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A Cognitive-Behavioral Model

for Eating Disorders

DR. JENNA DILOSSI, PSY.D.


Licensed Psychologist & Diplomate CBT-Certified Therapist
Co-Founder & Clinical Director
Center for Hope & Health, LLC.

January 14, 2022

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©2022 Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Dr. Aaron T. Beck developed CBT at the


University of Pennsylvania in the 1960s.
In 1994, Dr. Beck and his daughter, Dr.
Judith Beck, established Beck Institute.
Beck Institute is a leading international
source for training, therapy, and
resources in Cognitive Behavior Therapy
(CBT) and Recovery Oriented Cognitive
Therapy (CT-R).

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© 2022 Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy
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About Beck Institute

Our mission is to improve lives worldwide


through excellence and innovation in
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) Training,
Practice and Research.

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Objectives
• Identify and interpret specific measures used to assess vital elements
related to eating pathology and treatment (i.e., symptom severity, level
of risk, level of care, maintenance variables).
• Classify and differentiate between specific eating disorder diagnoses
and sub-clinical disordered eating presentations.
• Formulate individualized, transdiagnostic case conceptualizations
rooted in a cognitive-behavioral framework.
• Design collaborative, behaviorally driven treatment plans aimed
towards immediate symptom reduction, effective relapse prevention,
and long-term maintenance of progress.
• Recognize when and how treatment plans ought to be modified (e.g.,
incorporating additional treatment providers or referring to a higher
level of care) to optimize outcomes.

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Agenda
A Cognitive-Behavioral Model for Eating Disorders:
• Eating Disorders (EDs)
o Identification
o Diagnosis
o Assessment
o Vignette

• Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (CBT) for EDs


o Origin and Efficacy
o Conceptualization Models
o Key Tenants
o Core Interventions

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EATING DISORDER
IDENTIFICATION

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ED Identification
Prevalence Statistics:
• In the U.S., 20 million women and 10 million men will suffer from a clinically
significant ED at some point in their life
• 95% of those who have EDs are between the ages of 12 and 25.8
• 91% of women surveyed on a college campus had attempted to control
their weight through dieting. 22% dieted “often” or “always”
• 35% of “normal dieters” progress to pathological dieting. Of those, 20-25%
progress to partial or full-diagnosis for EDs
• 25% of college-aged women engage in bingeing and purging as a
weight-management technique
• Over one-half of teenage girls and nearly one-third of teenage boys use
unhealthy weight control behaviors such as skipping meals, fasting,
smoking cigarettes, vomiting, and taking laxatives
• 47% of girls in 5th-12th grade reported wanting to lose weight because of
magazine pictures.
National Association of Anorexia Nervosa And Associated Disorders
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ED Identification
Risk Factors:
• Demographics
o Female, adolescence, Western beauty ideals, LGBTQI, athletes
• Personality
o Perfectionism, “people pleasing,” passivity, rigidity, impulsivity
• Comorbidity
o Major Depressive Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
• Coping Style
o Active vs. passive (avoidant)
• Life Events
o Trauma, bullying, parenting issues, onset of certain physical illnesses
• Genetics
o Metabolism/weight history and predisposition

Rohde, P., Stice, E., & Marti, C. N. (2014). Development and predictive effects of eating disorder risk factors during adolescence:
Implications for prevention efforts. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(2), 187-198.
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ED Identification
Disordered Eating vs. ED Diagnosis:
• Disordered Eating
o Refers to non-normative eating habits that do not cause psychological or
physical distress and/or are below the the diagnostic threshold for intensity,
frequency, and duration of symptoms

• ED Diagnosis
o Refer to maladaptive eating patterns consistent with the diagnostic criteria
listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th
Edition (DSM-5), implying that such patterns cause clinically significant
psychological distress and/or impairment in functioning

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EATING DISORDER
DIAGNOSIS

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ED Diagnosis
Diagnostic Classification:
• Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
o Restricting Type (R)
o Binge/ Purge Type (B/P)
• Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
• Binge-Eating Disorder (BED)
• Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorder (OSFED)
• Unspecified Feeding and Eating Disorder (USFED)

