Mass and Balance Details

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Dashboard Test yourself Flagged questions Analysis Help & Information
Assessment - Mass & Balance Finish ®
Question No. 1/23 Question 10: 310235 Flag Question ®
View Annex (31 0239)
o On the nose of the aeroplane.
€) At the leading edge of the Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC).
e 540 inches forward of the front spar.

o 540 ern forward of the front spar.
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Annex 031-006
Balance Arm (INS)

.... .......
.... ....
'"
'"
U1
en 00
2
/
P pc -::::::... ;C
I~ -
000000000 00 DC OC: 000 01 ~OO 0 00 0000000
~ t .....
i--- D
FS
D
- ~
,/
Figure 4.1 Locations Diagram
Body Station Conversion Balance Arm - in

130 to 500 B.S. -152 in -22 to 348
500A 348 + 22 in 370

500B 348 + 44 in 392
500C 348 + 66 in 414
500D 348 + 88 in 436
500E 348 + 110 in 458
500F 348 + 132 in 480
500G 348 + 152 in 500
540 to 727 B.S. + 0 in 540 to 727
727A 727 + 20 in 747

727B 727 + 40 in 767
727C 727 + 60 in 787
727D 727 + 82 in 809
727E 727 + 104 in 831
727F 727 + 126in 853
727G 727 + 148 in 875
747 to 1217 B.S. + 148 in 895 to 1,365

Figure 4.2 Table to Convert Body Station to Balance Arm
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Dashboard Test yourself Flaggedquestions Analysis Help & Information
Question No.1 123 Question 10: 310235 FlagQuestion ®
View Annex (310239)
o On the nose of the aeroplane.
o At the leading edge of the MeanAerodynamic Chord (MAC).
e 540 inches forward of the front spar. tI
(;) 540 ern forward of the front spar.
Next Question ®
From the diagram the front spar is 540 inches behind the datum.
View Image
Assessment Statistics 0 Correct of 1 Score: 00/0
Question Statistics (leave feedback on question)
Times Answered: 1 (Post to ATP Forum)
Average Score: 0%
Balance Arm (INS)
tv ;.:,
m '"
o
2:.::
N r-t--
000000000 000 000000000
D
a
J ~~oo
f'S
0 000000000000 [
0
~
----
r...
vI--'
Figure 4.1 Locations Diagram

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(Refer to Annex 031.002)
A jet aeroplane, with the geometrical characteristics shown in the appendix, has a take-off weight (W)
of 460000 N and a centre of gravity (point G on Annex) located at 15.40 m from the zero reference
point, At the last moment the station manager has 12 000 N of freight added in the forward
compartment at 10 m from the zero reference point. The final location of the centre of gravity,
calculated in percentage of mean aerodynamic chord AS (from point A), is equal to:
" 35.5%.
027.5%.
e 30.4%.
e 16.9%.
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Annex 031-002
14 m
I
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B:
;1
4,60m ,.
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Gil AI G 8
';1 I I
0::1
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15,40 m
W
lA-&A A-'PL OVESTIO~ SA-I"'I ~
Assessment - Mass & Balance Finish CB
Question No. 2/23 Question 10: 310239 Flag Question CB

(Refer to Annex 031"()02)
A jet aeroplane, with the geometrical characteristics shown in the appendix, has a take-off weight (W)
of 460000 N and a centre of gravity (point G on Annex) located at 15.40 m from the zero reference
point. At the last moment the station manager has 12000 N of freight added in the forward
compartment at 10 m from the zero reference point. The final location of the centre of gravity,
calculated in percentage of mean aerodynamic chord AS (from point A), is equal to:
View Annex (310266)
" 35.5%.
€) 27.5%. tI
e 30.4%.
o 16.9%.
@ Previous Question Next Question CB
Mass x Arm = Moment

Original Mass 460000 x 15.4 7084000 =
Add Mass 12000 x 10 120000 =
Total Mass 472000 =
Total moment 7204000 =
New CG = Moment 1 Mass
New CG = 7204000 1472000
New CG = 15.26m
LEMac (point A) is at 14 m, therefore, CG is 1.26m from LEMac
%MAC = (1.26 1 4,13}x 100 = 27.5% MAC.

