Journal of Design and Textiles (JDT)

Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022

Homepage: https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/jdt/index

Article QR

Designing Multi-Functional Beeswax Modified Fashion Garments

Title:
for Vitriolage Victims

Author (s): Sumia Khadim

Affiliation (s): Department of Design; University of Management and Technology, Lahore Pakistan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32350/jdt.11.05

Received: April 25, 2022, Revised: May 15, 2022, Accepted: May 24, 2022, Available
History: Online: June 25, 2022
S. Khadim, “Designing multi-functional beeswax modified fashion garments for
Citation: vitriolage victims,” J. Des. Text., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 82-98, 2022, doi:
https://doi.org/10.32350/jdt.11.05

Copyright: © The Authors

Licensing: This article is open access and is distributed under the terms of
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Conflict of
Interest: Author(s) declared no conflict of interest

A publication of
School of Design and Textiles
University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
 Khadim

Designing Multi-Functional Beeswax Modified Fashion

Garments for Vitriolage Victims
Sumia Khadim*
Department of Textile Design,
School of Design and Textiles,
University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract
Acid attack or vitriol attack is an instance of brutality which is also an act
of slinging acid by targeting another person’s body to disfigure their face in
order to harm or kill them. Moreover, acid attack is a social concern which
can cause physiological and economic problems. According to previous
studies, 80% of the victims all around the world are women by gender.
Hence, the current study is based on designing a women's wear collection
for their safety. However, acid attack victims can’t use all types of fabrics
to cover their burnt body parts. Therefore, beeswax is used to design their
dresses which further facilitates them with the healing of their bruises. The
application of beeswax finishes on the fabric is beneficial due to its natural
characteristics which include antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal,
moisturizing / hydrating, and eco-friendly properties. The aim of this
research project is to use both technology and art in designing floral and
Zen motif patterns. The purpose of using them, as a source material for
modifying and designing fabric, is to create an effective women’s wear
collection. Furthermore, such collection is aesthetically pleasing and yields
functional benefits to protect women’s skin from acid attacks as well.
Index Terms: beeswax finish, couture, multi-functional, vitriol attack
I. Introduction
A. Historical Background
The study based on Acid Violence was conducted about one century
ago. Acid violence had been a solid social issue throughout the 20th and 21st
centuries, which was further indicated in CEDAW, a committee held in
1992 [1]. Furthermore, honesty and ethical standards of textile designers
and fashion designers with their profession was totally based on the rising
worth of textile department. Moreover, this had been highly augmented in
the recent times.
These professional masterminds had higher responsibility to

*
Corresponding Author email: s47031764@gmail.com
School of Design and Textiles
83
Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022
Designing Multi-functional Beeswax…

understand the requirements of their customers. Also, to forecast the trends

and at the same instant to stimulate them through their art and creativity.
The current investigation would revolve around multidisciplinary maneuver
with the implementation of respective modus operandi for innovative
designs formation. Industries are in high competition in today’s world. The
designers need to modify their conventional performance strategies into the
modern one, so they can keep the designs, arts, and themes flourished.
B. Significance of the Research
The current study regarding Acid Violence and the use of fluorescence
for their dressing has proven to be very effective, as indicated in many
studies. In addition to it, this research is expected to boost up the modus
operandi of the designers [2]. In today’s world, the technology has become
so fast that helps to rebuild an outdated craftwork to retain their social
heritage. The main aspect of these multiple cultures is to display their
versatile social-contribution to the world. The successful and prosperous
designers gather multiple facets of cultural, historical, and current views to
upgrade their designs more appropriately. However, those designs and cut
lines which are traditional as well as the part of current developments, create
an extraordinary ornamentation and cut lines in the textile and fashion
department. Although, significance of designing does not only describe its
functions but also the values.
Hence, reanimating process of the technologies and finishes
accomplished by giving different surfaces to boost it, would provide these
designs more extent for their prevalence and trendiness. So, implementation
with experimental color palette and new style would enable these
technologies to become more practical in their usage. Furthermore,
understanding the impact of social factors on product development can open
the doors for designing a global marketplace [3]. As a fashion designer, the
most important skill is to recognize and understand the nature of the
problem and to solve it with an appropriate design strategy. The influences
of social factors on fashion designers’ design practice can be understood
particularly in terms of the design process. Furthermore, it may be
worthwhile to investigate the social issues and the elements such as history,
philosophy, and world view along with it. Further it includes, the writings
as well as paintings (base knowledge), in designing the creative product.
Moreover, the fashion industry has proved to be remarkable in advancing
the global business and fashion industry into the global market. Besides,
creative design is one of the best solutions for this.
Journal of Design and Textiles
84 Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022
 Khadim

