Guide For Fire Protection and Detection System

GUIDE FOR
FIRE PROTECTION AND

DETECTION SYSTEM
CALCULATIONS
FOAM SYSTEM
Design Procedure for foam Water Sprinkler system
Principle of Hydraulic calculations
Use of Darcy Weisbach Formula & Moody diagram
Design Procedure for Storage Tank Protection
Aircraft Hangar Protection options per NFPA 409 and

high expansion foam demand calculations
By: Mehboob Shaikh

M. Tech (ISFT) | B.Eng | AMIE | CFPS | CFI
MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

FOAM SYSTEM

Design Applications
▪ Foam/Water Sprinkler System for Warehouses/Diesel

Storage Rooms/Generator Room.
▪ Storage Tank Protection.
▪ Diked Area/Spill Protection System.
▪ High Expansion Foam System.
▪ Loading Rack Protection.
▪ Aircraft Hangar Protection
▪ Heliport Protection

Foam/Water Sprinkler System
Design Procedure
Step : 1 : Determine the applicable NFPA Code or Insurance Company

requirements and select the foam Agent.
a. When protecting hydrocarbon fuels, use one of the following types of foam
concentrates
• Protein
• Fluoroprotein
• Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) ( Available in 1%, 3% and 6% )
• Film-forming fluoroprotein (FFFP)
• Alcohol-resistant (AR- AFFF) ( Available in 3% and 6% ) – Multipurpose
foam
b. When protecting polar solvents
solvents with appreciable water solubility or water miscibility (e.g., methyl
alcohol, ethyl alcohol, ethanol, and acetone), provide an alcohol-resistant
foam concentrate. Film-forming foams will not form films over polar solvents.
Step : 2 : Determine the Application Rate
Step : 3 : Determine Discharge Duration
Step : 4 : Determine the Demand Area
Step : 5 : Determine the Foam Quantity

a. Base the foam concentrate supply on the required foam concentrate
injection percentage
b. Calculate the sprinkler demand with the minimum foam density/ application
rate and minimum operating pressure specified for the foam-water sprinkler
with the fuel and concentrate type.
c. Determine the quantity of foam concentrate (Bladder Tank Capacity)
d. Perform Hydraulic Calculation for the system
e. Calculate the pipe size carrying foam-water solution the same as carrying
plain water.

f. Calculate the friction loss in piping carrying a non-alcohol resistant foam
concentrate using the Darcy-Weisbach formula (also known as the Fanning
formula) from the foam concentrate supply to the proportioner.
g. Consult the foam concentrate manufacturers for friction loss characteristics
in pipe carrying an alcohol resistant foam concentrate (non-Newtonian fluid)
from the foam concentrate supply to the proportioner.
a. Verify the selected proportioner has a flow range that meets the calculated
minimum and maximum system demand.
b. Verify the minimum inlet pressure requirement of the proportioner is met.
c. Verify the maximum pressure differential for the water and foam
concentrate supply of an in-line balanced pressure proportioner does not
exceed the manufacturer’s specifications.

Example-1
Application : Storage Warehouse
Storage Commodity : Flammable Liquids (Hydrocarbon Liquids)
The characteristics of the stored liquid must be determined in order to
select the appropriate type of foam concentrate to be used.
Type of Foam Concentrate Use : 3% AFFF

Based on the liquid being stored, an appropriate foam concentrate must
be selected. Specific manufacturers will need to be consulted to
determine the most appropriate foam concentrate for the hazard.

Type of System : Open Head ( Deluge)
Design Standard followed : NFPA 16
Size of the protected Area : 100 x 60 SF = 6000 SF
Application Rate : 0.16 gpm/ SF

Foam Solution Dishcharge rate : 0.16 x 6000 = 960 GPM
Duration of the Discharge = 10 Min.
Foam Solution Required = 9600 Gallon

Bladder Tank Capacity = 9600 x 0.03 = 288 Gallon
Number of Sprinkler Head required = 6000 / 100 = 60 Heads

Example-2
Application : Diesel Engine Generator Room
Storage Commodity : Combustible Liquid

Type of Foam Concentrate Use : 3% AFFF
Type of System : Foam/Water Deluge System
Design Standard followed : NFPA 16
Size of the protected area= 443 SF

Dimension of Rooom = 21’ x 21’
Application Rate = 0.16 gpm/ SF
Foam Solution Dishcharge rate : 0.16 x 443 = 70.88 GPM