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The loaded centre of gravity (cg) of an aeroplane is 713 mm aft of datum. The mean aerodynamic
chord lies between station 524 mm aft and 1706 mm aft. The cg expressed as"/. MAC (mean
aerodynamic chord) is:
041%
o 10%
e 16%
060%
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The loaded centre of graVity (cg) of an aeroplane is 713 mm aft of datum. The mean aerodynamic
chord lies between station 524 mm aft and 1706 mm aft. The cg expressed as% MAC(mean
aerodynamic chord) is:
" 41%
€) 10%
e 16% II
060%
@ Previous Question Next Question ®
MAC length = 1706 - 524 = 1182mm

Distance between LE and CG = 713 - 524 = 189mm
CG is 189mm behind the LE, which is (189/1182) of the MAC = 0.16 = 16% MAC
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Average Score: 0%
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Question No. 4123 Question 10: 310241 Flag Question ®
o 47.0% MAC
o 63.4% MAC
e 23.1 % MAC
o 36.3% MAC

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QuestionNo. 4/23 Question10:310241 FlagQuestion ®
" 47.0%MAC
e 63.4% MAC
e 23.1%MAC
e 36.3%MAC tI
The %MAC can be found if the length of the MAC is known and how far back from the Leading Edge the CG is.
=
CG 12.53 m
=
LE MAC 9.63 m
LE MAC - CG = 12.53 - 9.63 = 2.9 m

% MAC = (2.9/8.00) x 100 = 36.25%
Assessment Statistics 0 Correct of 4 Score: 0%

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At a given mass the CG position is at 15% MAC.If the leading edge of MAC is at a position 625.6
inches aft of the datum and the MAC is given as 134.5 inches determine the position of the CG in
relation to the datum.
o 228.34 inches aft of datum
e 20.18 inches aft of datum


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At a given massthe CG position is at 15% MAC.If the leading edge of MACis at a position 625.6
inches aft of the datum and the MACis given as 134.5 inches determine the position of the CG in
relation to the datum.
" 228.34 inches aft of datum
o 645.78 inches aft of datum tI
15% of a MAC of 134.5 ins = 20.175 ins.

LEMAC = 625.6 ins
CG = LEMAC + % MAC
CG = 625.6 + 20.175
CG = 645.775 ins aft of the datum (Rounded Up = 645.78")
Times Answered: 1 (post to ATP Forum)

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The mass and balance information gives: Basic mass: 1 200 kg ; Basic balance arm : 3.00 m Under
these conditions the Basic centre of gravity is at 25% of the mean aerodynamic chord (MAC). The
length of MAC is 2m. In the mass and balance section of the flight manual the following information is
given: Position Arm front seats: 2.5 m rear seats: 3.5 m rear hold: 4.5 m fuel tanks: 3.0 m The pilot
and one passenger embark; each weighs 80 kg. Fuel tanks contain 140litres of petrol with a density of
0.714.The rear seats are not occupied. Taxi fuel is negligable. The position of the centre of gravity at
take-off (as% MAC)is :
" 29%
017%
e 34%
e 22%
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The mass and balance information gives: Basic mass: 1 200 kg ; Basic balance arm : 3.00 m Under
these conditions the Basic centre of gravity is at 25% of the mean aerodynamic chord (MAC). The
length of MAC is 2m. In the mass and balance section of the flight manual the following information is
given: Position Armfront seats: 2.5 m rear seats: 3.5 m rear hold: 4.5 m fuel tanks: 3.0 m The pilot
and one passenger embark; each weighs 80 kg. Fuel tanks contain 140 litres of petrol with a density of
0.714.The rear seats are not occupied. Taxi fuel is negligable. The position of the centre of gravity at
take-off (as% MAC)is :
" 29%
(]) 17%
e 34%
022% tI
® Previous Question Next Question ®
(Refer to Diagram) The given data means that the aircraft empty CG is 3m aft of the datum. Create a table to
find new CG at TOM. The fuel mass =140 x 0.714 = 100 kg. CG = Moment! Mass = +4300/1460 = 2.95 m
The BEM had a CG at 25% MAC on a 2m chord and this was also 3m aft of the datum. 25% of 2m is 0_5mso
LEMAC has to be 2.5m from the datum. The TO CG is 2.95m, so the distance from LEMAC is 2.95 - 2.5 =
0.45m The %MACthen is 0.45/2 x 100% = 22.5%
View Image
Question StatistiCS (Leave feedback on question)

