Australian Standard: Cranes, Hoists and Winches Part 8: Special Purpose Appliances

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AS 1418.8—2008
Australian Standard®
Cranes, hoists and winches
Part 8: Special purpose appliances

AS 1418.8—2008
This Australian Standard® was prepared by Committee ME-005, Cranes. It was approved on
behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 14 August 2008.
This Standard was published on 14 November 2008.
The following are represented on Committee ME-005:
• Association of Consulting Engineers Australia

• Australian Industry Group
• Australian Institute for Non-destructive Testing
• Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
• Construction and Mining Equipment Association of Australia
• Crane Industry Council of Australia
• Department for Administrative and Information Services (South Australia)
• Department of Consumer and Employment Protection, WorkSafe Division (WA)
• Department of Industrial Relations (Qld)
• Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources (Tasmania)
• Department of Labour New Zealand
• Institution of Engineers Australia
• State Chamber of Commerce
• Victorian WorkCover Authority
• WorkCover New South Wales
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 06392.
Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that
contributed to the development of this Standard through their representation on the
Committee and through the public comment period.
Keeping Standards up-to-date

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Detailed information about Australian Standards, drafts, amendments and new projects can
be found by visiting www.standards.org.au
Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to

notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at
mail@standards.org.au, or write to Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001.
AS 1418.8—2008
Australian Standard®

Originated as AS 1418.8—1989.
Third edition 2008.
COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 8947 1
AS 1418.8—2008 2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Australian members of the Joint
Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee ME-005, Cranes, to supersede
AS 1418.8—2002.
The objective of this Standard is to provide requirements for special purpose appliances for
reference by manufacturers, suppliers, users and regulators.
The term ‘informative’ has been used in this Standard to define the application of the
appendix to which it applies. An ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and
guidance.
3 AS 1418.8—2008
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES .................................................................................... 5
1.3 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 6
1.4 EXPRESSION OF PERFORMANCE ......................................................................... 6
1.5 NEW DESIGNS OR INNOVATIONS ........................................................................ 6
SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN

2.1 DESIGN ...................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 COMPONENTS .......................................................................................................... 9
2.3 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS....................................................... 9
2.4 PNEUMATIC EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS........................................................ 9
2.5 HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS........................................................ 9
2.6 TESTING .................................................................................................................... 9
2.7 MARKING ................................................................................................................ 10
2.8 TEST RECORDS ...................................................................................................... 10
2.9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS MANUALS..................... 10
SECTION 3 GENERAL PLATFORM HOISTS

3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION ............................................................................................... 11
3.2 TYPES....................................................................................................................... 11
3.3 LOAD RATING ........................................................................................................ 11
3.4 LOADS...................................................................................................................... 11
3.5 LOAD COMBINATIONS ......................................................................................... 12
3.6 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................ 12
3.7 MARKING ................................................................................................................ 19
3.8 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ..................................................................... 20
SECTION 4 TIP TRUCK HOISTING SYSTEMS

4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION ............................................................................................... 21
4.2 TYPES....................................................................................................................... 21
4.3 LOAD COMBINATIONS ......................................................................................... 21
4.4 BASIS OF DESIGN .................................................................................................. 22
4.5 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ............................................................................................... 23
4.6 COMPONENTS ........................................................................................................ 23
4.7 MARKING ................................................................................................................ 23
SECTION 5 REQUIREMENTS FOR EARTHMOVING EQUIPMENT

5.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 25
5.2 DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................................... 25
5.3 RATED CAPACITY ................................................................................................. 29
5.4 DESIGN .................................................................................................................... 30
5.5 STABILITY .............................................................................................................. 31
5.6 RATED HYDRAULIC CAPACITY ......................................................................... 31
5.7 TESTING .................................................................................................................. 32
5.8 QUICKHITCHES...................................................................................................... 33
5.9 MARKING ................................................................................................................ 33
AS 1418.8—2008 4
SECTION 6 SIDE-BOOM PIPELAYERS

6.1 SCOPE OF SECTION ............................................................................................... 35
6.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 35
6.3 LOAD RATINGS ...................................................................................................... 35
6.4 LUFFING MECHANISM ......................................................................................... 37
6.5 HOISTING MECHANISM........................................................................................ 38
6.6 ADJUSTMENTS ....................................................................................................... 39
6.7 DIMENSIONS........................................................................................................... 39
6.8 ROPES ...................................................................................................................... 40
6.9 SHEAVE SIZES ........................................................................................................ 40
6.10 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ..................................................................... 40
6.11 MARKING ................................................................................................................ 41
APPENDICES
A COMMISSIONING INSPECTION ........................................................................... 42
B LIST OF TYPICAL HAZARDS FOR PLATFORM HOISTS ................................... 43
C TYPICAL RATED CAPACITY CHART TYPES FOR
EARTHMOVING EQUIPMENT .............................................................................. 45
BIBILOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................... 49
5 AS 1418.8—2008
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
SE CT ION 1 SCOPE AND GE NE RA L
1.1 SCOPE
This Standard specifies requirements for appliances used for the hoisting of materials or
materials and personnel involved in lifting the materials that are not covered by other parts
of AS 1418. It is complementary to AS 1418.1 but requirements given herein take
precedence over corresponding requirements in AS 1418.1.
NOTES:
1 General guidance on the safe use of the appliances covered by this Standard is given in
AS 2550.1.
2 Requirements for appliances intended to support work platforms are given in AS 1418.10.
1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

