project of Malaysian students in 2014 not only replaced the usage
of hazardous chemical dyes with bio-waste material, but also helped recycle bio-waste itself.
Task 1. What is the most suitable title of the whole passage?
A. Unusual but very clever inventions from Southeast Asian high school students
B. Changing the world with your awesome inventions in the upcoming ISEF
C. Exciting inventions from a new generation of student inventors around the world
Task 2. Find the words or expressions in the text which have the following meanings.
1. a smell, often one that is unpleasant ____________________________
2. living things ____________________________
3. the removal of salt from sea water ____________________________
4. that cannot be used up ____________________________
5. a substance taken from a plant ____________________________
6. dangerous ____________________________
Task 3: Answer the questions about the passage.
1. What did the team from Thailand use fish scales for?
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. How long does it take fish scales to break down when buried in soil?
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. What was the desalination process from the Vietnamese team powered by?
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. What are the benefits of this desalination process?
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. How did the Indonesian team make a “Green Refrigerant Box” work?
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. Why did they come up with the idea?
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. What did Malaysian students use to dye materials?
_________________________________________________________________________________
8. What are the benefits of the Malaysian project?
_________________________________________________________________________________

IX. Read the online text, and do the following tasks.

Young inventors with plans to change the world
Meet three inventors who have had useful ideas from a young age - you'll definitely hear from them
again!
When Remya Jose’s parents became ill, she needed to wash clothes in a nearby river in India.
However, the 14-year-old found that it took too much time, and it was very hard work after a long day
at school.
So Remya studied how a normal washing machine worked. Then she took some recycled bicycle parts
and used them to build her own machine, with the help of a local car repair store. Remya’s pedal-
powered washing machine is easy to use - you just sit on the bicycle seat, turn the pedals, and the wash
goes around. The invention saves a lot of time and helps people to stay fit, too. It’s very useful with
little or no electricity.
At the age of 15, Ann Makosinski from Canada had news from a good friend in the Philippines. Her
friend was having problems studying and doing her homework. She wasn’t doing well at school
because she didn’t have reliable electricity at home and there wasn’t enough light to study in the
evening.
Ann learned that this was a common problem for young people around the world. She wanted to help
her friend, so she invented a flashlight to help her.
The flashlight works from the heat of your hands when you hold it, so it doesn’t need expensive
batteries or electricity. The outside of the flashlight is made from ‘Peltier tiles’ - these turn heat into
energy. Ann bought these tiles on eBay and the flashlight only cost $26 to make.
As a young teenager Kelvin Doe began to teach himself engineering in his home city of Freetown in
Sierra Leone. There were often serious problems with the electricity supply, and this made daily life
difficult for his family and friends.
At 13, Kelvin started to invent and build special batteries. He made the batteries from acid, soda, and
recycled metal parts that he found in recycle bins. The energy from these produced electricity for the
homes in his community.
Kelvin continued with his interest in engineering. He later built a radio transmitter and started a radio
station for young people in his city.
Task 1. Choose the correct answers for each question.
1. The inventions are similar because they are all _______.
A. made from recycle rubbish
B. designed to produce light
C. useful in places without reliable electricity
D. helpful in towns with expensive electricity
2. The young people made their inventions because they all wanted to ________.
A. make a lot of money for their families B. find the answer to a problem or difficulty
C. become very famous in their country D. win an engineering prize at school

Task 2. Read the text again. Make short notes to complete the chart.
Name and age when What invented Why produced What invention made
made invention invention from
Remya Jose,
 __________________
Ann Makosinski,
__________________
Kelvin Doe,
__________________

Task 3. What do the underlined pronouns in the text refer to?

