Cpi
Cpi
Cpi
Increases in the shelter, food, and medical care indexes were the largest of many contributors to the
broad-based monthly all items increase. These increases were mostly offset by a 10.6-percent decline in
the gasoline index. The food index continued to rise, increasing 0.8 percent over the month as the food
at home index rose 0.7 percent. The energy index fell 5.0 percent over the month as the gasoline index
declined, but the electricity and natural gas indexes increased.
The index for all items less food and energy rose 0.6 percent in August, a larger increase than in July.
The indexes for shelter, medical care, household furnishings and operations, new vehicles, motor vehicle
insurance, and education were among those that increased over the month. There were some indexes that
declined in August, including those for airline fares, communication, and used cars and trucks.
The all items index increased 8.3 percent for the 12 months ending August, a smaller figure than the 8.5-
percent increase for the period ending July. The all items less food and energy index rose 6.3 percent
over the last 12 months. The energy index increased 23.8 percent for the 12 months ending August, a
smaller increase than the 32.9-percent increase for the period ending July. The food index increased 11.4
percent over the last year, the largest 12-month increase since the period ending May 1979.
Chart 1. One-month percent change in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), seasonally adjusted, Aug. 2021 - Aug. 2022
Percent change
1.4 1.3
1.2
1.2
1.0
1.0 0.9
0.8
0.8 0.7
0.6 0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4 0.3 0.3
0.2 0.1
0.0
0.0
Aug'21 Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug'22
Chart 2. 12-month percent change in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), not seasonally adjusted, Aug. 2021 - Aug. 2022
Percent change
10
Aug'21 Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug'22
Table A. Percent changes in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average
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Food
The food index increased 0.8 percent in August, the smallest monthly increase in that index since
December 2021. The food at home index rose 0.7 percent in August as all six major grocery store food
group indexes increased. The index for other food at home rose 1.1 percent, while the index for cereals
and bakery products rose 1.2 percent over the month. The meats, poultry, fish, and eggs index; the fruits
and vegetables index; and the nonalcoholic beverages index all increased 0.5 percent in August. The
index for dairy and related products increased 0.3 percent over the month, the smallest increase in that
index since November 2021.
The food away from home index rose 0.9 percent in August after rising 0.7 percent in July. The index
for full service meals increased 0.8 percent and the index for limited service meals increased 0.7 percent
over the month.
The food at home index rose 13.5 percent over the last 12 months, the largest 12-month increase since
the period ending March 1979. The index for other food at home rose 16.7 percent and the index for
cereals and bakery products increased 16.4 percent over the year. The remaining major grocery store
food groups posted increases ranging from 9.4 percent (fruits and vegetables) to 16.2 percent (dairy and
related products).
The index for food away from home rose 8.0 percent over the last year. The index for full service meals
rose 9.0 percent over the last 12 months, and the index for limited service meals rose 7.2 percent over
the last year.
Energy
The energy index fell 5.0 percent in August after declining 4.6 percent in July. The gasoline index fell
10.6 percent over the month following a 7.7-percent decrease in July. (Before seasonal adjustment,
gasoline prices fell 12.2 percent in August.) However, the electricity index increased in August, rising
1.5 percent, its fourth consecutive monthly increase of at least 1.3 percent. The index for natural gas also
increased over the month, rising 3.5 percent after declining 3.6 percent in July.
The energy index rose 23.8 percent over the past 12 months. The gasoline index increased 25.6 percent
over the span and the fuel oil index rose 68.8 percent. The index for electricity rose 15.8 percent, the
largest 12-month increase since the period ending August 1981. The index for natural gas increased 33.0
percent over the last 12 months.
The index for all items less food and energy rose 0.6 percent in August after increasing 0.3 percent in
July. The shelter index continued to rise, increasing 0.7 percent in August compared to 0.5 percent in
July. The rent index rose 0.7 percent in August as did the owners’ equivalent rent index. The index for
lodging away from home rose 0.1 percent over the month after declining in June and July.
The medical care index rose 0.7 percent in August after rising 0.4 percent in July as major medical care
component indexes continued to increase. The index for hospital services increased 0.7 percent over the
month, while the index for prescription drugs increased 0.4 percent. The index for physicians’ services
rose 0.2 percent in August.