The following documents are indispensable to the application of this Standard:
NOTE: Documents referenced for informative purposes are listed in the Bibliography.
AS
1000 The international system of units (SI) and its application
1101 Graphic symbols for general engineering
1101.1 Part 1: Hydraulic and pneumatic systems
1210 Pressure vessels
1418 Cranes, hoists and winches (all parts)
1657 Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders—Design, construction and
installation
1735 Lift, escalators and moving walks (all parts)
2549 Cranes (including hoists and winches)—Glossary of terms
2550 Cranes, hoist and winches—Safe use
2550.1 Part 1: General requirements
2752 Preferred numbers and their use
4024 Safety of machinery (series)
4772 Earth-moving machinery—Quickhitches for excavators and backhoe loaders
AS ISO
1000 The international system of units (SI) and its application
ISO
7000 Graphical symbols for use on equipment—Index and synopsis
8643 Earth-moving machinery—Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader boom-
lowering control device—Requirements and tests
www.standards.org.au  Standards Australia

AS 1418.8—2008 6
ISO
10567 Earth-moving machinery—Hydraulic excavators—Lift capacity
EN
60204 Safety of machinery—Electrical equipment of machines
60204-1 Part 1: General requirements
VSB6 National Code of Practice for Heavy Vehicle Modifications
1.3 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS 2549 and those below apply.
1.3.1 Platform hoist
A fixed hoist, fitted with a platform, intended to serve two levels that raise and lower in the
vertical plane, but does not include hoists covered by other parts of AS 1418, and
wheelchair lifts and other lifts covered by the AS 1735 series.
NOTE: Platforms hoists are intended to primarily lift loads and may accommodate personnel for
the purposes of attending the loads.
1.3.2 Side-boom pipelayer (SBP)
A crane, intended for use in on-site pipelaying operations, comprised of a wheeled or
crawler type vehicle or similar unit to the side of which is attached a boom, which may
pivot about its connection to the host frame. A hoisting mechanism is attached to raise and
lower both boom and lifted loads.

1.3.3 Tool carrier
A wheeled loader with a fixed-length loader arm, usually incorporating a quick coupler, to
which can be fitted a variety of attachments.
NOTE: A telescopic handler is not a tool carrier, although they are sometimes called this.
1.4 EXPRESSION OF PERFORMANCE

1.4.1 Load rating of appliance
The rated capacity (hoisting) shall be expressed either in tonnes, or for values less than 1 t,
in kilograms.
1.4.2 Range of hoisting
The nominal range of hoisting expressed in metres.
1.4.3 Working velocities
For power-operated appliances, the nominal working velocities shall be expressed in metres
per second.
1.5 NEW DESIGNS OR INNOVATIONS

This Standard does not preclude the use of designs, material, methods of assembly,
procedures and the like, which do not comply with a specific requirement of this Standard,
or are not mentioned in it, but which can be shown to give equivalent or superior results to
those specified. Where there is a variation from the specifications in this Standard, the
variation shall be identified and the means used to ensure an equivalent or superior level of
safety and performance shall be proven by calculation or testing, or a combination of
calculation and testing.
 Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

7 AS 1418.8—2008
SE C T ION 2 GE NE R A L R E QU IR E ME NT S F OR
DE S IG N
2.1 DESIGN
2.1.1 Basis of design
2.1.1.1 General
The structural and mechanical design, including assessment of loading, material selection
and limitations of stress, deflection and fatigue loading, shall be carried out in accordance
with AS 1418.1 and shall take into consideration the loads and load combinations specified
in the appropriate section of this Standard.
2.1.1.2 Risk assessment
A risk assessment shall be undertaken before completing the design and manufacture of the
appliance and the attachments that can be fitted to it. The risk assessment shall take into
account the structural and operational requirements the appliance is being designed for. The
assessment shall be in writing.
2.1.1.3 Mechanisms
The design of the appliance mechanisms shall comply with the requirements of AS 1418.1
for appliance mechanisms, on the following basis:

(a) Manually operated—strength basis only.
(b) Power-operated—
(i) strength basis; and
(ii) life (fatigue or wear, or both).
2.1.1.4 Design for strength
The design for strength of the appliance shall comply with the requirements of—
(a) AS 1418.1 for appliance loads; and
NOTE: For manually operated mechanisms, the design may be based on static loading, that is,
the dynamic factors specified in AS 1418.1 need not be applied.
(b) AS 1418.1 for appliance mechanisms, provided they are capable of withstanding tests
in accordance with Clause 2.6.3 (for manually operated appliances) and Clause 2.6.4
(for power-operated appliances).
2.1.1.5 Design for life
The mechanism of a power-operated appliance shall be designed for a minimum life of
10 years, which shall be determined by the operating time and the load condition applied
during that operating time.
2.1.1.6 Lubrication
Unless materials with inherent lubricating properties are used, the design of the appliance
shall ensure that all moving parts can be effectively lubricated.
2.1.2 Manual operating effort
The operating effort necessary to handle the rated capacity of a manually operated
appliance shall be not greater than the appropriate value given in Table 2.1.2. In applying
Table 2.1.2, cognizance shall be taken of the frequency of use and associated ergonomic
issues. For drum type appliances, the design working load shall include the maximum mass
of rope that is capable of being wound on the drum.

AS 1418.8—2008 8
Crank handles shall have an operating radius not greater than 400 mm.
TABLE 2.1.2
MANUAL OPERATING EFFORT
Maximum manual
Type of operating
operating effort
mechanism
N
Crank handle 250
Endless chain 500
Lever, horizontally operated 300
Lever, vertically operated 400
2.1.3 Classification of appliance

The classification of the appliance shall be in accordance with the requirements of
AS 1418.1, and the guidance on selection provided in the relevant appendix therein, except
that the number of operating cycles shall be determined by consideration of typical
applications for a nominal life of 10 years.
NOTES:
1 Model type appliances generally have a group classification based on load condition 0. For
more arduous applications, a higher group classification and load condition requiring fatigue
analysis may be necessary.

