Lesson 1: SC - Sci 1 - Teaching Science in The Elementary Grades

Reasons Why the
Philippines Needs a K-12

School System
1. Sufficient Instructional Time
2. A more active Role in the Learning Process
3. Preparedness for Tertiary Learning
4. More skilled and competent graduates

5. Easy recognition as Global Citizens and
Professionals
Lesson 1
Science in the K to 12
Curriculum
Contents of
Curriculum Elementary Science
Framework in a Spiral
Progression
Most Essential
Key Stage and
Learning
Grade Level
Competencies
Standards
(MELCs)
SCIENCE CURICULUM
FRAMEWORK
Conceptual
Framework
of the
Science
Education
Science education aims to develop scientific literacy
among learners that will prepare them to be informed
and participative citizens who are able to make
judgments and decisions regarding applications of
scientific knowledge that may have social, health, or
environmental impacts.
The science curriculum recognizes the place of
science and technology in everyday human affairs. It
integrates science and technology in the social,
economic, personal and ethical aspects of life. The
science curriculum promotes a strong link between
science and technology, including indigenous
technology, thus preserving our country’s cultural
heritage.
The K to 12 science curriculum will provide learners
with a repertoire of competencies important in the
world of work and in a knowledge-based society. It
envisions the development of scientifically,
technologically, and environmentally literate and
productive members of society who are critical
problem solvers, responsible stewards of nature,
innovative and creative citizens, informed decision
makers, and effective communicators.
This curriculum is designed around the three domains
of learning science: understanding and applying
scientific knowledge in local setting as well as global
context whenever possible, performing scientific
processes and skills, and developing and
demonstrating scientific attitudes and values.
The acquisition of these domains is facilitated using
the following approaches: multi/interdisciplinary
approach, science technology-society approach,
contextual learning, problem/issue-based learning,
and inquiry-based approach. The approaches are
based on sound educational pedagogy namely,
constructivism, social cognition learning model,
learning style theory, and brain-based learning.
Science content and science processes are intertwined
in the K to 12 Curriculum. Without the content, learners
will have difficulty utilizing science process skills since
these processes are best learned in context. Organizing
the curriculum around situations and problems that
challenge and arouse learners’ curiosity motivates them
to learn and appreciate science as relevant and useful.
Rather than relying solely on textbooks, varied hands-on,
minds-on, and hearts-on activities will be used to
develop learners’ interest and let them become active
learners.
As a whole, the K to 12 science curriculum is learner-
centered and inquiry-based, emphasizing the use of
evidence in constructing explanations. Concepts and skills
in Life Sciences, Physics, Chemistry, and Earth Sciences
are presented with increasing levels of complexity from
one grade level to another in spiral progression, thus
paving the way to a deeper understanding of core
concepts. The integration across science topics and other
disciplines will lead to a meaningful understanding of
concepts and its application to real-life situations. (K to 12
Science Curriculum Guide May 2016)
Three Domains of Learning Science
1. Understanding and Applying Scientific Knowledge
2. Developing and Demonstrating Scientific Attitudes and

Values
3. Performing Scientific Inquiry Skills

Understanding and Applying Scientific Knowledge
Science literacy starts with acquisition of knowledge
(ideas, concepts, generalizations, theories). However,
such knowledge should be understood and applied.
Thus, in teaching science, teachers should remember
that although memorization of facts is important,
however, these facts, knowledge, generalization and
theories should be understood and used in the daily
lives.
Developing and Demonstrating Scientific Attitudes
and Values
Scientific attitude is defined as way of viewing things, a
curiosity to know how and why things happen with an
open mind on govern facts. It is a way of thinking, feeling,
acting and a disposition toward science. Attitude can be
positive or negative. Science attitude is oftentimes
attributed to characteristics of scientists, but learners can
also develop scientific attitudes.
Scientific Attitudes
"Before I got through," he recalled, "I
1. Curiosity tested no fewer than 6,000 vegetable
2. Humility growths, and ransacked the world for the
3. Open-mindedness most suitable filament material."
"The electric light has caused me the
4. Intellectual honesty greatest amount of study and has
5. Perseverance required the most elaborate
6. Skepticism experiments," he wrote. "I was never
myself discouraged, or inclined to be
7. Creative and Innovative hopeless of success. I cannot say the
8. Rational same for all my associates."
9. Objectivity "Genius is one percent inspiration and
10. Innovative ninety-nine percent perspiration.“
Thomas Alva Edison
Performing Scientific Inquiry Skills
A science oriented mind is a questioning mind. To
inquire is to ask a series of questions and find answers
to the questions asked. The series of questioning and
finding answers to the questions refer to scientific
inquiry.
Kindergarten to Grade 4 Learners
Ask questions about objects, organism and events in the

environment.
Plan and conduct a simple investigation.
Employ simple equipment and tools to gather data and extend the
senses.
Use data to construct reasonable explanation.
Communicate investigations and explanations.

