Periodic Reporting Exercise on the

Application of the
World Heritage Convention
Section-II

State Party:
Archaeological Survey of India
Name of the Property:
Brihadisvara temple, Thanjavur

Archaeological Survey of India

Chennai Circle, Chennai
 Section-II
State of conservation of specific world
heritage properties
State Party:

Archaeological Survey of India

Name of the Property:
Brihadisvara temple,
Thanjavur
 Executive Summary
I.1 Introduction
a. State Party
b. Name of World Heritage Property
c. Geographical co-ordinates to the nearest second
d. Date of inscription on the World Heritage List
e. Organization(s) or entity(ies) responsible for preparation of the
report
f. Date of the report
g. Signature on behalf of State Party

II.2 Statement of significance

II.3 Statement of authenticity/integrity
II.4 Management
II.5 Factors affecting the property
II.6 Monitoring
II.7 Conclusions and recommended action

a. Main conclusions regarding the state of the World Hertage

values of the property(see items II.2 and II.3 above)
b. Main conclusions egarding the management and factors
affecting the property (see Items II.4 and II.5 above)
c. Proposed future action/actions
d. Responsible implementing agency/agencies
e. Timeframe for implementation
f. Needs for International Assistance
II.8 Assessment of the Periodic Reporting exercise for Section II
II.9 Documentation Attached
 II.1 Introduction
a Country(and State Party if different): India 001
.
b Name of World Heritage Property:Brihadisvara temple, Thanjavur 002
.
c In order to locate the property precisely, please attach a topographic 003
. map showing scale, orientation, projection, datum, site name date
and graticule. The map should be an original print and not be
trimmed. The site boundaries should be shown on th e map. In
addition they can be submitted in a detailed description, indicating
topographic and other legally defined national, regional or
international boundaries followed by the site boundaries.
The State Parties are encouraged to submit the geographic
information in digital form so that it can be integrated into a
Geographic Information System(GIS).
On this questionnaire indicate the geographical co-ordinates to the
nearest second (in the case of large sites, towns, areas etc. give at
least 3 sets of geographical co-ordinates)
Centre Point : Lat. 10º 47´ N Long. 79 º 08 ´ E
North-West Corner: Topography Sheet No.58 N/NW published by
Survey of India
d Give the date of inscription on the World Heritage List and 004
subsequent extension (if applicable): 11.12. 1987
e Organisation(s) or entity(ies) responsible for the preparation of this 005
report:
Organisation: Archaeological Survey of India
Person responsible: K.T.Narasimhan,
Superintending Archaeologist
Address: Archaeological Survey of India, Fort St.George
City & Post Code: Chennai – 600009.
Telephone: 91 44 25360397, 5360396
Fax: 044-25369332
E-Mail:
f Date of Preparation of the report: 9.12.2002 006

g Signature on behalf of the State Party 007

Signature:
Name : Mrs. Kasturi Gupta Menon
Function: Director General, Archaeological Survey of India, New
Delhi
II.2 Statement of Significance
At the time of inscribing a property on the World Heritage List, 008
the World Heritage Committee indicates its outstanding
universal value(s), or World Heritage valu(s), by Heritage List.
Circle the criteria retained for the inscription:

Cultural criteria: i ii iii iv v vi

Natural criteria: i-ii-iii-iv
Were new criteria added by re-nominating and/or extending the 009
property after the original inscription?
No 010
If YES, please explain:
Does not arise.
Please quote observations concerning the property made by the 011
Advisory Body(ies) during the evaluation of the nomination:
Data not available .
Quote the decisions and observations/ recommendations, if 012
appropriate, made by the World Heritage Committee at the
time of inscription and extension (if applicable):
Not applicable
013
Identify the actions taken as follow-up these observations
and/or decisions:
Does not arise
Please propose a statement of significance by providing a 014
description of the World Heritage value(s) for which the
property was inscribed on the World Heritage List and it
should also detail what the property represents, what makes it
outstanding, what the specific values are that distinguish the
property as well as what its relationship with its setting is etc.:
The Brihadisvara temple, Thanjavur, the earliest temple
following the norms of the Agamas, represents the high water
mark of Chola architecture in South India. The temple
symbolizes the unique architectural, sculptural engineering,
socio-economic and cultural levels achieved by the Chola King
in a single monument.
II.2 continued

