PROPERTY LAW

COURSE SYLLABUS
Aklan College of Law
st
1 Semester, SY 2022-2023

Atty. Mylene Fernandez-Modesto

Professor

Suggested Textbook: Civil Code of the

Philippines Annotated Property Volume
II, Justice Edgardo L. Paras

BOOK II – PROPERTY,
OWNERSHIP, AND ITS
MODIFICATIONS

1st Week - Orientation and Introduction to the Course

2nd Week -

Title I - Classification of Property (Art. 414)

A. Concepts of Property and Things

B. Right to Property
Case:
Fernando v. St. Scholastics College, 693 SCRA 141
C. Regalian Doctrine Art. XII, Sec. 2 of the Constitution
Cases:
Republic vs. Bantigue, GR. No. 162322 March 14, 2012
DENR Sec. v. Yap, GR No. 167707 Oct. 8,2008
D. Distinction Between “Title” and “Certificate of Title
Case:
Castillo vs. Escutin GR No. 171056, March 13,2009

3rd Week

A. Kinds of Property
Real or immovable ----- Art. 415 (Memorize)
Personal or movable ----Arts. 416-418

Cases:
1. Leung Yee v. Strong Machinery Co, 37 Phil.644
2. Prudential Bank v. .Judge Panis, GR No. 50008, Aug. 31,1988
3. Bicerra, et al. v. Teneza, et al., L-16128, Nov. 29, 1962
4. Standard Oil Company v. Jaramillo, 44Phil.631
5. Toledo-Banaga v. Court of Appeals, 102 SCAD 906, 302 SCRA 331, 1999
6. MindanaoBusCo. v. City Assessor,GR No. L-17870, September 9,1962
7. Davao Sawmill Co. vs. Castillo, 61 Phil. 709 / GR No. 40411, August 7,1935
8. Valdez v. Central Altagracia, Inc., 225 U.S. 58
9. B.H. Berkenkotter v. Cu Unjieng, 61 Phil. 663
10. Ago v. Court of Appeals, et al., L-17898, Oct. 31, 1962

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 11. People’s Bank and Trust Co. v. Dahican Lumber Co., -17500, May 16, 1967
12. Associated Insurance v. Iya, 103 Phil.9725
13. Tumalad v. Vicencio, 122 SCRA296
14. Sibalv. Valdez, 50 Phil.512
15. Tsai vs. CA, GR No. 120098 October 2,2001
16. Caltex Phils. Inc., v. Board of Assessment Appeals GR No. L-50466 May 31,1982
17. Board of Assessment Appeals vs. Meralco, 119 Phil 328, 119 SCRA 68
18. Serg’s Products, Inc., et al vs. PCI Leasing and Finance Inc., 338 SCRA 499
19. Manila Electric Co. v. Central Board of Assessment Appeals, 114 SCRA 273
20. Ladera v. Hodges, Vol. 48 No. 12 Official Gatte 5374
21. Makati Leasing & Finance Corp. v. WeareverTextile Mills, Inc., GR No. L-58469
22. Yap v. Tañada, GR No. L-32917, 18 July 1988
23. Manila Electric Company v. City Assessor,GR No. 166102, August 5, 2015
24. Capitol Wireless, Inc. v. Provincial Treasurerof Batangas, GR No. 180110, May 30, 2016

4th Week

A. Property Classified According to Types of Ownership (Arts. 419-425)

Property of Public Dominion
Property of Private Ownership

Cases:
1. Mun.of Cavite v.Rojas, 30Phil. 602
2. Valiao et.a. lv.Republic, GR No. 170757, November 28, 2011
3. Maneclang, et al. v. IAC, GR No. 66575, Sep.tember 30, 1986
4. City of Manila v. Ins. Gov’t., 10 Phil.327
5. Santos v. Moreno, GR No. L-15829, Dec. 4,1967
6. Laurel v. Garcia, G.R. No. 92013 July 25,1990
7. Villongco, et al. v. Florencio Moreno, et al. L-17240, Jan. 31,1962
8. CEBU OXYGEN AND ACETYLENE CO. V. .BERCILLES, 66SCRA431
9. Rabuco v. Villegas, GR No. 92013, 92047, July 25, 1990
10. Macasiano v. Diokno, GR No. 97764, August 10, 1992
11. Republic v. Court of Appeals, GR No. 100709, November 14, 1997
12. Province of Zamboanga del Norte v. City of Zamboanga, GR No. L-24440, March 28,
1968
13. Chaves v. Public Estates Authority, GR No. 133250, July 9, 2002
14. Villlarico v. Sarmiento, GR No. 136438, November 11, 2004
15. Heirs of Malabanan v. Republic, GR No. 179987, Septemner 3, 2013
16. Repubic v. Santos, III, GR No. 160453, November 12, 2012
17. Navy Officers’ Village Association, Inc. v. Republic, GR No. 177168, August 3, 2015
18. City of Lapu-Lapu v. PEZA , GR No. 184203, 187583, November 26, 2014
19. Republic v. Aboitiz, GR No. 174626, October 23, 2013
20. Alolino v. Flores, GR No. 198774, April 4, 2016