2 Guidance on selection is given in AS 1418.l for typical crane application classification.
3 The structural design life specified in AS 2550.1 is quoted as 25 years. This Standard
nominates a 10 year design life.
2.1.4 Deflection
Deflections shall be limited so as to maintain the structural and service integrity of the
appliance. Consideration shall be given to deflections under all conditions of loading that
result in—
(a) lateral movement of the platform or guides;
(b) stress fluctuations in appliance structure connections;
(c) misalignment of or interference between parts of the appliance; and
(d) cyclic vibration and related movements.
NOTE: For guidance, refer to AS 3990 or AS 4100.
2.1.5 Braking mechanism
The braking mechanism shall incorporate a brake to safely control the vertical movement of
the load and to bring it to rest. Where the mechanism is of the positive-drive type, the brake
shall apply automatically when the power source to the driving mechanism is de-energized.
Where failure of a coupling would render the braking systems (including safety brake)
ineffective, the brake shall be located on the load side of the coupling.
2.1.6 Drive isolation
Means shall be provided to isolate each drive, whether electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic or
mechanical, to prevent operation by unauthorized personnel.
2.1.7 Guardrailings
Where required, guardrailings shall comply with relevant requirements of AS 1657.

9 AS 1418.8—2008
2.2 COMPONENTS
2.2.1 General
Critical fastenings and elements used to connect and assemble components and parts shall
be designed and fitted so as to prevent, by positive means, the development of slackness,
which may cause displacement.
NOTE: For the purpose of this Clause ‘critical’ is intended to mean a condition of reduced safety
created by the consequent loss in controllability of motion or load, or abnormal wear in
load-sustaining parts.
2.2.2 Steel wire rope and chains
The design factor on steel wire ropes shall be not less than 5 and on chains shall be not less
than 6. For platforms intended to support personnel, the design factor shall be not less than
10.
2.3 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS

Electrical equipment and controls that are incorporated in appliances shall comply with the
relevant requirements of AS 1418.1 and, where applicable, specific requirements
appropriate to particular types of appliances specified in this Standard.
2.4 PNEUMATIC EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS

Pneumatic equipment and controls that are incorporated in appliances shall comply with the

2.5 HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS

Hydraulic equipment and controls that are incorporated in appliances shall comply with the
2.6 TESTING
2.6.1 General
The quality of design of each type model shall be verified by a type test (see Clause 2.6.2).
The type test shall be conducted on one or more production units.
2.6.2 Type test
Each type model of appliance shall be subjected to the tests prescribed in Clause 2.6.3 for
manually operated appliances or Clause 2.6.4 for power-operated appliances.
Manually operated appliances that have been subjected to type tests shall not be used or
offered for use.
2.6.3 Type tests for manually operated appliances
Manually operated appliances shall be subjected to the following tests:
(a) A test load equal to the rated capacity shall be applied to the appliance and shall be
hoisted, in a manner similar to that used in normal practice, through the full range of
hoisting including the functioning of all operational and safety devices.
An appliance shall be considered to have passed this test, if it hoists, arrests, and
sustains the various test loads in any working position within the range of hoisting
without visible or measurable permanent distortion.

AS 1418.8—2008 10
(b) A test load equal to twice the maximum rated capacity shall be applied to the
appliance and shall be hoisted through a distance sufficient to rotate the slowest
moving part through not less than one complete revolution, without any part or
component of the appliance showing signs of permanent distortion or the appliance
becoming inoperative.
2.6.4 Type test for power-operated appliance
Power-operated appliances shall be subjected to a test load equal to 1.25 times the rated
capacity. The test load shall be operated through the range of hoisting.
An appliance shall be considered to have passed this test if it hoists, arrests, and sustains
the various test loads in any working position within the range of hoisting without visible or
measurable permanent distortion.
2.6.5 Operational test
Every appliance shall have applied to it a test load equal to the rated capacity. The test load
shall be operated through the range of hoisting. This test shall include the functioning of all
operational and safety devices of the appliance.
NOTES:
1 For large appliances, this test may take the form of a commissioning test.
2 Guidance for commissioning inspections for platform hoists and tip trucks is given in
Appendix A.
2.7 MARKING
The marking of each type of appliance shall be as specified in the appropriate section of
this Standard.
Marking shall be in the English language, and values shall be in SI units, in accordance
with AS ISO 1000.
2.8 TEST RECORDS

Test records shall be maintained and shall include the following information about each
appliance:
(a) Type model identification.
(b) Serial number.
(c) Description.
(i) Classification of appliance.
(ii) Classification of mechanism of appliance, where powered.
(d) Rated capacity hoisting.
(e) Test load applied.
(f) The name and address of the manufacturer, the name and status of the signatory, and
the date of issue of the records.
2.9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS MANUALS

Operation and maintenance instruction manuals shall be provided and shall be in
accordance with AS 1418.1.

