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    1 - Introduction To Pharmaceutical Biochemistry

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    EDISON DE LOS SANTOS
    Pharmaceutical biochemistry is the application of chemistry to study biological processes at the cellular and molecular level as relevant to pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. It involves the study of the chemical constituents of living cells and their interactions. The basic units of life are cells, which can be prokaryotic (like bacteria, lacking nuclei) or eukaryotic (like plants/animals, having nuclei and organelles). The human eukaryotic cell contains organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and cytoskeleton. Cellular composition includes water, biomolecules, inorganic ions. Cells obtain energy mainly through oxidation of biomolecules to

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    1 - Introduction To Pharmaceutical Biochemistry

    Uploaded by

    EDISON DE LOS SANTOS
    79 views10 pages
    Pharmaceutical biochemistry is the application of chemistry to study biological processes at the cellular and molecular level as relevant to pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. It involves the study of the chemical constituents of living cells and their interactions. The basic units of life are cells, which can be prokaryotic (like bacteria, lacking nuclei) or eukaryotic (like plants/animals, having nuclei and organelles). The human eukaryotic cell contains organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and cytoskeleton. Cellular composition includes water, biomolecules, inorganic ions. Cells obtain energy mainly through oxidation of biomolecules to

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    1 - Introduction to Pharmaceutical Biochemistry

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    Pharmaceutical biochemistry is the application of chemistry to study biological processes at the cellular and molecular level as relevant to pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. It involves the study of the chemical constituents of living cells and their interactions. The basic units of life are cells, which can be prokaryotic (like bacteria, lacking nuclei) or eukaryotic (like plants/animals, having nuclei and organelles). The human eukaryotic cell contains organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and cytoskeleton. Cellular composition includes water, biomolecules, inorganic ions. Cells obtain energy mainly through oxidation of biomolecules to

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    79 views10 pages

    1 - Introduction To Pharmaceutical Biochemistry

    Uploaded by

    EDISON DE LOS SANTOS
    Pharmaceutical biochemistry is the application of chemistry to study biological processes at the cellular and molecular level as relevant to pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. It involves the study of the chemical constituents of living cells and their interactions. The basic units of life are cells, which can be prokaryotic (like bacteria, lacking nuclei) or eukaryotic (like plants/animals, having nuclei and organelles). The human eukaryotic cell contains organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and cytoskeleton. Cellular composition includes water, biomolecules, inorganic ions. Cells obtain energy mainly through oxidation of biomolecules to

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    MODULE 1:

    Introduction to Pharmaceutical
    Biochemistry
    Pharmaceutical Biochemistry
    • Science concerned with the chemical basis
    of life, as applied to pharmacy practice and
    pharmaceutical biological sciences.

    • Science concerned with the chemical


    constituents of living cells and their
    interactions.

    • The application of chemistry to the study of


    biological processes at the cellular and
    molecular level.
    Cells
    • Basic units of life
    Major Cell Types:
    • Prokaryotes include bacteria; lack nucleus
    and organelles
    Eukaryotic Cell
    Eukaryotes have a nucleus and organelles (plants,
    fungi, helminths, protozoans animals)
    Human Eukaryotic Cell
    Plasma Membrane
    Provides a barrier; contains transport and
    signaling systems.
    Nucleus
    Contains chromosomes and the nucleolus which
    is the site for RNA synthesis.
    Mitochondrion
    Has series of folds called cristae; for ATP
    production
    Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
    Covered with ribosomes
    Ribosomes
    Protein and RNA complex responsible for protein
    synthesis. (No membranes)
    Human Eukaryotic Cell
    Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
    Site for lipid synthesis and metabolism; contains
    enzymes for detoxifying xenobiotics.
    Golgi Apparatus
    Processes proteins to mature forms.

    Lysosomes
    Degrades proteins and membranes in the cell, and
    helps degrade materials ingested by the cell.

    Peroxisomes or Microbodies
    Degrade hydrogen peroxide

    Cytoplasm
    Houses organelles; liquid portion called cytosol
    Human Eukaryotic Cell
    Cytoskeleton
    Protein filaments that provides shape, basis for
    movement and facilitates mitosis
    E.g. microtubules and microfilaments

    Cellular Composition
    • Biomolecules: 9%
    • Water: 60-90%
    • Inorganic Ions: 1%
    Energy for Cells
    • Cells are inherently unstable.

    • Constant flow of energy prevents them from


    becoming disorganized.

    • Cells obtain energy mainly via oxidation of


    biomolecules
    Membranes
    • Spontaneously formed
    due to hydrophobicity

    • Existing potentials
    facilitate transport and
    excitability

    • Membrane lipids are


    amphipathic due to
    phospholipids.

    • Others: glycolipids and


    cholesterol
    Membrane Proteins

    • Pumps/Active Transporters

    • Carriers

    • Ion Channels

    • Membrane fluidity is controlled by fatty acid


    composition and cholesterol content.

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