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    Inductance

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    Ichinie Kochinie
    Inductance is the property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current flowing through it induces an electromotive force (EMF) in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors. It is measured in units called the henry (H), named after scientist Joseph Henry. Some key points about inductance are: - Inductance depends on properties of the inductor like number of turns, core material, shape and size of the core. - Energy is stored in the magnetic field surrounding the inductor due to the current flowing through it. - Inductors can be connected in series or parallel in electric circuits.

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    Inductance

    Uploaded by

    Ichinie Kochinie
    166 views20 pages
    Inductance is the property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current flowing through it induces an electromotive force (EMF) in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors. It is measured in units called the henry (H), named after scientist Joseph Henry. Some key points about inductance are: - Inductance depends on properties of the inductor like number of turns, core material, shape and size of the core. - Energy is stored in the magnetic field surrounding the inductor due to the current flowing through it. - Inductors can be connected in series or parallel in electric circuits.

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    Inductance is the property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current flowing through it induces an electromotive force (EMF) in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors. It is measured in units called the henry (H), named after scientist Joseph Henry. Some key points about inductance are: - Inductance depends on properties of the inductor like number of turns, core material, shape and size of the core. - Energy is stored in the magnetic field surrounding the inductor due to the current flowing through it. - Inductors can be connected in series or parallel in electric circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    166 views20 pages

    Inductance

    Uploaded by

    Ichinie Kochinie
    Inductance is the property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current flowing through it induces an electromotive force (EMF) in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors. It is measured in units called the henry (H), named after scientist Joseph Henry. Some key points about inductance are: - Inductance depends on properties of the inductor like number of turns, core material, shape and size of the core. - Energy is stored in the magnetic field surrounding the inductor due to the current flowing through it. - Inductors can be connected in series or parallel in electric circuits.

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    of 20

    INDUCTANCE

    GENERAL PHYSICS II
    12-STEM
    INDUCTANCE
    A CURRENT GENERATED IN A CONDUCTOR BY A CHANGING MAGNETIC
    FIELD IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE RATE OF CHANGE OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD.
    THIS EFFECT IS CALLED INDUCTANCE AND IS GIVEN THE SYMBOL L.
    ONE HENRY IS THE AMOUNT OF INDUCTANCE REQUIRED TO PRODUCE AN
    EMF OF 1 VOLT IN A CONDUCTOR WHEN THE CURRENT IN THE CONDUCTOR
    CHANGES AT THE RATE OF 1 AMPERE PER SECOND.
    IT IS MEASURED IN UNITS CALLED THE HENRY (H) NAMED AFTER THE
    AMERICAN PHYSICIST JOSEPH HENRY (1797-1878).
    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021
    INDUCTION and INDUCTOR
    THIS PROCESS OF GENERATING ELECTRICAL CURRENT IN A CONDUCTOR BY
    PLACING THE CONDUCTOR IN A CHANGING MAGNETIC FIELD IS
    CALLED ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION OR JUST INDUCTION. IT IS CALLED
    INDUCTION BECAUSE THE CURRENT IS SAID TO BE INDUCED IN THE CONDUCTOR BY
    THE MAGNETIC FIELD.
    INDUCTOR IS A COIL OF WIRE WOUND AROUND A CENTRAL CORE. THIS
    RESULTS IN A MUCH STRONGER MAGNETIC FIELD THAN ONE THAT WOULD BE
    PRODUCED BY A SIMPLE COIL OF WIRE. IT STORE ENERGY IN THE FORM OF A
    MAGNETIC
    FIELD.

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    FACTORS AFFECTING INDUCTANCE:

    • THE AMOUNT OF INDUCTANCE IN AN INDUCTOR IS DEPENDENT ON:


    1. THE NUMBER OF TURNS OF WIRE IN THE INDUCTOR.
    2. THE MATERIAL OF THE CORE.
    3. THE SHAPE AND SIZE OF THE CORE.

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    SELF INDUCTANCE
    SELF INDUCTION IS THAT PHENOMENON IN WHICH A CHANGE IN ELECTRIC
    CURRENT IN A COIL PRODUCES AN INDUCED EMF IN THE COIL ITSELF.