1. However, the 14-year-old found that it took too much time ... _______________________
2. ... used them to build her own machine, ... _______________________
3. She wasn’t doing well at school ... _______________________
4. ... these turn heat into energy. _______________________
5. ... this made daily life difficult for his family and friends. _______________________
6. He later built a radio transmitter ... _______________________
VIII. Read the blogs and do the tasks that follow.
1_______________________
Like most people, we hate cleaning our oven. It’s a job that isn’t done very often and usually it’s only
when the oven is horrible and smelly. Anyway, guess what? We’ve just got a brand new, pyrolytic
oven and it’s amazing. When the oven is dirty or greasy, you switch on the pyrolytic function. The
oven door is locked, the temperature is raised to around 500°C and the food and grease is burned off.
A couple of hours later, at the end of the process, your oven is spotless. It’s like a magic.
Jane, Birmingham
2_______________________
There’s an induction hob in our new flat and it’s brilliant. There’s a magnetic coil under the surface
and when electricity travels through it, electromagnetic energy is created. This is transferred to the
base of the pan, which must be iron, and the contents of the pan are heated really fast. When you
remove the pan, you won’t bum yourself on the hob because the pan is hot, not the hob. So induction
hobs are really quick, safe and efficient. The only disadvantage is they’re more expensive to buy. ®
Jack, London
3_______________________
If you love the smell of freshly made bread, you should definitely get an electric bread maker. You
weigh all the ingredients into a special metal pan, put the pan into the machine, close the lid, select the
programme on the control panel and switch it on. That’s it until the machine starts beeping to tell you
the bread is ready. Everything is done by the machine - the ingredients are mixed, the mixture is
heated, and then the bread is baked. The only thing the machine doesn’t do is slice it and eat it.
Kate, Exeter
Task 1. Complete the blogs with the headings below.
a. As quick as a flash b. Bake it yourself c. Like new every time
Task 2. Read the blogs again. Who or what does these things. Write the name of the person or
the device.
1. _______________________ switches on the oven.
2. _______________________ locks the oven door.
3. _______________________ cleans the dirt and grease.
4. _______________________ puts the pan on the hob.
5. _______________________ creates electromagnetic energy.
6. _______________________ heats the contents of the pan.
7. _______________________ weighs the ingredients to make bread.
8. _______________________ indicates that the bread is ready.
9. _______________________ doesn’t slice the bread.

5E. Speaking
• Everyday English
I. Choose the correct response. Then practise the short exchanges in pairs.
1. A: Is a smartphone very important to us? B: a/ Yes, it’s as modern as a traditional phone.
b/ Yes, it has many benefits and functions
2. A: What’s your favourite device in the show? B: a/ It’s the 3-D printer.
b/ It’s not in the show.
3. A: Is the flying car our future means of B: a/ Yes, we don’t need drivers.
transport? b/ Yes, we’ll avoid traffic jams.
4. A: What’s it used for? B: a/ It’s used for elderly people.
b/ It’s used for making any items big or
5. A: Is it good for the environment? small.
B: a/ Yes, it’s easy to use and carry around.
6. A: Why is the robot Sophia awesome? b/ Yes, it’s environmental-friendly.
B: a/ She can use our language and feelings.
7. A: How can nature inspire inventions? b/ She can copy human intelligence.
B: a/ Inventors imitate something in nature.
8. A: Who is it useful for? b/ Scientists want to help the community.
B: a/ It’s used for communication.
9. A: How good are they? b/ It’s useful for the handicapped.
B: a/ You can use them to listen to music.
10. A: Why do you choose it? b/ You can have them when you go out.
B: a/ It’s easy to use and not expensive.
b/ It was made in Japan ten years ago.