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ED Diagnosis
Accurate Diagnosis Note:
• ED diagnosis can (and often does) change over time, but one cannot
be diagnosed with more than one ED at the same time.
o AN trumps BN
o BN trumps BED
o BED trumps OSFED
o OSFED trumps USFED

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ED Diagnosis
Diagnosing AN:
• Restriction of energy intake leading to low body weight within context of
age, sex, developmental stage
o Significantly low weight: less than minimally normal/expected
• Intense fear of weight gain/ becoming fat, even though underweight or
persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain, even though at a
significantly low body weight
• Disturbance in the way body weight, shape, or size is experienced;
undue influence on self-evaluation; denial of the intensity of low body
weight

o Specify:
 Subtype: R or B/P (3 months)
 Status: In Partial Remission or In Full Remission
 Severity: BMI (>17- <15)

Criteria Listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)
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ED Diagnosis
Diagnosing BN:
• Recurrent binge-eating episodes
o Excessive quantity, within 2-hour period
o Perceived lack of control
• Recurrent compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain
• Binge & compensatory behavior occur at least 1x per week for 3
months
• Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body weight, shape, & size
• Not occurring during AN

o Specify:
 Status: In Partial Remission or n Full Remission
 Severity: Frequency per week (1-14/+ episodes)

Criteria Listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)
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ED Diagnosis
Diagnosing BED:
• Recurrent binge-eating episodes
o Excessive quantity, within 2-hour period
o Perceived lack of control
• Binge-eating episodes associated with 3/+ features
o Features: Rapid, uncomfortably full, no physical hunger, alone, negative
emotion)
• Marked distress regarding binge-eating
• Binge-eating occurs at least 1x per week for 3 months
• No compensatory strategy; Not occurring during AN or BN

o Specify:
 Status: In Partial Remission or In Full Remission
 Severity: Frequency per week (1-14/+ episodes)

Criteria Listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)
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ED Diagnosis
Diagnosing OSFED:
• ED symptoms present with clinical impairment in functioning but does
not meet full criteria

o Specified:
 Atypical AN: body weight above or within normal range
 Sub-threshold BN: Recurrent episodes < 1x per week and/or < 3 months
 Sub-threshold BED: Recurrent episodes < 1x per week and/or < 3 months
 Purging Disorder: Recurrent purging behavior to influence body weight,
shape, or size w/o binge episode
 Night Eating Syndrome: Recurrent episodes of night eating upon awakening
and/or after evening meal; Awareness of the eating

Criteria Listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)
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ED Diagnosis
Diagnosing USFED:
• ED symptoms present with clinical impairment in functioning but does
not meet full criteria
o Unspecified:
 Clinician chooses not to specify
 Insufficient information needed to specify

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EATING DISORDER
ASSESSMENT

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ED Assessment
General Variables:
• Medical Information/clearances
• DSM-5 criteria
• EDE/EDQ
• BDI/BAI
• Suicide and/ or abuse risk
• Motivation level
• Treatment history and expectations

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ED Assessment
Initial Evaluation Interview:
• What the patient would like to be different
• Current problems with eating (as perceived by the patient or by
others), including
o Eating Habits
o Methods of shape and weight control
o Views on shape and weight
• Impairment resulting from the eating problem
o Psychosocial impairment
o Physical impairment

From Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders by Christopher G. Fairburn.


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ED Assessment
Initial Evaluation Interview Con’t:
• Development and evolution of the eating problem (including the
patient’s weight history and prior experience of treatment)
• Co-existing psychiatric and general medical problem (including any
current treatment)
• Brief personal history
• Family psychiatric and general medical history
• Personal psychiatric and general medical history
• Current circumstances and plans
• Attitude to attendance and treatment (and any ongoing treatment)

From Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders by Christopher G. Fairburn.