11 AS 1418.8—2008
SE CT ION 3 GE NE RA L P L AT F ORM HO IST S
3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION

Together with Sections 1 and 2, this Section specifies requirements for platform hoists. It is
complementary to Sections 1 and 2 of this Standard but requirements given herein take
precedence over any corresponding requirements in those Sections.
NOTE: Examples of typical hazards associated with hoists are listed in Appendix B.
3.2 TYPES
Platform hoists shall include—
(a) tailgate hoists;
(b) guided platform hoists laterally restrained by guides;
(c) unguided platform hoists with the lateral restraint provided by the hoist structure; and
(d) platform hoists, guided or unguided, fully enclosed within a shaft, serving two fixed
levels.
Platform hoists shall not include wheelchair lifts or lifts intended to be used by the public.
3.3 LOAD RATING

Each platform hoist shall be rated in terms of—
(a) classification (see Clause 2.1.3);
(b) rated capacity, in kilograms or tonnes and, where personnel are permitted to ride on
the platform, the number of personnel; and
(c) for power-operated hoists, hoisting velocity (raising and lowering), in metres per
second.
3.4 LOADS
3.4.1 Rated capacity
The rated capacity shall be the maximum mass that may be raised and lowered by the
platform hoist, as appropriate, and for which the platform hoist is designed.
Where personnel are permitted to ride on or access the platform, the rated capacity shall
include an allowance of 110 kg per person and a minimum of 40 kg for equipment above
the stated rated capacity for the goods.
3.4.2 Gravitational loads
Gravitational loads shall be the gravitational forces due to each part of the platform hoist,
supporting structure and other similar forces applied to the platform hoist or part of
platform hoist under consideration.
3.4.3 Inertial loads
Inertial loads shall be the inertial forces due to the acceleration or deceleration of moving
parts of the platform hoist and its load. Inertia forces shall be determined in accordance
with the relevant requirements of AS 1418.1.
3.4.4 Additional loads
Forces arising from wind pressure acting on the hoist, thermal effects and other incidental
loadings shall be determined in accordance with the relevant requirements in AS 1418.1.

AS 1418.8—2008 12
3.5 LOAD COMBINATIONS

The platform hoist and platform hoist-supporting structure shall be designed to withstand
the application of the vector combination of the loadings specified in Table 3.5 which
produce the highest stress condition in the part of the platform hoist or platform hoist-
supporting structure under consideration.
TABLE 3.5
COMBINATIONS AND VALUES OF LOADINGS
Loading values
Description of Load In-service
Load type
load symbol Out-of-service
Without With
wind wind
1 2 3 4
Dead load P GS P GS P GS P GS P GS
Principal load
Hoisted load PD ψPD 0.9ψPD — —
Wind forces—In-
PIW — 0.9PIW — —
service wind load
Additional loads Wind forces—
Out-of-service P OW — — 0.9POW —
wind load
Erection and
commissioning Px — — — 0.75PX
Special loads forces
1 +ψ
Testing forces PTG — — — × PTG
2
NOTES:
1 ψ is the hoisting factor (see AS 1418.1).
2 General load combinations are tabulated in AS 1418.1.
3.6 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

3.6.1 Platform
3.6.1.1 Floor loading
The platform hoist shall be designed to withstand each of the following loadings separately
(including inertial effects):
(a) The gravitational effect of the rated load of the platform hoist uniformly distributed
over each half of the floor area (i.e., front half, rear half, side halves).
Where a tailgate platform is enlarged to enable the tailgate to close off the opening in
the body of a vehicle, the ‘No load zone area’ on the tailgate shall be determined and
clearly marked and maintained.
The floor area as defined in this Clause shall equal the ‘Total platform floor area’ less
the ‘No load zone area’ but not be less than or 65% of the ‘Total platform floor area’.
The ‘No load zone area’ shall be capable of supporting personnel in accordance with
Clause 3.4.1.
(b) The gravitational effect of the largest concentrated load which the platform hoist is
intended to handle but not less than 1500 N.

13 AS 1418.8—2008
3.6.1.2 Platform-sill loading

The platform sill shall be designed to withstand each of the following loadings separately
(ignoring inertial effects):
(a) The gravitational effect of 25% of the rated load of the platform hoist concentrated at
the centre of the sill.
(b) The gravitational effect of the largest concentrated load which the platform hoist is
intended to handle but not less than 1500 N.
3.6.1.3 Clearance around platform
The maximum clearances at landing sills shall be 30 mm.
NOTE: A flap may be required at landing sills (e.g. where trolleys or pallet lifters are used).
Where the sides of the platform in a shaft are not enclosed (e.g. by a wire mesh or solid
panel), the clearances between the platform and the enclosure shall be a maximum of
20 mm and the walls of the shaft shall be relatively smooth and free of sharp edges which
could snag the load during movement of the platform.
3.6.1.4 Limitation of tilt and sway
The platform shall not tilt more than 2° from the horizontal under the most severe loading
condition. Stops shall be provided, where necessary, to keep wheeled loads stable on the
platform.
The hoist base shall be anchored in a permanent manner and any horizontal swaying of the
platform shall be limited to an amplitude of 1% of the extended height.
3.6.2 Drive mechanism
3.6.2.1 General
The velocity of a platform hoist in both directions shall not exceed 0.1 m/s and shall be
fitted with an audible and visual alarm for warning persons during the lowering operation,
except where one of the following conditions apply:
(a) The platform is fitted with a non-flexible skirt or apron, in which case the velocity
shall not exceed 0.17 m/s where personnel may ride the platform hoist, or 0.4 m/s for
platform hoists not designed to accommodate persons during the hoisting operation.
(b) The platform is enclosed in a well or enclosure, in which case the velocity shall not
exceed 0.17 m/s where personnel may ride the platform hoist, or 0.4 m/s for platform
hoists not designed to accommodate persons during the hoisting operation.
3.6.2.2 Rope-reeving system
Platform hoists supported by a rope-reeving system shall comply with the following
minimum requirements:
(a) The rope-reeving system of each platform hoist-driving mechanism shall comply with
AS 1418.1.
(b) The rope diameter shall be not less than 8 mm.
(c) Except where the rope is attached to a drum, rope terminations shall be effected by
hand splicing, a swaged ferrule or wedge-type socket.
(d) Bulldog grips or metalled sockets shall not be used to terminate hoist ropes.
(e) Means shall be provided to automatically sustain the platform and load at the upper
level independent of the hoisting medium. The lower operating level shall be limited
by fixed stops.