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The index for household furnishings and operations continued to rise, increasing 1.0 percent in August
after rising 0.6 percent in July. The new vehicles index increased 0.8 percent over the month, and the
motor vehicle insurance index rose 1.3 percent in August. Other indexes that increased in August
include personal care (+0.6 percent), education (+0.5 percent), recreation (+0.2 percent), and apparel
(+0.2 percent).
The index for airline fares continued to decline in August, decreasing 4.6 percent after falling 7.8
percent in July. The communication index fell 0.2 percent in August following a 0.4-percent decline in
July. The index for used cars and trucks also declined over the month, falling 0.1 percent.
The index for all items less food and energy rose 6.3 percent over the past 12 months, a larger increase
than the 5.9-percent increase for the 12 months ending in July. The shelter index rose 6.2 percent over
the last year, accounting for about 40 percent of the total increase in all items less food and energy.
Other indexes with notable increases over the last year include household furnishings and operations
(+9.9 percent), medical care (+5.4 percent), new vehicles (+10.1 percent), and used cars and trucks
(+7.8 percent).
The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) increased 8.3 percent over the last 12
months to an index level of 296.171 (1982-84=100). For the month, the index was unchanged prior to
seasonal adjustment.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) increased 8.7
percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 291.629 (1982-84=100). For the month, the index
declined 0.2 percent prior to seasonal adjustment.
The Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) increased 8.0 percent over the
last 12 months. For the month, the index increased 0.1 percent on a not seasonally adjusted basis. Please
note that the indexes for the past 10 to 12 months are subject to revision.
_______________
The Consumer Price Index for September 2022 is scheduled to be released on Thursday, October
13, 2022, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
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Technical Note
In calculating the index, price changes for the various items in each location are aggregated using
weights, which represent their importance in the spending of the appropriate population group. Local
data are then combined to obtain a U.S. city average. For the CPI-U and CPI-W, separate indexes are
also published by size of city, by region of the country, for cross-classifications of regions and
population-size classes, and for 23 selected local areas. Area indexes do not measure differences in the
level of prices among cities; they only measure the average change in prices for each area since the base
period. For the C-CPI-U, data are issued only at the national level. The CPI-U and CPI-W are
considered final when released, but the C-CPI-U is issued in preliminary form and subject to three
subsequent quarterly revisions.
The index measures price change from a designed reference date. For most of the CPI-U and the CPI-W,
the reference base is 1982-84 equals 100. The reference base for the C-CPI-U is December 1999 equals
100. An increase of 7 percent from the reference base, for example, is shown as 107.000. Alternatively,
that relationship can also be expressed as the price of a base period market basket of goods and services
rising from $100 to $107.
Sampling Error in the CPI
The CPI is a statistical estimate that is subject to sampling error because it is based upon a sample of
retail prices and not the complete universe of all prices. BLS calculates and publishes estimates of the 1-
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month, 2-month, 6-month, and 12-month percent change standard errors annually for the CPI-U. These
standard error estimates can be used to construct confidence intervals for hypothesis testing. For
example, the estimated standard error of the 1-month percent change is 0.03 percent for the U.S. all
items CPI. This means that if we repeatedly sample from the universe of all retail prices using the same
methodology, and estimate a percentage change for each sample, then 95 percent of these estimates will
be within 0.06 percent of the 1-month percentage change based on all retail prices. For example, for a 1-
month change of 0.2 percent in the all items CPI-U, we are 95 percent confident that the actual percent
change based on all retail prices would fall between 0.14 and 0.26 percent. For the latest data, including
information on how to use the estimates of standard error, see www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/variance-
estimates/home.htm.
