Earth and Life Science

Quarter 2 – Module 4:
How Representative Animals
Reproduce
Earth and Life Science – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 4: How Representative Animals Reproduce
First Edition, 2020

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 What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written to help you understand how

different animals reproduce.

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. describe the different ways of how representative animals reproduce.

(S11/12LT-IIej-15)

1.1 Described asexual reproduction from sexual reproduction.

1.2 Differentiate viviparous animals from oviparous animals.
1.3 Appreciate the value and importance how animal reproduce.

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 What I Know

Match the parent of the animal to its offspring.

PARENT OFFSPRING

____1.Cat a. kitten

____2.Cattle b. calf

____3.Cheetah c. cub

____4.Chicken d. chick

____5. Kangaroo e. eaglet

____6. Eagle f. foal

____7. Fish g. duckling

____8. Frog h. joey

____9. Horse i. fingerling

____10. Duck j. tadpole

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Lesson
The Different Ways How
1 Representative Animals Reproduce

Like plants, animals need to reproduce in order to increase the chance for
the perpetuation of the species. There are varieties of organism in the animal
kingdom that means they possess different modes of reproduction depending on
the complexity of their morphology and physiology. In this module, we will study
the different ways how animals reproduce.

What’s In

Reproduction is the process of producing individuals of the same kind and to

provide the continued existence of a species. It is an essential feature of living
organisms because, without reproduction, Life will end.

Like plants, animals need to reproduce in order to increase the chance of

perpetuation of their species and help in increasing the population, through this
process similarity is preserved to the transfer of genes to the offspring that explains
the individual characteristics possessed by an organism from their parents.

All the processes which are necessary to maintain life in an organism are called life
processes.

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 What’s New

Look at the pictures. How many offspring each organism

produced?

1. _______________ 2. ________________ 3. _______________

What is It

How do different animals ensure continuity of species?

There are two types of reproduction that exist in living organisms, asexual
and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction is common among lower form of
animals while sexual reproduction can be found in more complex animals.

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Asexual Reproduction

This type of reproduction involves only one parent that produces two or more
genetically similar organisms. Reproduction is mainly through mitosis, which
creates a clone of the parent. Therefore, the offspring produced is the exact copy of
the parent animal. Most common forms are fission, fragmentation, and budding.

Cell division Fission is a type of asexual

New daughter cell
reproduction wherein two
Parent cell individuals will form as the parent
divides in half that will form two
identical cells. After a period of
growth, an organism splits into two
separate organisms, some sea
anemones and some coral polyps
also reproduce through fission.

Fragmentation, the breaking of body parts into fragments,

is always followed by regeneration and re-growth of lost
parts. Even if the animal is broken into many pieces, each
piece will grow into a new individual. Planarians, as shown
in the illustration, as well as sponges, cnidarians, bristle
worms, and sea squirts reproduce by fragmentation.

Budding is when an outgrowth called a

bud grows and develops from the parent
animal and would eventually separate to
become a new individual. This type of
reproduction is common in certain
Independent
Parent Hydra Bud grows species of coral and hydra.
Hydra

Sexual Reproduction

This type of reproduction needs two parents to produce an offspring. The

combination of the genes from both parents, the process of joining the haploid
gametes (sex cells) to form a diploid cell called a zygote, the zygote eventually

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becomes an embryo and later on develop into an organism. Fertilization, the union
of egg and sperm cells, could happen internally or externally.

External Fertilization the union of egg

Fig. 4 Male fish waits to spread
and sperm occurs outside the female reproductive sperm over the eggs
tract. This is common among most species of bony
fish and amphibians.
Female fish lays
As shown in the illustration (Fig.4), the eggs
male fish awaits to spread sperm over the eggs as
female fish lay eggs, Examples of external
fertilization are fish species and amphibians.

Internal Fertilization the union of egg and

sperm occurs within the female reproductive tract.
(Fig.5) Examples are mammals, birds, insects and
reptiles. Animals that undergo in this type of
reproduction produce offspring in any of the following
ways: oviparity, ovoviviparity, and viviparious.

Oviparous meaning “egg birth” gives birth to

eggs that must develop before hatching, the eggs are
fertilized internally, and it would complete its development outside the mother’s
body.

The egg would receive its nourishment through its yolk (Fig.6) Animals who
give birth to live offspring are called Viviparous, meaning "live birth” it developed
internally and receive nourishment directly from the mother’s blood through
placenta. The amphibians, reptiles and almost all mammals including humans are
viviparous (Fig.7).