Foam Solution Required = 708.8 Gallon
Bladder Capacity required = 708.8x 0.03 = 21.2 Gallon
Hydraulic Calculations :
Design Pressure @ Nozzle : 30 psi
Nozzle minimum operating pressure = 30 psi

Coverage area per sprinkler = 100 S
Q = k x (P)^(1/2)
No. of Sprinklers = Total Area / Coverage area per sprinkler
No. of Sprinklers = 443 / 100

But for the maximum spacing between sprinklers not to exceed
3.7 m (NFPA 16 -7.3.7.2 Sprinkler Spacing)
Therefore,
No. of Sprinklers = 6 Sprinklers
Calculation for K Factor
Total requirement of foam Solution = 70.88 GPM

Discharge per Sprinkler = 70.8 /6 = 13 GPM
K = Q/(P)^1/2
K = 13/(30)^(1/2) = 2.3
Selecting Next higher available K Factor from Manufacuter

catalogue.

We have two approaches, one is to satisfy the density and the
other is to satisfy the minimum pressure required; we'll calculate
both and apply the one with the greater demand.

Approach-01 : Taking the design density as the governing
constraint:
Discharge (Q) = k x ( P)^(1/2)

K = 3 GPM/Psi ^1/2
Q = Application Rate x Coverage Area
Q = 0.16 x 100
Q = 16 GPM
Therefore ;
P = (Q /k)^2
P = (16/3)^2
P = 28.44 < Min. Operating Pressure ( Refused)
Approach-02 : Taking Min. Operating Pressure as the governing

constraint:
P = 30 Psi
Discharge (Q) = 3x ( 30)^(1/2)

Q = 16.43 GPM
Dicharge Rate will be = 0.164 > Min. required density of 0.16

GPM /SF hence Accepted.
Pipe Sizing Caculation(Refer Below Piping layout):

Maximum Liquid velocity = 10 ft/sec
For Pipe Sections (Q = 16.4 GPM)
Q=AxV
V = 0.4085 x Q (gpm) / d^2(inches)
10 = 0.4085 x 16.4/d^2
d = 0.8 inch say 1 Inch.

Q=AxV
V = 0.4085 x Q (gpm) / d^2(inches)
10 = 0.4085 x 32.4/d^2
d = 1.15 inch say 1.5 Inch.

Q=AxV
V = 0.4085 x Q (gpm) / d^2(inches)
10 = 0.4085 x 65.6/d^2
d = 1.63 inch say 2 Inch.

Q=AxV
V = 0.4085 x Q (gpm) / d^2(inches)
10 = 0.4085 x 98.4/d^2
d = 2.004 inch say 2 inch

PIPE LAYOUT- PLAN VIEW – FLOW WISE
16.4 GPM 16.4 GPM
32.6 GPM
16.4 GPM 16.4 GPM
65.6 GPM
16.4 GPM 16.4 GPM
98.4 GPM 98.4 GPM

PIPE LAYOUT- PLAN VIEW – PIPE SIZE WISE
1 inch 1 inch
1.5 inch
1 inch 1 inch
2 inch
1 inch 1 inch
2 inch
DV 2 inch

PIPE LAYOUT- ISOMETRIC VIEW
1
2
5 4
DV
6
Pressure Loss Calculation Sheet
Nodes GPM(Q) Pipe Pipe Eq. pipe C Friction Required

Dia Length Length Factor pressure
(inches) (feet) (psi)
FL(psi)/ft. TL(psi) 30
1-2 16.4 1.049 6 2 120 0.12 1.0104 31.44
2-3 32.6 1.61 12 7 120 0.45 1.061 32.93
3-4 65.6 2.067 12 16 120 0.20 1.67 35.04
4-5 98.4 2.067 10 20 120 0.12 3.83 38.87
5-6 98.4 2.067 6 5 120 0.12 1.4 42.87
Therefore, actual available pressure at inlet = 42.87 psi

Summary :
Bladder Tank Capacity 22 Gallon

No. of Sprinklers/Nozzles 6 Nos
Min. Pressure at the input 42.87 psi

Use of Darcy- Weisbach
Equation in foam system
Note : When friction loss needs to be calculated for other fire

protection fluids such as foam concentrate, anti-freeze systems
exceeding 40 gallons in capacity, or for certain high pressure mist
systems, the Darcy-Weisbach formula should be applied instead.
In the case of foam systems, once the foam concentrate has been
appropriately proportioned with water downstream of the foam
proportioning device, it is not necessary to use the Darcy-
Weisbach formula for hydraulic calculations. Even in foam-water
solutions as high as six percent AR-AFFF (alcohol resistant
aqueous film-forming foam concentrates), the Hazen-Williams
equation can still be used
Example :
Assume the system consists of 100 feet of 2-in. black schedule 40
pipe and that the fluid is a 3 percent AFFF foam concentrate with
the following properties: 100 equivalent feet of 2-in. schedule 40
black steel pipe Q = 30 gpm d = 2.067 inches μ = 1.1 cP 63 lb/ft3 T
= 68°F