Calculating Index Changes
Movements of the indexes from 1 month to another are usually expressed as percent changes rather than
changes in index points, because index point changes are affected by the level of the index in relation to
its base period, while percent changes are not. The following table shows an example of using index
values to calculate percent changes:
Item A Item B Item C
Year I 112.500 225.000 110.000
Year II 121.500 243.000 128.000
Change in index
9.000 18.000 18.000
points
Percent change 9.0/112.500 x 100 = 8.0 18.0/225.000 x 100 = 8.0 18.0/110.000 x 100 = 16.4
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Intervention Analysis
The Bureau of Labor Statistics uses intervention analysis seasonal adjustment (IASA) for some CPI
series. Sometimes extreme values or sharp movements can distort the underlying seasonal pattern of
price change. Intervention analysis seasonal adjustment is a process by which the distortions caused by
such unusual events are estimated and removed from the data prior to calculation of seasonal factors.
The resulting seasonal factors, which more accurately represent the seasonal pattern, are then applied to
the unadjusted data.
For example, this procedure was used for the motor fuel series to offset the effects of the 2009 return to
normal pricing after the worldwide economic downturn in 2008. Retaining this outlier data during
seasonal factor calculation would distort the computation of the seasonal portion of the time series data
for motor fuel, so it was estimated and removed from the data prior to seasonal adjustment. Following
that, seasonal factors were calculated based on this “prior adjusted” data. These seasonal factors
represent a clearer picture of the seasonal pattern in the data. The last step is for motor fuel seasonal
factors to be applied to the unadjusted data.
For the seasonal factors introduced for January 2022, BLS adjusted 72 series using intervention analysis
seasonal adjustment, including selected food and beverage items, motor fuels, electricity, and vehicles.
Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Indexes
Seasonally adjusted data, including the U.S. city average all items index levels, are subject to revision
for up to 5 years after their original release. Every year, economists in the CPI calculate new seasonal
factors for seasonally adjusted series and apply them to the last 5 years of data. Seasonally adjusted
indexes beyond the last 5 years of data are considered to be final and not subject to revision. For January
2022, revised seasonal factors and seasonally adjusted indexes for 2017 to 2021 were calculated and
published. For series which are directly adjusted using the Census X-13ARIMA-SEATS seasonal
adjustment software, the seasonal factors for 2021 will be applied to data for 2022 to produce the
seasonally adjusted 2022 indexes. Series which are indirectly seasonally adjusted by summing
seasonally adjusted component series have seasonal factors which are derived and are therefore not
available in advance.
Determining Seasonal Status
Each year the seasonal status of every series is reevaluated based upon certain statistical criteria. Using
these criteria, BLS economists determine whether a series should change its status from "not seasonally
adjusted" to "seasonally adjusted", or vice versa. If any of the 81 components of the U.S. city average all
items index change their seasonal adjustment status from seasonally adjusted to not seasonally adjusted,
not seasonally adjusted data will be used in the aggregation of the dependent series for the last 5 years,
but the seasonally adjusted indexes before that period will not be changed. For 2022, 22 of the 81
components of the U.S. city average all items index are seasonally adjusted.
Contact Information
For additional information about the CPI visit www.bls.gov/cpi or contact the CPI Information and
Analysis Section at 202-691-7000 or cpi_info@bls.gov.
For additional information on seasonal adjustment in the CPI visit www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonal-
adjustment/home.htm or contact the CPI seasonal adjustment section at 202-691-6968 or
cpiseas@bls.gov.
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access
telecommunications relay services.
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Table 1. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,
August 2022
[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]
Unadjusted percent Seasonally adjusted percent
Relative Unadjusted indexes
change change
impor-
Expenditure category tance Aug. Jul. May Jun. Jul.
Jul. Aug. Jul. Aug. 2021- 2022- 2022- 2022- 2022-
2022 2021 2022 2022 Aug. Aug. Jun. Jul. Aug.
