MUSIC 10

Lesson 1: Impressionism in Music

Impressionism was originally used to describe the style of an entire group of Paris-
based artists. It is derived from the title of a Claude Monet work, “Impression, Soleil
Levant (Impression, Sunrise)”.
Just like Impressionist art whose aim was to suggest rather than to clearly draw
objects, Impressionist music focused on using blurred harmony and delicate shadings of
sound rather than standard forms and a strong, clear rhythmic beat. There is an air of
mystery, magic and wonder that surrounds Impressionistic music.

Several musical styles existed around the beginning of the twentieth century. Impressionism was represented by
two of its leading composers:
• Claude Debussy
• Maurice Ravel

Claude Debussy
Born : August 22, 1862
Died ; March 25, 1918 (Paris, France)
Achille-Claude Debussy was a French composer who served as a linked from the Romantic
period to the twentieth century. He is considered to have started the modern period of classical
music.

At 10 years old, Debussy entered the Paris Conservatory to study music. As a child, Debussy was already fascinated
by visual art and loved the new style called impressionism. Instead of painting realistic, lifelike painting with hard outlines,
Impressionists used thousands of dots, or many different shades of color to create the “impression” of what they want to
depict. Debussy took that idea and applied it to music, creating impressionism in music.

Musical Styles
1. Orchestral sound is often somewhat monophonic with individual instruments contributing color by breaking off
from the unison-like sound.
2. Emphasizes on solo woodwinds, muted brass, and soft percussion.
3. Themes and motifs are fragmented and often based upon modes, pentatonic and whole tone scales.
4. Harmony is slightly dissonant.
5. Use of light, glittering passages helps mask the tonality and form and meter.
6. Frequent use of long pedal points and the damper pedal.
7. Traditional sonata form is avoided.
8. Defined sections are no longer balanced.

Musical Works
1. Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun (chamber music)
2. La Mer (chamber music)
3. Pelleas et Melisande (opera)
4. Claire de lune

Maurice Ravel
Born : March 7, 1875
Died ; December 28, 1937
Maurice Ravel was a French composer born to a Basque mother, Marie Delouart and Swiss
inventor and industrialist, Joseph Maurice Ravel. He studied at the Paris conservatory where he
composed some of his most renowned music.

Ravel was short dapper man who took care of his appearance and dressed well. He also possessed a good sense of
humor but was shy and an introvert. Maurice Ravel never married.

Musical Styles
1. Music revolved around fairytales and fantasies.
2. Use of subtle yet ravishing harmonies.
3. Music resulted from a variety of styles that include French Baroque, Bach, Mozart, Chopin, Spanish folk traditions,
and American jazz and blues.
4. Mastermind of melodies and orchestration.
5. Rich evocative harmonies.
6. Inventive instrumental textures and effects.
Musical Works
1. Pavane for a Dead Princess (piano)
2. Jeux d’eau also known as “Fountains” or “Playing Water”
3. Bolero (orchestral music)
4. Daphnis et Chloe (ballet)
5. La Valse

Comparison Between Debussy and Ravel

Claude Debussy Maurice Ravel

• Debussy walked to his own tune instead of • Ravel played music to please the audience no
playing what people wanted. matter what his personal decision would have
• Debussy had more of a French influence to his been.
music no matter what style was considered in • Ravel grew with the times and adjusted his
at the time. music to fit the changing times.
• Debussy put his all into his music while also • Ravel perfected his music but seemed to hold
expecting perfection. back when he wrote.
MUSIC 10
Lesson 2: Expressionism

The Expressionist movement developed in both art and music and focused on
expressing one’s emotions like angst, despair, anger, and grief.
Expressionism in music, which crested between the two world wars, gave voice to
the anxieties, inner terrors, and cynicism of human life in the 20th century.
Composition in the expressionist style tend to make us feel a little uncomfortable
at times. Music is atonal (no sense of key) and each musical piece usually confines itself to
express only intense emotions. Composers made full use of an instrument’s range and
timbre is felt to be as important as melody.

Arnold Schoenberg
Born: September 13, 1874
Died : July 13, 1951
Arnold Franz Walter Schoenberg was a composer, painter, self-taught musician,
and leader of the Second Viennese School. He already showed great skills in composition
at an early age. He began playing the violin and composed violin duets. Most of
Schoenberg’s life was spent teaching various private institutions and orchestrating
operettas.

