Learning Exercises - 3 GEC4 (STS) BEEd1B

BACHELOR OF SECONDARY EDUCATION & BACHELOR OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY (GEC 4)
Learning Exercise # 3
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT DEFINED SOCIETY
Name: Henerson Polis Capalis Date:
Course & Year: BEED 1B
Direction: Answer the following situation listed below.
1. What is the contribution of Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud in the philosophy of science?
Nicolaus Copernicus developed a heliocentric view of the cosmos that displaced humans from
the physical center of the universe. Charles Darwin developed an evolutionary theory that
placed humans firmly within the organismic order of nature.
Copernicus He was the first European scientist to propose that Earth and other planets revolve
around the sun, the heliocentric theory of the solar system
Darwin’s greatest contribution to science is that he completed the Copernican Revolution by

drawing out for biology the notion of nature as a system of matter in motion governed by
natural laws. With Darwin’s discovery of natural selection, the origin and adaptations of
organisms were brought into the realm of science.
Freud through the development of a novel observational method, Sigmund Freud made possible
the collection of reliable data about man’s inner life. The scientific hypotheses he formulated
about these formed the initial version of psychoanalysis.
2. Do you think experiment is still useful in science in the present time? Why?
Experiment plays many roles in science. One of its important roles is to test theories and to
provide the basis for scientific knowledge. It can also call for a new theory, either by showing
that an accepted theory is incorrect, or by exhibiting a new phenomenon that is in need of
explanation.
3. Which philosopher, out of Copernicus, Darwin, or Freud, would you choose to interview? What
would you say to him on their contributions to the scientific revolution?
Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) transformed the way we understand the natural world with
ideas that, in his day, were nothing short of revolutionary. He and his fellow pioneers in the field
of biology gave us insight into the fantastic diversity of life on Earth and its origins, including our
own as a species.
4. How do social and human issues influence science?
Social and human issues influence science in the sense that they may prompt scientific studies
aimed at solving them. For example, the recent coronavirus pandemic is a social issue that has
resulted in countless scientific efforts aimed at combating the disease.
5. Research on the different early civilizations and philosophers, and make a list of their discoveries
and/or contribution to science.
Copernican:
What did Copernicus discover? He extensively studied the motion of the earth. Copernicus
discovered that the earth rotates around its axis and suggested that it is the earth that revolves
around the sun. At that time, it was believed that the sun, the planets, and all other heavenly
bodies revolve around the earth.
Darwinian:
Darwin’s greatest contribution to science is that he completed the Copernican Revolution by
drawing out for biology the notion of nature as a system of matter in motion governed by
natural laws. With Darwin’s discovery of natural selection, the origin and adaptations of
organisms were brought into the realm of science.
Freudian:
Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis and introduced influential theories such as: his ideas of
the conscious and unconscious; the id, ego, and superego; dream interpretation; and
psychosexual development.
Information:
Information helps in avoiding the duplication of research. Information stimulates the thought
process of the users, particularly the scholars. Information helps the scientists, engineers,
scholars, etc. to get well informed with the current advancements in their subjects, and to keep
them up-to-date.
Meso-america:
Medicine, science, art, and philosophy were all very important to all three civilizations, but the
greatest priorities were on astronomy and architecture. The Aztecs, Maya, and Inca all
developed monumental architecture, meaning buildings of immense size and scale.
The Mayans developed an advanced language and writing system as well as books. …
The Fabled Mayan Calendar: Their most famous invention. …
Mayan astronomy was incredibly accurate. …
Mayan art was both beautiful and ominous. …
Mayan Medicine was surprisingly advanced. …
Mayan agriculture was highly advanced for the time
Asian:
In ancient times, Asian inventors came up with such fripperies as silk, soap, glass, ink, parasols,
and kites. Some inventions of a more serious nature also appeared at this time, like writing,
irrigation, and map-making.
Historically, Asia created a variety of technologies indigenously—such as papermaking, printing,
gunpowder, and the compass. However, it began to fall behind the West in the 15thcentury, and
the gap widened further with Europe’s industrial revolution (
Middle east:
Muslim rulers promoted the translation of Greek philosophy and science texts, and then
encouraged further scientific exploration in numerous fields, among them mathematics,
astronomy, medicine, pharmacology, optics, chemistry, botany, philosophy, and physics.
Africa:
Many advances in metallurgy and tool making were made across the entirety of ancient Africa.
These include steam engines, metal chisels and saws, copper and iron tools and weapons, nails,
glue, carbon steel and bronze weapons and art.Africa is home to some 30 percent of the world’s
mineral reserves, eight per cent of the world’s natural Gas and 12 per cent of the world’s oil
reserves. The continent has 40 percent of the world’s gold and up to 90 percent of its chromium
and platinum

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BACHELOR OF SECONDARY EDUCATION & BACHELOR OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY (GEC 4)

INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT DEFINED SOCIETY

Name: Henerson Polis Capalis Date:

Course & Year: BEED 1B

Direction: Answer the following situation listed below.

Darwin’s greatest contribution to science is that he completed the Copernican Revolution by

4. How do social and human issues influence science?

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