For the extension of a property or the inclusion of additional criteria 015

a re-submission of the property may be considered. This might be
regarded as necessary in order to recognize cultural values of a
natural World Heritage property, or vice-versa, become desirable
following the substantive revision of the criteria by the World
Heritage Committee or due to better identification or knowledge of
specific outstanding universal values of the property. Should a re-
nomination of the property be considered?
Yes
If YES, please explain: 016
The inclusion of the fortification wall and the moat will enhance the
overall appearance of the World Heritage monument. Besides, it is
proposed to submit the extension to this World Heritage Property
by adding Brihadisvara temple, Gangaikondacholapuram and
Airavatesvara temple, Darasuram
Are the borders of the World Heritage property and its buffer zone 017
(still) adequate to ensure the protection and conservation of the
property’s World Heritage values:
Yes.
If NO, please explain 018
Does not arise.
Is the State Party actively considering a revision of the property 019
boundaries or the buffer zone?
Yes.
If YES, indicate what is being done to that end: 020
Once the State Government alienates the property (fortification wall
and moat) in favour of Archaeological Survey of India the same
will be renotified.
II.3 Statement of authenticity/integrity
Have the World Heritage values identified above been 021
maintained since the property’s inscription?
Yes
If NO, please describe the changes and name the causes:
Does not arise. 022
What was the evaluation of the authenticity/integrity of the 023
property at the time of inscription? (Please quote from the
ICOMOS/IUCN evaluation):
C ii and iii
Have there been changes in the authenticity/integrity since 024
inscription?
No
If YES, please describe the changes to the authenticity/integrity 025
and name the main causes.
Does not arise.
Are there(further) changes foreseeable to the 026
authenticity/integrity of the property in the near future?
Yes
If YES, please explain and indicate how these changes might 027
affect the World Heritage values of the property
Fortification wall and moat will be added in near future.
Besides the Brihadisvara temple at Gangaikonda Cholapuram,
District Perambalur and Airavatesvara temple, Darasuram,
District Thanjavur will be added as extension to this inscribed
property.

II.4 Management
How could the arrangements for the protection and the 028
management of the property best to be defined (more than
one indication possible)?
Legal( )
Contractual( )
Traditional( )
II.4 continued

Please describe and assess the implementation and 029

effectiveness of these arrangements for the preservation of the
values described under item II.2 at the national provincial
and/or Municipal level:
The arrangement for the protection and preservation of the
property is done by implementing the provisions provided
under Ancient Monuments and Achraeological Sites &
Remains Act of 1958 Rules, 1959 and Notification of the year
1992 wherever necessary for effective preservation and
maintenance of the World Heritage property.
In general terms, can this legislative contractual and/or 030
traditional protection be considered/sufficient?
Yes.
031
Please explain:
The monument has been declared as protected under the
Ancient Monuments & Archaeological Sites and Remains Act
and Rules, 1958 & 1959. There exists an agreement between
Archaeological Survey of India and the Hereditary Trustee of
the temple (Thanjavur Palace Devasthanam). Once notified,
all conservation programmes are undertaken by the
Archaeological Survey of India, through their national,
regional and local representatives. The management of the
property is likewise done.
Provide a list and summaries of laws and regulations 032
concerning cultural and natural properties protection and
management (including extracts of relevant articles from the
constitution, criminal law, law/regulations on land use,
environment law and forestry law, amongst others). Please
also attach any documentation available concerning these
points:
A.M.A.S.R. Act, 1958 and Rules, 1959 amendment to Rule,
1992 (Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Environment
(Protection) Rules, 1986.
II.4 continued
Describe the administrative and management arrangements that are 033
in place for the property concerned, making special mention of the
Institutions and organisations that have management authority over
the property as well as of the arrangements that are in place for the
coordination of their actions:
The property is managed by Archaeological Survey of India,
Hereditary Trustee (owner of the temple) and Hindu Religious &
Charitable Endowment Department (Govt. of Tamil Nadu). By the
Archaeological Survey of India it is managed at three levels i.e.
national, regional and local. While maintenance/structural/chemical
conservation is undertaken by Archaeological Survey of India , all
religious aspects are managed by the Hereditary Trustee with
administrative control of Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowment
Department (Govt. of Tamil Nadu) as it is a temple under worship.