    • WHERE:
    • E IS THE INDUCED BACK E.M.F. IN VOLTS
    • L IS THE INDUCTANCE OF THE COIL IN HENRIES.
    • ΔI IS THE CHANGE IN CURRENT, IN AMPERES.
    • ΔT IS THE TIME TAKEN FOR THE CHANGE IN CURRENT, IN SECONDS.
    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021
    SELF INDUCTANCE OF A COIL
    AS THE INDUCTANCE OF A COIL IS DUE TO THE MAGNETIC FLUX AROUND IT, THE STRONGER
    THE MAGNETIC FLUX FOR A GIVEN VALUE OF CURRENT THE GREATER WILL BE THE INDUCTANCE
    WHERE:
    L IS IN HENRIES
    ΜΟ IS THE PERMEABILITY OF FREE SPACE (4.Π.10-7)
    N IS THE NUMBER OF TURNS
    A IS THE INNER CORE AREA (Π.R 2) IN M2
    L IS THE LENGTH OF THE COIL IN METRES

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    ENERGY STORED BY AN INDUCTOR
    THE ENERGY IS ACTUALLY BEING STORED WITHIN THE MAGNETIC FIELD THAT
    SURROUNDS THE INDUCTOR BY THE CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH IT.
    WHERE:
    W IS IN JOULES,
    L IS IN HENRIES
    I IS IN AMPERES

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    INDUCTOR IN SERIES CIRCUIT
    INDUCTORS ARE SAID TO BE CONNECTED IN “SERIES” WHEN THEY ARE DAISY
    CHAINED TOGETHER IN A STRAIGHT LINE, END TO END. IN RESISTORS IN SERIES, THE
    DIFFERENT VALUES OF THE RESISTANCES CONNECTED TOGETHER IS OBTAINED BY ADDING
    THE RESISTORS.

    HOWEVER, THE ABOVE EQUATION ONLY HOLDS TRUE WHEN THERE IS “NO” MUTUAL
    INDUCTANCE OR MAGNETIC COUPLING BETWEEN TWO OR MORE OF THE INDUCTORS

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    INDUCTOR IN SERIES CIRCUIT

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    INDUCTORS IN PARALLEL CIRCUIT
    HERE, LIKE THE CALCULATIONS FOR PARALLEL RESISTORS, THE RECIPROCAL ( 1/LN ) VALUE
    OF THE INDIVIDUAL INDUCTANCES ARE ALL ADDED TOGETHER INSTEAD OF THE INDUCTANCES
    THEMSELVES.

    THE ABOVE EQUATION ONLY HOLDS TRUE WHEN THERE IS “NO” MUTUAL
    INDUCTANCE OR MAGNETIC COUPLING BETWEEN TWO OR MORE OF THE INDUCTORS

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    INDUCTORS IN PARALLEL CIRCUIT

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    FARADAY'S LAW
    ANY CHANGE IN THE MAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT OF A COIL OF WIRE WILL CAUSE A VOLTAGE (EMF) TO BE
    "INDUCED" IN THE COIL. THE INDUCED EMF IN A COIL IS EQUAL TO THE NEGATIVE OF THE RATE OF CHANGE OF MAGNETIC
    FLUX TIMES THE NUMBER OF TURNS IN THE COIL. IT INVOLVES THE INTERACTION OF CHARGE WITH MAGNETIC FIELD.
    WHERE:
    N=NUMBER OF TURNS
    B=MAGNETIC FLUX
    A=AREA
    T=TIME
    THE MINUS SIGN DENOTES LENZ’S LAW.

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    IMPORTANT EQUATIONS
    ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    INDUCTOR TYPES BASED ON CORE

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    AIR CORE INDUCTOR
    • CERAMIC CORE INDUCTORS ARE REFERRED AS “AIR CORE INDUCTORS”.
    CERAMIC IS THE MOST COMMONLY USED MATERIAL FOR INDUCTOR CORES.
    CERAMIC HAS VERY LOW THERMAL CO-EFFICIENT OF EXPANSION, SO EVEN
    FOR A RANGE OF OPERATING TEMPERATURES THE STABILITY OF THE
    INDUCTOR’S INDUCTANCE IS HIGH. SINCE CERAMIC HAS NO MAGNETIC
    PROPERTIES, THERE IS NO INCREASE IN THE PERMEABILITY VALUE DUE TO
    THE CORE MATERIAL.
    • ITS MAIN AIM IS TO GIVE A FORM FOR THE COIL. IN SOME CASES IT WILL
    ALSO PROVIDE THE STRUCTURE TO HOLD THE TERMINALS IN PLACE. THE
    MAIN ADVANTAGE OF THESE INDUCTORS ARE VERY LOW CORE LOSSES, HIGH
    QUALITY FACTOR. THESE ARE MAINLY USED IN HIGH FREQUENCY
    APPLICATIONS WHERE LOW INDUCTANCE VALUES ARE REQUIRED.

