Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom Using Different Substrates
Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom Using Different Substrates
Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom Using Different Substrates
Abstract: Mushroom is an edible macro fungus which is cultivated in many countries by using agricultural
wastes. The cultivation of Mushroom is a bioconversion process of agro based ligno cellulosic wates and
residues. Mushroom cultivation resembles with Sustainable farming as they use agro wastes for their growth.
The objective of the present study is to produce spawns from different substrates like Sorghum, Pearl Millet and
Wheat grains and to cultivate Oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus using various substrates such as Paddy
straw, Corn straw, Corn cob and Sugarcane bagasses. The amount of spawn produced from sorghum is more
when compared with pearl millet and wheat grains. The mushroom produced from sugarcane bagasses showed
faster growth followed by paddy straw, corn cob and corn straw.
I. INTRODUCTION
Fungi are the group of organisms which lack the ability to utilize sun rays directly for the production of
food as they lack chlorophyll. They depend on other organisms for food by absorbing nutrients from the
organisms they live. Mushrooms are edible macroscopic fungi which have fleshy fruiting bodies (Alexopoulos
et al., 1996). They are a rich source of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals (Ananbeh, 2003) and are
commonly produced worldwide (Madbouly and Al-Hussainy, 1996). Mushrooms can grow on decayed organic
matters which are rich in lignin, cellulose and other carbohydrates whereas oyster mushroom requires less
nitrogen and more carbon source.
A huge amount of agro based ligno cellulosoic crop residues and byproducts are generated annually. The
production of these wastes can cause environmental and many health problems (Garg and Gupta, 2009). The
need for nutrition rich food and the management of agricultural residues paved the way for mushroom
cultivation. Mushroom cultivation is an appropriate bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes (Chang and Miles,
1992). Mushrooms provide people with high quality proteins, minerals and vitamins. They are highly nutritious
and can be compared with eggs, milk and meat. They are easily digestible as they have no cholesterol (Oei,
2003).
Oyster mushrooms are the group of mushroom belonging to the genus Pleurotus and the family
Pleurotaceae. They possess number of therapeutic properties like anti-inflammatory, immunostimulator and
anticancer activity, immunomodulatory, ribonuclease activity, etc. (Yashvant patel, 2012). The present study is
to prepare spawns from various substrates and to cultivate mushroom from different substrates.
ostreatus was aseptically transferred to individual MEA slants in laminar airflow chamber. After inoculation,
the cultures were incubated at 25 °C until sufficient growth is obtained. The slant culture were transferred to
perti plates containing MEA medium and incubated at 25 °C for 7 days. After 7 days, the mycelia growth
covers the agar medium and the culture was used for spawn preparation (Girmay, et al., 2016).
Where BE refers to Biological efficiency, FWm is the total fresh weight (g), DWs is the substrate dry weight
(g).
Results of Yield components of each spawned substrate are illuatrated as follows (Table 4, Table 5, and
Table 6). It was found that Sugarcane bagasses showed better yield components than other substrates.
The matured fruit bodies are harvested and weighed for calculating biological yield and economic yield.
The results are tabulated as follows (Table 7, Table 8 and Table 9). The Sorghum spawned sugarcane bagasses
showed more weight when compared with other substrates.
Table 8. Results of biological and economic yield in pearl millet spawned substrates
Biological efficiency of the mushroom was determined as the ratio of Biological yield harvested to the
dry weight of the substrate. The sorghum spawned sugarcane bagasses substrate showed more biological
efficiency followed by paddy straw, corn cob and corn straw. The results are tabulated as follows (Table 10).
IV. DISCUSSION
As per the finding of this study, the growth of P. Ostreatus mycelia was relatively faster on Sugarcane
bagasses and paddy straw as compared to the other substrates used (corn straw and corn cob). On an average, it
took about 15 days for the mycelia to run on each substrate. This is comparable with the study of (Onuoha
et al., 2009) who reported the completion of spawn running on paddy straw waste to be 15 days while others
reported it to be between 13 and 16 days using similar substrate (Patra and Pani 1995; Jiskani 1999). The
variation in the number of days taken for a spawn to complete colonization of a given substrate is a function of
the fungal strain, growth conditions and substrate type (Chang and Miles 2004). According to (Oei 1996),
mushroom mycelia require specific nutrients for its growth; the addition of supplements can, thus, increase
mushroom yield through the provision of these specific nutrients.
Pin-head formation (premordium initiation) was observed following the invasion of substrates by
mycelial growth. The time required for the formation of pin-heads is comparable with other studies of (Ahmed,
1998) reported pin-head formation of oyster mushroom cultivated in different substrates to be between 23 and
27 days from spawning, while (Fan et al., 2000) reported it to be 20–23 days. It was evidently observed from
this study that the overall cropping period for oyster mushroom, varied for each of the different substrates used.
According to (Khanna and Garcha, 1981), it may take up-to 104 days to harvest yield from oyster mushroom
grown on paddy straw. These variations in cropping periods were due to the variations in the growing
environment and physiological requirements for mushroom cultivation like the constant temperature, humidity
and light arrangements.
It was observed that the yield components of P. Ostreatus were found to be affected by the use of
different substrates. Sugarcane bagasses resulted in a relatively better growth in terms of diameter and thickness
of pileus, and diameter and length of stipe. The study confirmed that the use of different substrates brought
about a significant effect on yield (biological and economic yield) of oyster mushroom. The largest yield was
harvested from sugarcane bagasses, followed by paddy straw while the least was obtained from corn straw.
Similarly, the biological efficiency also varied among the different substrates. Variable ranges of BE have been
reported when different lignocellulosic materials were used as substrates for cultivation of oyster mushroom
(Liang et al. 2009).
V. CONCLUSION
Oyster mushroom is an edible mushroom which can be grown on various substrates like Paddy straw,
wheat straw, sugarcane bagasses, saw dust etc. This study confirmed that the Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus
ostreatus grown well in Sugarcane bagasses when compared with other substrates and also it is confirmed that
the spawn produced from Sorghum have more potential than other spawns. Further studies need to be
conducted on the potentials of various agricultural and industrial wastes on oyster mushroom cultivation, their
economic feasibility and other related issues of mushroom (particularly oyster mushroom) to fully realize the
multiple socio-economic and environmental significances of the mushroom.
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