• Talking about inventions and their uses

II. Complete the conversation about 3-D printing, using the parts (A-F) given. There is an extra
one.
A. 3D printing allows you to produce incredibly complex products.
B. People in Viet Nam would like to own a 3-D printer of their own.
C. My father says that it can prove extremely efficient for an online business. 3D printing allows
ideas to develop faster than ever.
D. To me, the best benefit of this technology is that it makes things of better quality.
E. 3D printing efficiently uses nearly 100% of the raw material, leading to minimal, if not zero
waste.
F. Now 3-D home-printed objects are not cheaper than the ordinary ones, but printing your own
objects brings you a memorable experience.
Mai Your father has bought the 3-D printer for several months. Can you see any of its benefits?
John Well... It has a lot. I think so. First, it can satisfy personal demands for goods. We can make
things that are not for sale. 1___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Mai It means your father has used additive manufacturing techniques instead of traditional ones.
Right? Are the goods made by the 3-D printer cheaper?
John 2
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________. And in the near future, it will become much cheaper.
Mai Besides the price, is there any more benefit? For example, less waste?
John 3_________________________________________________________________________
Mai Wonderful! Can the 3-D printing create things with complex structures?
John 4_________________________________________________________________________
Mai In your opinion, what aspect of 3-D printing do you like best?
John 5_________________________________________________________________________
______________________________. You create a 3D model of your product, then layers of
materials are added on top of each other. Finally, these layers are joined together to create the
finished product.
III. Complete the conversation about the obstacle detector device for the blind, using the parts
(A-F) given. There is an extra one.
A. It can be said that the glasses show the love and concern of Dr. Hai and his teammates towards
the blind in the country.
B. Thanks to it, many blind people no longer fall to the ground because they fail to find out
obstacles in front of them with their sticks.
C. When the electronic obstacle device was first developed in
March 2012, it was in a shape of a helmet worn over the head.
D. Dr. Hai said that he once intended to give up because of
repeated failures.
E. Already upgraded for nine times, the device looks like a pair
of normal sunglasses.
F. With generous support from Kien Binh Minh, a Vietnamese technology and trading company,
the device is sold on the market at the price of over one hundred US dollars.

Mai Look at this article, John. It’s good news for the blind in Viet Nam.
John What is it? Well, wonderful, Mai! A cheap obstacle detector for the blind! Who was the
inventor?
Mai It was Dr. Nguyen Ba Hai, a young lecturer from Ho Chi Minh University of Technology and
Education.
John What does the device look like?
Mai 1
_________________________________________________________________________
John It sounds a little bit inconvenient. Right? And its present shape?
Mai Yeah, it’s much better now. 2__________________________________________________
John Sounds good. How useful is it to the blind?
Mai It can notify the wearer of an obstacle from a certain distance thanks to vibrations transmitted
from a piece of equipment put in a bag to the glasses via wires.
3
_________________________________________________________________________
John Dr. Hai could earn a big sum of money from his invention.
Mai He refused to sell his research when a manufacturer offered him over one hundred thousand
US dollars for it. 4___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
John I think blind people will feel more comfortable in their life with this device, and it has great
meaning.
Mai I agree with you, John. 5______________________________________________________
5F. Writing
• Writing about benefits of an invention
I. Choose the correct alternatives to complete the essay about the advantages and disadvantages
of satellite TV.
Satellite TV: good or bad?
More and more people are watching satellite television. 1 The main advantage / As well as that is that
you can choose exactly what you want to watch, and 2in addition to this / however you can watch
programmes in other languages. 3However, / Although this means that whereas people used to talk
about programmes with colleagues and friends, now they usually don’t watch the same programmes.
4
On the other hand / And another thing, there is too much choice. There are so many programmes to
choose from that people can’t decide what to watch. 5This means that / As far as I’m concerned,
they watch too much television.
6
In my opinion / The problem is that, satellite television is a good thing, as it gives people more
choice. 7However / In general, people need to be careful that they choose their programmes carefully.

II. The following text is about the benefits of front-loading washing machines. Put the supporting
details (A-G) for each benefit in the appropriate gaps. There is an extra.
A. The vertical axis in top loaders tend to be very rough on clothing while front loaders only use
gravity to move the clothes inside the washer.
B. Front loaders don’t require as much detergents as top loaders do, about half as much detergent
for the same size load as you would put in a top loader.
C. Their own heater ensures that the temperature of the water is exact and correct.
D. While rinsing clothes, a front loader just sprays clean water on your
clothes until they are thoroughly rinsed, which means a huge saving on water.
E. They use less energy to wash your clothes because they use less water,
including hot water, so they decrease your electric bill.
F. Because front-loading washing machines use a horizontal axis to lift and
drop clothing through the water, they only need to fill up part of the way.
G. Therefore, your clothes will last longer.