Grade 5 to Grade 8 Learners
Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigations.
Design and conduct simple scientific investigations.
Use appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze and interpret

data.
Develop descriptions, explanations, predictions and models using
evidence.
Think critically and logically to make the relationship between evidence
and explanations.
Approaches, Models and Practices Used in the Framework
Multidisciplinary – Problem/Issue Based Learning
Interdisciplinary Approach (PBL)
is the use of two or more subject a method of and teaching which
areas in one lesson or activity. allows students to focus on how
and what they will learn. It is a
Science – Technology Society student-centered approach to
(STS) Approach learning that encourages students
an interdisciplinary field that to be self-directed, interdependent
examines how science and and independent as they attempt
technology shape societies, to solve the set problem.
cultures and environments and
how social, cultural and
environmental factors that shape
the development of science and
technology.
Inquiry-based Approach Constructivism
anchored on the idea of seeking a theory that explains about how

for truth, information or knowledge. people learn by constructing their
It is not looking for the right own understanding and knowledge
answer but seeking the of the world through prior
appropriate solution. The learners’ experiences and reflecting on
take ownership of a problem or a those experiences. There is a
need and the desire to solve it. continuous asking of questions,
exploration and assessment. In the
teaching-learning it means
encouraging to use active learning
as experimenting and real world
problem solving to create more
knowledge.
Social Cognition Learning Learning Style Theory
Model
“All learners are created equally
introduced by Lev Vygotsky where
but learn differently.” Each
he asserts that culture is the
individual has a preference in how
primary factor of individual
they learn. Individual learning style
development. Culture teaches the
depends on cognitive, emotional,
learners both what to think and
environmental factors and one’s
how to think. Thus, since children
previous knowledge. Individualized
learn much through interactions,
teaching and learning or
lessons should be designed to
differentiated instructions are
emphasize interaction between
likewise anchored on learning
learners and learning task.
styles of learners. The most
accepted understandings of the
learning style fall into three
categories: Visual, Auditory (Oral-
Aural) and Tactile or Kinesthetic.
Brain-based Learning
refers to teaching methods, lesson

designs, and school programs that
are based on the latest scientific
research about how the brain
learns, including such factors as
cognitive development—how
students learn differently as they
age, grow, and mature socially,
emotionally, and cognitively.
Characteristics of a Scientific, Technological and Environmentally Literate
Person
Critical and Creative Problem Solver

learners have developed skills that enable them to
analyze and find solutions to any perplexing
questions of problems. They have other ways
of solving problems.
Responsible steward of nature
learners demonstrate concern in keeping the

environment safe for themselves and for
everybody. They become citizens who take
responsibility of their action in protecting
and preserving the environment.
Innovative and Inventive thinker
science as a discipline will enable learners to

create and innovate something simple for
humanity. They will become scientists and
inventors of the future.
Informed decision maker
as the science learners are growing up, they

should be able to develop the ability to
make informed decisions. Most especially
if they become independent learners.
Effective communicator
science literacy also develops the ability of the

learners to convey correct message to
others, whether written or oral, from their
fund of knowledge, results of inquiry,
investigations and many more. There is a
need for science learners to share their
findings.
ACTIVITY
In the graphic organizer, write at least three concepts,

three values, and three skills science teachers need to
develop among his/her learners. Explain briefly what
activities you’re going to introduce to promote the
development of the said knowledge, values, and skills.

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Reasons Why the

Philippines Needs a K-12

4. More skilled and competent graduates

1. Understanding and Applying Scientific Knowledge

2. Developing and Demonstrating Scientific Attitudes and

3. Performing Scientific Inquiry Skills

Ask questions about objects, organism and events in the

Communicate investigations and explanations.

Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigations.

Design and conduct simple scientific investigations.

Use appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze and interpret

anchored on the idea of seeking a theory that explains about how

refers to teaching methods, lesson

Critical and Creative Problem Solver

learners demonstrate concern in keeping the

science as a discipline will enable learners to

as the science learners are growing up, they

science literacy also develops the ability of the

In the graphic organizer, write at least three concepts,

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