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EATING DISORDER
VIGNETTE

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ED Vignette: ”T"
T is a 28-year-old white, single, female working as an insurance policy analyst who
presents for a consultation regarding eating problems. She is third of four children from a
wealthy midwestern family. No one in her family presents with food or weight problems,
but she recalls a strong value on being fit and in shape. As a child T was an athlete and
good student, she developed an interest in figure skating.

At age 15 she was transferred into a boarding school where her parents felt like would
give her an edge to get into an Ivy League school. She described herself as well
adjusted, with friends, coping well and doing well in school. She was still figure skating
and recalls her coach at the time mentioned that she may do better competitively if she
lost a couple pounds. She was 5’7 and 128 pounds.

T began dieting and increased her exercise on top of her skating practice. She would
work out 6 days per week in addition to her exercise demands for her sport. She
eliminated desserts and red meat from her diet. Her rigid schedule and new diet
demands caused her to grow distant from her new friend group. During this year, her
weight dropped from 128 to 100 and her menstruating ceased. After the school year was
over, her dieting eased up and she started eating more over the summer.

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ED Vignette: “T”
She then found herself struggling to control her appetite and portions. Eventually, she
began bingeing on forbidden foods like cookies and ice cream after her family went to
bed. When she returned to school, she started a chaotic dieting pattern of restricting and
overeating and then bingeing approximately 1-2x a week. Her exercise decreased and
her eating increased causing her to gain weight throughout this year. She went back to
125 pounds and resumed her menses.

This chaotic eating remained until college and her weight climbed to the 150s. After one
bad binge over a holiday break, T tried and successfully purged. Over the last 10 years
she has been bingeing and purging while failing dieting multiple times a week. She is very
ashamed of her eating patterns, struggles with body image, has obsessions about food
and weight loss, and overall feels like a failure.

T presents as motivated for change to improve her health and to rid herself of the shame
and control that food has over her. However, she also acknowledges the ambivalence
she is feeling at the idea of change due to fears of weight gain and self-doubt about her
ability to successfully break this pattern of behavior after several failed attempts.

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ORIGIN AND EFFICACY OF
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT
FOR EATING DISORDERS

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Origin and Efficacy of CBT for EDs


CBT-BN:
• Original model
• Christopher Fairburn
• Developed in late 1970s and refined throughout the 1980s and 1990s
• Theory-driven based on the core maintenance variables of BN
• Designed for adults in outpatient settings
• Successful randomized controlled trials
o Roughly 50-60% of patients with BN who receive manual-based CBT achieve
either near or full recovery that appears well maintained over time

Fairburn, C. G. (1981). A cognitive behravioural approach to the treatment of bulimia. Psychological Medicine, 11, 707-711;
Fairburn, C. G., Marcus, M. D., & Wilson, G. T. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for binge eating and bulimia
beckinstitute.org nervosa: A comprehensive treatment manual. In C. G. Fairburn & G. T. Wilson (Eds.), Binge eating: Nature,
©2022 Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy assessment, and treatment (pp.361-404), New York: Guildford Press, 25

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Origin and Efficacy of CBT for EDs
CBT-E:
• Enhanced model
• Christopher Fairburn, Zafra Cooper, Roz Shafran
• Modified in early 2000s
• CBT-BN model enhanced to further address obstacles to successful
outcomes and be “transdiagnostic” to all EDs with two forms (i.e., focused
form vs. broad form)
• Adapted versions for adolescents and higher levels of care
• Successful randomized controlled trials
o 65% efficacy
o Gold Standard for BN and BED; suitable for AN

Fairburn, C. G. (2008). Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. Guilford Press.;
Fairburn, C. G., Cooper, Z., & Shafran, R. (2003). Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: A
beckinstitute.org “transdiagnostic” theory and treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 509-528.
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CONCEPTUALIZATION MODELS OF
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT
FOR EATING DISORDERS

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Conceptualization Model of CBT for EDs
Core Psychopathology of EDs:
• Over-evaluation of body weight, shape, and size
o Overvalued and dysfunctional concerns drive extreme dieting/restriction
and weight loss behavior
o Extreme dieting/restriction leads to binge-eating
o Binge-eating leads to purging and extreme dieting/restriction
o Purging and extreme dieting/restriction reinforces over-evaluation

Fairburn, C. G. (2008). Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. Guilford Press.
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Conceptualization Model of CBT for EDs


AN Model:
Over-evaluation of shape and
weight and their control

Strict dieting:
Non compensatory
Weight control behavior

Significantly low weight

• Preoccupation with eating


• Social withdrawal
• Heightened fullness
• Heightened obsessionality

From Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders by Christopher G. Fairburn.