C. Aims and Research Objective

 Selection of suitable textile materials to design Multi-Functional
Beeswax-Modified Fashion Garments for Vitriolage Victims.
 To experiment and illustrate the diversity of floral and Zen
patterns, and techniques.
 To create practical textile objects by using an achievable
framework.
This research aims to identify the characteristics of fluorescent fabric
and their usage in the women’s wear industry. There are innumerous
methods of making flowers out of simple fabric with the help of creativity
minds and hands. Moreover, it can inspire the countless versions of three-
dimensional works, a series of creations, and it also makes headgears to
beautify the personality. The current research aims to make a bond between
the technology and the fashion textile industry. Furthermore, to illustrate
the design students with effects of social issues like acid violence, and also
to glamorize the victim’s personality which is further grounded on their
artistic and creative practices.
The current study examines 3D designs made up of technical beeswax-
modified fabric with fluorescent finishing. Further, it extends the
knowledge about the styling process of these embellishments on present day
textiles. The use of floral motifs for embellishment symbolizes the nature
and beauty. Moreover, it gives hope and desires to the victims. Basically,
colors help in ameliorate and change individual mood. Fluorescent colors
or neon colors are actually bold and ultra-bright colors palate for this
project, which is tremendously bright genre of the primary and secondary
colors. Fluorescent neon colors pump excitement and energy into the
designing process. While the basic color palate would be soft and the
combination of neon and soft color palate would further elaborate their
sorrow and encouragement accurately [4].
Every color has its own psychological traits, that is, orange to
excitement, green to freshness, and yellow to hope. Electric blue depicts
calm and serene by corresponding pure blues. Whereas, neon pink
represents the cheerfulness and fun (the characteristics of pink), and neon
green shows the bravery and strong will-power which helps in achieving
specific goals. In addition to it, the fluorescent colors haven’t always been
affiliated with good taste due to its artificiality. While they have elegant

School of Design and Textiles

85
Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022
Designing Multi-functional Beeswax…

status, so, they are associated with fun, lightheartedness, and plethora. This
is also correlated with danger and warning. Throughout the current study,
the terms ‘technology modified’ or ‘beeswax modified’ apparel would be
used interchangeably.
The framework or conceptual project of the ‘creative design process’
was pointed out in this particular study, which further added to the already
existed knowledge and literature. The current study was directly related to
the relationship of how the fashion systems, technologies, and the process
of creativity had an effect on the creative fashion design process.
Furthermore, only a brief research has been conducted on designers during
the creative design process. Therefore, the facts and findings from this
particular study would probably broaden the knowledge of design
education, global apparel industry, and design theory. ‘Acid violence is a
dark issue’ means (it pushes victims to the dark). However, the purpose of
this study is to give them glow in this dark situation with the help of
fluorescence to the victims. The use of fluorescent fabric and glow in the
dark fabric would be used in my collection as an embellishment. The current
study aims to explore the deep relationship among fashion designers,
cultural values, and the procedure of creativity in their design process.
Although, many industries are using different themes and designs over
and over again in their business for the protection of acid victims. The
product developments play an important and meaningful role in case of
looking after the values. If recent styles and conventional designs get
together, it would definitely extend the durability of these designs for future.
It would facilitate an amendment in a field of present-day design
developments, and would make more creative relationship between past,
present, and future. Scrutiny will help juvenile (junior) designers to
encourage their creative skills and to measure the innovation in rising
technologies to boost up the individuals’ art and technical skills.
D. Scope of the Study
This particular research would analyze the sustainability and
implementation of technology and designs as linkages. As, the applications
of new versions and styles in today’s world demand design practices.
Moreover, the current research would evaluate the inter-relationship
between the technical and hand-crafted design techniques. The present
study would more ameliorate the developments of designs on textiles.
The focal point of the current study is to analyze those issues which are
pertaining towards acid victim’s clothing, examine carefully, and draw up
Journal of Design and Textiles
86 Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022
 Khadim