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    IRON CORE INDUCTOR
    • IN THE AREAS WHERE LOW SPACE INDUCTORS ARE IN NEED THEN
    THESE IRON CORE INDUCTORS ARE BEST OPTION.THESE
    INDUCTORS HAVE HIGH POWER AND HIGH INDUCTANCE VALUE
    BUT LIMITED IN HIGH FREQUENCY CAPACITY. THESE ARE
    APPLICABLE IN AUDIO EQUIPMENTS. WHEN COMPARED WITH
    OTHER CORE INDICTORS THESE HAVE VERY LIMITED
    APPLICATIONS.
    •

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    FERRITE CORE INDUCTOR
    • FERRITE IS ALSO REFERRED AS FERROMAGNETIC MATERIAL. THEY EXHIBIT
    MAGNETIC PROPERTIES. THEY CONSIST OF MIXED METAL OXIDE OF IRON AND
    OTHER ELEMENTS TO FORM CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURES . THE GENERAL
    COMPOSITION OF FERRITES IS XFE2O4. WHERE X REPRESENTS TRANSITION
    MATERIALS. MOSTLY EASILY MAGNETIZED MATERIAL COMBINATIONS ARE USED
    SUCH AS MANGANESE AND ZINC (MNZN), NICKEL AND ZINC (NIZN).
    • FERRITES ARE MAINLY TWO TYPES THEY ARE SOFT FERRITES AND HARD FERRITES.
    THESE ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE MAGNETIC COERCIVITY. COERCIVITY
    IS THE MAGNETIC FIELD INTENSITY NEEDED TO DEMAGNETIZE THE
    FERROMAGNETIC MATERIAL FROM COMPLETE SATURATION STATE TO ZERO.
    •

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    IRON POWDER INDUCTOR
    • THESE ARE FORMED FROM VERY FINE PARTICLES WITH INSULATED PARTICLES OF HIGHLY
    PURE IRON POWDER. THIS TYPE OF INDUCTOR CONTAINS NEARLY 100% IRON ONLY. IT GIVES
    US A SOLID LOOKING CORE WHEN THIS IRON POWER IS COMPRESSED UNDER VERY HIGH
    PRESSURE AND MIXED WITH A BINDER SUCH AS EPOXY OR PHENOLIC. BY THIS ACTION IRON
    POWDER FORMS LIKE A MAGNETIC SOLID STRUCTURE WHICH CONSISTS OF DISTRIBUTED
    AIR GAP.
    • DUE TO THIS AIR GAP IT IS CAPABLE TO STORE HIGH MAGNETIC FLUX WHEN COMPARED WITH
    THE FERRITE CORE. THIS CHARACTERISTIC ALLOWS A HIGHER DC CURRENT LEVEL TO FLOW
    THROUGH THE INDUCTOR BEFORE INDUCTOR SATURATES. THIS LEADS TO REDUCE THE
    PERMEABILITY OF THE CORE.
    • MOSTLY THE INITIAL PERMEABILITY’S ARE BELOW 100 ONLY. THUS THESE INDUCTORS
    POSSES WITH HIGH TEMPERATURE CO-EFFICIENT STABILITY. THESE ARE MAINLY APPLICABLE
    IN SWITCHING POWER SUPPLIES.

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    LAMINATED CORE INDUCTOR
    • THESE CORE MATERIALS ARE FORMED BY ARRANGING MANY NUMBER OF
    LAMINATIONS ON TOP OF EACH OTHER. THESE LAMINATIONS MAY BE MADE UP OF
    DIFFERENT MATERIALS AND WITH DIFFERENT THICKNESSES. SO THIS
    CONSTRUCTION HAS MORE FLEXIBILITY.THESE LAMINATIONS ARE MADE UP OF
    STEEL WITH INSULATING MATERIAL BETWEEN THEM.
    • THESE ARE ARRANGED PARALLEL TO THE FIELD TO AVOID EDDY CURRENT LOSSES
    BETWEEN THE LAMINATIONS. THESE ARE USED IN LOW FREQUENCY DETECTORS.
    THEY HAVE HIGH POWER LEVELS SO , THEY ARE MOSTLY USED AT POWER
    FILTERING DEVICES FOR EXCITATION FREQUENCIES ABOVE SEVERAL KHZ.

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021


    TOROIDAL INDUCTOR
    • WIRE WOUNDED ON CORE WHICH HAS RING OR DONUT SHAPED SURFACE.
    THESE ARE GENERALLY MADE UP OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS LIKE FERRITE,
    POWDERED IRON AND TAPE WOUND ETC. THIS INDUCTOR HAS HIGH
    COUPLING RESULTS BETWEEN WINDING AND EARLY SATURATION.
    • ITS ARRANGEMENT GIVES MINIMUM LOSS IN MAGNETIC FLUX WHICH
    HELPS TO AVOID COUPLING MAGNETIC FLUX WITH OTHER DEVICES. IT HAS
    HIGH ENERGY TRANSFERRING EFFICIENCY AND HIGH INDUCTANCE VALUES
    AT LOW FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS. THESE INDUCTORS MAINLY USED IN
    MEDICAL DEVICES, SWITCHING REGULATORS, AIR CONDITIONERS,
    REFRIGERATORS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
    ETC.

    GENERAL PHYSICS 2- STEM 02/06/2021

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