Calculate Reynolds Number using the below expression:
R = 50.6 x 30 x 63/2.067x 1.1

v
R = 42,061
Assuming C factor for pipe to be 100 and using NPFA 13 table

A.23.4.4.7.2

Relative Roughness = 0.015/2.067
v = 0.0073
Determine Friction factor using Moody diagram ;
Now that the Reynolds Number and the relative roughness have
been calculated, the friction factor can be determined by
referring back to the Moody diagram.

The friction factor isv found to be 0.0375.
The friction loss through the section of pipe can be calculated

using Darcy Weisbach formula as given below
P = 0.000216 (( 0.0375 x 100 x 62.4 x (30)^2)/(2.067)^5))
P = 1.2
v psi

Example-3
Application: Storage Warehouse
Storage Commodity: Polar Solvent
Type of Foam Concentrate Use : 3% AR-AFFF
Type of System: Wet Pipe System
Design Standard followed: NFPA 30
Size of the protected Area : 100 x 60 SF = 6000 SF
Application Rate : 0.30 gpm/ SF
Foam Solution Discharge rate : 0.30 x 3000 = 900 GPM
Foam Solution = 13500 Gallon
Bladder Capacity required = 13500 x 0.03 = 405 Gallon

Storage Tank Protection
The Design Process
1. Installation Identification
2. Hazard Classification and Description
3. Liquid Identification
4. Type of Protection
5. Surface Area of Liquid to be protected
6. Foam agent Selected
7. Description, Number & Placement of Foam
application devices
8. Foam solution application Rate
9. Foam Concentrate Supply Rate
10. Water Supply Rate
11. Duration of Discharge
12. Total Quantity of Water required
13. Pipe Size Determination
14. Valve Selection and Location
15. Foam Proportioner Selection
16. Pump Consideration
17. Hydraulic Calculation
17.1 – The starting point
17.2 – Determination of Supply Riser Size
17.3 – Determination of Friction losses.
17.4 - Summary

Determining Foam Supply for Atmospheric Storage Tanks
Protected with a Surface Application Low-Expansion System (well
suited for protection of interior flammable/combustible liquid hazards, outdoor storage tank areas, truck
loading racks, diked and non-diked spill areas)
Example Project
A single fixed roof outside storage tank storing gasoline is

depicted in the Figure below. The tank is to be protected by a
fixed foam system for the purpose of extinguishing a fire that
starts on the liquid surface in the tank. A topside foam chamber
arrangment to used.

Step : 01 – Calculate area of liquid to be protected.
Surface Area = Area of top surface
= ∏/4 (d)^2
= 11310 SF
Step : 02 – Foam solution application Rate.
Rate of application = 0.1 x 11310 = 1131 GPM (566 GPM per

chamber)
Step : 03– Foam Concentrate Supply Rate
Foam Concentrate Rate = 3% x 1132 = 34 GPM

Step : 04– Water Supply Rate
Water Supply Rate = 1132-34 = 1098 GPM
Step : 05– Quantity of Foam Required
Foam Agent required = 34 x 55= 1870 Gallons
Step : 06– Total Quantity of water required
Volume of Water required = 1098 x 55= 60390 Gallons
Step : 07– Determination of supply riser size.
The vertical pipe supplying the foam chambers (reference points

1–2) is sized based on a maximum flow velocity of 10 ft per
second.
Discharge = Area x Velocity
Q=AxV
V = 0.4085 x Q (gpm) / d^2(inches)
10 = 0.4085 x 566/d^2
d = 4.8 inch = 5 inch say.

Step : 08– Determination Friction loss between point 1 & 2
Friction loss, FL, is determined by the Hazen- Williams formula
FL = 4.52 x Q ^ 1.85 / C^ 1.85 x d^ 4.87
FL = 0.0420 psi/ft
Total Elevation loss (for 48 feet) = 0.0420 x 48 = 20.8 psi
Step : 08– Determination Friction loss between point 2 & 3
Discharge = Area x Velocity
Q=AxV
V = 0.4085 x Q (gpm) / d^2(inches)
10 = 0.4085 x 1132/d^2
d = 6.8inch = 8 inch say.