a variety of limitless designs. The present research project concentrates on

different cutline products of women’s wear, which are full of handcrafted,
functional, and feasible nature (experimental). However, utilization of
different modus operandi makes their effort meaningful. The main intention
of this project is to incorporate technical textiles to develop Haute-couture
yet wearable for persons with special needs (acid attack victims). Smart
Textile Technologies offer new means of expressiveness and functionality
to share the importance of Beeswax finishing in textiles to the public
The current study proposes unparalleled variety of designs, which were
never viewed ahead. This would be associated with the future trends of the
market. Furthermore, the main focus of this study is to captivate a persons’
attention with its unmatched design development and fabric manufacturing
with the implementation of various methods.
Moreover, this project would give awareness of technical fabric
manufacturing for acid victims and the methods of development and
utilization in daily life for sufferers. The current study has been using a
fusion of concepts like 3D forms, Zen tangle art, and fluorescence [5].
Major motive behind this particular thesis is to give hope and confidence
through fashion to the acid victims to move on from their despondent phase.
Further, Zen-tangle art drawing is a form of art that gives mind relaxation
which contains different shapes and patterns tangling up to make beautiful
images. These tangled patterns are called “Elemental strokes” [5]. The
artwork contains illustrations, pattern design, draping, mocking, fabric
sampling, fabric manipulation, digital prints as well as embroidery and
embellishment sampling. The current research has shown a tendency to take
a look at the value and identity of women in the world by increasing
awareness of gender issues.
E. Definitions of Key Terms
1) Fluorescence:
A fluorescent substance does not glow in the dark, but does glow
extraordinarily under black lights. When Fluorescent paints reacts to the
long wavelength ultraviolet (UV) radiations, this process is commonly
known as ‘black light’.
2) Beeswax:
The natural wax is prepared by honey bees (species Apis
mellifera and Apis cerana). It is produced with special wax glands which
are consolidate in scales. Although, they get in touch with the air by worker
School of Design and Textiles
87
Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022
Designing Multi-functional Beeswax…

bees (age duration between 12 to 18 days). Initially, it remains colorless but

after mixing with honey and pollens it becomes yellow. It is a complex
product (including more than 300 components) which contains
hydrocarbons, esters of fatty acids, and several long-chain alcohols, along
with the diesters and exogenous substances chemically. These are actually
the components combine to build the honeycomb, where honey bees can
store their honey. Furthermore, it has multiple remedial properties due to its
antimicrobial feature, that is, really beneficial in curing itchiness or rashes,
wounds, skin swelling. Besides, it also cures a burning sensation, fractures,
treat heel cracks, and to soothe joint pain. The usage of mixture of honey,
beeswax and olive oil has substantiated to be very efficient for the treatment
of diseases.
3)Zen Tangles Art:
The definition of word “Zen” is to feel peaceful and relaxed. Zen
tangle is an easy to learn type of art, which is a process of ‘self-help art
therapy’ implementation to enhance a person’s focus, their convenience,
and self-confidence. It is a mature category and elegant metaphor of art used
by psychologists to comfort their patients. It usually includes freehand
doodling which is a fun way to bring into being beautiful images by drawing
repeated structured patterns. However, these patterns are patch up in mosaic
manner and called tangles which is further an inexpensive type of abstract
art and also called “modern meditation.”
Although, it assists us to organize an internal non-linguistic language
of segment and patterns which open the ways towards new consciousness
that is usually head off from our acknowledgment.
This art is an "elegance of limits", non-representational and
unscheduled, and too much similar to life (because life itself is an art
manifestation), for example:
 While drawing art, each mark has been kept deliberately on purpose.
 As there is no eraser to remove life events, similarly there is no
eraser while drawing this art. Nevertheless, if there is any expected
mistake, then drawing new patterns on that point by erasing the old
mistakes can make new directions.
There are no mistakes in Zen tangle, so there is no need for an eraser. If
you do not like new look of a stroke you have made from mistakes, then
remains only an opportunity to create a new tangle, or to transform it by
using an old trusty pattern. A Zen tangle tile is an unfolding surprise before
the creator's eyes that one strokes at a time [6].
Journal of Design and Textiles
88 Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022
 Khadim