Benefits of Front-Loading Washing Machines

Front-loading washing machines are more efficient at cleaning clothes for a number of reasons.
Firstly, front loaders use less water.
1. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Secondly, your clothes take less of beating in a front-loading machine.
3. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Finally, front-loading washing machines are much less expensive to own due to less detergent, less
energy and less water.
5. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
III. Write complete sentences about the benefits of robots in industry, using the words or phrases
given below.
1. robots / offer / work / more accuracy / higher quality
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. they / produce / greater quantity / short amount of time
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. they / work / a constant speed / no breaks, days off, or holiday time
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. they / more / suitable / repeated jobs / human workers
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. robots / save / workers / perform / dangerous tasks
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. they / work / hazardous conditions / such as / poor lighting / toxic chemicals / tight spaces
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. they / capable / lift / heavy loads / without injury or tiring
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. they also / reduce / amount / wasted material / due to / accuracy
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

TEST 1 (UNIT 5)
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. smartphone B. fastener C. portable D. costly
2. A. generous B. collect C. video D. inventor
3. A. processor B. congestion C. tourism D. assignment
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
4. A. self-interest B. bookshelf C. waterfall D. trainspotting
5. A. heart attack B. washing powder C. fish tank D. mother tongue
II. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
6. It is thought that Google _______ cars may transform the way we move around cities in the future.
A. driving B. driver C. motionless D. driverless
7. Retinal implants are meant to partially restore vision to people who have lost their ______.
A. view B. scene C. scenery D. sight
8. Biotech drugs, which are _______ from living cells, provide some of the best efforts at curing
diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and HIV.
A. done B. made C. caused D. formed
9. The cocoons of silkworms were first used _______ silk by the Chinese.
A. to make B. for make C. to making D. to be made
10. Paper was first _______ to make paper money, playing cards or the world’s oldest book - the
Diamond Sutra - in the 2nd century by the Chinese.
A. to invent B. inventing C. being invented D. invented
11. The magnetic compass was first used to determine the correct _______ by the Chinese.
A. way B. road C. path D. direction
12. Gunpowder was first used to make beautiful displays of ______ for celebrations in the 9 th century
by the Chinese.
A. firing B. fires C. fireworks D. firework
13. IBM Watson is an artificially intelligent computer system ______ of answering questions posed in
natural language.
A. capable B. aware C. able D. fond
14. YouTube _______ to become the world’s most popular video-sharing website since 2005.
A. grows B. grew C. has grown D. have grown
15. Apple iPad _______ the single most popular tablet PC ever since 2010.
A. has existed B. has stayed C. has remained D. has continued
III. Fill in each blank of the passage with the correct word below.
revolution opportunity volume co-inventor services
robot installed breakthrough thoughts intelligence
The world’s best-known inventions of the Vietnamese
The father of ATM (automatic teller machine) is Do Due Cuong, who has
made 50 inventions. He was found as the student with the highest 16___________
index in a test carried out by a Japanese group of scientists. This gave him the
17
___________ to receive a scholarship to follow the university study at Osaka
University. In Japan, Mr. Cuong went to university and took an extra job for
Toshiba Company. An invention then unexpectedly brought him to the US. Mr.
Cuong was then invited to the US to “use a technique to obtain one billion clients
for the bank”. Mr. Cuong said his work is to popularize banking 18___________ ,
so as to make the services accessible to everyone. He has invented the ATM,
which is considered a(n) 19____________ in the banking history.
Professor Dr. Nguyen Viet Hung, a Vietnamese native who now works at
the Sydney University in Australia, and his associates successfully generated a
smart wheelchair. The wheelchair is designed to have the function of a moving
20
___________ which can avoid obstacles which it sees through the camera
21
___________ on the vehicle. The wheelchair can move based on people’s
commands, either the shake of the head, eyes, and the 22___________ of the
owners. Professor Hung believes that the invention would create a big
23
___________ for the human’s research works to help make the lives more
convenient for paralytic people.
Dr. Chu Hoang Long was the only Vietnamese 24___________ who
received Eureka prize for the water research and innovation. The model allows farmers to find out the
optimal volume of water needed for watering, and the optimal 25___________ of water needed for
protecting the environment, while helping create the flows beneficial to the environment.