5th Week

Title II – Ownership

A. Concept of Ownership (Art. 427)

B. Rights Included in Ownership (Art. 428)
 Bundle of rights
Jus utendi, fruendi, abutendi, vindicandi, disponendi (possidendi)
 Actions to recover ownership and possession of real property

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  Distinctions between accion reivindicatoria, accionpubliciana and accioninterdictal
 Distinctions between forcible entry and unlawful detainer
 Actions for recovery of possession of movable property
 Distinctions between real and personal rights

Cases:
1. MonasterioPe v. Tong GR 151369 March 23, 2011
2. Sps. Ong vs. Socorro Parel and CA GR No. 143173, March 28, 2001

D. What is the difference between Writ of Possession from Writ of Injunction

E. Limitations on Ownership
Cases:
1. Ayala Land v. Ray Burton, 29 SCRA 48:
2. Fajardo v. Freedom to Build, 337 SCRA 115 (2000)
3. Javier V. Veridiano, GR No. L-48050, October 10, 1994
4. . Bustos v. Court of Appeals, GR No. 120784-85, January 24, 2001
5. Heirs of Roman Soriano v. Court of Appeals, GR No. 128177, August 15, 2001
6. Garcia v. Court of Appeals, GR No. 133140, August 10, 1999
7. Rodil Enterprises, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, GR Nos.129609 and 135537, November
29, 2001
8. Isaguirre v. de Lara, GR No. 138053, May 31, 2000
9. Custodio v. Corrado, GR No. 146082, July 30, 2004
10. Abejaron v. Nabasa, GR No. 84831, June 20, 2001
11. Javier v. Lumontad, GR No. 203760, December 3, 2014
12. Bradford United Church of Christ, Inc. v. Ando, GR No. 195669, May 30, 2016

6th Week

1. Doctrine of Self-Help and Acts in State ofNecessity (Arts. 429 & 432)
2. Surface Rights (Art. 437)
3. Concept of HiddenTreasure (Arts. 438-439)
4. Modes of Acquiring Ownership
Original
Derivative
5. Limitations
General limitations: taxation, eminent domain, police power
Specific limitations: those imposed by law (sic utere tuo, nuisance, stateof
necessity), easements voluntarily imposed by owner (servitudes, mortgages imposed
by contract)

Cases:
1. German Management and Services, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 177 SCRA 495
2. Caisip v. People, 36 SCRA 17
3. People v. Pletcha, Jr., 22 CA Rep. 807
4. Diamond Farms, Inc. v. Diamond Farm Workers Multi-Purpose Cooperative, GR No.
192999, July 18, 2012
5. Spouses Fuentes v. Roca, GR No. 178902, April 21, 2010
6. Andamo v. Intermediate Appelate Court, GR No. 74761, November 6, 1990
7. Republic v. Rural Bank of Kabacan, Inc., GR No. 185124, January 25, 2012

7th Week

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 A. Right of Accession
i. For immovables:
1. Accession discreta (natural, industrial, civil fruits) and continua (over
immovables: artificial/industrial and natural)
2. Accession industrial (building, planting, sowing in good faith or bad faith)
3. Accession natural (accretion, avulsion, rivers, islands)

ii. For movables:

1. Accession continua (conjunction, adjunction, commixtion/confusion,
specification)
2. Rules for determining the principal andaccessory

Cases:
1. PNB v. De Jesus, 411 SCRA557(2003)
2. Balucanag vs. Francisco GR No. L-33422, May 30, 1983
3. Pecson vs. CA G.R. No. 115814 May 29,1995
4. Ignacio vs. Hilario GR No. L-175 April 30,1946
5. Quemuelv. Olaes GR No. L-11084, April 29,1961
6. Depra vs. Dumlao GR No. L-57348 May 16,1985
7. Reynante vs. CA GR No. 95907, April 8,1992
8. Florezav. Evangelista, 96 SCRA 130(1980)
9. Tan Quetov. CA, et al. GR No. 35648, Feb. 27,1987
10. Torbelavs. Sps Rosario and Banco Filipiino GR No. 140553 December 7,2011
11. Communities Cagayan, Inc. V. Spouses Nanol , GR No. 176791, November 14, 2012
12. Department of Education v. Tuliao, GR No. 205664, June 9, 2014
13. Spouses Aquino v. Spouses Aguilar, GR No. 182754, June 29, 2015
14. Department of Education v. Casibang, GR No. 192268, January 27, 2016