4)Elements of Art:
There is no rule and regulation while drawing this art but consequences
still can be amusing.
II. Review of Related Literature
The fields of fashion and textile designing have economic, social, and
cultural impacts on individual personalities as well as the society. This
culture system started with our ancestors and has been passing on to our
younger generations since then. Hopefully, it would continue to pass on to
the coming posterity.
A. Environmental Discourses
Although acid attacks occur all over the world, and it is not confined to
a specific gender, age, religion, caste, or geographical place. Acid attacks
violence has always targeted women of the society to control them and
silence them. This is a gender based odious offence usually against women.
Besides causing emotionally protracted sufferings and psychological shock/
trauma, vitriol attack (Acid Attack) leads to an acute pain. Furthermore, it
has perpetual disfigurement along with the temporary or permanent
disability, and permanent scarring of body. Later on, the infections can
oftentimes result in the blindness of both eyes as well as it can also cause
the eye burn. It can lead to long-standing and devastating medical
complications for the victims. However, death can be a consequence of the
instantaneous effects of the burns caused by the intense attack. Moreover, a
report was published by WHO in 2011, which indicated the multi-organ
failure because of the acid attacks on subsequent times [7]. The after effects
of the severe burning depend upon different body parts that has been
intended to attack. Most often, such attacks are intended to attack on the
face and head as main parts of the body.
The survivors avoid social interactions mostly and according to the
survey, one third of survivors may endure depression, nervousness, post-
traumatic stress, and anxiety. Suicide may occur owing to badly
psychological, economic and emotional sufferings, and physical
malformation and disproportionate impact. Moreover, the survivors faced
some other problems after attack, like their out-casting from the society,
employment, and less possibility of their marriage to occur. It is basically a
crime of personality demolition, in which victims have to learn to live with
their disparate, burned, and disfigured faces and bodies. The intensity of
their damage also depends upon the concentration of an acid.

School of Design and Textiles

89
Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022
Designing Multi-functional Beeswax…

B. About the Acid

Mostly, sulfuric (H2SO4), an oil of vitriol and nitric acids (HNO3), were
utilized during vitriol attack (Acid Attack). H2SO4 is an extremely strong
chemical having poisonous nature. In some cases, Hydrochloric acid (HCl),
is also used; however, it is far less harmful. In some instances, especially if
approach to acids has been confined, strong alkaline solutions for example
sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as caustic soda may be used as an
alternative. These chemicals are easily available because of their use in
rubber, carving marble nameplates, and cotton and jewelry industries on
inexpensive rates.
However, caustic substances may also be consumed in suicidal
attempts. In these attempts, due to the caustic burns like perforation in upper
gastrointestinal tract or hemorrhage lead to sepsis or multi-organ failure
causing eventually Death. Nevertheless, these cases are undoubtedly
different to corrosive assaults.
According to Acid Survivors Trust International (ASTI) statistics [8],
75-80% of the acid attacks and burn sufferer are females over the globe.
Furthermore, it reflects the immortalization of the women's position and
gender inequality in the society. On the other hand, males are the usual
victims in United Kingdom (UK), Greece, and Indonesia as a consequence
of gang-based activities. The percentage of acid attacks on women has
enhanced, fundamentally in the age of 11-30 years on daily basis in which,
40% victims are under the age of 18 approximately.
C. Beeswax-modified Textiles
Beeswax finishes have been applied extensively to different textile
products in the recent times. Owing to the multiple benefits it yields, the
beeswax not only provides the anti-microbial and antiseptic properties but
also gives a very smooth finish to the garment by making it very
comfortable in its further use [9].
D. Historical Background of Zen Tangle Art in Fashion Design
Zen tangle is an American modus operandi for drawing. The developer
of this art was a monk named Rick Roberts and an artist named Maria
Thomas. With Zen tangle they bring into being a fusion of consideration
and art. A designer Bibi Russell made collaboration with NGO ActionAid’s
and beamed light on the victims of acid attacks by “Survivors’ Runway”, a
fashion show in London [10]
Journal of Design and Textiles
90 Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022
 Khadim

