European History - 2011
European History - 2011
European History - 2011
Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate box on the Answer Sheet. (1 x 20=20)
(d) A socio-economic process that gradually created technology and capital intensive systems of
production.
(e) None of these.
(ii) The categorization of Left, Center and Right, emerged from which major political change?
(a) The French Revolution of 1789 (b) The Reform Act of 1832
(c) The Revolution of 1848 (d) The Unification of Germany (e) None of these
(iii) The French Monarch, Louis XVI, failed to mobilize the army and crush the rebellion because:
(a) He got conflicting advice from his financial managers and was worried about the economic impact of
a crackdown.
(b) He wanted a political solution to the conflict.
(c) He was a pious Catholic who did not want to shed the blood of his co-religionists.
(d) He was indecisive and doubted the reliability of the army.
(iv) The Congress System that emerged from the Vienna settlement was:
(b) A diplomatic exercise designed to maintain the domestic and territorial stability of the Habsburg
dynastic state.
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EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER-I
(v) The British gradually adopted a policy of splendid isolation after the Napoleonic Wars because:
(a) Their government was under intense domestic pressure to abandon overseas adventurism after nearly
25 years of military conflict.
(a) The industrial revolution of 1825. (b) The suppression of the Indian rebels in 1857-8.
(c) The Reform Act of 1834. (d) The Reform Act of 1836. (e) None of these.
(c) Fredrick & Moltke (d) Wilhelm & Roon (e) None of these
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EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER-I
(xi) In Europe, the unification of Germany is regarded as more important than the unification of Italy because:
(d) Germany had already industrialized before unification while Italy was still backward.
(a) Responsible for the French Revolution and inspired the Jacobins.
(d) An unimportant pamphlet that was easily suppressed and soon forgotten.
(xiii) The three major European Imperial powers of the 1800s were:
(a) France, Russia and England. (b) Germany, Russia and England.
(c) France, England and the Netherlands. (d) England, France, and Germany. (e) None of these
(a) Isolate Russia, ally with Austria, reconcile with France, challenge England.
(b) Isolate France, ally with Austria, befriend Russia, keep England neutral.
(c) The cousin of Napoleon II. (d) The younger brother of Napoleon I.
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EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER-I
(xvii) The term “Entente Cordiale” means:
(c) A defense pact. (d) A comprehensive Treaty of Friendship. (e) None of these.
(xviii) Pan-Slavism is:
(a) The notion that all Russians should live under one state.
(b) The idea that all Slavic Peoples are essentially one national community.
(c) German imperial concepts. (d) Examples of German ambitiousness. (e) None of these.
(xx) On the eve of the First World War the leaderships of all the major powers believed that:
(a) The war was inevitable and was going to be a long and bloody affair.
(b) They would be quickly and completely victorious over their enemies.
(d) They were under a legal obligation to go to war even if it did not suit their national interests.
Q.2. Why did Britain experience an economic revolution without seriously political upheaval in the 1800s?
Discuss. (20)
Q.3. Do you think the French revolution was inevitable? Defend your opinion. (20)
Q.4. What were the roles of the major European powers in the Eastern Question? Did any one of them have
an effective answer to the Eastern Question? Discuss. (20)
Q.5. How did the rise of nationalism in Europe threaten the Russian and Austrian empires? Discuss. (20)
Q.6. How did the socio-economic transformation of Europe post-1815 contribute to expansionism abroad?
Are there any broader lessons to be learnt from the phenomenon of European imperialism? (20)
Q.7. Define progress. Do you think that the nineteenth century was an age of progress? Defend your opinion
with reference to the history of the period. (20)
Q.8. Compare the foreign policy of Bismarck from 1871 and 1890 to the foreign policy of the Kaiser
between 1890 and 1914. Critically evaluate the similarities and differences. (20)
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FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR Roll Number
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BS-17
UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2011
Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate box on the Answer Sheet. (1 x 20=20)
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EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER-II
(ix) Blitzkrieg was:
(a) The German Operational Strategy that emphasized firepower, movement, and inter-services battlefield integration.
(b) The German Operational Strategy that focused on static defense of German territory.
(c) The German Operational Strategy that relied solely on airpower to win wars.