Hydraulic calculation (Node Wise Detail)
1 566 GPM @ 50 psi
Friction + Static loss = 2.4+20.8 = 23.2 psi

Dia = 5”
48’
So, Pressure @ node 2 = 50+23.5 = 73.2 psi
2 566 GPM @ 73.2 psi
2 Friction loss between 2 & 3 = 12.07 psi
Pressure @ Node 3 = Pressure @ Node 2 + FL
Pressure @ Node 3 = 73.2+ 12.07

GV
Pressure @ Node 3 = 85.3 psi
3 566 GPM @ 85.3 psi
4 1132 GPM @ 89.9 psi

4
Foam Propotioner
5 1132 GPM @ 94.26 psi
psi
6 1097 GPM @ 96.91psi

psi

CALCULATION FOR FOAM SYSTEM
SUBJECT : Fixed foam System for flammable liquid atmospheric storage tank
HAZARD : 120-ft-diameter outdoor cone roof flammable liquid storage tank
Flammable or combustible liquid identification: Gasoline—SG 0.72
Foam agent selected: Fluoroprotein—3%
Duration of discharge: 55 min
Foam
Make Added Total Pipe & Eq. Propotioner Required
Pipe size Friction Static Psi
type and GPM GPM fitting Length Psi Press, GPM
location
Psi/ft Total Psi
Ref: NFPA 13, FL =
Table 4.52*Q^1.85/C^1.85*
23.4.3.1.1 d^4.87
1 566 566 50
1 to 2 566 5.047 56.6 0.042080088 2.38173298 20.8 73.181733
2 to 3 566 5.047 287 0.042080088 12.0769852 85.2587182
3 to 4 1132 8.07 302 0.015426955 4.65894039 89.9176586
4 to 5 1132 8.07 20 0.015426955 0.3085391 4 94.2261977
5 to 6 1097 8.07 185 0.014556152 2.69288812 96.9190858
Pump Capacity = Required Pressure(Considering Frictional,elevation Losses)- Available Pressure from city supply(if any)

Comparison of design criteria for low-expansion and high-expansion foam systems
Design/hydraulic Low-expansion foam system— High-expansion foam system—

step function top chamber top generator
Starting point Foam chamber(s) Foam generator(s)
Second Foam solution requirement per Expanded foam requirement
determination chamber (gpm) per chamber (cfm)
Third determination Foam solution delivery rate between Same determination
foam maker and foam
house
Fourth Size pipe from foam maker(s) to Size pipe from foam generator
determination foam house (s) to foam house
Fifth determination Determine type and size of foam Same determination
proportioner
Sixth determination Determine hydraulic requirements Same determination
in foam house
Seventh Evaluate water supply/demand Same determination
determination requirement at foam house
Eighth Assess requirement for pump in Same requirement
determination foam house; recalculate hydraulic
requirements in foam house

Aircraft Hangar Protection
The Design Process
Step - 01: Classify the Aircraft hangar into the correct group from
Group 1 through 4 ( NFPA 409, 2019; Chapter 4)
Step – 02: Select the Appropriate Protection option available

based on group of hangar( NFPA 409, 2019; Chapter 6,7,8 & 9)
Step – 03: Determine Monitor System Discharge Time and

Application Rates.
Step – 04: Determine Hand Line System Discharge Time and

Application Rates

Protection Options:
Once the aircraft hangar classification has been determined, fire
protection requirements can be established.
There are (3) types of primary foam systems available for aircraft
hangars.
• PRIMARY FOAM-WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEMS (May require
supplemental oscillating foam monitors)
• LOW-LEVELVEL FOAM SYSTEMS (Monitors or Grate
Nozzles)
• HIGH EXPANSION FOAM SYSTEMS
• Supplemental Requirements for all above systems FOAM-
WATER HAND HOSE LINE SYSTEMS
Foam Demand Calculations:
Application Rate Over an area of Coverage for a specific Period

of time
All Low-Expansion foam systems are sized on a (GPM / FT²) application density of
solution flow philosophy
All Medium and High-Expansion foam systems are sized on a (CFM) volumetric rate
of discharge philosophy