Please indicate under which level of authority the property is 034

managed:
Local ( ) The property is managed at
local level by Sr. Conservation Assistant, Thanjavur
Regional ( ) The regional level is
managed by Suptg. Archaeologist, A.S.I. Chennai
Circle, Chennai
National ( ) Director General, A.S.I. New Delhi
Other(please describe)
Please provide the full name, address and phone/fax/email of the 035
entity(ies) directly responsible for the conservation preservation
visitor management) of the property
Regional National
Shri K T Narasimhan Mrs. Kasturi Gupta Menon, I.A.S.
Superintending Archaeologist Director General
Archaeological Survey of India Archaeological Survey of India
Chennai Circle Janpath, New Delhi
Fort St. George Tel:91 11 23013574
Tel:5670396/97 Fax:23019487
Fax:5679332 Email:dgasi@vsnl.net
Email:asichen@vsnl.net
II.4 continued
Is it necessary to revise the administrative management 036
arrangements for the property?
No
If YES, explain why this is the case: 037
Does not arise.
Is there a management plan for the property? 038
Yes.
If YES, please summarise indicating if the plan is being 039
implemented and since when:
The property is managed by Archaeological Survey of India,
Hereditary Trustee (owner of the temple) and Hindiu
Religious & Charitable Endowment Department (Govt. of
Tamil Nadu). The Archaeological Survey of India has entered
into an agreement with the Heriditary Trustee with
administrative control of Hindu Religious & Charitable
Endowment Department (Govt. of Tamil Nadu).
Please report on legal and administrative actions that are 040
foreseen for the future, to preserve the values described under
item II.2 (e.g.passing of legislation, adjusting administrative
management arrangements, implementing or drawing (new)
management plan, etc.)
Since the monument is managed by three agencies, the existing
arrangement will continue.
Please provide detailed information, particularly in cases 041
where changes have occurred since the inscription of the
property on the following matters:
Conservation
Make reference to all major interventions at the
property and describe its present state of conservation:
1.All the ancient outlets were revived to prevent water
stagnation.
2.The entire inscribed property is conserved and chemically
cleaned periodically.
3.The entire pradakshina patha was made with brick flooring.
4.Accumulated earth between Rajaraja and Keralantaka
Gopura was scooped out and garden was laid.
5.The present state of conservations is good.
II.4 continued
Ownership 042
Make reference to all major changes in ownership of the
property and describe the present state of ownership:
The ownership of the monument is with the Hereditary Trustee
(Thanjavur Palace Devasthanam). An agreement exists between
Archaeological Survey of India and the Hereditary Trustee.
Please, give a detailed description of the staffing of the site: 043
Sr. Conservation Assistant–1 (Conservation and management)
Foreman – 1 (To assist Conservation Assistant in all respects.)
Monument Attendant – 15 (Cleaning and watch & ward)
Is the staffing level sufficient for adequate management of the 044
property?
No 045
If NO, what should be done to improve the situation?
One Conservation Assistant and 20 more Attendants for watch
& ward are required exclusively to manage the property.
Does the staff need additional training? 046
Yes.
If YES, what are the training needs for your staff? 047
Training for conservation staff is needed for all the officials
(Conservation Assistant/Forman) in the latest scientific
techniques of conservation/equipments.
Describe the funding and financial situation of the property, 048
indication sources, level and regularity of financing:
General Budgetary allocation is done for all monuments under
the jurisdiction of this Circle annually, of which a portion is 049
earmarked this property. Allocation of Rs.10 lakhs is required
for conservation and preservation of the monuments and Rs.20
lakhs for conservation subject to identification of the works.
Is the available funding sufficient for adequate management of 050
the property?
If NOT, describe the financial resources that would be required
for the management of World Heritage property:
Annually atleast Rs.10 lakhs for Conservation work and Rs. 15
lakhs for day to day maintenance.
II.4 continued
Indicate International Assistance from which the property has 051
benefited:
World Heritage Fund: Nil
UNESCO International Campaign: Nil 052
National and /or regional projects of UNDP, the World or other 052
agencies: Nil
Bilateral cooperation: Nil 054
Other assistance: Nil 055
Describe the IT(Computer) equipment of the site and/or 056
management office and assess its effectiveness:
No IT(computer) equipment is available at the site.
Are you using (multiple indications are possible): 057
PC ( ) No
Apple ( ) No
Mainframe ( ) No
Please, give the number of available computers: Nil 058
Does an operational access to the Internet exist? No 059
Is e-mail used for daily correspondence? No 060

