First Aid

🚑 First aid is the care given immediately to an injured

victim, including self-help and home care

Objectives:

alleviate suffering

prevent further injury

prolong life

Roles & Responsibilities of a First Aid Guidelines &

First Aider Procedures

bridge the gap between check vitals signs

victim and physician (temperature, pulse rate,
respiration rate, blood
ensure safety of victim &
pressure)
bystanders
check ABC (airways,
gain access to victim
breathing, circulation)
determine any threats to then RICE (rest, ice,
patient’s life compress, elevate)
summon advanced medical ask for help
care as needed
secondary survey from
provide needed care for doctor
victims

record all findings & care

given

Bandages & dressing

First Aid 1
 triangular bandage cravat

supports fractures & folded triangular

dislocation, apply bandage into long
splint, form sling, narrow band used
make improvised
tourniquet

elastic bandage gauze dressing

stretchable bandage to sterile pad applied to

create localized a wound to promote
pressure healing & protect wound
from further harm

adhesive bandage square knot is used in

tying triangular bandages
small dressing for
minor injuries

Common Unintentional Injuries

wounds musculoskeletal injury

First Aid 2
 break in the skin or damage on muscular /
mucous lining of body skeletal system due to
strenuous activity
abrasion
sprain
scrape-type wounds
stretched or torn
incision
ligaments around
cuts made by sharp joints
object
signs and symptoms
laceration include pain,
tears in tissue by swelling, deformity,
blunt instrument skin discoloration,
inability to use
puncture
affected part
deep-piercing wound normally
made by pointed
first aid care: RICE
object
strain
avulsion
stretching or
forceful tearing of
pulling a muscle or
tissues from the
tendon beyond normal
body
capacity
first aid procedures:
first aid care:
clean affected area
place victim in
with soap & running
comfy position to
water while
take pressure off
encouraging the
strained muscles
wound to bleed
apply cold ice
dry with clean cloth
call emergency
cover wound w/
help
dressing
dislocation
if puncture, do not
attempt to remove separation of bone
the object because end from join or
that will cause more bone out of normal
blood loss position

First Aid 3
 proceed to the signs and symptoms
hospital include pain,
pressure on joint,
for severe bleeding:
loss of motion in
apply direct joint, deformity
pressure and
first aid:
elevation
immobilize, splint,
apply pressure on RICE, treat for
pressure points shock
in the body

tourniquet

fracture burn

broken bone skin is damaged by

burning

superficial burn

only epidermal
tissue is affected

erythema, blanching
on pressure, mild
first aid:
swelling
cover wound with
not serious unless
non-fluffy sterile
large areas involved
dressing
deep burn
apply pressure
around injury to involves epidermis &
control bleeding deep layer of dermis

carefully place fluid-filled

sterile wound vesicles that are
dressing or more red, shiny, wet, and
clean padding over & cause severe pain
around the dressing may require
put bandage securing hospitalization if
the dressing ~25% of body surface
affected

First Aid 4
 immobilize injured full thickness burn
part & arrange
destruction of all
transportation
skin layers
treat for shock & do
requires immediate
not raise injury &
hospitalization
monitor vital signs
dry, waxy, white,
Heat Emergencies
leathery or hard
injuries caused by high skin and no pain
temperature & humidity
caused by exposure
from exposure to hot
to flames,
weather
electricity, or
heat cramps chemicals

muscle spasms caused by first aid:

loss of electrolytes
lay down victim &
during too much
prevent burnt part
sweating
from contact
first aid
cool injury by
rest & give drink flooding w/ cold
for 15 mins water until pain is
relieved
apply moist towel to
forehead & cramping monitor for signs of
muscles breathing difficulty

gently stretch do not touch injured

cramped muscles part & carefully
remove accessories &
avoid victim from
burnt clothing
forcing action for
~12 hours do not remove
clothes that stuck
heat exhaustion
to the burn
excessive loss of water
cover the injured
& salt from sweating
area
marked by cool, clammy
bring patient to
skin & weak & rapid
hospital
pulse

First Aid 5
 first aid:

move victim to cool Transporting the victim

shade
principles include to
remove tight help, hold with palm and
clothing or safe grip, posture with
accessories straight back & bent
knees, hold the victim
lightly fan victim
close to your body, have
lie down w/ feet unison movement if with a
raised to 8-12 in partner, & inform the
give drink & monitor victim of your movements
temperature one-man carry
call emergency

heat stroke

life-threatening
emergency caused by
failure to regulate
body temperature

denoted by extreme
fever, hot & dry or
moist skin, delirium,
coma

first aid:

move victim to cool

shade

establish airway &

remove tight
clothing

pour or spray cool

water & vigorously
two-person carry
fan

when body cools down

and seizure &
vomiting occurs,

First Aid 6
 position the victim
to lie side down for
easy drainage

monitor the
temperature of the
victim until
emergency responders
arrive

three-man carry

First Aid 7