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    Kbedty

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    anas charbaoui
    Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to map groundwater conditions and subsurface anomalies. ERT employs an automated imaging system using multiple electrodes connected by cable. Resistivity measurements are collected automatically along profiles using different electrode configurations and spacings to image lateral and vertical resistivity variations over increasing depths. The data is processed using software to generate 2D subsurface resistivity models along profiles. ERT provides cost-effective geological information for groundwater exploration planning.

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    Kbedty

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    anas charbaoui
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    Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to map groundwater conditions and subsurface anomalies. ERT employs an automated imaging system using multiple electrodes connected by cable. Resistivity measurements are collected automatically along profiles using different electrode configurations and spacings to image lateral and vertical resistivity variations over increasing depths. The data is processed using software to generate 2D subsurface resistivity models along profiles. ERT provides cost-effective geological information for groundwater exploration planning.

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    Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to map groundwater conditions and subsurface anomalies. ERT employs an automated imaging system using multiple electrodes connected by cable. Resistivity measurements are collected automatically along profiles using different electrode configurations and spacings to image lateral and vertical resistivity variations over increasing depths. The data is processed using software to generate 2D subsurface resistivity models along profiles. ERT provides cost-effective geological information for groundwater exploration planning.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    25 views1 page

    Kbedty

    Uploaded by

    anas charbaoui
    Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to map groundwater conditions and subsurface anomalies. ERT employs an automated imaging system using multiple electrodes connected by cable. Resistivity measurements are collected automatically along profiles using different electrode configurations and spacings to image lateral and vertical resistivity variations over increasing depths. The data is processed using software to generate 2D subsurface resistivity models along profiles. ERT provides cost-effective geological information for groundwater exploration planning.

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    Materials and Methods

    In this survey, ERT method with ABEM Lund Imaging System (Lund University, Lund, Sweden) [16]
    was applied using different layouts. This is an automated imaging system for the collection,
    processing, and presentation of resistivity. This method is based on the conductivity difference
    between the rock formation and the surrounding materials. By studying the underground steady
    electric field, this method is a very useful exploration tool to solve the engineering hydrogeological
    problems. The resistivity imaging is a recently developed modern technique to investigate the
    subsurface characteristics of the areas with complex geological settings where the applications of
    other methods such as resistivity soundings are not affective [43]. This method is defined by the
    density, the arrangement of electrodes and the amount of information to be acquired. ERT provides
    the subsurface geologic information through the corresponding interpretation using a software.
    Water 2018, 10, 293 5 of 22
    An example for the principle of building up a resistivity pseudo-section using ABEM Terrameter
    with a system of 20 electrodes for pole-dipole array is given in Figure 4. It is a multi-function electrical
    instrument that has a multi-electrode convertor for the observations. Electrical resistivity tomography
    (ERT) is cost effective, fast, and versatile technique for mapping the groundwater conditions and
    assessing the shallow subsurface anomalies [44]. This technique is useful to obtain the important
    information for the planning of groundwater exploration. By increasing the electrode spacing, it can
    measure a series of constant separation traverses. Since increasing the separation provides more
    depth penetration, the vertical contoured image of measured apparent resistivity shows lateral and
    vertical variations in apparent resistivity over the section. The important geological units such as
    weathered/partly weathered/fissured layers, fractures and faults associated with the groundwater
    occurrence in the area were the main targets under this investigation. Different rock types (weathered
    rocks, partly weathered rocks, unweathered rocks), fractures, fissures, streams, or springs in the
    surroundings were considered as important aspects in selecting the locations for the resistivity
    lines. It was also very important to get the useful geological information in situ by drilling the
    boreholes. The slurry hole-boring method was used for drilling without using any metallic casing in
    this investigation.
    Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a complete automated technique that is employed using
    several electrodes joined by a multicore cable. The positions of current and potential electrodes are
    adjusted by a resistivity meter using a microprocessor controlled electronic module. Before starting
    the field measurements, a specific electrode configuration with fixed electrode spacing and all other
    required information is provided to the resistivity meter through a computer and resistivity data is
    collected automatically through this arrangement. To get the accurate position of the profiles and
    electrodes, surveying instrumentation and GPS systems (MAP60, Garmin, Olathe, KS, USA) were
    used in the field measurements. Commercially available software (prosys-geotomo software) is used
    to process this field data in different stages. The obtained apparent resistivity data is inverted by
    the software to generate a 2D image of the modeled resistivity along the profile. 2D as well as a 3D
    image of the subsurface can be obtained using the proper survey pattern and data procedure. In this
    study, 2D resistivity imaging was used along four profiles. Pole-dipole configuration was used to
    collect the resistivity data along four profiles with remote pole at a distance of 3 to 4 times t

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