Ovoviviparous are fertilized internally and receive its nourishment through

its yolk. However, eggs will complete its development within the mother. They are
then fully developed when they are hatched and released by the mother.

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 Fig. 6 Fig. 7

What’s More

Using the diagram below, as we study the different ways how animals

reproduce fill in the box the different ways how animals reproduce.

1.
1.
2.

ANIMAL 3.
REPRODUCTION

1.
1.
2.
2. 2.

3.

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 What I Have Learned

Classify the following animals as Asexual or Sexual reproduction, viviparous

or oviparous. Write the answer on the space given.

ANIMALS Asexual/Sexual Oviparous/Viviparous/

Ovoviviparous
1. Dogs ________________ ________________

2. Eagle ________________ ________________

3. Frog ________________ ________________

4. Snake ________________ ________________

5. Horse ________________ ________________

6. Human ________________ ________________

7. Spider ________________ ________________

8. Chicken ________________ ________________

9. Fish ________________ ________________

10. Starfish ________________ ________________

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 What I Can Do

In a general sense, reproduction is one of the most important concepts

in life, it means making a copy, a likeness, and thereby providing for the continued
existence of species. Write an essay not exceeding 200 words, what is the
importance of animal reproduction in our society? What will be the impact in our
lives if there is no reproduction of animals?

Content 50 %
(The presence of ideas developed
through examples, details, opinion,
reasons and explanation)

Ideas well connected 30 %

(Effectively organizes ideas)

Organization 10 %
(Developed and sustained using
transition including introduction and
conclusion)

Grammar 10 %
(punctuation, spelling, usage, and
sentence formation)

Total 100%

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 Assessment

1. What do you call the union of sperm cell and egg cell?

A. reproduction

B. fission
C. fertilization

D. budding
2. What type of reproduction does not need two parents to produce an individual?

A. sexual reproduction
B. asexual reproduction

C. external fertilization

D. internal fertilization
3. It is a type of asexual reproduction wherein two individuals will form as the
parent divides in half.
A. fragmentation

B. budding
C. regeneration

D. fission
4. Which of the following animals fertilize the eggs outside the female reproductive
tract?
A. frogs
B. humans

C. turtles
D. hydra

5. Which of the following characteristics does not describe ovoviviparity?

A. eggs complete their development within the mother

B. eggs receive their nourishment through its yolk

C. the eggs are fertilized internally

D. eggs receive their nourishment through placenta

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6. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A. planaria – fragmentation
B. corals – fission

C. hydra – budding
D. frogs – external fertilization

7. All of the following animals reproduce asexually except

A. frogs

B. corals
C. starfish

D. flatworms
8. This type of internal fertilization meaning “egg birth” gives birth to eggs that
must develop before hatching
A. Ovoviviparous
B. Asexual

C. Viviparous
D. Oviparous

9. While walking at your favorite beach, you have noticed an organism. From time
to time, one of its appendages detached and gradually grow into a whole new
organism, similar with the first. This is an example of
A. fission
B. budding

C. fragmentation
D. internal fertilization
10. The union of egg and sperm occurs outside the female reproductive tract
A. External reproduction
B. Internal reproduction

C. Asexual reproduction
D. Sexual reproduction

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 Additional Activities

Research on the following:

1. How you can help and contribute to preserve animal reproduction in your own
way.

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Assessment What I Have Learned
1. C 1. Sexual/Viviparous
2. B
3. D 2. Sexual/Oviparous
4. A
3. Sexual/Oviparous
5. A
6. B 4. Sexual/Oviparous
7. A
8. D 5. Sexual/Viviparous
9. C
10. A 6. Sexual/Viviparous
7. Sexual/Oviparous
8. Sexual/Oviparous
9. Sexual/Oviparous
What I can do
10. Asexual
Refer to the rubrics
What I know
What’s More 1. A
2. B
1. Reproduction
3. C
2. Asexual
3. Sexual 4. D
4. Fission What’s In 5. H
5. Fragmentation 1. Dog – answers 6. E
6. Budding may vary 7. I
7. External 8. J
2. Human – 1
8. Internal
3. Cat – answers 9. F
9. Oviparous
10. Viviparous may vary 10. G
11. Ovoviviparous
Answer Key