Is there a Geographical Information System (GIS) for the site? No 061

If YES, what software do you have and how is the GIS used? 062
Does not arise.
List scientific studies and research programmes that have been 063
conducted concerning the site:
Nil.
Describe financial and human resource inputs for the research 064
programmes and or facilities: Nil 065
Describe how the information/ results are disseminated?
Nil
Are there any visitor statistics for the site? 066
No, as the temple is under worship.
If YES, please summarise the statistics and attach to this report: 067
Does not arise.
II.4 continued
What visitor facilities do you have at the property? 068
All the basic facilities/amenities like drinking water, public
toilets, wheel chair for physically handicapped, Shoe repository,
vehicle parking, refreshment, Protection Notice Board, Cultural
Notice Board, Location Map, Trilingual Notice Board,
Publication Sales counter etc.,
What visitor facilities are you in need of ? 069
Provision of visitor’s benches in the garden area, additional
drinking water facility, additional toilet facilities, additional
signages, audio- visual, landscaping of the monumental area,
coffee shops, Interaction centre, illumination of the monument.

Is a public use plan (tourism/visitor management plan) in 070

existence for the property?
Yes
If YES, please summarize, if NO explain if one is needed: 071
A committee exists under the chairmanship of the District
Collector and Superintending Archaeologist is the Member
Secretary.
Indicate how the property’s World Heritage values are 072
communicated to residents, visitors and the public (please attach
examples of leaflets videos posters etc. and print-outs and/or the
address of a web-page:
Through photo exhibbitions, competitions, and printing of
brochures, leaflets, posters etc..
Are there educational programmes concerning the property 073
aimed at schools?
Yes
If YES, please describe: 074
Although there is no education programme framed for school
children exclusively they are involved during the celebration of
World Heritage Day/Week and such other awareness
programmes and are inculcated about our rich heritage through
conducting Essay writing/Quiz/Painting Competitions about this
property. Besides several lectures were delivered in various
schools/colleges/Universities on their request to create awareness
about cultural treasure (Inscribed property).
 What role does World Heritage inscription play for the site 075
concerning the visitor number, the research programmes and/or
the awareness building activities?
The inscription of this property as a World Heritage has created
awareness among the public and revealed its importance to the
world. On its inscription as a World Heritage Property the
number of visitors have increased, organisation of World
Heritage Day/Week Celebrations, Organization of NSS Camps
for School students and fortnightly cultural programmes are
being organised by the South zone Cultural centre, Thanjavur.