1) Benefits of Zen-tangle Art:

This art provides the following benefits.
 Relaxation
 Anger management
 Self-confidence improvement
 Soothing stress
 Restocking sleep
 Modern meditation
III. Product Development Methods
A. Product Execution Strategies
The base of every garment would be kept in soft color and the 3D
embellishments on fabric and accessories will be of fluorescent fabric.
Overall, the current study represents journey from stress and low confidence
to flow hope. Every garment in thesis project portrays healthy feeling that
is essential of a cheerful life to move on. Every garment occupies all
creative elements like complete silhouette, 3D with different color schemes
along the Zen-tangle art embroidered touches done during study time
period. Fabric texture has been selected attentively, in respect to avoid the
harshness in collection. In addition to it, it also gives a soothing effect to the
survivors, soft fabric like classification of cotton, and cotton blends with
silk have been used. Collectively, garments express the feeling of calmness
and relaxation.
Furthermore, the color palate, fabric type, and patterns picked
keenly to give soothing effects to the survivors. Data analysis and
utilization of the different techniques, the mechanism of gathering
information would be discussed in the current study. This study used as
source of encouragement which plays an important role in development of
design. The research to develop the desired clothing line includes an art,
finishes on fabrics, a social concern, and 3D forms amalgamated to give
expectations from the life and trendy feelings. The whole framework
includes the concepts board, mood board, research boards, drawing boards,
embroidery and embellishments, different textile surfaces like block or
screen printings, weaving, applique work, and others.
B. Descriptive Research Design
The analysis of research design description is conducted thoroughly to
collect the informative data. The investigation about the present topic gives

School of Design and Textiles

91
Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022
Designing Multi-functional Beeswax…

a complete background history, utilization and significance of functional,

and the representative elements for further developments. Design elements
were collected intensely from the meaningful sketches, conceptualized
drawings, photo shop prints, hopeless declined features, handmade Zen-
tangle art doodling, and 3D shapes with energetic and soft colors. These
designs are transformed little bit in the form of embellishments,
embroideries and framework with crystals, thread and beads, and different
fabric manipulation experiments to generate the shapes and forms on the
surface of the garment. Soft fabric like Pakistani raw silk, pure cotton also
presents every garment’s story. Color palate is the main element to give
prominence to consideration. Zen tangle art doodling has done by free hand
and digital prints on adobe Photoshop. Some work has done manually, some
digitally, and some about mix media. Zen tangle designs are solely utilized
for making contact embroideries in garments, to strengthen the self-
confidence and sense of prosperity.
C. Design Development
The development of a design is one of the main steps for a designer
while working on any theme. Furthermore, this can be helpful for a designer
to create new designs for the final product. The design development is
derived from research board to create new motifs; these motifs are helpful
for development of the embroidery and embellishments on jewelry and
dresses. The major design techniques which are used to develop this
collection are:
 Embellishment
 Embroidery
 Fabric burning to get texture
 Mix media 3D concept boards
 Digital prints via Photoshop
 Draping and pattern for mock garment
 Woolen thread and silk thread embroidery
 Fabric manipulation
 Dying Procedure
 Applique work
 Trap-unto (A special quilting in this extra padding is added to
create a raised and relieved Surface)
 Water color in fashion illustration
 Adda work
Journal of Design and Textiles
92 Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022
 Khadim