IV. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following
passage.
The Fitbit Flex is a mobile device aimed at 26_______ your exercise, diet, and sleep. It’s very easy
to wear it all the time. It is very light and comfortable, and it looks casual and natural on your wrist.
When I need to wear a watch, I have one that sits 27_______ the Flex quite easily. You can get
different Fitbit Flex wristbands, reasonably priced, 28_______ dozens of fun colors!
 I was pleasantly surprised to learn how many steps I walk during my normal working day. I
actually find ways to fit in even more activities 29_______, so I can watch the numbers go up. It’s
water-resistant, so I can wear it in the shower or in the rain 30_______ worrying about keeping it dry.
The Fitbit synchronizes with my smartphone via Bluetooth.
Tracking food items 31 _______ it possible for the Dashboard to display a
calorie budget for you, comparing calories consumed versus calories burned. It
will use the daily calorie total you create to show you how many calories 32
_______ in the day.
While I’m sleeping, the Fitbit Flex measures the movements of my wrist,
logging my sleep 33_______ awake, restless, or asleep. It has been 34_______ to
see my sleep pattern each night and over time.
There is a notification alert to let me know when my battery is running low.
After 10 minutes or so in the charging cable, it’s good to go again. The Fitbit Flex
battery needs 35_________ every 3 to 5 days.
26. A. planning B. measuring C. taking D. following
27. A. under B. over C. besides D. next to
28. A. in B. on C. with D. at
29. A. at home B. at school C. at work D. at times
30. A. but B. except for C. despite D. without
31. A. makes B. make C. causes D. cause
32. A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave
33. A. like B. such C. as D. rather
34. A. fascinating B. fascinated C. fascination D. fascinates
35. A. to charge B. being charged C. be charged D. charging
V. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
The Advantages of Using Wi-Fi on Your Smartphone
Wi-Fi is a method for devices such as smartphones to connect wirelessly to the Internet using
radio waves. Connecting to the Internet using Wi-Fi requires a hotspot, but it is always faster than the
3G cellular networks which smartphones can also use to connect, and occasionally faster than 4G.
Using Wi-Fi when it is available can also prove to be cheaper and make your phone run more
efficiently in the long run than relying on cellular networks.
When you use a Wi-Fi network to access the Internet from your phone, the data usage does not
count against your bundled data. Mobile providers often allocate a certain amount of data for free each
month and charge you a fee for any data usage beyond this. By connecting via Wi-Fi wherever it is
available, you can save your bundled data for situations when you might not be close to any Wi-Fi
hotspots.
In many situations, your speed using a strong, dedicated Wi-Fi connection is faster than that of
using your mobile network. It is very noticeable when transferring larger files. If you need to
download large files or stream media to your smartphone in a hurry, it is much better to do so via Wi-
Fi.
Battery life is extremely important for smartphones because you will not be able to connect to the
Internet or use certain functions such as the camera flash if your battery is too low. Using Wi-Fi to
connect to the Internet drains less battery life than using a mobile network, especially in situations
where the cellular coverage fluctuates. Since Wi-Fi is generally faster than using mobile networks, you
will also not spend as much time transferring the data, which further decreases battery usage.
36. The following are the advantages of using Wi-Fi on your smartphone EXCEPT that _____.
A. it does not need a hotspot to connect all your mobile devices
B. it is faster than the 3G cellular networks
C. it is cheaper than using the 3G networks
 D. it makes your phone run more efficiently in the long run
37. By using Wi-Fi, you _______.
A. can use all your bundled data for free
B. can use a certain amount of data for free each month
C. may stay under the data capacity allocated by mobile providers
D. save your bundled data for situations when you use a Wi-Fi network
38. A Wi-Fi connection offers _______.
A. better large files B. faster smartphones C. no need for hurry D. better speeds
39. Using Wi-Fi offers longer battery life because _______.
A. you will be able to connect to other devices when your battery is low
B. it requires less time with the same task than using mobile networks
C. the Internet harms the battery life so much
D. it requires so little energy while the cellular coverage fluctuates
40. The word “drains” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.
A. improves B. saves C. increases D. reduces
VI. Complete the conversation, using the sentences (A-F) given. There is an extra one.
A. It is easy to use from beginning to end, and you can remove the
cleaning head and the Scooba brushes for a quick clean by hand.
B. It doesn’t use much power, and you can order it online with a
discount.
C. First, it sweeps up dirt and small pieces on the floors, and then it
puts down a thin layer of water or hard floor cleaner to scrub hard
messes.
D. Well ... It can scrub hard floors so you don’t have to.
E. A powerful scrubbing brush can remove messes while the vacuum sucks dirty water off the
floor.
F. It’s a floor scrubbing robot, and its name is iRobot Scooba 450.
Mai What’s that machine, John? It looks like a round power strip, but much bigger and heavier.
John ____________________________________________________________________________
41