AS 1418.8—2008 14
(f) A device or system shall be fitted so that the platform is sustained in the event of
failure of the wire rope. Where this is achieved by the fitment of a second wire rope
system, an equaliser shall be installed to provide approximately equal tension in each
rope – thus doubling the working coefficient. A device requiring manual rest shall be
provided to prevent continued operation of the hoist in the event of slack developing
in any rope on the load side.
Where this is achieved by the use of a braking device, it shall comply with the
applicable requirements for safety gear in AS 1735.2.
3.6.2.3 Chain drive system
Platform hoists supported by chains shall comply with the following minimum
requirements:
(a) Round link chain shall not be used. Only graded chain that conforms to AS 1418.2
shall be used.
(b) Means shall be provided that automatically sustain the platform and load at the upper
levels independent of the hoisting mechanism. The lower operating level shall be
limited by fixed stops.
(c) A device or system shall be fitted so that the platform is sustained in the event of
failure of the chain. Where this is achieved by a second chain system, an equalizer
shall be installed to provide approximately equal tension in each chain, thus doubling
the working coefficient.
Where this is achieved by the use of a braking device, it shall comply with the
applicable requirements for safety gear in AS 1735.2.
(d) If more than one chain is attached at a point, a system shall be provided to equalize
the tension in each chain. A device that requires manual reset shall be provided to
prevent continued operation of the hoist in the event of slack developing in any chain
on the load side.
(e) Provision shall be made to enable chains to be retensioned.
3.6.2.4 Screw drive system
Platform hoists that are supported by a screw drive system shall be provided with a drive
and a safety nut system.
3.6.3 Controls
The controls of a platform hoist shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) Operating buttons or levers shall be of constant pressure and return to the neutral
position except for automatic or semi-automatic operation where the requirements of
Clause 3.6.8 shall apply, or for hoisting personnel where the requirements of
Clause 3.6.9 or 3.6.10 shall apply.
(b) The controls shall be clearly designated and placed so that unintentional operation is
prevented.
NOTE: Where control stations are to be installed at more than one level, they should have a
master control that is to be actuated before a control becomes operable and which renders
control from the other station inoperable or suitable safety interlocking in accordance with
AS 4024.
(c) Where an operator may ride on the hoist, a control station shall be located in a safe
and accessible position on the platform providing the operator with full control of the
hoist including emergency functions, if required. To minimize electrical hazards, all
controls on the hoist shall be maximum 32 V d.c.
(d) All controls and interlocks shall operate in a fail-to-safe manner.

15 AS 1418.8—2008
(e) Except for tailgate loaders powered by d.c. hydraulic power pack and controlled by a
pendant that conforms to EN 60204-1, an emergency stop shall be fitted at each
control station whether external to the platform or on the platform.
(f) A keyed lockable isolator shall be provided to prevent unauthorized use.
(g) Means shall be provided to prevent overrun of the platform in the fully raised and
lowered positions. Where this is achieved by limits they shall comply with AS 1418.1
and a working and final limit arranged to be both electrically and mechanically
independent shall be fitted to the raise motion. Where the drive mechanism is
hydraulic, overrun may be prevented by mechanical stops fitted directly to the drive
mechanism.
(h) Where hoists are required to be serviced in a raised position, a device, independent of
the hoist mechanism, shall be provided to retain the platform in the raised position.
The device shall be provided with the hoist, and shall be accompanied by instructions
fitted in a location on the hoist adjacent to the access area. The device shall be
designed for easy placement and be secured against dislodgement when in use, and
shall be stored adjacent to or on the hoist, and suitably identified and labelled.
(i) When the platform hoist is not in use, except for a fully skirted or aproned platform
hoist or one within an enclosure, every platform hoist shall be positioned at the
lowest level served and locked in the ‘OFF’ position on completion of use. A notice,
stating this requirement, shall be prominently displayed at the platform hoist.
(j) Roving pendants shall not exceed 32 V d.c and incorporate an anti-tug feature that
prevents the cord from being inadvertently pulled out.
(k) The electrical installation shall have a main isolator (in compliance with AS 1418.1)
located adjacent to the platform hoist.
(l) Electric motors located beneath a platform hoist shall have an adjacent isolator.
(m) Where there are switches or equipment beneath the hoist requiring maintenance and
access is from beneath the platform, there shall be a minimum clearance of 600 mm
between the bottom of the cage and the pit floor when the cage is at its lowest landing
(n) The control circuit wiring shall be arranged and electrically protected so that in the
event of an earth fault the platform hoist will become inoperative.
NOTE: For a platform hoist operating from a pit with an electric motor incorporating a power
pack, the assembly should be located above the level of the pit.
3.6.4 Pneumatic equipment and controls
The pneumatic equipment and controls for a platform hoist shall comply with Clause 2.4
and the following requirements:
(a) Pneumatic motions shall be fitted with a device designed to restrict the down velocity
to a maximum 0.1 m/s in the event of any failure of the pneumatic system.
(b) A device shall be fitted directly to the pneumatic cylinder port to automatically
prevent the hoist from lowering in the event of a pneumatic hose rupture.
(c) The hoist shall have a relief valve fitted. The relief valve shall automatically bypass
the operating air at a maximum 10% above working pressure.
(d) Pneumatic equipment that is not required to be accessed by operators during normal
operations or emergency situations shall be secured to prevent unauthorised access.
(e) Hoses shall be installed to avoid sharp bends, chafing or trapping by moving parts.