II.5 Factors affecting the property

Please comments on the degree to which the property is 076
threatened by particular problems and risks, such as development
pressure, environmental pressure, natural disasters and
preparedness, visitor/tourism pressure, number of inhabitants.
Also mention all other issues that you see as problematic:
The property is situated in the heart of the town and residential
colonies had already developed around the property. Any
demolition or reconstruction of these buildings in course of time
will affect the temple foundation and also mar the view of the
temple. The outer fortification and the moat of the Sivaganga
Little Fort is presently with the Thanjavur Municipality. The
rank vegetation growth is seen all over the fortification wall and
the walls have fallen in some areas. This adversely affects the
ancient ambience of the temple complex. The heavy vehicular
movements around the temple causes vibration and also air
pollution which in course of time will affect the property. An
accretionary structure to house the temple car near the Ganesha
shrine within the temple complex should be shifted so that it can
be demolished.
Is there an emergency plan and /or risk preparedness plan for the 077
property in existence?
No
If YES, please summarise the plan and provide a copy: 078
Does not arise.
If NO, describe what is being done – and by whom – to counteract 079
the dangers that threaten or may threaten the property:
Local officials attend to all emergency problems with the help of
local authorities.
 Indicate areas where improvement would be desirable and/or 080
towards which the state party is working:
After taking over the rampart and the moat it will be conserved
in all respects to improve the buffer area of the inscribed
property.
Give an indication if the impact of the factors affecting the 081
property is increasing or decreasing:
Impact of urbanization/illegal construction , increase in vehicular
movement in general may affect the property.
What actions have been effectively taken, or are planned for the 082
future, to address the factors affecting the property?
Proposal for shifting the temple car and demolishing the
accretionary structure is under way. The District Collector will
be approached for diverting the vehicular traffic around the
property.

II.6 Monitoring
If applicable, give details (e.g. dates, results, indicators chosen) of 083
any previous periodic or reactive monitoring exercise of the
property:
The prohibited/regulated area surrounding the World Heritage
property are being constantly watched and a few unauthorised
constructions have been referred to the state authorities for
demolition. In respect of other factors such as natural causes for
disintegration due to weathering and vegetation growth, necessary
conservation steps are to be taken after Inspection and assessing
the causes.
Is there a formal monitoring system established for the site? 084
Yes
If YES, please give the details of its organization:
Dehumidifier has been installed in the painting chamber to 085
control humidity. Tell tale glasses have been fixed on the ceiling of
the cloister mandapa to study the activeness of settlement.
If not already in place, is the establishment of a formal monitoring 086
system planned?
Does not arise.
If YES, please outline the functioning of that system, taking into 087
consideration the key indicators you will be asked to define below
(See 089/090):
Data not available.
Are there any indicators established for monitoring the state of 088
conservation of the property?
No
If YES, please provide up-to-date information with respect to 089
each of the key indicators established and/or used. Care should
be taken to ensure that this information is as accurate and
reliable as possible, for example by carrying out observations in
the same way, using similar equipment and methods at the same
time of the year and day. Name and describe the key indicators
for measuring the state of conservation of this property:
Does not arise. 090
IF NO, indicators have been identified and/or used so far, please
define key indicators for future use in monitoring:
Data not available .
Indicate which partners, if any, any involved or will be involved 091
in the regular monitoring exercise:
Archaeological Survey of India will be monitoring only the
structural conservation works, while religious aspects will be
monitered by the Hereditary Trustee. The District authorities
will be contacted as and when required with regard to matters
relating to illegal construction/encroachments etc.
Identify the administrative provisions for organizing the regular
monitoring of the property: 092
Superintending Archaeologist who is the administrative head
inspects the inscribed property regularly. Qualified Engineering
Staff will monitor and attend all day to day requirements for
proper monitoring and maintenance.A committee under the
chairmanship of the District Collector periodically reviews the
problems and offers remedial measures.
Describe what improvement the State Party foresees or would 093
consider desirable in improving the monitoring system:
Installation of CCTV for watching the movement of visitors,
since the temple is housing valuable sculptures/bronzes. Burglar
alarm may also be installed so as to prevent the theft of
sculptures.
 In specific cases, the World Heritage Committee and/or its 094
Bureau may have already examined the state of conservation of
the property and made recommendations to the State Party,
either at the time of inscription or afterwards. In such cases the
State Party is requested to report on the actions that have been
taken in response to the observations of decisions made by the
Bureau or Committee. Give details, if applicable:
Data not available.

