Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education – Region III Central Luzon

DIVISION OF CITY OF SAN FERNANDO

Self-Instructional Packets (SIPacks)

Understanding Culture, Society and
Politics Quarter 2 (2nd Semester) – WEEK 4
A. Content Standards:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
1. Social and political inequalities as features of societies and the global community

B. Performance Standards:
The learners:
1. Analyze aspects of social organization
2. Identify one’s role in social groups and institutions

C. Most Essential Learning Competencies:

MELC No.10: Explain government programs and initiatives in addressing social inequalities
e.g. local, national, global

Lesson/Topics: Political Inequalities

References:
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics by Antonio P. Contreras, PHD, Arleigh Ross D. Dela Cruz,
PhD, Dennis S/ Erasga, PhD, Cecile C. Fadrigon, PhD, Published by Phonex Publishing House
Inc.,2016, pp. 241-250
Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM) Published by the Department of Education

D. Objectives
1. Define Political Inequality
2. Understand the laws of the Indigenous People; and
3. Learn about different programs initiated by the government for Indigenous People.

Procedure:
A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson
Activity 1: Analyze and answer the following questions on your activity notebook

1. Base on the pictures below, what is your insight about your rights that you enjoyed? Do you have an
experience like those kids on the pictures? Describe each picture and tell if they are enjoying their
rights or not.
A B

Page 1 of
B. Establishing the purpose of the lesson

Guide Question:
How the social inequality shows and what is are the effects of this to the countries and people of the
world?

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

Activity 2: Picture Analysis. Complete the letters of the word based on the picture it depicts.

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1

SOCIAL INEQUALITY

SSocial inequality is the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social status or
positions within a group or society social. Social inequality refers to differential access to and use of
resources across various domains (e.g., health, education, occupations) that result in disparities across
gender, race/ethnicity, class, and other important social markers.

A similar situation is faced by the Indigenous Peoples who are distinct social and cultural
groups that share collective ancestral ties to the lands and natural resources where they live,
occupy or from which they have been displaced. The word 'indigenous' refers to the notion of a
place-based human ethnic culture that has not migrated from its homeland, and is not a settler
or colonial population. To be indigenous is therefore by definition different from being of a world
culture, such as the Western or Euro-American culture.
Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings. No matter what our nationality is, what
color our skin is, what status we have in the society, etc., we are all equal. These rights are all
interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.
Ethnic minorities are also discriminated. They are often discriminated by the people who do not
understand their cultures and traditions.
Different Indigenous people in the Philippines

The T’boli people are one of

the indigenous peoples of South
Cotabato in southern Mindanao.
After World War II and the arrival of settlers
from other parts of the Philippines, they
have been gradually pushed to the
mountain slopes. As of now, they have
almost been expelled from the fertile valley
floor.

Mangyan is the generic name for the

eight indigenous groups found on
the island of Mindoro, southwest of
the island of Luzon, the Philippines, each
with its own tribal name, language, and
customs. The total population may be
around 280,000, but official statistics are
difficult to determine under the conditions
of remote areas, reclusive tribal groups
and some having little if any outside world
contact.
 The Aeta, Agta, or Dumagat, are
collective terms for
several Filipino indigenous peoples who
live in various parts of the island
of Luzon in the Philippines. They are
considered to be part of the Negrito ethnic
groups and share common physical
characteristics of dark skin tones, short
statures, curly to Afro-textured hair, and a
higher frequency of naturally lighter hair
colour (blondism) relative to the general
population. They are thought to be among
the earliest inhabitants of the Philippines,
preceding the Austronesian migrations.

They are a group of wet-rice agriculturalists

occupying the mountains in the area of
northern Luzon, Philippines. Igorot are any
of various ethnic groups in the mountains of
this region, all of whom keep their traditional
religion and way of life. Some live in the
tropical forests of the foothills, but most live
in rugged grassland and pine forest zones
higher up. They numbered about 1.5 million
in the early 21st century and the main
identified groups are Bontoc, Ibaloi, Ifugao,
Isneg, Kalinga and Kankanaey.

The Lumad are a group
of Austronesian indigenous people in the
southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term
meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term
is short for Katawhang Lumad (Literally:
"indigenous people"), the autonym officially
adopted by the delegates of the Lumad
Mindanao Peoples Federation (LMPF)
founding assembly on 26 June 1986 at the
Guadalupe Formation Center,
Balindog, Kidapawan, Cotabato,
Philippines. Usage of the term was
accepted in Philippine jurisprudence
when President Corazon Aquino signed into
law Republic Act 6734, where the word was
used in Art. XIII sec. 8(2) to distinguish
Lumad ethnic communities from
the Bangsamoro.
 The Bagobo are considered the most
colorful people of the Philippines, heavily
embroidering their abaca clothing with
beads and stitch work. They also produce
fine metal craft, working in brass, bronze,
and iron, and are known for their betel
boxes.The mountainous region between the
upper Pulangi and Davao rivers is the
homeland of the Upland Bagobo, the
coastal Bagobo once lived in the hills south
and east of Mount Apo, where according a
legend, their supreme god and common
ancestor Apo Sandawa ruled as God.
The Bagobo believe in a supreme being
who inhabits the sky world, as well as a
deity who brings sickness and death to
incestuous couples. The Bagobo are also
known for their long epic poems, tuwaang.