Item Mass Arm Moment
BEM 1200 +3 +3600

Pilot + Pax 160 +2.5 -+400
Fuel 100 +3 +300
Total 1460 -+4300
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" The mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the leading edge
o The aeroplane in relation to the leading edge
e The mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the datum
(;) The mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the trailing edge
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QuestionNo.7 123 Question10:310244 FlagQuestion ®
" The mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the leading edge tI
€) The aeroplane in relation to the leading edge
e The mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the datum
e The mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the trailing edge
The % value of MeanAerodynamic Chord (MAC) is always taken from the leading edge.
Assessment Statistics 1 Correct of 7 Score: 9.090/0
Average Score: 100%
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o With respect to the neutral point.
o As a percentage of the MAC from its trailing edge.
e With respect to the centre of pressure.

(;) As a percentage of the MAC from its leading edge.

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Dashboard Test yourself Flaggedquestions Analysis Help& Information
QuestionNo.8123 Question10: 310245 FlagQuestion ®
" With respect to the neutral point.
e As a percentage of the MACfrom its trailing edge.
e With respect to the centre of pressure.
e As a percentage of the MACfrom its leading edge. tI
@ PreviousQuestion NextQuestion ®
On swept wing aircraft the CG is normally expressed as a percentage of the MACfrom the leading edge.
Average Score: 0%
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An aeroplane has a mean aerodynamic chord (MAC) of 134.5 inches. The leading edge of this chord is
at a distance of 625.6 inches aft of the datum. Define the location of the centre of gravity of the
aeroplane in terms of percentage MAC if the mass of the aeroplane is acting vertically through a
balance arm located 650 inches aft of the datum.
" 85,5%
o 10,5%
e 18,1%
(;) 75,6%
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An aeroplane has a mean aerodynamic chord (MAC)of 134.5 inches. The leading edge of this chord is
at a distance of 625.6 inches aft of the datum. Define the location of the centre of gravity of the
aeroplane in terms of percentage MACif the mass of the aeroplane is acting vertically through a
balance arm located 650 inches aft of the datum.
o 85,5%
o 10,5%
e 18,1% tI
o 75,6%
~ Previous Question Next Question ®
CG = 650" aft
Leading Edge (LE) MAC = 625.6" aft
Therefore:
CG = 650" . 625.6" in from LEMAC.

CG = 24.4" in from LEMAC.
MAC = 134.5"
% MAC = (24.4" I 134.5") x 100
% MAC = 18.1%
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o At intervals of 9 years.
o Only if major modifications have taken place.
e At intervals of 4 years if no modifications have taken place.
(;) At regular annual intervals.

