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    Cs 422 - Distributed Computing: Why Should We Be Interested?

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    Pearzel Kate
    This document provides an overview of distributed computing including: 1. Distributed computing is needed as computing power is increasingly distributed across many cores and the internet connects users globally. 2. Examples of distributed systems include the internet, telecommunication networks, sensor networks, and mobile computing systems. 3. Distributed systems are defined as collections of autonomous computing elements that appear as single coherent systems to users through collaboration and communication between nodes.

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    Cs 422 - Distributed Computing: Why Should We Be Interested?

    Uploaded by

    Pearzel Kate
    23 views7 pages
    This document provides an overview of distributed computing including: 1. Distributed computing is needed as computing power is increasingly distributed across many cores and the internet connects users globally. 2. Examples of distributed systems include the internet, telecommunication networks, sensor networks, and mobile computing systems. 3. Distributed systems are defined as collections of autonomous computing elements that appear as single coherent systems to users through collaboration and communication between nodes.

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    CS422-Lecture 1

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    This document provides an overview of distributed computing including: 1. Distributed computing is needed as computing power is increasingly distributed across many cores and the internet connects users globally. 2. Examples of distributed systems include the internet, telecommunication networks, sensor networks, and mobile computing systems. 3. Distributed systems are defined as collections of autonomous computing elements that appear as single coherent systems to users through collaboration and communication between nodes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views7 pages

    Cs 422 - Distributed Computing: Why Should We Be Interested?

    Uploaded by

    Pearzel Kate
    This document provides an overview of distributed computing including: 1. Distributed computing is needed as computing power is increasingly distributed across many cores and the internet connects users globally. 2. Examples of distributed systems include the internet, telecommunication networks, sensor networks, and mobile computing systems. 3. Distributed systems are defined as collections of autonomous computing elements that appear as single coherent systems to users through collaboration and communication between nodes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    CS 422 – DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING

    @ https://myclass.myvirtuallearning.org

    Why should we be interested?


    • Huge amounts of computing are now distributed...
    • A few years ago, Intel threw its hands up in the air: couldn’t
    increase GHz much more without CPU temperatures reaching
    solar levels
    • Moore’s Law
    • As a result, we have Multi-core and GPUs.
    • Home desktop computers has become a parallel/distributed
    system. In a decade, it may have 128 cores.
    • That thing called the Internet…
    • Users can sync their calendar with google, which they can access
    on their desktop using a browser
    • Most things are distributed, and more each day
    Why do we need distributed systems?
    • Geographically distributed environment
    • Speed
    • Resource sharing
    • Fault tolerance

    Examples of distributed systems /


    applications of distributed computing
    • Intranets, Internet, WWW, email.
    • Telecommunication networks: Telephone networks and Cellular networks.
    • Network of branch office computers -Information system to handle
    automatic processing of orders,
    • Real-time process control: Aircraft control systems,
    • Electronic banking,
    • Airline reservation systems,
    • Sensor networks,
    • Mobile and Pervasive Computing systems.
    Distributed Computing
    In their book “Distributed Systems”, Maarten van Steen and Andrew S.
    Tanenbaum defined Distributed Systems as

    “a collection of autonomous computing elements that appears


    to its users as a single coherent system”

    According to ionos.com

    “The term distributed computing describes a digital


    infrastructure in which a network of computers solves pending
    computational tasks. Despite being physically separated, these
    autonomous computers work together closely in a process
    where the work is divvied up”
    A blog at www.ridge.co explains

    “A distributed system is a collection of multiple physically


    separated servers and data storage that reside in different
    systems worldwide. These components can collaborate,
    communicate, and work together to achieve the same
    objective, giving an illusion of being a single, unified system
    with powerful computing capabilities.”

    The definitions present two characteristics..


    1. Collection of computing elements
    • They could be hardware device or a software process
    • Sometimes referred to as a node
    • Nodes can be members of a group
    • Open group
    • Closed group
    The definitions present two characteristics..
    2. Single coherent system
    • The thought that users are dealing with one single system
    • Nodes operates the same, no matter
    • where, when, and how interaction between a user and the
    system takes place.
    • Bringing us to the interpretation that these nodes need to
    collaborate and communicate

    Design Goals
    • Support resource sharing
    • Storage facilities, peripherals, data, files, networks, services
    • Transparent distribution
    Transparency Description
    Access Hide differences in data representation and how an object is accessed
    Location Hide where an object is located
    Relocation Hide that an object may be moved to another location while in use
    Migration Hide that an object may move to another location
    Replication Hide that an object is replicated
    Concurrency Hide that an object may be shared by several independent users
    Failure Hide the failure and recovery of an object
    Design Goals
    • Being open
    • Interoperability
    • Different file system by different OS
    • The role of interfaces
    • Composability
    • Extensibility
    • Example. Caching of browsers
    Storage Where is data to be cached? Typically, there will be an in-memory cache next to storage on disk.
    Exemption When the cache fills up, which data is to be removed so that newly fetched pages can be stored?
    Sharing Does each browser make use of a private cache, or is a cache to be shared among browsers of
    different users?
    Refreshing When does a browser check if cached data is still up-to-date?

    Design Goals
    • Being scalable
    1. Size scalability
    • A familiar scenario
    • A service is implemented on a single machine can provide bottlenecks
    • Computational capacity
    • Storage capacity and I/O transfer rate
    • Network between user and provider
    2. Geographical scalability
    3. Administrative scalability
    Fallacies of Distributed Computing
    • The network is reliable
    • Latency is zero
    • Bandwidth is infinite
    • The network is secure
    • Topology doesn’t change
    • There is one administrator
    • Transport cost is zero
    • The network is homogeneous

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