HW2 - Kelompok 2

Kelompok 2
Herald Matius Unggul S 2106781514

Randi Sitorus 2206013602
Tugas Energi Berkelanjutan 2
1. Hydropower plant consists of 4 turbines each with 150 MW capacity, and runs with a mean
head of approximately H = 600 m. Assuming that the efficiency of the turbines are 95%, find
the maximum flow rate through the turbines!
Answer:
P = ρ*g*H*Q*ε
Where : P = Power (W)
g = Gravity acceleration (m/s2)
ρ = density (kg/m3)
H = head (m)
d = flow rate (m3/s)
ε = efficiency (%)
Turbine Output = 150 MW * 4 = 600 MW = 600 x 106 W
631.600.000 W = ρ*g*H*d* ε
631.600.000 W = 9,8 m/s2 * (95%) * 600 m * d * 0,95
d= 600.000.000 W
9,8 m/s2 * 1000 kg/m3 * 600 m * 0,95
d = 107,42 m3/s (maximum flow rate)
2. The above hydropower plant has two of the turbines that can be reversed and pump the water
from the low to the high water reservoir. It is used for seasonal storage, and the high reservoir
has a capacity of 3×109 m3 of water. Use the numbers given in (1) and find how many days of
stored energy this corresponds to when the electricity consumption is 120 TWh per year.
Answer:
Total power production = 3x109 m3 / 107,42 m3/s
Period = 3x109 m3 / 107,42 m3 x 60 x 60
= 7757,71 hour
Total Power = Total power productio period x Turbine Output

= 7757,71 hour x 2 x 150 MW
= 2.327.313 MW.h
Yearly consumption = 120 TWh = 120 x 106 MW.h / year

= 328.767, 123 MW.h / day
Number of days turbine = Total Power / Yearly consumption

can give power = 2.327.313 MW.h / 328.767, 123 MW.h / day
= 7 days
3. Give short analysis on:

a) Global readiness level of ocean energy technologies
b) The potential and distribution of ocean energy in Indonesia
Answer:
a) The potential of oceans as an energy source is staggering, more than sufficient to meet
global electricity demand well into the future. Ocean resources vary from tidal currents
and waves, to temperature and salinity gradients. Ocean energy technologies could
contribute to energy independence, decarbonisation and job creation. Ocean energy
technologies are commonly categorised based on the resource utilised to generate
energy. Tidal stream and wave energy converters are the most widely developed
Kelompok 2
Herald Matius Unggul S 2106781514
Randi Sitorus 2206013602
technologies across geographies, aside from tidal range, which is only suitable in
limited locations. Other ocean energy technologies that harness energy from the
differences in temperature or from the difference in salinity, or that make use of ocean
currents, may become increasingly relevant over longer time horizons. The variety of
the source for ocean energy thus far are tidal energy, wave energy, ocean thermal
energy, salinity gradient energy and ocean current energy. Eventhough there are a lot
of potentials of energy source for ocean energy there are still a lot of challenges that the
world have to overcome in order to fully utilize the ocean energy. From the sector of
technology, due to continuous water movement and salinity the subsea marine
environment is harsh and poses numerous technical challenges. From financial sector,
the levelised costs of energy for ocean energy are in most cases significantly higher
than for other renewable energy carriers due to high upfront costs. The regulatory and
policy for ocean energy that is needed for adopting ocean energy not adequately
available because of the lack of ocean energy networks and umbrella organisations that
have the resources and experience in developing such regulatory frameworks and
discussing potential policies with authorities. The impacts of ocean energy technologies
on marine life are still unknown due to the early stage of technology deployment.
However the world has already made progress to reduce the levelised cost of ocean
energy by doing risk assessment and mitigation and blended finance approach and
making some proposal on regulatory and policy such as Conduct effective marine
spatial planning (MSP) and incorporate ocean energy on regional and national levels
and Include mapped resource potential in climate and energy strategies.
b) The potential and distribution of ocean energy in Indonesia

Indonesia is the largest archipelago state in the world comprising 17,480 islands, with
a maritime territory measured nearly by 6 million square kilometres. Indonesia also as
an archipelago nation which has lots of maritime space, triggering inter-continental
maritime connections and fishing ground areas that is related to Pacific and Indian
Ocean. Due to many promising potentions from the sea, it will be good harnessing of
renewable energy from it. As a maritime country which has large ocean area, Indonesia
has large maritime potential. The potential of electricity generated from marine energy
in Indonesia has been widely studied and calculated by various parties, one of which
is the calculation issued by the Association of Marine Energy of Indonesia - ASELI.
One of the ocean energy potential is the Ocean Wave Energy. Some areas with wave
heights of more than 2 meters and a 10-second period are potential waves for renewable
energy development. Potential of wave energy in the area reaching at 1200 MW with
plant capacity of 0.5 - 2 MW.

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Kelompok 2

Herald Matius Unggul S 2106781514

Total Power = Total power productio period x Turbine Output

Yearly consumption = 120 TWh = 120 x 106 MW.h / year

Number of days turbine = Total Power / Yearly consumption

3. Give short analysis on:

b) The potential and distribution of ocean energy in Indonesia

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