2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
All items............................................ . 100.000 273.567 296.276 296.171 8.3 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.1
Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.527 279.135 308.532 310.875 11.4 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.8
Food at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.414 259.825 292.972 295.007 13.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 0.7
Cereals and bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.086 288.990 332.968 336.399 16.4 1.0 2.1 1.8 1.2
Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.900 288.367 318.141 318.867 10.6 0.2 -0.4 0.5 0.5
Dairy and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.798 230.145 265.638 267.461 16.2 0.7 1.7 1.7 0.3
Fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.407 313.672 341.839 343.221 9.4 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5
Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage
materials................................. . 0.964 182.277 204.944 206.693 13.4 0.9 0.8 2.3 0.5
Other food at home....................... . 2.259 222.863 257.295 259.976 16.7 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.1
Food away from home1..................... . 5.113 309.336 331.342 334.212 8.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.782 246.639 325.407 305.372 23.8 -6.2 7.5 -4.6 -5.0
Energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.170 281.730 405.676 358.038 27.1 -11.7 10.4 -7.6 -10.1
Fuel oil1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.165 276.557 495.910 466.755 68.8 -5.9 -1.2 -11.0 -5.9
Motor fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.931 278.461 399.682 351.315 26.2 -12.1 11.0 -7.6 -10.5
Gasoline (all types). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.824 277.448 396.952 348.593 25.6 -12.2 11.2 -7.7 -10.6
Energy services.............................. . 3.612 223.272 262.731 267.564 19.8 1.8 3.5 0.1 2.1
Electricity................................... . 2.658 229.088 262.347 265.191 15.8 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.5
Utility (piped) gas service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.954 202.140 258.666 268.866 33.0 3.9 8.2 -3.6 3.5
All items less food and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.691 279.507 295.646 297.178 6.3 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.6
Commodities less food and energy
commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.168 156.581 166.746 167.637 7.1 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.5
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.391 121.194 125.188 127.328 5.1 1.7 0.8 -0.1 0.2
New vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.024 158.652 173.618 174.598 10.1 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8
Used cars and trucks..................... . 4.021 197.535 213.683 212.895 7.8 -0.4 1.6 -0.4 -0.1
Medical care commodities1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.474 375.685 390.077 391.032 4.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2
Alcoholic beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.865 264.315 274.344 275.627 4.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4
Tobacco and smoking products1. . . . . . . . 0.511 1,254.492 1,349.636 1,364.765 8.8 1.1 0.6 0.3 1.1
Services less energy services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.523 355.423 375.060 376.980 6.1 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.6
Shelter...................................... . 32.247 336.284 354.935 357.264 6.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7
Rent of primary residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.246 349.710 370.448 373.283 6.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7
Owners’ equivalent rent of
residences2........................... . 23.654 344.327 363.311 365.993 6.3 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7
Medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.807 573.500 601.056 605.883 5.6 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.8
Physicians’ services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.802 408.490 411.846 412.828 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2
Hospital services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.129 365.843 377.415 380.339 4.0 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.7
Transportation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.872 325.652 363.389 362.511 11.3 -0.2 2.1 -0.5 0.5
Motor vehicle maintenance and
repair1. . . . . . . .......................... . 1.034 320.504 343.678 349.539 9.1 1.7 2.0 1.1 1.7
Motor vehicle insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.407 566.183 609.585 615.559 8.7 1.0 1.9 1.3 1.3
Airline fares. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.673 212.882 311.205 283.911 33.4 -8.8 -1.8 -7.8 -4.6
1
Not seasonally adjusted.
2
Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.
3
Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure
category, August 2022
[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]
Unadjusted percent
Seasonally adjusted percent change
Relative change
importance Aug. Jul. May Jun. Jul.
Expenditure category
Jul. 2021- 2022- 2022- 2022- 2022-
2022 Aug. Aug. Jun. Jul. Aug.
2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
1
Not seasonally adjusted.
2
Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.
3
Special index based on a substantially smaller sample.
4
Indexes on a December 2007=100 base.
5
Indexes on a December 2005=100 base.
6
Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.
7
Indexes on a December 1993=100 base.
8
Indexes on a December 2009=100 base.
9
Indexes on a December 1990=100 base.
10
Indexes on a December 1983=100 base.
11
Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.
12
Indexes on a December 2019=100 base.
13
Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.
14
Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
Table 3. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, special aggregate indexes,
August 2022
[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]
Unadjusted percent Seasonally adjusted percent
Relative Unadjusted indexes
change change
impor-
Special aggregate indexes tance Aug. Jul. May Jun. Jul.
Jul. Aug. Jul. Aug. 2021- 2022- 2022- 2022- 2022-
2022 2021 2022 2022 Aug. Aug. Jun. Jul. Aug.