8th Week

A. Articles 447 & 448 Applied by Analogy

1. Spouses del Campo v. Abiesa, 160 SCRA 379
2. Pacific Forms, Inc. v. Esguerra, 30 SCRA 684
3. Pecson v Court of Appeals, 244 SCRA 407
B. Good Faith
1. Technogas Philippines v. Court of Appeals, 268 SCRA 5
2. Pleasantville Dev’t. Corp. v. Court of Appeals, 253 SCRA 10
3. Germiniano v. Court of Appeals, 259 SCRA 344
C. Lands Adjoining River Banks
D. Alluvium vs Alluvion (Art. 457-458)
Cases:
1. Agustin v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 259 SCRA 344
2. Viajar v. Court of Appeals, 168 SCRA 405
3. Vda. De Nazareno v. Intermedaiate Appelate Court, 257 SCRA 589
4. Heirs of Navarro v. Intermediate Appelate Court, 268 SCRA 74
5. Republic v. Santos, III, GR 160453, November 12, 2012 Daclison v.
6. Daclison v. BBaytion, GR 219811, April 6, 2016
7. Heirs of Narvasa, Sr. V. Imbornal, GR 182908, August 6, 2014
E. Change of course of river (Arts. 461-462 and P.D. 1067 or the Water Code)
F. Avulsion (Arts. 459-463)

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- Prelims -

5
9th Week

A. Quieting of Title to or Interest in and Removal or Prevention of Cloud Over Title to or

Interest in Real Property (Arts. 476-481)

Quieting of Title
Purpose
Distinction Between Quieting of Title and Removing/Preventing aCloud
Requisites for the Existence of a Cloud
Requisites for an Action to Quiet Title toProsper
Prescriptive Period

Cases:
1. Realty Sales Enterprise vs. IAC (G.R. No. L-67451 September 28,1987)
2. Lucasanv. PDIC (GR No. 176926 July 4, 2008)
3. Heirs of Tappa v. Heirs of Bacud, GR 187633, April 4, 2016
4. Spouses Galang v. Spouses reyes, GR 184746, August 15, 2012
5. Green Acres Holdings, Inc. V. Cabral, GR 175542, 183205, June 5, 2013
6. Heirs of Pocdo v. Avila, GR 199146, March 19, 2014

10th Week

Title III - Co-ownership (Arts. 484-501)

A. Concept of Co-ownership
B. Nature of Co-ownership
C. Dual Aspect of Co-ownership: The undivided Thing and the Aliquot Portion.
D. Special Rules
E. Concept of condominium
(i) Condominium Corporation
(ii) Interest in Real Property
(iii) Concept of Common Areas, Amendment
(iv) Documents to Consider (Master Deed, Declaration of Restrictions, Articles and
By-Laws of the Condominium Corporation or the Association, where
applicable)
Rights and Obligations of Condominium Owners
(v) Contributions/Dues
(vi) P.D. 957, The Subdivision and Condominium Buyers' Protective Decree and R.A.
6552, Realty Installment Buyer Act
Grounds for partition of common areas, or dissolution of the condominium
F. Sources of Co-Ownership
G. Rights of Co-Owners
Distinction Between Right to Property Owned in Common and Full Ownership
Over His/Her Ideal Share
Right to Oppose Acts of Alteration
1. Right to Partition
2. Right to Contributions for Expenses (necessary expenses, taxes)
3. Waiver
4. Right to Redemption of Co-owner’s Share
Cases:
1. Heirs of Protacio G., Sr. vs. Servacio and Go GR NO. 157537 Sept. 7, 2011
2. Baloloy v. Hular 438 SCRA 80(2004)
3. Lacbayan vs. Samoy, Jr. G.R. NO. 65427 March 21, 2011
4. Cruz vs. Catapang 544 SCRA 512(2008)

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 5. Sanchez v. CA 404 SCRA 540(2003)
6. Del Bnaco v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 156 SCRA 55
7. Heirs of dela Rosa v. Batongbacal, GR 179205, July 30, 2014
8. Arambulo v. Nolasco, GR 189420, March 26, 2014
9. Quintos v. Nicolas, GR 210252, June 16, 2014
10. Apique v. Fahnestich, GR 205705, August 5, 2015
11. Catedrilla v. Lauron, GR 179011, April 15, 2013