Schoenberg was considered a controversial musician because of his musical style. His early works are quite
traditional but he soon started composing music different from the traditional style.
Musical Works
• Transfigured Night
• Pelleas and Melisande
• Erwartung (Expectation)
• Pierrot Lunaire
• Moses and Aron

Comparison Between Impressionism and Expressionism

IMPRESSIONISM EXPRESSIONISM

• Late 19th and early 20th century • Beginning of the 20th century
• A philosophical and aesthetic term borrowed from • The term was probably first applied to music in
late 19th century French painting “Impression 1918, especially to Schoenberg, because like the
Sunrise” painter Wassily Kandinsky, he avoided traditional
• France forms of beauty to convey powerful feelings in
• More light and sensuous style music.
• Debussy and Ravel • Germany
• More serious and psychological style
• Schoenberg
ARTS 10
Lesson 1: The Impressionists

Impressionism is a French 19th century art movement that portrays the affects of experiences upon the consciousness
of the artist and his audience. It is characterized by shirt brisk strokes of bright colors to recreate the impression of light on
objects. Impressionist artists include Claude Monet, Edouard Manet, Auguste Renoir, Paul Cezanne, and Vincent Van
Gogh.

Characteristics:
a. Color and light - Short broken strokes, pure unmixed colors placed side by side.
b. Everyday subjects – scenes of life, household objects, landscapes and seascapes
c. Painted outdoors – captures the ever changing effects of light on objects
d. Open composition – moved away from the formal, structured approach to placing and positioning their subject

IMPRESSIONIST PAINTERS

Claude Monet
(1840-1926)
Monet was one of the founders of the Impressionist movement best known for his landscape
paintings. His style in painting used the variation of colors, light, and seasonal changes.

Impression : Sunrise (1872) Red Boats at Argenteuil (1875) La Promenade (1875)

Edouard Manet
(1832-1883)
He was one of the first 19th century artists to depict modern-life subjects. He was the key figure in
the transition from realism to impressionism with a number of his works considered as marking the birth
of modern art. He was fond of using light colors with only a hint of black.

The Garden of Manet (1881) Mosnier Decked with Flags (1878) Landscape with a Village Church (1870)

Pierre-Auguste Renoir
(1841-1919)
He was one of the central figures of the impressionist movement. His works are full of sparkling
color and vibrant light. He used a more disciplined and formal technique to paint portraits of actual people
and figure paintings.

Luncheon of the Boating Party (1881) The Umbrellas (1881) Dance at the Maulin de la Gallete (1876)
POST-IMPRESSIONIST PAINTERS

Paul Cezanne
(1839-1906)
He was a French post-impressionist painter whose works created the bridge between
impressionism and cubism.

La Maison du Pendu (1873) Still Life with Compotier (1878) A Painter at Work (1875)
“The Hanged Man’s House”

Vincent Van Gogh

(1853-1890)
He was a post-impressionist painter whose works were remarkable for their strong, heavy brush
strokes, intense emotions, and colors that pulsate with energy.

Starry Night (1889) Paysage sous un ciel mouvemente Sous-bois

“Landscape under a turbulent sky” “Undergrowth”
ARTS 10
Lesson 2: Expressionism

Expressionism is a 20th century manner of painting and sculpturing in which natural forms and colors and distorted
and exaggerated. It is characterized by heavy black lines that define form, sharp contrasting colors, and subjective treatment
of thematic materials. The artist distorts color and form which he uses to give visual form to emotions.

EXPRESSIONIST PAINTERS

Edvard Munch (1863-1944)

He was a Norwegian painter and printmaker who is recognized as the “Father of Expressionism”.
Munch developed a bolder and more simplified style in painting like lithography, etching, and woodcut
art. His painting the “The Scream” depicts a man in a moment of anguished despair and anxiety while the
other people seen blissfully unaware of his situation.

The Girls on the Bridge (1918) The Scream (1893)

Paul Klee (1879-1940)

He was a Swiss-German painter. His highly individual style was influenced by movements in art
that included expressionism, cubism, and surrealism. Klee was a natural draftsman who experimented
with and eventually deeply explored color theory.

Castle & Sun (1928) Town Castle Kr. (1932) Landscape in the Beginning

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

(1880-1938)
He was a German expressionist painter and printmaker and one of the founders of Die Brucke or
The Bridge, a key group leading to the foundation of Expressionism in 20 th-century art.
His paintings represented a powerful reaction against Impressionism. He used flat areas of
unbroken, often unmixed colors and simplified forms. In his cityscapes, the figures in the street seemed
more important than the surroundings. He depicted figures in motion to express the fullness and vitality
of the human body.
Inspired by Van Gogh’s landscape paintings, Kirchner used pulsating shades of violet, blue, green, and yellow to
depict rural scenes.