The Manobo are probably the most

The Badjao / of
numerous the ethnic
Bajau groups
tribe is an of the
indigenous
Philippines in terms of the relationships
population whose culture and livelihood and
names of the various groups that belong
are tied to the sea. Also, widely known as to
this family of languages. Mention
the “Sea Gypsies” of the Sulu and Celebeshas been
madethe
Seas, of the
Badjaonumerous subgroups
are scattered that
along the
comprise the Manobo group. The
coastal areas of Tawi Tawi, Sulu, Basilan,total
national
and some population including
coastal areas the subgroups
of Zamboanga City.
is 749,042 (NM 1994); occupying core
areas from Sarangani Island into the
Mindanao mainland in the provinces of
Agusan del Sur, Davao provinces,
Bukidnon, and North and South Cotabato.
The groups occupy such a wide area of
distribution that localized groups have
assumed the character of distinctiveness as
a separate ethnic grouping such as the
Bagobo or the Higaonon, and the Atta.

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

There are policies crafted by the legislators to address this social inequality. Some of which are:
Indigenous People’s Rights Act that protects the rights of cultural communities.

Republic Act No. 8371 – The Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act of 1997
known as the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA), was enacted in 1997. It has been praised for
its support for the cultural integrity of Indigenous Peoples, the right to their lands and the right to self-
directed development of these lands.

AN ACT TO RECOGNIZE, PROTECT AND PROMOTE THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS CULTURAL

COMMUNITIES/INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, CREATING A NATIONAL COMMISSION ON INDIGENOUS
PEOPLES, ESTABLISHING IMPLEMENTING MECHANISMS, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

The Act makes provision for the promotion and recognition of the rights of Indigenous Cultural
Communities/Indigenous Peoples (ICCs/IPs), with a view to preserve their culture, traditions and
institutions and to ensure the equal protection and non-discrimination of members.
The Act is divided into the following Chapters: General Provisions
 (I) Definition of Terms
(II) Rights to Ancestral Domains - ancestral domain" comprises "lands, inland waters, coastal
areas and natural resources therein, held under a claim of ownership, occupied or possessed
by ICCs/IPs, by themselves or through their ancestors, communally or individually since time
immemorial..."; the term "ancestral land" means any "land occupied, possessed and utilized by
individuals, families and clans who are members of the ICCs/IPs....".

(III) Right to Self-governance and Empowerment - The State recognizes the inherent right of
ICCs/IPs to self-governance and self-determination and respects the integrity of their values,
practices and institutions. Consequently, the State shall guarantee the right of ICCs/IPs to freely
pursue their economic, social and cultural development.

(IV) Social Justice and Human Rights - The rights of ownership and possession of ICCs/IPs to
their ancestral domains shall include: (a) the right of ownership; (b) the right to develop, control
and use lands and natural resources; (c) the right to stay in the territories and not to be removed
therefrom; (d) the right of resettlement in suitable sites

(V) Cultural Integrity - Recognizing the diverse community presently living within Ancestral
Domains, “Cultural Integrity” is premised on the common ownership of the local people
over natural resources. The main characteristics incorporate the inclusiveness of
stakeholders, community protocols, and authority of control.

(VI) National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP)

(VII) Delineation and Recognition of Ancestral Domains
(VIII) Jurisdiction and Procedures for Enforcement of Rights
(IX) Ancestral Domains Fund
(IX) Penalties
(X) Merger of the Office for Northern Cultural Communities (ONCC) and the Office for Southern
Cultural Communities (OSCC)
(XI) Final Provisions

F. Developing Mastery

Activity 3: Identify the following.

They are They are also They are a They are It is It is the
known as the known for their group of wet- Filipino indigen a Cebuano te generic name
“Sea long epic poems rice ous rm meaning for the
Gypsies” of agriculturalists peoples who "native" or eight indigen
the Sulu and occupying the live in various "indigenous". ous
Celebes mountains in parts of the groups found
Seas. the area of island on the island
northern Luzon of Luzon in of Mindoro,
, Philippines the Philippines southwest of
the island of
Luzon, the
Philippines

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily

living Performance Task
Situation: You are the elected SSG President in your school, you are tasked to provide
programs and activities that can help your school. As a president and a member of Indigenous group,
how can you promote gender equality and lessen the bullying in your school. Write down your plans
and advocacies that will make a change in our society.

Your answer will be checked using the criteria below:

Content/ Relevance to the topic - 20%
Organization of ideas - 20%
 Quality of writing - 10%

Total: 50 points

H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

Activity 4: Wrap Up. After learning the concepts from this lesson, answer and
write down your thoughts:

A. The things that I have learned:

B. Topic that struck me most:

C. My learnings from this lesson inspire me to:

I. Evaluating learning – Weekly Assessment (Written Work)

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer before the number.

_____1. It is the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social status or
positions within a group or society.
a. socialization b. environment c. social inequality d. politics

_____2. It is an act on expanding the benefits and privileges on indigenous people (IPs).
a. RA 10458 b. RA 16114 c. RA 8371 d. RA 61425

_____3. They are considered the most numerous of the ethnic groups of the Philippines in
terms of the relationships and names of the various groups that belong to this family of
languages.
a. Aeta b. Badjao c. Lumad d. Manobo

_____4. It refers to the notion of a place-based human ethnic culture that has not migrated
from its homeland, and is not a settler or colonial population.
b. Indigenous People c. PWDs
c. Pregnant Women d. Senior Citizen

_____5. It comprises "lands, inland waters, coastal areas and natural resources therein, held under a
claim of ownership, occupied or possessed by ICCs/IPs l.
d.human rights b. ancestral domain c. juristiction d. justice

J. Additional activities for application or remediation

Identify a law that promotes equality. Discuss how the law promotes equality.

Prepared by: Noted by:

ANTONIA J. CANLAS DOROTHY R. ESPAÑOL

Master Teacher I Principal II