11th Week

H. Termination/Extinguishment
Effect of Partition
Rights Against Individual Co-Owners in Case of Partition
Partition in Case Co-Owners Cannot Agree

Cases:
1. Heirs of Salud Dizon Salamat v. Tamayo, 298 SCRA313
2. Heirs of Restar vs. Heirs of Cichon, 475 SCRA731
3. Caro v. Court of Appeals, 113 SCRA 10
4. Bailon-Casilao v. Court of Appels, 160 SCRA 738
5. Aguilar v. Court of Appeals, 227 SCRA 472
6. Tomas Claudio Memoorial College, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 316 SCRA 502
7. Robles v. Court of Appeals, 328 SCRA 97

Title IV - Some Special Properties

A. Waters (Arts. 502-518)
B. Minerals (Art. 519)
C. Trademark and Trade Names (Arts. 520-523)

12th Week

Title V – Possession
A. Characteristics
B. How acquired (Art.531)
C. Effects of possession
Possessor in Good Faith (Arts. 544, 526-527)
1. Right to Pending fruits (Art.545)
2. Right to Be Reimbursed
a. Necessary and Useful Expenses (Arts.546-547)
b. Expenses for Pure Luxury (Art.548)
Possessor in Bad Faith (Arts. 449, 549, 552)
D. Loss or Unlawful Deprivation of a Movable (Arts. 559, 1505(3)

D. 1. Period to recover (Arts. 1140, 1134, 1132, 1133)

2. Finder of lost movable (Arts.719-720)
3. Distinguished from voidable title (Art.1506)
A. In Concept of Owner, Holder, in One’s Own Name, in nNme of Another
B. Rights of the Possessor

Cases:
1. Rizal Cement Co., Inc. v. Villareal, 135 SCRA 15
2. Wong v. carpio, 203 SCRA 118
3. Somodio v. Court of Appeals, 235 SCRA 307
4. Maglucot-Aw v. Maglucot, 329 SCRA 78
5. Cequena v. Bolante, 330 SCRA 216
6. Carbonilla v. Abiera, GR 177637, July 26, 2010

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13th Week

A. Loss/Termination (Art. 555)

Cases:
1. Aragon v. Insular Government, 19 Phil. 223
2. Catholic Vicar Apostolic of the Mountain Province v. CA, 183 SCRA 639
3. Supapo v. Spouses de Jesus, GR No. 198356, April 20, 2015

B. Theory of Irrevindicability (Art. 559)

Requisites
Exceptions to the Theory of Irrevindicability

Cases:
1. EDCA Publishing & Distributing Corp. v. Santos, G.R No. 80298, April 26,
1990, 134SCRA614
2. De Garciav v. Hon. Court of Appeals, G.R No. L-20264, January 30, 1971,
37SCRA129
3. Dizon v. Sunta, 47 SCRA 160
4. Ledesma v. Court of Appeals, 213 SCRA 195
5. Subic Bay Legend Resorts and Casino, Inc. V. Fernandez, GR No. 193426,
September 29, 2014

C. Fruits

Cases:
1. nd Adobo v. Eusebio, 105 SCRA 569
2. Cordero v. Cabral, 123 SCRA 532

D. Expenses

Cases:
1. Mendoza and Enriquez v. de Guzman, 52 Phil. 164
2. Robles and martin v. Lizzaraga Hermanos, etc., 42 Phil. 584
3. Metropolitan Waterworksand sewerage System v. CA, 143 SCRA 623

E. Possession of Animals

- Midterm –

14th Week

Title VI – Usufruct

A. Classification
B. Usufruct and Lease Distinguished
C. Rights of the Usufructuary (Arts. 566-582)
As to the Thing and Its Fruits
As to the Usufruct Itself:

Cases:
1. Hemedes vs. CA, GR No. 107132 October 8,1999
2. Fabie vs. Gutierrez David, GR. No. L-123, December 12,1945
D. Obligations of theUsufructuary (Arts. 583-602)
Before Exercising the Usufructuary:
During the Usufruct:

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 Cases:
Vda. De Aranas v. Aranas, 150 SCRA 415

A. Rights of the Owner During the Usufruct:

B. Obligations of the Owner at the Expiration of theUsufruct
C. Extinguishment of Usufruct (Arts. 603-612)
Cases:
1. Moralidad v. Pemes GR. No. 152809, August 3, 2006
2. Locsin v. Valenzuela, 173 SCRA 454

15th Week

Title VII - Easements or Servitudes (Arts. 613, 615-616)