Group I Hangar Protection
OPTION 1
• Group I hangars overhead foam-water deluge systems as

primary protection. AFFF with non-aspirating sprinklers
uses gpm/ft² application density / 130 ft² maximum head
spacing.
• The maximum protected floor area under an individual

deluge system shall not exceed 15,000ft².
• Sprinklers shall have a minimum nominal orifice size of ¼

in. and shall be listed with the particular type of foam
concentrate to be used in the system.
• When the hangar contains aircraft with wing areas exceeding

3000ft², the hangar must also be provided with a monitor
system. A monitor system is also recommended when the
hangar stores several aircraft with wing areas less than
3000ft² each.
• The minimum design density for this monitor system is to

cover center fuselage and wing area at a density of .10
gpm/ft² for AFFF.

OPTION 2
• The hangar must contain a water sprinkler system (wet pipe

or pre-action) and a low level foam-water system to cover
the entire hangar floor area.
• The maximum sprinkler system size shall not exceed

52,000ft².
• The water system is based on .17 gpm/ft² application rate

over any 15,000ft² area.
• 130 ft² maximum head spacing.
• QR K-5.6 or K-8.0 sprinklers shall be used with a

temperature rating of 175°F. (200°F may be permitted)
• The foam-water monitor or grate nozzle system is based on

0.10 gpm/ft² (AFFF) application rate over the entire hangar
area

OPTION 3
• The hangar must contain a water sprinkler system (wet pipe

or pre-action) and a high-expansion system to cover the
entire hangar floor area.

52,000ft².
• The water system is based on .17 gpm/ft² application rate

over any 15,000ft² area.

temperature rating of 175°F. (200°F may be permitted)
• The high-expansion foam system is designed to deliver foam

at a rate providing a 3’ depth in 1 minute.
• Foam generators are required to be supplied with fresh

‘outside air’. Relief venting is also required with free air
flow not to exceed 1000 ft/min

Group II Hangar Protection
OPTION 1
Requirements are similar to the protection scheme for Group

I Option I.
OPTION 2
• The hangar must contain a water sprinkler system (wet

pipe or pre-action) and a low-level foam-water system
to cover the entire hangar floor area.

52,000ft².
• The water system is based on 0.17 gpm/ft² application

rate over any 5000ft².

temperature rating of 325°F - 375°F.

• The foam-water monitor or grate nozzle system is based
on .10 gpm/ft² (AFFF) application rate over the entire
hangar area.
OPTION 3
• The hangar must contain a water sprinkler system (wet

pipe or pre-action) and a high-expansion foam system
to cover the entire hangar floor area.

52,000ft².
• The water system is based on .17 gpm/ft² application

rate over any 5000ft².

temperature rating of 325°F - 375°F.
• The high-expansion foam system is designed to deliver

foam at a rate providing a 3’ depth in 1 minute.

OPTION 4
• The hangar must contain a closed head AFFF foam-water

sprinkler system.
• Maximum head spacing is limited to 100ft².
• The maximum protected floor area under an individual

sprinkler system shall not exceed 15,000ft².
• Sprinklers shall have a minimum nominal orifice size of ¼

in. and shall be listed with the particular type of foam
concentrate to be used in the system.
• Sprinkler temperature rating shall be 175°F - 225°F.
• System shall not be required to be pre-primed with foam-

water solution.

Foam Water Hand Hose System
All hangars housing fueled aircraft shall have a foam water hose
system
Exemption: Group 4 hangars with a fire area less than 12,000 SF do not require
foam hose line
• The hand hose line must be situated with sufficient length of

hose to provide water or foam on each side and into the
interior of aircraft.
• Two hand hose line flowing minimum for agent and water
calculations
• Above length considerations may dictate additional hose

lines are required to cover additional areas of the hangar.
• The supply of foam concentrate shall be sufficient to supply

2 hose lines for a period of 20 Minutes at a discharge of 60
GPM each

Primary System Discharge Time

Example Calculation for High Expansion Foam Demand:
Type of Hangar: Group 1

Hangar Dimensions:
Length = 165 ft.
Width = 140 ft.
1. Area of Hangar:
165 x 140 = 23,100 SF
2. Required CFM for Hangar:
Area X Application Rate
23100 x 3 (#NFPA 409, cl. 6.2.3.4.2)
= 69300 CFM
Submergence Time = 1 Min.
• #NFPA 409. 6.2.5.4.2 The application rate shall be a minimum of 0.9

m3/min/m2 (3 ft3/min/ft2).
• #NFPA 409. 6.2.5.4.3 The discharge rate of the system shall be based on the
application rate multiplied by the entire aircraft storage and servicing floor
area. The application total discharge rate shall include the sprinkler breakdown
factor in accordance with NFPA 11.