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Conceptualization Model of CBT for EDs
BN Model:
Over-evaluation of shape and
weight and their control

Strict dieting; non-compensatory


weight-control behavior

Events and associated


mood change
Binge eating

Compensatory vomiting/
laxative misuse

From Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders by Christopher G. Fairburn.


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Conceptualization Model of CBT for EDs


Transdiagnostic Model:
Over-evaluation of shape and
weight and their control

Strict dieting:
Non compensatory
Weight control behavior

Events and associated Significantly low weight


mood change
Binge eating

Compensatory vomiting/
laxative misuse

From Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders by Christopher G. Fairburn.


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Problem-Focused Cognitive Conceptualization
RELEVANT LIFE HISTORY: Family value of being fit and in shape; aesthetically-focused
sport; coach encouraged weight loss

CORE BELIEFS: I am a failure. I am unworthy.

CONDITIONAL ASSUMPTIONS/ BELIEFS/ RULES: If I eat a ”bad” food, then I messed up


the day. If I gain weight, then I won’t be attractive

COPING STRATEGIES: Repeated attempts at dieting; binge-eating; self-induced vomiting;


self-criticism; body avoidance

SITUATION #1: SITUATION #2: SITUATION #3:


Jeans are too tight. Ate 2 cookies at work Compliment about outfit

AUTOMATIC THOUGHT: AUTOMATIC THOUGHT: AUTOMATIC THOUGHT:


I have let myself go. I already screwed up. I must have lost weight.

MEANING OF AT: MEANING OF AF: MEANING OF AF:


I am disgusting. I have no self-control. I am more worthy.

EMOTION: EMOTION: EMOTION:


Frustration; shame Embarrassment; hopeless Happy; proud

BEHAVIOR: Restricts BEHAVIOR: Binge-eat BEHAVIOR: Weighs self

© 2018. Adapted from J. Beck (2020) Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond, 3rd edition.
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Strength-Based Cognitive Conceptualization


RELEVANT LIFE HISTORY: Loving family; did well in school; social with lots of friends; has dated

ADAPTIVE CORE BELIEFS: I am generally loveable and well-liked. I am competent.

ADAPTIVE ASSUMPTIONS/ BELIEFS/ RULES: My family and friend love me regardless of my


body. Some men prefer more weight.

ADAPTIVE COPING STRATEGIES: Hang out with friends; do improv comedy; assert my needs
to friends and colleagues

SITUATION #1: SITUATION #2: SITUATION #3:


Jeans are too tight. Ate 2 cookies at work Compliment about outfit

AUTOMATIC THOUGHT: AUTOMATIC THOUGHT: AUTOMATIC THOUGHT:


This happens sometimes. I gave myself a treat! People think I look good.

MEANING OF AT: MEANING OF AF: MEANING OF AF:


Not the end of the world. I can maintain balance. I am attractive.

EMOTION: EMOTION: EMOTION:


Slightly bummed out Neutral Happy

BEHAVIOR: Eats next meal BEHAVIOR: Conversation BEHAVIOR: Cooks dinner

© 2018. Adapted from J. Beck (2020) Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond, 3rd edition.
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KEY TENANTS OF
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT
FOR EATING DISORDERS