A. Easements in General (Arts. 613-633)
3. Characteristics of Easements
4. Classifications of Easements
5. Dominant Owner v. Servient Owner
6. Eztinguishment of Easements
B. Legal Easements (Arts. 634-687)
1. Easements Relating to Waters
2. Easement of right of way
3. Easement of Party Wall
4. Easement of Light and View
5. Drainage Buildings
6. Intermediate Distances and Works for Certain Constructions and Plantings
7. Easement Against Nuisance
8. Lateral and Subjacent Support

C. Voluntary Easements (Arts. 688-693)

Cases:
1. Quimen vs. C.A, 257 SCRA163;
2. Leogario Ronquillo vs. Jose Roco GR No. L-10619 February 28,1958
3. Crisencia Cristobal vs. CA GR. No. 125339
4. Sps. Cesar & Sta. Maria vs. CA GR. no.127549
5. Dichoso, Jr. vs. Marcos GR No. 180282 April 11, 2011
6. Alolino v. Flores, GR No. 198774, April 4, 2016
7. Calimoso v. Roullo, GR No. 198594, January 25, 2016
8. Andres v. Sta. Lucia Realty & Development, Inc., GR No. 201405, August
24, 2015
9. Republic v. Santos, III, GR No. 160453, November 12, 2012

16th Week

Title VIII - Nuisance (Arts. 694-707)

A. Definition
B. Classification
C. Remedies

Cases:
1. Hidalgo Enterprises, Inc. V. Balandan, 91 Phil.
2. Rana v. Wong, GR 192861-62, June 30, 2014
3. Cruz v. Pandacan Hiker’s Club, Inc., GR 188213, January 11, 2016

Title IX – Registry of Oroperty(Arts. 708-711)

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17th Week

BOOK THREE – Different Modes of Acquiring Ownership (Art. 712)

Theory of Mode and Title

Cases:
Acap v. Court of Appeals, 251 SCRA 30

Title I - Occupation (Arts.713-720)

Requisites

Title II - Intellectual Creation (Arts. 721-724)

Title III - Donation:

A. Definition (Arts. 725-726, 746)
B. Characteristics
C. Kinds
D. Formalities Required
E. Qualifications of Donor, Donee
F. Effects of Donation/Limitations
a. Void donations (Arts. 739-740, 1027)
b. Revocation or Reduction
i. Grounds
ii. How Done
iii. Effects
iv. Prescription
v. Inofficious Donations (Arts. 760-761, 771-773)
vi. Ingratitude (Arts. 765,769)

Cases:
1. Garrido u. CA, 236SCRA 450 (Capacity to sue to annul donation)
2. Puig vs. Penqflorida, 15 SCRA 276 (Donations Mortis Causa)
3. Central PhilippineUniversity, GR 112127, July17,1995 (Revocation;
Non-Compliance; Resolutory Condition)
4. Carinan v. Spouses Cueto, GR 198636, October 8, 2014
5. Calanasan v. Spouses Dolorito, GR 171937, November 25, 2013
6. Victoria v. Pidlaoan, GR 196470, April 20, 2016
7. Heirs of Gozo v. Philippine Union Mission Corp. of the Sventh Day Adventist
Church, GR 195990, August 5, 2015

18th Week

Title IV – Prescription

I. Definition (Art.1106)
A. Acquisitive (Art.1117)
1. Characteristics
2. Ordinary
a) Good faith (Art.1127)
b) Just Title (Arts.1129-1130)
3. Extraordinary (Arts. 1137 and 1132, second par.)
4. Requisites (Arts. 1118-1125)
5. Period (Arts. 1132, 1134, 1138)
6. What Cannot Be Required by Acquisitive Prescription
B. Extinctive
1. Characteristics
2. Requisites

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 3. Periods

II. No Prescription Applicable

A. By Offender (Art.1133)
B. Registered Lands (P.D.1529)
C. Art. 1143, Civil Code
1. Legal Action to Demand a Right of Way (Art.649)
2. To Abate a Nuisance
D. Action to Quiet Title if Plaintiff Is in Possession
E. Void Contracts (Art.1410)
F. Action to Demand Partition (Art. 494)
1. Distinguished from Laches
G. Property of Public Dominion

III. Prescription or Limitation of Actions

A. To Recover Movables (Art. 1140)
B. To Recover Immovables (Art.1141)
C. Other Actions (Arts.1142-1149)

Cases:
1. Abalos v. Heirs of Torio, GR 175444, December 14, 2011
2. James v. Eurem Realty development Corp., GR 190650, October 14,
2013

IV. Interruption (Art. 1155)

- Finals -

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