Initial paperwork includes constructing the Research Boards, Mood

Boards, Concept Boards, Digital Prints, Patterns, and Drawing Boards. All
of the above work has been done according to the theme. Moreover, Mood
boards are created to show a perception of theme, to portray the look, and
color scheme of the theme. Reviewing the mood board helps everyone in
understanding the topic and their outcomes. Sometimes, mood board is also
known as inspiration board because it has inspirational elements related to
theme which can help a designer to create something new for their design
projects. Mood board depicts the main idea of the designer. Colors play an
important role in life of a designer and it attract the viewers. Color palate
board contains dominant, sub dominant, and accent colors. It is actually the
color scheme which is further selected for the theme or showed by theme
itself. This color palate board helps in color scheming about garments,
embellishment, and embroidery. In this collection, there is a combination of
soft and neon colors which helps to get rid of sad life. Research analysis
play a fundamental role in fashion industry. It is important to forecast
that how the final product will acquire the viewer’s attraction and
customer’s glance. The concept boards are created to visualize the
customer’s interest who further predict few of the elements of theme.
However, it is a story within itself and the concept boards are created
digitally, manually, and through mix media. Anyhow, the drawings
boards are created manually and they also help to portray and explain
the customary designs and elements further in detail. Hence, the current
study created two drawings boards containing both the Zen-tangle art
patterns and other elements of themes.
The current research shows that every fabric is not comfortable for the
acid survivors. However, there must be soft fabric for their collection
whereas, cotton and some silk types are suitable for them. Fluorescent fabric
is required for embellishment to make flowers for 3d forms. Since, in this
particular study the utilization of fabrics is accomplished according to its
requirement. Eventually, my overall collection is not edgy and gives a soft
and lenient look.
TABLE I
Characteristics of Used Fabrics.

School of Design and Textiles

93
Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022
Designing Multi-functional Beeswax…

Symbol Raw Mass Thickness, Porosity Apparent

Material Per (%) Density
(mm)
Unit (g/cm3)
Area
(g/m2)
Prototype Polyester 280 0.88 78 0.32
1 40% Cotton
20%Viscose
40%

Prototype Polyester 164 0.36 67 0.45

II 100%
Both the cotton and blended fabrics used in this particular study
contained only dyes with no chemical finishing agents.
D. Product Manufacturing Process
For modification of designs, 60 rough sketches were designed
according to the theme. Cut lines were made according to the significant
fashion elements of theme with the help of Research board. These sketch
illustrations were made just because to understand the whole process till
final product.
Out of 60, twenty sketch developments were selected. Subsequently,
those selected rough developments were illustrated properly with their
watercolor techniques of each garment.
Then researcher has selected 5 to 6 illustrations for the final design
products. Furthermore, more amendments were made in selected
illustrations and were cut off by advisors attentively.
In addition to it, finalize garments have to be final product on the basis of
modern trendy cut lines, after the design developments and illustration’s
rendering. The formation of technical drawings of final selected product
is the most controversial step. The final exhibition of the current thesis
includes two different types of dresses which are inspired by forecast
for acid survivors. Furthermore, all of the details about embroidery and
embellishments, dart and seam allowances, are drawn properly in
technical drawings. Each Textiles surface of garments has their own
concept behind and both the garments have their own color schemes. Those
selected illustrations are designed on the rough calico as mock (Sample),

Journal of Design and Textiles

94 Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022
 Khadim

which were meaningful while stitching original final products. Mocking

process is performed by the pattern and draping on mannequin with
proper measurements. Hence, the purpose behind is to get perfect fitting
measurements for original garments and permanence of design on
dummy or mannequin. Each garment is disparate from one another due to
variation in their lesson, style, and fashion.
E. Incorporated Beeswax Application Process with Florence and
Zen Tangle Art Forms
Although, Beeswax was used for the finishing of garments which was
made of cotton, polyester, and polyester/Cotton/Viscose blend fabric. These
garments were designed with Florence patterns ornamented with Zen tangle
art forms. Anyhow, it was observed that modification of fabrics with
beeswax provides them with biocidal properties. Moreover, it was against
the molds to prevent bacterial skin infections which was a great concern for
the acid attack survivors. Beeswax imparts a pleasant surface smoothness
to the textiles, which further confers a silky gloss by adding an excellent,
smooth and, soft textile surface [11]. The treatment imparts improvement
of the sew ability and the process improves the technological properties of
the fabric as additive for easy-care finishes.
1) Prototype I:
It is a one-piece garment. The first garment of proposed collection
is knee length top, which is loose from bodice and is open from the
central front line through buttons. There are two further pockets to keep
hands in them on front side and these are called box pockets. One of
them has an embellished surface. There is an extra panel at shoulder
side, which is embroidered with Zen tangle pattern. This panel is closed
in sleeve and shoulder seam allowances properly. Neckline is simple
round. Sleeve of this garment is reaching at elbow level. There is a belt
with an embroidered buckle that helps to maintain fitting on waist level.
Besides, it maintains the sustainability of ease at bodice level. The total
number of garments are made up of the winter cotton fabric.