Mai A floor scrubbing robot? What’s it used for?

John 42___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________. You can keep the floors clean and bright every day.
Mai Really? How can it scrub the floors, not sweep them, John?
John 43___________________________________________________________________________
Mai How can it remove dirty water after scrubbing?
John 44___________________________________________________________________________
Mai Wonderful! The robot can help us save a lot of time with the chores. Is it easy to use or
maintain it, John?
John 45___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________. I hope the iRobot will become cheaper so that
more people can buy it.

VII. Write complete sentences about the benefits of cloning, using the words or phrases given
below.
46. cloning / help / childless couples / have children / the child / have / DNA / qualities / both parents
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
47. we / prevent / endangered animals / extinction / by cloning
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
48. moreover / it / bring about / recreation / species / have disappeared
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
49. many people / believe / cloning / used / replace / failing organs / and / people / not worry / organ
donations
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
50. cloning / very helpful / the research / genetics / because / genetic researchers / better understanding
/ structures of genes
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

TEST 2 (UNIT 5)
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. smartphone B. valuable C. app D. laptop
2. A. most B. below C. robot D. allow
3. A. patent B. patient C. inspiration D. nation
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
4. A. computer B. furniture C. emotion D. convenient
5. A. develop B. invention C. effective D. century
II. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
6. Smartphone technology is so successful that we have trouble imagining a day _______ them.
A. with B. without C. off D. about
7. While smartphones can get your message across, they allow many ways of communicating with
other people.
A. passing B. sharing C. communicating D. exchanging
8. With smartphones, you can also remain connected with others through social networking sites like
Twitter or Facebook.
A. work B. worker C. working D. networking
9. Samsung Galaxy Tab _______ flash player as well as voice and video calls.
A. supports B. offers C. displays D. provides
10. Blu-ray was first commercially _______ in 2006 and it uses a blue laser to read or write data to a
disc.
A. performed B. allowed C. introduced D. supplied
11. The Tower Infinity in South Korea is supposed to be the world’s first skyscraper that, for a few
hours a day, _______ an unobstructed view of the sky behind it.
A. provides B. shows C. allows D. prevents
12. 3-D _________ is used to produce complex tools and components.
A. print B. printing C. printer D. blueprint
13. Engineers _______ the finished bionic contact lenses on rabbits for up to twenty minutes.
A. have yet tested B. have already tested C. have performed D. have done
14. Eastman Kodak Company _______ many OLED equipped products since 1987.
A. produces B. produced C. is produced D. has produced
15. Wearable sensors, such as the Fitbit, Nike FuelBand and Jawbone UP, _______ the most important
part of the fitness world for the last few years.
A. become B. becomes
C. have become D. has become