II.7 Conclusions and recommended actions

Please summarize the main conclusions regarding the state of the 095
World Heritage values of the property (see items II.2 and II.3
above)
There has been no change in the authenticity or integrity of the
monument since its inscription as a World Heritage Property.
Please summarize the main conclusions regarding the 096
management and factors affecting the property (see II.4 and II.5
above):
The World Heritage Property is preserved and managed by the
Archaeological Survey of India both at national and local level
through legal and traditional means. The main factor affecting
the monument is deterioration and weathering of the property
due to climatic conditions and rank vegetations and new
constructions and increase in vehicular traffic in the vicinity of
the temple.
Give an overview over proposed future action/actions: 097
A perspective plan for the conservation work to be carried out
during 10th Five Year Plan ( 2002-2007) has been prepared and
approved by the Directorate. Relaying damaged brick flooring of
the outer pradakshina Patha, reorganisation of temple museum,
organization of photo gallery with colour blow ups. Preparation
of a management plan in association with local and state level
authorities for controlling development and tourist pressure.
Preparation of risk preparedness plan. Providing additional staff
for effective site management. Equipping the local office with
latest scientific equipments and training the officials in the same.
Name the agency responsible for implementation of these actions 098
(if different from 005): As mentioned under 005
Give a timeframe for implementation of the actions described 099
above: Five years
Indicate for which of the planned activities International 100
Assistance form the World Heritage Fund may be needed (if any):
To conserve structually/chemically the World Heritage property
matching international standards.
Are there any contacts with management units of other properties 101
within or outside your country?
Yes.
If YES, please explain: 102
Problems are discussed at the national level to find out a better
solution to achieve the goal.
Please indicate which experience made during the periodic 103
reporting exercise and/or during the on-going conservation /
protection efforts of the property could be shared with other
States Parties dealing with similar problems or issues:
Efforts taken for the preservation of the structural properties
(Stone) close to the shore line which are being faced by stiff threat
from saline action. The control of high developmental activities
within a limited area, its implementation so as to safeguard the
site. Periodic reporting exercise has given an opportunity to
assess the physical problem of the inscribed property as well as
methodology to restore the same. The experience is shared with
counter parts.
Provide the name(s) and address(es) of organization(s) or 104
specialist(s) who could be contacted for this purpose:
Agency / Organization: Archaeological Survey of India
Person responsible: Superintending Archaeologist
Address: Archaeological Survey of India, Chennai Circle, Fort St.
George,
City and Post Code: Chennai 600 009
Telephone: 044-5670396/97
Fax:044-5679332
Email:asichen@vsnl.net
II.8 Assessment of the Periodic Reporting
exercise for Section II
Was sufficient and adequate information made available to the 105
responsible authorities and individuals during the preparation
phase of the Periodic Reporting exercise (information given
meetings etc)
Yes

Was the questionnaire clear and did it help to comply with the 106
reporting requirements of the State Party?
Yes

What are the perceived benefits and lessons learnt of the exercise? 107
The exercise has helped in assessing the overall management plan
of the property in all respects. The exercise helped in
understanding the problem and to find out the remedial measures.