AS 1418.8—2008 16
3.6.5 Hydraulic equipment and controls

The hydraulic equipment and controls for a platform hoist shall comply with Clause 2.5 and
the following requirements:
(a) Hydraulic motions shall be fitted with a device to restrict the down velocity to a
maximum 0.1 m/s in the event of any failure of the hydraulic control or valve system
or loss of power supply.
Where the platform is intended to support personnel the device shall prevent
lowering.
(b) A device shall be fitted directly connected to the hydraulic cylinder port to
automatically prevent the hoist from lowering in the event of a hydraulic hose
rupture.
(c) The hoist shall have a relief valve fitted. The relief valve shall automatically bypass
the operating fluid at a maximum 10% above working pressure.
(d) All hydraulic equipment that is not required to be accessed by operators during
normal operations or emergency situations shall be secured to prevent unauthorised
access.
(e) Hoses shall be installed to avoid sharp bends, chafing or trapping by moving parts.
3.6.6 Guarding
3.6.6.1 General
Guarding shall be provided and shall be any or a combination of the types as set out in
Table 3.6.6.1.
Where platform hoists are intended to carry personnel, guarding shall comply with the
requirements of AS 4024.
TABLE 3.6.6.1
GUARDING
Full
Full metal Buffer Fencing with interlocking gates
Type of installation flexible
skirt switch or doors at each fixed level
skirt
Open platform hoist other Not Yes Yes Yes
than in a pit or shaft applicable
Open platform hoist in a Yes Yes Yes Yes
pit with clearance up to with flaps
30 mm all round
Open platform hoist in a Yes Yes Yes Yes
pit with clearance of with flaps with flaps with flaps
75 mm to 150 mm all
round
Platform hoist in an Not Not Not Yes

enclosed shaft Applicable Applicable Applicable
3.6.6.2 Gates or doors

Gates or doors shall be mechanically and electrically interlocked, such that they are not able
to be opened when the platform is not positioned at the corresponding floor level and the
hoist shall not be operable unless all gates or doors are fully closed and locked.
At the upper level, the doors or gates shall not be able to be opened unless the platform is
sustained by the hydraulic system or an independent platform locking device or both.

17 AS 1418.8—2008
Doors shall have a minimum clear opening height of 2.0 m and may be manually opened
swing or slide doors, or power-operated roller or panel lift doors, or similar. Means shall be
provided to prevent exposure to shear points that may injure personnel.
NOTE: For example, mesh may not be suitable to prevent persons from inserting a finger and
creating a shear hazard.
Doors shall be of sufficient strength so as to prevent personnel from accidentally forcing
them into contact with the shaft wall or exposing the shaft.
If gates are used they shall be positioned to ensure that there are no potential shear points
that may injure personnel.
3.6.6.3 Fixed level operation
Where the hoist is serving two fixed levels the following requirements shall apply:
(a) The platform hoist shall be fully enclosed within a shaft with interlocked full height
and width doors to ensure there are no shear points or access to the shaft while the
hoist is operating. All access doors to the shaft shall be interlocked with the operation
of the hoist.
(b) All doors at each level shall be fully interlocked to the operation of the hoist in the
following manner:
(i) The hoist shall not operate unless all doors at all levels are fully closed.
(ii) Doors shall not be capable of being opened while the hoist is not at that level.
(c) The controls at each level shall provide an indication when the hoist is in use and at
which level the platform is positioned.
(d) The control system of the hoist shall be capable of positioning and holding its
platform within ±5 mm of each floor level serviced.
(e) The hoist shall be fitted with an automatic audiovisual alarm and shall cease
operation if for any reason the platform inadvertently lowers away from a level by
more than 25 mm while the landing door is open.
3.6.7 Automatic or semi-automatic operation of a platform hoist
Where a platform hoist is to be operated automatically or semi-automatically, the following
requirements shall apply:
(a) The platform hoist shall be enclosed at each level within fencing and interlocked
gates at least 2.1 m high or fully enclosed within a shaft and interlocked doors. The
enclosure shall be of a design to ensure there are no shear points or potential for
access to the shaft while the hoist is operating. All access doors to the shaft shall be
interlocked with the operation of the hoist.
(b) Operation shall be from outside of the enclosure only, unless the hoist is intended to
be operated by a person riding on the platform in which case controls shall comply
with Clauses 3.6.8 or 3.6.9.
(c) A manual reset emergency stop button shall be provided at each control position.
3.6.8 Platform hoists carrying a load and personnel between floors
Where a hoist is intended to carry loads and personnel between floors the following
requirements shall apply:
(a) The platform hoist shall be enclosed at each level within fencing and interlocked
gates at least 2.1 m high or fully enclosed within a shaft with interlocked landing
doors to ensure there are no shear points or access to the shaft while the hoist is
operating. All access doors to the shaft shall be interlocked with the operation of the
hoist.

AS 1418.8—2008 18
(b) The platform shall be fitted with walls and an interlocked door, or other suitable
means such as a light curtain, to protect the operator from the mechanism and the
movement of the hoist within the shaft. The minimum height of the walls shall be
2.1 m and a roof shall be fitted in either mesh or solid material.
(c) Means shall be provided to lower the platform in a controlled manner to the lower
level and to exit the hoist at that level to enable safe emergency egress for the
operator in the event of an emergency or power failure. If necessary to facilitate safe
egress, an emergency power supply may be provided.
Portable ladders shall not be provided as a means to facilitate emergency egress in the
event of failure of the power supply.
Detailed instructions relating to emergency retrieval shall be provided adjacent to the
controls.
(d) Wire rope hoists shall comply with the requirements for hoisting personnel specified
in AS 1418.1.
(e) Lighting and emergency lighting shall be provided.
(f) The hoist shall be prominently marked at the entrance to the platform with the
following:
′AUTHORIZED OPERATORS ONLY′.
(g) A key system or similar security access type system shall be fitted to the controls to
ensure that only authorized operators will operate the hoist.