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" At intervals of 9 years.
€) Only if major modifications have taken place.
e At intervals of 4 years if no modifications have taken place. II
o At regular annual intervals.
The mass of an aircraft must be determined prior to initial entry into service and thereafter at intervals of 4
years if no modifications have taken place.
Average Score: 0%
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QuestionNo. 11I 23 Question10: 310251 FlagQuestion ®
" The weighing schedule. If changes occur, due to modifications, the aircraft must be
re-weighed always.
o The loading manifest. It differs from the zero fuel mass by the value of the 'traffic
load'.
e The loading manifest. It differs from dry operating mass by the value of the 'useful
load'.
e The weighing schedule and is amended to take account of changes due to

modifications of the aircraft.
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" The weighing schedule. If changes occur, due to modifications, the aircraft must be
re-weighed always.
o The loading manifest. It differs from the zero fuel mass by the value of the 'traffic
load'.
e The loading manifest. It differs from dry operating mass by the value of the 'useful
load'.
o The weighing schedule and is amended to take account of changes due to

modifications of the aircraft.
The weighing schedule forms part of the aircraft technical log.
Assessment Statistics 1 Correct of 11 Score: 6.67%
Average Score: 0%
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QuestionNo. 12123 Question10: 310252 FlagQuestion ®
o Drain all useable fuel.
o Removable passenger services equipment to be off-loaded.
e Drain all chemical toilet fluid tanks.
(;) Drain all engine tank oil.
~ PreviousQuestion SkipQuestion ®

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" Drain all useable fuel.
e Removable passenger services equipment to be off-loaded.
e Drain all chemical toilet fluid tanks.
e Drain all engine tank oil. tI
Basic Empty Mass (Basic Mass) is the mass of an aeroplane plus standard items
such as:
i) unusable fuel and other unusable fluids;
ii) lubricating oil in engine and auxiliary units;
iii) fire extinguishers;
iv) pyrotechnics;
v) emergency oxygen equipment;
vi) supplementary electronic equipment.
The engine oil is included in the BEM.

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" The Operator.
o The commander of the aircraft.
e The aircraft manufacturer or supplier.

(;) The appropriate Aviation Authority.

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" The Operator. tI
€) The commander of the aircraft.
e The aircraft manufacturer or supplier.
e The appropriate Aviation Authority.
The operator is responsible for the addition of the operational items to establish the DaM.
Average Score: 100%
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o In an enclosed hangar.
4]) In an area of the airfield set aside for maintenance.
e In a quiet parking area clear of the normal manoeuvring area.

(;) At a specified 'weighing location' on the airfield.
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" In an enclosed hangar. tI
e In an area of the airfield set aside for maintenance.
e In a quiet parking area clear of the normal manoeuvring area.
e At a specified 'weighing location' on the airfield.
@ PreviousQuestion Next Question ®
Weighing must be carried out in an enclosed building.
Average Score: 100%
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o Whenever a major modification is carried out.
o 4 years for each aeroplane.
e Whenever the certificate of airworthiness is renewed.

(;) 9 years for each aeroplane.

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" Whenever a major modification is carried out.
e 4 years for each aeroplane.
e Whenever the certificate of airworthiness is renewed.
o 9 years for each aeroplane. tI
@ PreviousQuestion Next Question ®
4 years for non fleet aircraft and 9 years for fleet aircraft.
Average Score: 0%
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" 2 points of support
o 1 point of support
e 3 points of support
o 4 point of support

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" 2 points of support
€) 1 point of support
e 3 points of support II
e 4 point of support
The mass and CG·position of an aircraft, it should be weighed with a minimum of 3 points of support.
Average Score: 0%
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View Annex (320291)
o 26.57 em forward of datum.
€) 32.29 em forward of datum.
e 26.57 em aft of datum.
o 32.29 em aft of datum.