2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
All items less food.................................. . 86.473 272.680 294.363 293.893 7.8 -0.2 1.4 -0.2 0.0
All items less shelter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.753 252.072 276.416 275.409 9.3 -0.4 1.7 -0.3 -0.2
All items less food and shelter.................... . 54.226 245.033 268.146 266.417 8.7 -0.6 1.8 -0.6 -0.4
All items less food, shelter, and energy. . . . . . . . . . 45.444 247.913 262.628 263.732 6.4 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.5
All items less food, shelter, energy, and used
cars and trucks................................... . 41.422 249.078 263.458 264.767 6.3 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.5
All items less medical care........................ . 91.719 261.479 284.084 283.794 8.5 -0.1 1.4 -0.1 0.1
All items less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.218 278.691 296.702 298.346 7.1 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.6
Commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.865 202.496 226.110 223.891 10.6 -1.0 2.1 -0.5 -0.8
Commodities less food, energy, and used
cars and trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.146 150.858 160.175 161.371 7.0 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6
Commodities less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.338 168.214 188.836 185.295 10.2 -1.9 2.6 -1.4 -1.6
Commodities less food and beverages. . . . . . . . 25.473 164.825 185.573 181.945 10.4 -2.0 2.7 -1.4 -1.6
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.135 343.246 364.465 366.622 6.8 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.7
Services less rent of shelter1................... . 28.251 361.047 385.783 387.748 7.4 0.5 1.1 0.1 0.6
Services less medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . 53.328 325.805 346.527 348.484 7.0 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.7
Durables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.688 120.666 129.856 130.123 7.8 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.5
Nondurables......................................... . 27.177 242.338 275.627 271.395 12.0 -1.5 2.8 -0.8 -1.4
Nondurables less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.650 211.357 247.498 238.068 12.6 -3.8 4.4 -2.7 -3.6
Nondurables less food and beverages. . . . . . . . 12.785 208.085 245.823 235.747 13.3 -4.1 4.7 -2.9 -3.8
Nondurables less food, beverages, and
apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.394 266.720 325.961 308.244 15.6 -5.4 5.5 -3.7 -4.8
Nondurables less food and apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . 11.258 265.155 319.632 303.708 14.5 -5.0 5.1 -3.6 -4.3
Housing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................... . 41.919 282.391 302.327 304.506 7.8 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.8
Education and communication2................... . 5.999 143.011 143.150 143.687 0.5 0.4 0.2 -0.2 0.1
Education2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.547 275.373 280.974 283.882 3.1 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.5
Communication2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.452 76.061 75.061 74.977 -1.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.2
Information and information processing2. . . . 3.370 71.831 70.782 70.703 -1.6 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.2
Information technology, hardware and
services3..................................... . 1.590 7.423 7.201 7.183 -3.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.9 -0.4
Recreation2.......................................... . 4.974 126.245 131.087 131.437 4.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
Video and audio2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.416 111.756 113.000 112.544 0.7 -0.4 0.0 -0.6 -0.5
Pets, pet products and services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.067 185.437 202.111 204.246 10.1 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.1
Photography2..................................... . 0.051 77.624 81.343 82.424 6.2 1.3 -0.5 1.3 1.0
Food and beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.392 278.201 306.278 308.550 10.9 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.8
Domestically produced farm food.............. . 7.083 268.392 303.324 305.505 13.8 0.7 1.1 1.4 0.7
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.696 377.579 387.616 388.767 3.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2
Apparel less footwear.............................. . 1.798 112.577 115.879 118.305 5.1 2.1 0.5 -0.1 0.5
Fuels and utilities................................... . 4.927 264.303 305.797 309.739 17.2 1.3 2.5 -0.3 1.5
Household energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.851 218.980 261.643 265.453 21.2 1.5 3.2 -0.4 1.8
Medical care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.281 525.247 549.562 553.429 5.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.7
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.362 238.333 278.958 270.334 13.4 -3.1 3.8 -2.1 -2.3
Private transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.400 237.994 277.502 269.389 13.2 -2.9 4.1 -1.9 -2.2
New and used motor vehicles2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.106 119.475 131.074 131.226 9.8 0.1 1.6 0.0 0.4
Utilities and public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.473 229.805 254.496 254.797 10.9 0.1 1.3 -0.5 0.7
Household furnishings and operations. . . . . . . . . . . 4.745 132.076 144.291 145.110 9.9 0.6 0.4 0.6 1.0
Other goods and services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.682 479.048 507.204 510.892 6.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.7
Personal care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.171 244.968 258.315 259.954 6.1 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.6
1
Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.