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Key Tenants of CBT for EDs


Treatment Expectations:
• Systematically addresses each of the primary and secondary
(maintenance) components of the ED cycle
• Directive, active, problem-oriented, collaborative approach, focused
on the here and now

o Structure:
 Focused Form: Generally provided in 16 to 20 50-minute sessions over a 4-
month period, roughly 40 sessions with BMI <16
 Broad Form: Extended to 30 sessions or 80-minute sessions to more
adequately address one or more of the following: clinical perfectionism,
core low self-esteem, interpersonal problems

Fairburn, C. G. (2008). Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. Guilford Press.
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Key Tenants of CBT for EDs
Primary Treatment Goals for AN:
• Assisting client to acknowledge the severity of the problem and
motivating them to stay engaged in treatment
• Weight gain and re-establishment of eating are non-negotiable
o Based on life-threatening weight loss/low weight
o Improvement in patient’s overall mental status
o Outcomes linked to the time frame between start of treatment and weight
gain
• Improve one’s ability to experience body weight, shape, and size more
accurately
• Reduce over-evaluation of body weight, shape, and size

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Key Tenants of CBT for EDs


Primary Treatment Goals for BN/BED/OSFED:
• Return to normal eating pattern throughout the day
o Frequency of eating episodes
o Diet includes a variety of foods
• Remit binge-eating episodes
• Remit compensatory behaviors
• Reduce over-evaluation of body weight, shape, and size
• Weight goals are usually not part of treatment plan
o May lose, gain, or maintain depending on presenting behavior and degree
of change made

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Key Tenants of CBT for EDs
Therapeutic Relationship:
• Engage the patient in treatment and change from the start
o Be empathic and conversational in manner
o Ask about their preferred name
o Convery understanding of eating problems and expertise in their
assessment and treatment
o Empathize with the ambivalence involved in seeking treatment
o Actively involve patient in the assessment process and in personalized
formulation
o Instill hope
o Avoid being controlling
o Repeatedly invite questions and check ins about patient being “on board”
o Enquire about concerns patient may have

Fairburn, C. G. (2008). Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. Guilford Press.
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CORE INTERVENTIONS IN
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT
FOR EATING DISORDERS

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Core Interventions in CBT for EDs
Beginning of Treatment:
• Symptom reduction  stabilizing eating behaviors
o Psychoeducation
 Share case conceptualization per symptom presentation
 Describe treatment sequence and tenants
 Impact of malnutrition and hunger
 Explain weight trends/differentiating between fluid shifts vs. change in body mass
o Collaborative weighing
 In-session weighing 1x/week only, plot trends on graph, corrective learning,
outcome measure in AN
o Self-monitoring
o Regulated eating

Fairburn, C. G. (2008). Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. Guilford Press.
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Core Interventions in CBT for EDs


Self-Monitoring Record:

Time Food/Drink Place * V/L Context/Comments


11:30am Turkey and cheese Dining hall Usual lunch. Felt hungry and enjoyed
sandwich in wheat this.
bread with mayo;
yogurt; diet coke
7:00-9:00pm Slices of lunch Kitchen * V I am so mad at myself. I ate like a fat
meat, bag of pig when I got home, and now I am
pretzels, 3 string disgusted with myself and don’t want
cheese, bunch of to go to the party tomorrow night
walnuts, 2 granola because I am going to look fat. Ugh
bars, apple and what is wrong with me?!
peanut butter,
more spoonful's of
peanut butter, 2
glasses of oat milk
12:30pm Half of banana My room Still feel gross, but I was somehow still
hungry and wanted something
sweet. Wouldn’t let myself have more
peanut butter because of earlier 

Monitoring Record From Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders by Christopher G. Fairburn.
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Core Interventions in CBT for EDs
Establishing Regulated Eating:
• Two primary components to form new eating pattern
o 3 planned meals plus 2-3 planned snacks
o Eating should be confined to these meals and snacks
• Guidance and collaboration is key to success
o Patient chooses foods at first
o Rarely allow more than 4-hour interval between meals and snacks
o New eating pattern needs to be prioritized
o Plan ahead
o Use others as reference points
o Social eating may need more planning
o Strategize how to resist eating between planned meals and snacks

Fairburn, C. G. (2008). Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. Guilford Press.
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Core Interventions in CBT for EDs