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Terms I ~ I~ I © 2013 Bnstol Groundschool Ltd. Lower New Road, Cheddar, BS27 3DY
Annex 031-001
Datum
1,0 In
Nose wheel weight: 1750 N
2,5 m Left nlainlMleel weight: 4050 N
Right main 1M1eelweight: 4080 N
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View Annex 1320291}
" 26.57 em forward of datum. tI
o 32.29 em forward of datum.
e 26.57 em aft of datum.
(;) 32.29 em aft of datum.
o Previous Question Next Question ®
CG = Moment/Mass
CG = -2625/9880
CG = - 0.26568m or -26.57 em (forward of the datum)

View Image View Image
Assessment Statistics 4 Correct of 17 Score: 22.73%,

Item Mass Ann Moment
NW 1750 -1.5 -2625
Left r-IrN 4050 0 0
Right MW 4080 0 0
Total 9880 - -2625
CofG -O.2657m
(MomEnt i Iv1iIss) (-26.57cm)
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Question No. 18123 Question 10:310259 Flag Question ®

An aeroplane with a two wheel nose gear and four main wheels rests on the ground with a single nose
wheel load of 500kg and a single mainwheel load of 6000kg. The distance between the nose wheels
and the mainwheels is10 meter. How far is the centre of gravity in front of the mainwheels?
" 25em
o 4 metres
e 41.6 em
o 40em

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wheel load of 500 kg and a single main wheel load of 6000kg. The distance between the nose wheels
and the main wheels is10 meter. How far is the centre of gravity in front of the main wheels?
e 25cm
o 4 metres
e 41.6 ern
e 40cm tI
To get moment you need a datum, and since we're not given one we can choose one.
Let's choose the main wheels as the datum.
Main Wheels
=
Moment Weight x Arm
=
Moment (4 x 6,000 kg) x -Orn
=
Moment 24,000 kg x Om
=
Moment 0 kg/m
Nose Wheels
=
Moment Weight x Arm
=
Moment (2 x 500 kg) x ·1Om
Moment =1,000 kg x ·1Om
=
Moment ·10,000 kg/m
Centre of Gravity = Moment 1Total Mass

Centre of Gravity = ·10,000/25,000
Centre of Gravity = -O.4m = -40cm
A negative value is in front of the datum, i.e. in front of the main wheels.
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wheel load of 725 kg and a single main wheel load of 6000kg. The distance between the nose wheels
and the main wheels is10 meters. How far is the centre of gravity in front of the main wheels?
" 40em.
o 400em.
e 57 em.
o 25em.

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wheel load of 725 kg and a single main wheel load of 6000 kg. The distance between the nose wheels
and the main wheels is 10 meters. How far is the centre of gravity in front of the main wheels?
" 40cm.
e 400cm.
e 57cm. II
e 25cm.
Moment effect of nose gear =

10 x 1450 = 14500 kg/m
CG = Moment I Mass
CG = 14500 I 25450
CG = 0.57m (or 57cm)

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" The commander.
o The authority of the state of registration.
e The operator.
(;) The person compiling the weighing schedule.

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" The commander.
€) The authority of the state of registration.
e The operator. II
e The person compiling the weighing schedule.
Dry Operating Mass (DOM) is the total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation excluding
usable fuel and traffic load. The mass includes items such as:
i) Crew and crew baggage.
ii) Catering and removable passenger service equipment.
iii} Potable water and lavatory chemicals.
iv} Food and beverages.
Determination of the DOM lies with the operator. The aircraft is delivered at the BEM and then the operator
includes the masses of the crew and operational items to establish the DOM.
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" Station.
o Moment.
e MAC.
o Index.

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" Station. tI
e Moment.
e MAC.
o Index.
Station numbers are numbers designating the distance of station from the datum. They are used as part of
the build process.
Average Score: 100%
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o 367.9 inches.
€) 257 inches.
e 314.5 inches.
o 421.5 inches.