III. Fill in each blank with the correct to-infinitive phrase below.
to give flavour to allow us to avoid to allow people to make sure
on farms to handle to help riders save to provide power to help parents
to allow changes of to build
16. The 3-D printer can be used ___________ an infinite number of complex figures from medical
implants to jewellery.
17. Compasses were often used ___________ that houses were built facing the correct direction so
they would be in harmony with nature.
18. The fuel saver for motorbikes was invented by Dang Hoang Son, a farmer from Vinh Long,
___________ 20-30% of the petrol consumed.
19. AcrySof Restor Lens were invented by Dr. Randal Pham - a Vietnamese-American surgeon -
___________ with eye diseases to go without glasses.
20. OLED (organic light emitting diodes) displays were invented ___________ shape, colours, and
transparency.
21. Monosodium glutamate is used ___________ to different kinds of food.
22. More advanced techniques will be used ___________ have healthy babies.
23. Agricultural robots are used ___________ the varying shapes of individual fruits and vegetables,
and spray pesticides with much greater accuracy.
24. Crash-proof cars have been invented by Volvo ___________ car crashes by using radar, sonar, and
driver alert systems.
25. The alkaline storage battery - one of Edison’s inventions - is used ___________ for many electric
devices.
IV. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following
passage.
Reasons why I would buy an iWatch
As a principal and a teacher, I think my days are incredibly busy. I often don’t have the time to
check messages 26 _______ my phone or computer during the day because there is rarely a free
moment during my workday. This has often 27 _______ to my missing important email messages,
phone calls, or text messages from my family members or schoolchildren’s parents. I too often 28
_______ to feel the buzzing of my phone in my 29 _______, or if I am incredibly busy, I am not able to
pull it out to look at the reason for the alert.
I would love the ability to have alerts right on my 30 _______ to glance at
really quickly. This would help me, even during the busiest parts of the day, to
quickly know 31 _______ there is an important message or phone call that I need
to attend to.
One of my least favorite parts of the day is sorting through my email box at
the end of a busy school day of all the messages that backed up during my day
of teaching. How 32 _______ would it be to be able to 33 _______ email and other messages with a
quick flick of a button on the iWatch as they arrive during the day? I imagine the iWatch buzzing with
an incoming email and then offering buttons to quickly archive, delete, or send the message to a
specific 34_______. Being able to 35_______ incoming messages as they arrive in split seconds
throughout the day would save me from having to spend the time sorting through all alerts and
messages at the end of the day.
26. A. on B. at C. in D. by
27. A. lead B. led C. leading D. been leading
28. A. miss B. take C. fail D. forget
29. A. computer B. pocket C. shop D. showroom
30. A. hand B. arm C. finger D. wrist
31. A. if B. how C. why D. when
32. A. hard B. difficult C. awesome D. nervous
33. A. plan B. organize C. delete D. send
34. A. sender B. computer C. file D. folder
35. A. handle B. deal C. carry out D. solve

V. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
Consumers can benefit from Google Glass in museum and city tours by getting audio descriptions
and key facts about things they see. Moreover, consumers can also make videos or take pictures,
hands-free and without having to miss out on the actual experience.
Construction workers, engineers and architects can also benefit
from Google Glass’s augmented reality. Instead of studying pictures or
blueprints they can just use Google Glass to see what the finished
building would look like.
Consumers can also tour places without actually visiting them. This
can be really helpful when someone wants to buy a house. They can see
it by using Google Glass without having to actually visit it.
Google Glass can also be used in extreme sports like abseiling, biking and skydiving. Google held
a demonstration to show Google Glass’s viability in such sports. Consumers can take photos and
record videos while skydiving, or any other extreme sport, and instantly share them with their friends
and family.
Google Glass can also help consumers translate languages: they just need the text they want in the
specified area and Google Glass will translate it immediately.
One of the most useful features of Google Glass is its navigation feature, consumers just have to
say “OK, Glass”, and then ask for directions, the directions will then be displayed in front of their
faces making it easy for them to follow.
Google Glass also benefits consumers with disabilities. Google Glass can be used to assist people
who are deaf, blind or people with difficulties related to sensory awareness.
People who are blind can use Google Glass to help them navigate through touch and voice. It will
also tell them about their appointments, weather. Glass will read them their messages and will also
them to send messages.
Note: abseiling /'æseɪlɪŋ/ (n) = the sport of going down a very steep slope by holding on to a rope
which is fastened to the top of the slope
36. Google Glass is useful for museum and city tours because _______.
A. it takes visitors into the virtual world and they don’t have actual experience
B. it offers visual and audio information to visitors and it is useful for recording
C. consumers can make videos or take pictures before the visit
D. you don’t need to hold it with both hands during the tours
37. Google Glass can help users _______.
A. see the finished building or tour a place without visiting it
B. plan the finished building and see what it would look like
 C. buy a house online without visiting it
D. extend the reality by studying pictures or blueprints
38. Google Glass can perform the following functions in sports EXCEPT _______.
A. taking photos and recording videos while skydiving
B. being helpful in various extreme sports
C. sharing pictures and videos with our friends and family instantly
D. having a demonstration to show its viability in extreme sports
39. Disabled people can benefit from Google Glass because _______.
A. it can offer them sensory awareness in various types
B. it will help them to write and send messages through touch and voice
C. it helps them in navigation and communication
D. they always see the text in the specified area translated immediately
40. The word “viability” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. ability to become successful
B. intention of doing something
C. capability of developing and surviving independently
D. ability to continue to exist and develop as a living being
VI. Complete the conversation, using the parts (A-F) given. There is an extra one.
A. For example, you can use the application Star Walk for iPad to label stars and galaxies in the
night sky.
B. With tablets, we can solve the problems by using eBooks.
C. When they are done, the presentation is saved and can be emailed to the teacher for grading.
D. We’ll have interactive history lessons. I think it’s also good for visual information.
E. Do you think textbooks will disappear from classrooms in the future, Anna?
F. I think with tablets teachers will be the facilitators who suggests the best ways of doing things.
Phong 41
_________________________________________________________________________
Anna Maybe. When I was a kid, I dreamt about our school desks as computer screens. Now, it is
the age of the tablet.
Phong I agree with you. Tablets are very useful for our studies, especially science.
42____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Anna It is not only useful for science but also for our presentations. Tablets have fantastic apps
that can be used to do real-time drawing, writing, and animation during a presentation.
Phong Yeah... Students can circle, highlight, or write in points as they present their latest research
or findings. 43_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Anna You’re right. Teachers mark work digitally and can easily return it digitally without the
painful distribution of paper. Tablets are also good for teaching History, because they can
bring to life ancient civilizations through interactive e-books, videos, and even games.
Phong Fantastic! 44________________________________________________________________
Anna Almost every tablet on the market comes with a quality camera that can be used to take
pictures or videos. We can add them to our presentations or projects. Do you think it’s
worth buying a tablet?
Phong Yes, it’s true. Textbooks are expensive; when the information is outdated, an entire new
version must be published.45___________________________________________________
_______________________________. Students can highlight and bookmark them easily.
Anna It may be a good investment. I think tablets are also good for our environment. Imagine the
amount of paper saved if a child went through 12 years of schooling using a tablet for all
his e-books, papers, projects, and studies. That is a lot of paper!
VII. Write complete sentences about the benefits of a digital camera with Wi-Fi, using the words
or phrases given below.
A Wi-Fi digital camera
46. you / upload / photos or video clips / cloud storage
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
47. it / easy / share / them / social networks
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
48. pictures / share / automatically / your computer or smartphone
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
49. your pictures / safe / and / you / not delete / by mistake
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
50. if / you / forget / USB cable / you / find / nearest hotspot / upload / them
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________