Prepared by D.

El-Hoss

IGCSE
Accounting
Prepayments
and Accruals
www.igcseaccounts.com

All questions are the copyright of Cambridge International Examination Board.

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Answer: (a) Accruals (matching)

Costs and revenues should be matched within an accounting period.
Any suitable example.

(b) Business entity

The business is treated as being separate from the owner. The business records are from
the viewpoint of the business.
Any suitable example.

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Answer:

Answer: A. credit entry of $1600

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Answer:

Answer: (a) Below/after gross profit/after trading account/(on credit side) as other income.
Profit and loss section/(debit side) as an expense

(b) Accruals/matching
Prudence

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Answer:

Answer:

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Answer: Revenue for the year is matched against the costs of the same period
Example -
Either Insurance prepaid at year-end was deducted
Or Commission receivable outstanding at year-end was added
Or Amount owing from clients at year-end was added

Answer: The business is treated as being separate from the owner

Example
The proportion of rates and insurance relating to the owner’s flat was excluded from the
business expenses (1)

Answer: Accruals (matching)

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Answer: The cost of the non-current asset and the revenues arising from its use are matched in an
accounting period.
OR
The cost of the non-current asset is spread over its useful life.

Answer: The loss arising from the damage is recorded in the same year as the damage occurred.

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Answer:

Answer: Either --The expenses of the year were matched against the revenue of the same period.
Or
Only the expenses for the year were included in the income statement.
Example – Either Commission receivable outstanding was added.
Or Loan interest outstanding was added.
Or Depreciation for the year was included.

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Answer:

Answer: The profit for the year is not overstated.

The trade receivables (current assets) are not overstated.

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Answer: Either ---
The sales for which a business is unlikely to be paid are regarded as an expense of the year
in which those sales are made.
The provision for doubtful debts is an expense those debts are incurred.

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Answer: (a)

(b) Revenue for the year is matched against the costs of the same period.
Example:
Either -- The loan interest was adjusted for the outstanding amount.
Or -- The loss in value of non-current assets in the year was included.
Or -- A provision for doubtful debts was created.

(c) The business is treated as being separate from the owner.

Example --
Rates and insurance for personal use were excluded.

(d) Should compare with a business in the same trade.

Should compare with a business of approximately the same size.
Should compare with a business of the same type (sole trader).
The financial statements may be for one year, which will not show trends.
The financial statements may be for one year which is not a typical year.
The financial year may end on different dates (when inventories are high/low).
The businesses may apply different accounting policies.
The statements do not show non-monetary factors.
It may not be possible to obtain all the information needed to make comparisons.

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Answer: C. going concern

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Answer: D. understated $240

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