(h) A permanent means of communication shall be provided on the platform to enable the
operator to communicate externally to the hoist for assistance in the event of a
breakdown or emergency.
(i) Normal operation of the internal controls on the platform shall always take priority
over the external controls at any level.
(j) Sensing devices interlocked to the operation of the hoist shall be fitted to prevent
operation of the hoist if the load is not correctly placed within the confines of the
platform.
NOTE: Loads may include a wide variety of goods or materials, restrained or unrestrained
and may include vehicles.
3.6.9 Open platform hoists carrying a load and personnel
Where a hoist is intended to carry loads and personnel other than between floors the
following requirements shall apply:
(a) Personnel occupying the platform shall be protected at all times from all potential
harm from the mechanism, the movement of the hoist past other elements and, if
applicable, the conveying of the load. Guarding shall meet the requirements of
AS 4024.
(b) Where access and egress is provided at a level other than the lowest level, means
shall be provided to automatically sustain the platform and load independent of the
hoisting mechanism.
(c) Means shall be provided to lower the platform in a controlled manner to the lower
level to enable safe emergency egress for the operator in the event of an emergency or
power failure. If necessary, to facilitate safe egress, an emergency power supply shall
be provided.
NOTE: Portable ladders shall not be provided as a means to facilitate emergency egress in the
event of failure of the power supply.

19 AS 1418.8—2008
(d) Detailed instructions relating to emergency retrieval shall be provided adjacent to the
controls.
(e) Wire rope hoists shall comply with the requirements for hoisting personnel specified
in AS 1418.1.
(f) Handrailing and gates shall comply with the requirements of AS 1657.
(g) The minimum clearance above the platform shall be 2.1 m.
(h) The hoist shall be prominently marked at the entrance to the platform with the
following
‘AUTHORIZED OPERATORS ONLY’.
(i) A key system or similar security access type system shall be fitted to the controls to
help ensure that only authorized operators will operate the hoist.
(j) Sensing devices interlocked to the operation of the hoist shall be fitted to prevent
operation of the hoist if the load is not correctly placed within the confines of the
platform.
NOTE: Loads may include a wide variety of goods or materials, restrained or unrestrained
and may include vehicles.
3.6.10 Drainage
Where required, effective drainage of the platform hoist and, where applicable, the
associated pit shall be provided.
3.7 MARKING
The platform hoist shall display at a readily accessible and prominent location, and on
permanent and legible notices, the following information, as appropriate:
(a) Name or mark of the manufacturer or distributor of the platform hoist.
(b) Model designation of the platform hoist.
(c) Owner’s identification number of the platform hoist.
(d) Classification of the platform hoist.
(e) The load rating (see Clause 3.3)—
(i) at the platform hoist adjacent to the principal loading and unloading position;
(ii) on the platform; and
(iii) at the operator’s normal operating position.
(f) A notice at the control station stating the following
‘HOIST TO BE OPERATED BY AUTHORIZED PERSONS ONLY’.
(g) Where the hoist has been designed for goods only operation and not to carry
personnel, a notice stating ‘PERSONS SHALL NOT RIDE ON THIS HOIST’.
The notice shall be affixed—
(i) at the platform hoist adjacent to all loading and unloading positions; and
(ii) on the platform.
(h) For hoists designed to carry persons, a notice at the entrance to the platform stating
‘ AUTHORIZED PERSONS ONLY ’ and the number of persons permitted on the
platform.

AS 1418.8—2008 20
(i) Where wire ropes are used, rope and reeving details (at the driving machine) as
follows:
(i) Size, grade, construction, breaking strain, lay and maximum operating length of
rope or ropes.
(ii) Reeving diagram indicating direction of rope winding on drum and minimum
distance from winding drum to rope-deflection sheaves.
(j) Statement of compliance with this Standard.
3.8 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

Platform hoists shall be maintained in accordance with the inspection and maintenance
requirements specified in AS 2550.1, and the following additional requirements for hoists
operating in hoist wells:
(a) Permanent lifting points shall be provided to enable hoist machinery to be lowered for
repairs or maintenance.
(b) Safe permanent access shall be provided to enable adjustment and maintenance of the
hoist machinery.
(c) Effective ventilation of the machinery space shall be provided.
(d) Effective artificial lighting shall be provided to enable maintenance of hoist
machinery in the machinery space.

21 AS 1418.8—2008
SE CT ION 4 T IP T RUC K HO I ST I NG SYST E MS

This Section specifies requirements for appliances of the tip truck hoisting system type for
road-going vehicles. It is complementary to Section 2 of this Standard but the requirements
given herein take precedence over corresponding requirements in that Section.
4.2 TYPES
Tip truck hoisting systems shall include—
(a) hydraulically actuated systems;
(b) pneumatically actuated systems; and
(c) mechanically actuated systems.
4.3 LOAD COMBINATIONS

The hoist and hoist-supporting structure shall be designed to withstand the application of
the vector combination of the loadings specified in Table 4.3, which produce the highest
stress condition in the part of the hoist or hoist-supporting structure under consideration.
TABLE 4.3
COMBINATIONS AND VALUES OF LOADINGS
Loading values
In-service
Description of Load
Load type Without With Out-of-service
load symbol
wind wind
1 2 3 4
Principal Dead load P GS P GS P GS P GS P GS
load
Hoisted load PD ψPD 0.9ψPD — —
Additional Wind forces— PIW — 0.9PIW — —
loads In-service wind
load
Wind forces— P OW — — 0.9POW —
Out-of-service
wind load
Special loads Erection and PX — — — 0.75PX
commissioning
forces
Testing forces PTG — — — 1+ψ
× PTG
2
NOTES:
1 ψ is the hoisting factor (see AS 1418.1).
2 General load combinations are tabulated in AS 1418.1.