Entrance to a Large Garden Interior with Two Girls Sertigal in Autumn

EXPRESSIONIST MOVEMENTS
Expressionist artists created works with more emotional force, rather than with realistic or natural images.

DADAISM
Dadaism is a literary and artistic movement in Switzerland that arose as a reaction to World War I. Dada used
aesthetic to mock and criticize materialistic and nationalistic attitudes. The focus of Dada artists was on making works that
affect the sensibilities of the middle class and asked difficult questions about society, the role of the artist, and the purpose
of art.

Hannah Hoch was known for her political collage and photomontage works. She rearranges
images and texts from the mass media to criticize the failure of the government. She is recognized for
pioneering the technique of photomontage as an art form.

Die Puppen The Beautiful Girl Heads of State

SURREALISM
Surrealism is a movement in art best known for its visual artworks and writings. It is characterized by unnerving,
illogical scenes, strange creatures from everyday objects and developed painting techniques that allowed the subconscious
to express itself.

Salvador Dali was a Spanish painter and an icon of the surrealist movement. His artwork
showed the unconscious world of thoughts, dreams, and perception in nightmarish images. His
paintings depict a dream state.

The Persistence of Memory (1931) Nymphs in a Romantic Garden (1921) Flower Women with
Soft Piano (1963)
PHYSICAL EDUCATION 10
Lesson 1: Methods of Weight Management

Many young people choose to live their own lifestyle without realizing that this creates an impact on their lives.
The desirable weight varies in men and women.
Men : 106 pounds for the first 5 ft. tall, plus 6 pounds for each additional inch
Women : 100 pounds for the first 5 ft. tall, plus 5 pounds for each additional inch

In medical clinics, tests can be given to determine a person’s body composition which means measuring one’s body
mass index (BMI). Overweight teens get high cholesterol and high blood pressure.

METHODS TO HELP A PERSON MANAGE HIS/HER WEIGHT

1. Take a high protein breakfast. Protein is better than carbohydrates and fats. You can prepare poached eggs, wheat
bread, and cottage cheese with fruit.
2. Use a smaller plate to help you consume smaller portions that eventually lead to a consumption of fewer calories.
3. Take more soup. Soup ingestion compared to solid foods decreases the amount of energy intake of a meal.
4. Eat more vegetables in your meal because it increases satisfaction and decreases hunger due to high water content
and fiber content.
5. Foods with fiber delay gastric emptying which may cause an extended feeling of fullness
6. Exercise regularly. Walk or do similar exercises at least 30 minutes a day.

Lesson 2: Building Strong Muscles and Bones

The body needs two important nutrients:
✓ Calcium is the mineral that strengthens bones and teeth.
✓ Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium while improving bone growth.

Exercise strengthens bones and muscles and improves balance, coordination, and flexibility. Weight bearing exercises cause
new bone tissues to form and makes bone and muscles stronger.

Muscles and bones are made stronger by doing the following:

1. Weight bearing exercise
2. Sunshine
3. Eating the right food
4. Drinking milk and eating yogurt
5. Eating salmon and mixed nuts
HEALTH 10
Lesson 1: Health Information, Health Products, and Health Services

HEALTH INFORMATION
It is the practice of acquiring, analyzing, and protecting digital and traditional medical information to provide
superior health care.

Health Information Management

It is the practice of maintenance and care of health records by –
1. Traditional (paper-based) and electronic means in hospital
2. Doctor’s offices and clinics
3. Health departments
4. Health insurance companies

A good health information system ensures the production, analysis, dissemination and use of reliable and timely
information on health determinants, health systems performance, and health status.

PHILIPPINE HEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE

It is a system that allows easy access to health information from the national to the barangay level. It enables the
storage of health-related data which can be viewed by authorized health care providers.

HEALTH PRODUCTS
Health products are substances such as vitamins and minerals, herbal medicines, homeopathic preparations, energy
drinks, probiotics, and other alternative and traditional medicines that can be obtained without a prescription and are
required to be safe to use as over-the-counter products.