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Annex 031·008
Forward Cargo Compartment (Cargo Hold 1)
SA·in 228 286 343 500
Maximum Compartment Running Load 13.15 8.47 13.12

(kg per inch)
Maximum Distribution Load Intensity 68
(kg per ft2)
Maximum Compartment Load (kg) 762 483 2059
Compartment Centroid (SA· in) 257 314.5 421.5
Maximum Total Load (kg) 3305
Fwd Hold Centroid (SA· in) 367.9
Fwd Hold Volume (cu. ft) 607
Aft Cargo Compartment (Cargo Hold 4)
BA·IN 731 940 997 1096
Maximum Compartment Running Load 14.65 7.26 7.18

(kg per inch)
Maximum Distribution Load Intensity 68
(kg per ft2)
Maximum Compartment Load (kg) 3,062 414 711
Compartment Centroid (SA· in) 835.5 968.5 1,046.5
Maximum Total Load (kg) 4187
Aft Hold Centroid (SA· in) 884.5
Aft Hold Volume (cu. ftl 766
Figure 4.9 Cargo Compartment Limitations
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View Annex (310275)
" 367.9 inches. tI
o 257 inches.
e 314.5 inches.
(;) 421.5 inches.
o Previous Question Next Question ®
The centroid is that point within the hold where the CG is said to act.
Average Score: 50%

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o Can be allowed to move between defined limits
o Must be maintained in a fixed position by careful distribution of the load
e May only be moved if permitted by the regulating authority and endorsed in the
aeroplane's certificate of airworthiness
e Is in a fixed position and is unaffected by aeroplane loading
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BIT).,dQ'It'fOl~r-
Terms I ~ I~ I © 2013 Bnstol Groundschool Ltd Lower New Road, Cheddar, BS27 30Y.
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0.""0' •• NO _.'(""\
" Can be allowed to move between defined limits tI
e Must be maintained in a fixed position by careful distribution of the load
e May only be moved if permitted by the regulating authority and endorsed in the
aeroplane's certificate of airworthiness
o Is in a fixed position and is unaffected by aeroplane loading
o Previous Question Finish Assessment ®
The manufacturer establishes the forward and aft CG limits based upon the requirements for positive
longitudinal static stability at the certification stage.
The CG can move between these defined limits.
Average Score: 100%

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b 5 ,\P!

Dashboard Test yourself Flagged questions Analysis Help & Information

Assessment - Mass & Balance Finish ®

Question No. 1/23 Question 10: 310235 Flag Question ®

View Annex (31 0239)

o On the nose of the aeroplane.

€) At the leading edge of the Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC).

e 540 inches forward of the front spar.

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Balance Arm (INS)

Figure 4.1 Locations Diagram

Body Station Conversion Balance Arm - in

500A 348 + 22 in 370

540 to 727 B.S. + 0 in 540 to 727

727A 727 + 20 in 747

747 to 1217 B.S. + 148 in 895 to 1,365

Dashboard Test yourself Flaggedquestions Analysis Help & Information

Assessment - Mass & Balance Finish ®

Question No.1 123 Question 10: 310235 FlagQuestion ®

View Annex (310239)

o On the nose of the aeroplane.

o At the leading edge of the MeanAerodynamic Chord (MAC).

e 540 inches forward of the front spar. tI

(;) 540 ern forward of the front spar.

Assessment Statistics 0 Correct of 1 Score: 00/0

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Times Answered: 1 (Post to ATP Forum)

Figure 4.1 Locations Diagram

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Assessment - Mass & Balance Finish ®

Question No. 2/23 Question 10: 310239 Flag Question ®

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o Previous Question Skip Question ®

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Assessment - Mass & Balance Finish CB

Question No. 2/23 Question 10: 310239 Flag Question CB

View Annex (310266)

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Mass x Arm = Moment

%MAC = (1.26 1 4,13}x 100 = 27.5% MAC.

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Assessment - Mass & Balance Finish ®

Question No. 3/23 Question 10: 310240 Flag Question ®

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MAC length = 1706 - 524 = 1182mm

Assessment Statistics 0 Correct of 3 Score: 00/0

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Times Answered: 1 (Post to ATP Forum)

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Assessment - Mass & Balance Finish ®

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