Middle of Treatment:
• Core psychopathology  removing maintenance variables
o Body image
 Feeling fat
 Social comparison
 Body checking and body avoidance
 Pie chart for self-evaluation
o Dietary restraint
o Fear food hierarchy
o Events, moods, and eating
 Identify high-risk situations
 Binge analysis
 Appropriate coping

Fairburn, C. G. (2008). Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. Guilford Press.
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Core Interventions in CBT for EDs
Addressing Body Checking:
• Psychoeducation about the impact of checking (spider phobia
metaphor)
• Adapt self-monitoring record to include body checking
o Collaboratively decide which checking behaviors need to be adjusted
versus completely ceased
• Questions to ask:
o How often do you look in mirror?
o How long do you take?
o What exactly do you do?
o What are you trying to find?
o Does this seem to improve or worsen your mood?
o If you are looking for fat, you are going to find it!

Fairburn, C. G. (2008). Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. Guilford Press.
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Core Interventions in CBT for EDs


Self-Monitoring Record with Body Checking:
Time Food/ Place * V/L Checking Place Context/
Drink (behavior, Comments
time)
6:30am Water Kitchen Looked at reflection (2 Kitchen My face looks really
mins) fat.
7:00am Looked in mirror while Bedroom Ugh my stomach is so
getting dressed-stood gross!
sideways (2 mins)
Pinched my fat rolls (5
mins)
7:10am Banana, bowl Kitchen Feel fine.
of cheerios
8:30am Checked mirror to see Bathroo How can I be so fat
if my butt looks big in m at already? I have only
this skirt (5 mins) work eaten breakfast!
10:00am Cereal bar Desk * Looked down at Desk Cannot believe that
stomach while having my stomach is so big.
a snack It is making me
grossed out. Want to
be skinny!

Monitoring Record From Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders by Christopher G. Fairburn.
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Core Interventions in CBT for EDs
Addressing Social Comparison:
• Psychoeducation about cognitive appraisals and biases in comparisons
• Identify when and how the patient makes comparisons
• Encourage patient to consider whether comparisons were inherently
biased in any way
• Explore the implications of any detected biases
o Comparison on a single domain
• Make comparisons more scientific!
o Compare to every third person of same gender and approximate age
o Purposefully scrutinize someone’s body (internally) focused on the parts in
which he/she is most self conscious

• Modify comparison-making

Fairburn, C. G. (2008). Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. Guilford Press.
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Core Interventions in CBT for EDs


End of Treatment:
• Relapse prevention  promoting maintaining progress
o Consolidation of progress
o Future-oriented
o Relapse prevention
o Managing lapses and set-backs
o Plan for review session
 Occurs months after treatment ends to follow up on progress)

Fairburn, C. G. (2008). Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. Guilford Press.
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Core Interventions in CBT for EDs
Best Practices for Relapse Prevention:
• Identify strategies and procedures to be continued
• Explain the importance of realistic expectations
• Psychoeducation setbacks
o Distinguish between a “lapse” and a “relapse”
• Identify specific variables in patient’s life that could be a trigger
o Plan for how to minimize risk of setback
• Develop plan for how to deal with setbacks
• Formulate long-term maintenance plan
o Practical for patient’s life
o Align with patient’s goals and values

Fairburn, C. G. (2008). Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. Guilford Press.
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Summary
Important Takeaways:
• EDs
o Both disordered eating and diagnosable EDs have a growing prevalence
o Biopsychosocial in nature with known risk variables
o Accurate and thorough assessment based on many factors

• CBT for EDs


o Empirically-supported with positive outcomes
o Collaborative, time-limited, goal-focused, engaging, and empowering
o Includes diagnosis-specific and transdiagnostic conceptualizations
o Aims to target the present variables that maintain the problematic eating
behaviors
o Prioritizes behavioral symptom reduction first and core psychopathology
secondary
o Can achieve long-term change

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THANK YOU!
QUESTIONS?

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Beck Institute CBT Certification

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