2
Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.
3
Indexes on a December 1988=100 base.
Table 4. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): Selected areas, all items index, August 2022
[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]
Percent change to Aug. 2022 from: Percent change to Jul. 2022 from:
Pricing
Area Aug. Jun. Jul. Jul. May Jun.
Schedule1
2021 2022 2022 2021 2022 2022
1
Foods, fuels, and several other items are priced every month in all areas. Most other goods and services are priced as indicated: M - Every month.
1 - January, March, May, July, September, and November. 2 - February, April, June, August, October, and December.
2
Regions defined as the four Census regions.
3
Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
4
Indexes on a December 2017=100 base.
5
Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.
6
1998 - 2017 indexes based on substantially smaller sample.
7
Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.
8
Indexes on a 1987=100 base.
NOTE: Local area indexes are byproducts of the national CPI program. Each local index has a smaller sample size than the national index and is,
therefore, subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national
index, although their long-term trends are similar. Therefore, the Bureau of Labor Statistics strongly urges users to consider adopting the national
average CPI for use in their escalator clauses.
Table 5. Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) and the Consumer Price Index for
All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, all items index, August 2022
[Percent changes]
Unadjusted 1-month percent change Unadjusted 12-month percent change
Month Year
C-CPI-U1 CPI-U C-CPI-U1 CPI-U
1
The C-CPI-U is designed to be a closer approximation to a cost-of-living index in that it, in its final form, accounts for any substitution that
consumers make across item categories in response to changes in relative prices. Since the expenditure data required for the calculation of the
C-CPI-U are available only with a time lag, the C-CPI-U is issued first in preliminary form using the latest available expenditure data at that time and
is subject to four revisions.
Indexes are issued as initial estimates. Indexes are revised each quarter with the publication of January, April, July, and October data as updated
expenditure estimates become available. The C-CPI-U indexes are updated quarterly until they become final. January-March indexes are final in
January of the following year; April-June indexes are final in April of the following year; July-September indexes are final in July of the following year;
October-December indexes are final in October of the following year.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,
August 2022, 1-month analysis table
[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]
One Month
Relative Seasonally Seasonally Largest (L) or Smallest (S)
Standard
importance adjusted adjusted seasonally adjusted
Expenditure category error,
Jul. percent effect on All change since:3
median
2022 change Items
price Percent
Jul. 2022- Jul. 2022- Date
change2 change
Aug. 2022 Aug. 20221
1
The ’effect’ of an item category is a measure of that item’s contribution to the All items price change. For example, if the Food index had an effect of
0.40, and the All items index rose 1.2 percent, then the increase in food prices contributed 0.40 / 1.2, or 33.3 percent, to that All items increase.
Said another way, had food prices been unchanged for that month the change in the All items index would have been 1.2 percent minus 0.40, or 0.8
percent. Effects can be negative as well. For example, if the effect of food was a negative 0.1, and the All items index rose 0.5 percent, the All items
index actually would have been 0.1 percent higher (or 0.6 percent) had food prices been unchanged. Since food prices fell while prices overall were
rising, the contribution of food to the All items price change was negative (in this case, -0.1 / 0.5, or minus 20 percent).
2
A statistic’s margin of error is often expressed as its point estimate plus or minus two standard errors. For example, if a CPI category rose 0.6
percent, and its standard error was 0.15 percent, the margin of error on this item’s 1-month percent change would be 0.6 percent, plus or minus 0.3
percent.