(d) The German Operational Strategy that emphasized total resources.
(e) None of these.
(x) Lloyd George was:
(a) The British Prime Minister responsible for the appeasement of Germany.
(b) The British Prime Minister who advocated a pro-Turkish policy.
(c) The British Prime Minister who led his country to victory in the First World War.
(d) The British Prime Minister who was a lifelong enemy of Winston Churchill.
(e) None of these.
(xi) Ideologically, Mussolini was:
(a) A conservative Catholic who turned to Fascism.
(b) A radical socialist who became an ultra-nationalist.
(c) Always a fascist. (d) A socialist at heart. (e) None of these.
(xii) The Soviet Union’s casualties in World War II are estimated as:
(a) Between 1 and 5 million dead, 10 million wounded.
(b) Between 5 and 7 million dead, 20 million wounded.
(c) Between 20 and 25 million dead, indeterminate number wounded.
(d) Between 30 and 40 million dead, 50 million wounded.
(e) None of these.
(xiii) Hitler’s decision to invade the Soviet Union was delayed by which combination of factors?
(a) The need to help Mussolini in the Balkans and North Africa as well as immense logistical problems.
(b) Hitler’s desire to win a winter campaign in Russia and break the curse of Napoleon.
(c) The incompetence of the German General Staff and their lack of resources.
(d) The British aerial bombardment of Germany and the French resistance to Nazi rule.
(e) None of these.
(xiv) Konrad Adenauer was:
(a) The last Chancellor of United Germany. (b) Hitler’s greatest political rival.
(c) The first Chancellor of West Germany. (d) The second Chancellor of West Germany.
(e) None of these.
(xv) The four powers responsible for Berlin after WWII were:
(a) USA, USSR, UK, Netherlands. (b) USSR, UK, France, Netherlands.
(c) France, UK, USSR, USA. (d) USA, Italy, France, UK. (e) None of these.
(xvi) The Five-Year Plans were:
(a) An initiative taken by Nazi Germany to rapidly recover after WWI.
(b) The Soviet economic development plans designed to industrialize the country.
(c) The American plan to counter the Great Depression.
(d) The Anglo-French plan to develop the global economy.
(e) None of these.
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EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER-II
(xvii) The United Nations Security Council is:
(a) A council of Great Powers that operates on the basis of Great Power consensus.
(b) A council of Great Powers that operates on the majority principle.
(c) A council of Great Powers that operates on the consultative principle.
(d) A council of Great Powers that operates on the majority and consultative principles.
(e) None of these.
(xviii) The League of Nations and UN had their Headquarters in:
(a) Geneva. (b) London. (c) New York City. (d) Paris. (e) None of these.
(xix) Collective security is:
(a) The idea that all nations must support each other militarily.
(b) The concept that any act of aggression against one state is a threat to all states.
(c) The same thing as the Balance of Power but just under a new name.
(d) The philosophy of mutual interdependence.
(e) None of these.
(xx) In the view of the Soviet Union and the USA the core theater of the Cold War was:
(a) Africa because of its resources. (b) Latin America because of its location.
(c) East Asia because of its population. (d) Europe because of its industrial development.
(e) None of these.
PART-II
NOTE:(i) PART-II is to be attempted on separate Answer Book.
(ii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II. All questions carry EQUAL marks.
(iii) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the attempted question will not be
considered.
Q.2. Why did the Versailles settlement prove to be “a ceasefire for twenty years”? Analyze. (20)
Q.3. How would history have unfolded differently if Nazi Germany and its allies had emerged
victorious in the Second World War? Discuss. (20)
Q.4. Was the rapid industrialization of the USSR worth the human cost of Stalinism? Develop and
defend your opinion. (20)
Q.5. How did US and Soviet misperceptions of each other lead to the Cold War? Discuss. (20)
Q.6. Does the history of the period 1914-1960 offer any basis for optimism with regard to the
prospects of world peace? Discuss. (20)
Q.7. What are the major differences between Mussolini’s Fascism and Hitler’s Nazism? Discuss. (20)
Q.8. How did the rise of the United States of America affect the outcome of major conflicts between
1914 and 1945? Discuss. (20)
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