Please describe the expected outcome of the Periodic Reporting 108

exercise and the desired follow-up by the World Heritage
Committee:
A positive outcome as required for the property is the expected
result of this exercise. It is desired that shortfalls/problems faced at
the site is adequately looked into and proper guidelines/funding
giving for its improvement.
 II.9 Documentation Attached
Maps and Plans showing the general location of the
property, its boundary and buffer zone as well as
the necessary detail of the property itself(see
question 003 for specification)
Photo of General View(aerial view) of the property
Illustrations of the state of conservation of the site
(photographs, slides and, if available, film/videos)
Details of the important aspects of the property
(landscapes, animal and vegetable species,
monuments etc.)
Photo illustrating the main threats to the site and
its surroundings
Extracts of relevant laws and regulations
concerning the protection of cultural and natural
heritage at national, provincial and municipal
levels
Copies of the management plan of the site as well as
extracts and/or copies of other plans relating to the
site (e.g. emergency plan, use plan etc.)

Indicative Bibiliography
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
i) The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains
Act, (A.M. & A.S.R.), 1958

This is a Central Act applicable for the entire country for the
control of activities in and around archaeological monuments of national
importance. It replaced an earlier act passed in the year 1904 by the
then Government of India. The Act further provides for the regulation of
archaeological excavations and for the protection of sculptures, carvings
into force on August 28, 1958 (sub-section (3) of Section I).
The Act provides power to the Central Government:
a) To declare ancient monuments, sites etc, to be of national importance
(section 4).
b) For the acquisition of rights in a protected monument (section 5).
c) For the preservation, acquisition and maintenance of protected areas
(section 19).
d) For the restriction for enjoyment of property rights in protected areas
(section 19).
e) To acquire a protected area (section 20)
f) To regulate archaeological excavation (section21-24).
g) To control moving antiquities (section-25).
h) To make rules (section – 38).
and other like operations in India .

ii) The ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains

Rules, 1959

In the exercise of the powers conferred by Section 38 of the

Ancients Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958,
the Central Government made certain rules. These rules were published
in the official Gazette of India Extradinary, Part I, Section 3, Subsection(ii)
on October, 15, 1959. These are called the Ancient Monuments and
Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959.

These rules, specifically Rules 8 and 8a, define construction,

mining operation, prohibited area etc. and regulate access to protected
monuments; opening and closing of protected monuments, entrance fee;
prohibit any act which may cause damage or injurty to any part of goods,
bringing in any animal or vehicle, construction and other operations in
protected areas; copying and filming protected monuments, etc.
Further, the Government of India Notification through the Archaeological
Survey of India, Order No.S.O.1764 dated June 16, 1992 published in the
Gazette of India, Part II, Section 3 sub-section (ii) dated July 4 1992,
declares areas up to 100 m from the protected limits, and beyond up to
200 m near or adjoining protected monuments to be prohibited and
regulated apart from the A.M.A.S.R. Act, 1958, provisions of the following
Acts protect, control and regulate various activities in and around the
property proposed for inscription in the World Heritage List.
III) Protection of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Site and
Remains Act, 1967– Government of Tamil Nadu
An act to provide for the preservation of ancient and historical
monuments and archaeological sites and remains other than those of
national importance, for the regualtion of archaeological excavations and
for the protection of sculptures, carvings and other like objects.
“ancient monument” means any structure, erection or
monument or any tumulus or place of interment, or any cave, rock-
sculpture, inscription or monolith, which is of historical, archaeological or
artistic interest and which has been in existence for not less than one
hundred years.
Nothing in this section shall affect the use of any protected
monument for customary religious observances.
Restricted Areas
Restrictions on enjoyment of property rights in protected areas – No
person, including the owner or occupier of a protected area, shall
construct any building within the protected area or carry any mining,
quarrying, excavating blasting, or any operation of a like thereof in any
other manner without the permission of the Government.
 Indicative
Bibliography
1. Nilakanta Sastri K.A., The Colas, University
of Madras, Historical Series, 2 Vols., 1935.
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