School of Design and Textiles

95
Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022
Designing Multi-functional Beeswax…

Fig. 1. Prototype I
2) Prototype II:
It is a two-piece garment. 1st piece is bodice loose dress having wide
neckline and length up to 7cm downward from bust line. It has one
mutton leg sleeve on left side. This is loose from front and there are two
knots in opposite side of the sleeve. First one knotting is done at
shoulder level and other one on right side at waist level. 2 nd piece of this
garment is trouser, a blind zip on left side. There is an extra panel
(cascade) place with buttons that starts from the belt level of right side
and wrap it on left leg from front and back. The hem of left leg is of
flare bell bottom shape and right leg hem is of basic measurements. This
cascade has a doubling functional. It can easily be removable by buttons.
There is an embellishment at bodice top. The whole garment is made up
of Pakistani raw silk and other types of silk fabric.

Journal of Design and Textiles

96 Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022
 Khadim

Fig. 2. Prototype II
IV. Conclusion and Future Recommendations
The variation in trends and remodeling in fashion have been occurring
since ages in the fashion industry. Moreover, a designer should design such
products which can fascinate the customer and captivate the attention of
beholder. In order to survive and sustain itself in the market; a designer have
to create an artifact which is utterly distinct in every respect. Besides, it also
makes others acquainted with the designer’s innovativeness and creativity.
Furthermore, multiple market analysis and surveys are organized in order
to measure customer demand and to fulfill their requirements. In addition
to it, a designer should have acquaintance with forthcoming designs, trends,
techniques, and technologies. The works during this thesis have done by the
implementation of a combination of an old and latest technique against
social issues. The current thesis was conducted by amalgamating
conventional and modern techniques, contrastive of social issues. In near
future, competition will arise in fashion industry with upcoming newest
trends. Hence, being a fashion designer, it is essential to understand that
fashion does not only reflect glamour but it also has a place for all forms of
expressions and sentiments.
School of Design and Textiles
97
Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022
Designing Multi-functional Beeswax…

References
[1] S. Cusack and L. Pusey, “CEDAW and the rights to non-discrimination
and equality,” Melb. J. Int. Law, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 45-92, 2013.
[2] S. K. Cohn, Women in the streets: essays on sex and power in
Renaissance Italy. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
[3] K. W. Back, “Modernism and fashion: A social psychological
interpretation,” in Fashion Theory, M. Barnard, Eds., Routledge, 2007,
doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315094151
[4] N. Wei and C. Zhang, “The application of color psychology in fashion
design,” Psychiatr. Danub., vol. 34, pp. 643-644, 2022.
[5] E. Selandia, “Blurring boundaries redefine art/design: Revealing the
absent-presence grid,” Master thesis, San Franci., State Univ., San
Franci., California, US, 2005. [Online]. Available: https://rb.gy/3vliqu
[6] D. A. Kopeschny, “The phenomenological experience of zentangle and
the implications for art therapy,” Master thesis, St. Stephen’s College,
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2016. [Online]. Available:
https://rb.gy/gech9q
[7] M. Patel, “A desire to disfigure: Acid attack in India,” Int. J. Criminol.
Sociol. Theory, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1-11, Dec. 2014.
[8] H. Karah and S. Kazemi, “Global perspectives editorial,” Rev. Disabl.
Stud. Int. J., vol. 17, no. 2, 2021.
[9] J. Szulc et al., “Beeswax-Modified textiles: Method of preparation and
assessment of antimicrobial properties,” Polymers, vol. 12, no. 2, p.
344, Feb. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12020344
[10] M. Bremner, N. J. Burnell, P. Raile, and L. Williams, The art of
zentangle: 50 inspiring drawings, designs & ideas for the meditative
artist. Walter Foster, 2013.
[11] R. Smend and D. Harper, Batik, traditional textiles of Indonesia: From
the Rudolf Smend & Donald Harper collections. Tuttle Publishing,
2011.

Journal of Design and Textiles

98 Volume 1 Issue 1, Spring 2022