3. Calculate Sprinkler Breakdown Factor (Rs) :
#NFPA 11, 7.12.8.2.3.2; Where sprinklers are present in an area to be protected by

high-expansion foam, the simultaneous operation will cause breakdown of the foam .
The rate of breakdown will depend on the number of sprinklers operating and the
subsequent total rate of water discharge . The number of sprinklers expected to
operate will depend on various factors as outlined in NFPA 13.
Rate of foam breakdown by Sprinklers (Rs)
=SxQ
Where ;
S = foam breakdown in ft:3 / min• gpm (m3 / min• L/ min) of

sprinkler discharge . S shall be 10 ft3/ min· gpm (0.0748 m3/ min·
L/ min) .
Q = estimated total discharge from maximum number of

sprinklers expected to operate in gpm (L/ min)
Q = 0.17 x Area of Operation

Q = 0.17 x 15000
Q = 2550 GPM ( Overhead Sprinkler Discharge)
Rs = 10 x 2550
Rs= 25500 CFM

Required CFM for High Expansion Foam:
(Required CFM for hangar + Sprinkler Breakdown) x Normal

Foam Shrinkage x Leakage
(69300 + 25500) x 1.15 x 1.2
= 130824 CFM
The capacity of Available Generator
Min. psi = 50 psi

CFM output = 14491 CFM
Flow GPM = 119 GPM
No. of Generator Required = Required CFM / CFM output
= 130824 /14491
= 9 Nos.
4. Agent Calculation:
Total Flow from the all Generators = flow of one generator x no.
of generators
= 119 x 9
= 1074 GPM
Required Solution in Gallons = Total flow x duration x % foam
concentrate

= 1074 x 10 x 2%
= 214 Gallons
5. Sprinkler Demand:
Q = 0.17 x Area of Operation

Q = 0.17 x 15000
Q = 2550 GPM
6. Foam Water Hose Demand:
No. of Handlines x demand for each handline x duration x %

foam concentrate
= 2 x 60 x 20 x 0.03
= 72 GPM

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What are the different types of foam concentrates used for fire protection?

What are the different types of foam concentrates used for fire protection?

What are the steps involved in designing a foam water sprinkler system?

What are the steps involved in designing a foam water sprinkler system?

GUIDE FOR

FIRE PROTECTION AND

Design Procedure for foam Water Sprinkler system

Principle of Hydraulic calculations

Use of Darcy Weisbach Formula & Moody diagram

Design Procedure for Storage Tank Protection

Aircraft Hangar Protection options per NFPA 409 and

By: Mehboob Shaikh

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

▪ Foam/Water Sprinkler System for Warehouses/Diesel

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

Step : 1 : Determine the applicable NFPA Code or Insurance Company

Step : 2 : Determine the Application Rate

Step : 3 : Determine Discharge Duration

Step : 4 : Determine the Demand Area

Step : 5 : Determine the Foam Quantity

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

Type of Foam Concentrate Use : 3% AFFF

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

Application Rate : 0.16 gpm/ SF

Duration of the Discharge = 10 Min.

Foam Solution Required = 9600 Gallon

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

Storage Commodity : Combustible Liquid

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

Foam Solution Dishcharge rate : 0.16 x 443 = 70.88 GPM

Design Pressure @ Nozzle : 30 psi

Nozzle minimum operating pressure = 30 psi

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

No. of Sprinklers = Total Area / Coverage area per sprinkler

No. of Sprinklers = 443 / 100

No. of Sprinklers = 6 Sprinklers

Calculation for K Factor

Total requirement of foam Solution = 70.88 GPM

Selecting Next higher available K Factor from Manufacuter

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

Discharge (Q) = k x ( P)^(1/2)

Approach-02 : Taking Min. Operating Pressure as the governing

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

Dicharge Rate will be = 0.164 > Min. required density of 0.16

Pipe Sizing Caculation(Refer Below Piping layout):

For Pipe Sections (Q = 32.4 GPM)

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

For Pipe Sections (Q = 98.4 GPM)

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

16.4 GPM 16.4 GPM

98.4 GPM 98.4 GPM

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

MITI Consultancy Design|Inspection|Training info@mitionline.com

Nodes GPM(Q) Pipe Pipe Eq. pipe C Friction Required