3
If the current seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change is greater than the previous published 1-month percent change, then this column
identifies the closest prior month with a 1-month percent change as (L)arge as or (L)arger than the current 1-month change. If the current 1-month
percent change is smaller than the previous published 1-month percent change, the most recent month with a change as (S)mall or (S)maller than
the current month change is identified. If the current and previous published 1-month percent changes are equal, a dash will appear. Standard
numerical comparisons are used. For example, 0.8% is greater than 0.6%, -0.4% is less than -0.2%, and -0.2% is less than 0.0%. Note that a
(L)arger change can be a smaller decline, for example, a -0.2% change is larger than a -0.4% change, but still represents a decline in the price
index. Likewise, (S)maller changes can be increases, for example, a 0.6% change is smaller than 0.8%, but still represents an increase in the price
index. In this context, a -0.2% change is considered to be smaller than a 0.0% change.
4
Not seasonally adjusted.
5
Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.
6
Special indexes based on a substantially smaller sample. These series do not contribute to the all items index aggregation and therefore do not
have a relative importance or effect.
7
Indexes on a December 2007=100 base.
8
Indexes on a December 2005=100 base.
9
Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.
10
Indexes on a December 1993=100 base.
11
Indexes on a December 2009=100 base.
12
Indexes on a December 1990=100 base.
13
Indexes on a December 1983=100 base.
14
Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.
15
Indexes on a December 2019=100 base.
16
Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.
17
Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
18
Indexes on a December 1988=100 base.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,
August 2022, 12-month analysis table
[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]
Twelve Month
Relative Unadjusted Unadjusted Standard Largest (L) or Smallest (S)
importance percent effect on All error, unadjusted change since:3
Expenditure category
Jul. change Items median
2022 Aug. 2021- Aug. 2021- price Percent
Date
Aug. 2022 Aug. 20221 change2 change
1
The ’effect’ of an item category is a measure of that item’s contribution to the All items price change. For example, if the Food index had an effect of
0.40, and the All items index rose 1.2 percent, then the increase in food prices contributed 0.40 / 1.2, or 33.3 percent, to that All items increase.
Said another way, had food prices been unchanged for that year the change in the All items index would have been 1.2 percent minus 0.40, or 0.8
percent. Effects can be negative as well. For example, if the effect of food was a negative 0.1, and the All items index rose 0.5 percent, the All items
index actually would have been 0.1 percent higher (or 0.6 percent) had food prices been unchanged. Since food prices fell while prices overall were
rising, the contribution of food to the All items price change was negative (in this case, -0.1 / 0.5, or minus 20 percent).
2
A statistic’s margin of error is often expressed as its point estimate plus or minus two standard errors. For example, if a CPI category rose 2.6
percent, and its standard error was 0.25 percent, the margin of error on this item’s 12-month percent change would be 2.6 percent, plus or minus
0.5 percent.
3
If the current 12-month percent change is greater than the previous published 12-month percent change, then this column identifies the closest prior
month with a 12-month percent change as (L)arge as or (L)arger than the current 12-month change. If the current 12-month percent change is
smaller than the previous published 12-month percent change, the most recent month with a change as (S)mall or (S)maller than the current month
change is identified. If the current and previous published 12-month percent changes are equal, a dash will appear. Standard numerical comparison
is used. For example, 2.0% is greater than 0.6%, -4.4% is less than -2.0%, and -2.0% is less than 0.0%. Note that a (L)arger change can be a
smaller decline, for example, a -0.2% change is larger than a -0.4% change, but still represents a decline in the price index. Likewise, (S)maller
changes can be increases, for example, a 0.6% change is smaller than 0.8%, but still represents an increase in the price index. In this context, a
-0.2% change is considered to be smaller than a 0.0% change.
4
Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.
5
Special indexes based on a substantially smaller sample. These series do not contribute to the all items index aggregation and therefore do not
have a relative importance or effect.
6
Indexes on a December 2007=100 base.
7
Indexes on a December 2005=100 base.
8
Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.
9
Indexes on a December 1993=100 base.
10
Indexes on a December 2009=100 base.
11
Indexes on a December 1990=100 base.
12
Indexes on a December 1983=100 base.
13
Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.
14
Indexes on a December 2019=100 base.
15
Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.
16
Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
17
Indexes on a December 1988=100 base.