There are ten (10) Philippine medicinal plant species approved for therapeutic use by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) under the Department of Health (DOH):
1. Lagundi ( Vitexnegundo )
Cough and asthma

2. Sambong ( Blumeabalsamifera L. )
Anti-urolithiasis (kidney stones)

3. Ampalaya ( Momordicacharantia L. )
Lowering of blood sugar and anti-diabetes

4. Garlic ( Allium sativum )

Anti-cholesterol

5. Guava ( Psidium guajava )

Oral / skin antiseptic
 6. Tsaang-gubat ( Carmona retusa )
Mouthwash

7. Yerba-Buena ( Menthaarvensis )
Analgesic or anti-pyretic

8. Niyug-niyogan ( Quisaualisindica )
Anti-helminthic

9. Acapulco ( Cassia alata )

Antifungal

10. Ulasimang-bato ( Peperomia pellucida )

Anti-hyperuricemia

HEALTH SERVICES

Health services include all services that deal with the diagnosis and treatment of disease that provides medical treatment.
They include personal and non-personal health services that refer to the way inputs such as money, staff, equipment, and
drugs are combined to allow the delivery of health interventions.
HEALTH 10
Lesson 2: Health Care Providers and Fraudulent Services

HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS

• PEDIATRICIAN
o A pediatrician is a medical doctor who manages the physical, behavioral, and mental care for children from
birth until age 18. A pediatrician is trained to diagnose and treat a broad range of childhood illnesses, from
minor health problems to serious diseases.

• PSYCHIATRIST
o A psychiatrist is a medical doctor (an M.D. or D.O.) who specializes in mental health, including substance
use disorders. Psychiatrists are qualified to assess both the mental and physical aspects of psychological
problems. People seek psychiatric help for many reasons.

• OBSTETRICIAN
o An obstetrician is a doctor with specialist qualifications in delivering babies and providing medical care to
women during pregnancy (antenatal care) and after the birth (postnatal care). Obstetricians have the skills
to manage complex or high-risk pregnancies and births, and can perform interventions and caesareans.

• OPHTHALMOLOGIST
o Ophthalmologists are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of eye and vision
problems.

• ANESTHESIOLOGIST
o An anesthesiologist is a doctor who gives a patient medication so they do not feel pain when they are
undergoing surgery.

• DERMATOLOGIST
o A dermatologist is a doctor that specializes in treating skin, hair, nail, and mucous membrane disorders
and diseases.

• CARDIOLOGIST
o Cardiologists are doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating diseases or conditions of the heart and
blood vessels—the cardiovascular system.

• ALLERGIST
o Also known as immunologists, allergists are doctors who specialize in treating allergies and other immune
problems.

• PULMONOLOGIST
o A pulmonologist is a physician who specializes in the respiratory system. From the windpipe to the lungs,
if your complaint involves the lungs or any part of the respiratory system, a pulmonologist is the doc you
want to solve the problem. Pulmonology is a medical field of study within internal medicine.

• NEUROLOGIST
o Neurologists are doctors who diagnose and treat problems with the brain and nervous system.

• GASTROENTEROLOGIST
o A gastroenterologist is a medical professional who specializes in diseases of the digestive system and
digestive tract.

• GERIATRICIAN
o Geriatricians are primary care doctors who have additional training in treating older adults, especially
those 65 and up.

• SURGEON
o A surgeon is a doctor who specializes in evaluating and treating conditions that may require surgery, or
physically changing the human body.

• UROLOGIST
o A urologist is a physician who specializes in diseases of the urinary tract and the male reproductive system.
 • GYNECOLOGIST
o A gynecologist is a doctor who specializes in female reproductive health. They diagnose and treat issues
related to the female reproductive system.

• DENTIST
o Dentists are trained professionals who help care for the teeth and mouth.

FRAUDULENT SERVICES
Quackery, often synonymous with health fraud, is the promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices.
A quack is a "fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill" or "a person who pretends, professionally or
publicly, to have skill, knowledge, qualification or credentials they do not possess.

3 TYPES OF QUACKERY
• MEDICAL QUACKERY
o This refers to the practice of selling medical services or products that claim to be of great effect toward a
certain condition. However, these services or products are not proven to be effective nor safe at all.

• NUTRITIONAL QUACKERY
o An example of this include whitening products, slimming products, muscle building supplements, and the
like, that claim to give exceptional nutritional benefits, but are not proven by any scientific or professional
body.

• DEVICE QUACKERY
o This refers to devices or gadgets that claim to offer innovation but are either not safe nor proven to be
effective as well. An example of this may be “innovative” devices that are sold in public markets by
seemingly charming vendors such as cutters that can cut through anything, kitchen tools that can do the
function of five different tools, and many more.