AS 1418.8—2008 22
4.4 BASIS OF DESIGN

4.4.1 General
The overall hoisting system incorporating the components and controls shall be capable of
handling the design loads imposed, and shall provide a safe condition of the hoisting system
under the following circumstances:
(a) Operation of the hoisting system in-service while handling the design loads.
(b) Failure of power source of the hoisting system.
(c) Testing of hoisting system.
The designed operation of the hoisting system shall not adversely affect or impose
excessive stress on any part of the structure or other component(s) of the tip truck.
To simplify fault finding in hydraulic systems, pressure test point(s) shall be provided at the
appropriate place(s) in the system and be indicated on the circuit diagram(s). Where
required, means shall be provided to purge entrained gas from the hydraulic system.
4.4.2 Braking
Braking requirements shall comply with the relevant requirements of AS 1418.1, except
that the total restraining torque applied to control, arrest, and sustain the load shall be not
less than 1.1 times the full load braking requirements for all operating conditions.
NOTE: Where applicable, any assistance that consistently accrues from the hydraulic system may
be considered to be only part of the total braking effort.

4.4.3 Emergency stop
Manual reset emergency stops shall be provided at each control position.
4.4.4 Safety features
All hoisting components shall be installed in accordance with the recommendations of the
component manufacturers.
In some hazardous environments, fire-resistant components shall be specified and used.
Hydraulic circuits shall be designed and constructed, and the components adjusted, so that
surge pressures remain within the allowable pressure limits of all affected components of
the system. The circuits shall incorporate the following safety features:
(a) Components accessible for easy and safe adjustment, maintenance, and periodic
testing.
(b) Safety device(s) shall be installed to prevent lowering of the load in the event of hose
failure in any support circuit in a hoisting system.
(c) Overpressure protection on the discharge side of all pumps capable of handling the
maximum flow of the pump(s). The relief valve shall automatically bypass the
operating fluid at a maximum 10% above working pressure.
(d) Where the hoisting system or other components are required to be serviced in a raised
position, a device, independent of the hoist mechanism, shall be provided to retain the
hoist in the raised position. The device shall be provided with the hoist, and shall be
accompanied by instructions fitted in a location on the hoist adjacent to the access
area. The device shall be designed for easy placement and be secured against
dislodgement when in use, and shall be stored adjacent to or on the hoist, and suitably
identified and labelled.
NOTE: A device should be installed to prevent the hoist from raising if the vehicle/trailer is
at risk of overturning.

23 AS 1418.8—2008
4.4.5 Vehicle mounting

The mounting frame shall comply with the National Code of Practice for Heavy Vehicle
Modifications (VSB 6).
4.5 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Each hoisting system design shall be recorded in the form of a circuit diagram(s), and shall
be available for the tip truck. The circuit diagram(s) shall include component identification
and the manufacturer’s operational settings using the standard graphic symbols of
AS 1101.1 and shall contain sufficient detail to make all functions clear.
4.6 COMPONENTS
4.6.1 Accumulators
Where provided, gas accumulators shall comply with AS 1210.
Accumulators shall be provided with a relief valve to protect against the effects of thermal
expansion (e.g., in the event of fire).
NOTES:
1 Accumulators should be charged with nitrogen or an inert gas.
2 Provision should be made to isolate the accumulator or discharge the hydraulic circuit to
prevent unintentional opening of the circuit while there is fluid under pressure in the
accumulator.
4.6.2 Controls
4.6.2.1 General
In addition to the relevant provisions of AS 1418.1, operating buttons or levers shall require
constant pressure to operate and return to the neutral position when released.
4.6.2.2 Location
The controls shall be located so that the operator will not be exposed to hazardous
circumstances (e.g., falling objects or shear and crushing hazards).
4.6.3 Rope-reeving system
Where applicable, the rope-reeving system of each hoist-driving mechanism shall comply
with AS 1418.1 and with the following requirements:
(a) Except where the rope is attached to a drum, rope terminations shall be effected by
hand splicing, a swaged ferrule or wedge-type socket.
(b) Rope terminations shall not be effected by bulldog grips or metalled sockets.
4.7 MARKING
The hoisting system shall display, at a readily accessible and prominent location and on
permanent and legible notices, the following information, as appropriate:
(a) Name or mark of the manufacturer or distributor of the hoisting system.
(b) Model designation of the hoisting system.
(c) Owner’s identification number of the hoisting system.
(d) A notice stating that ‘Persons shall not work under the raised tipping tray unless the
tray has been securely chocked or otherwise secured’.

AS 1418.8—2008 24
(e) Where applicable, a notice stating ‘PERSONNEL SHALL NOT RIDE ON THE TIP
TRUCK ’—
(i) at the hoisting system controls adjacent to the principal loading and unloading
position; and
(ii) on the tip truck chassis.
(f) Where applicable, rope and reeving details (at the driving machine)—
(i) size, grade, construction, lay and maximum operating length of rope or ropes;
and
(ii) reeving diagram indicating direction of rope winding on drum and minimum
distance from winding drum to rope-deflection sheaves.
(g) Where applicable, type of hydraulic fluid.
Other types of hydraulic fluids shall not be used, either alone or mixed with the
specified fluid.
(h) Where applicable for the accumulator, the precharge pressure and charging medium.
(i) Statement of compliance with this Standard.

25 AS 1418.8—2008
SE C T ION 5 R E QU IR E ME NT S F OR
E ART HMOV I NG E QU I PME NT
5.1 GENERAL
Together with Section 1, the requirements of this Section shall apply when earthmoving
equipment, including backhoes, front-end loaders, excavators, tool carriers and similar units
are used for lifting freely suspended loads as secondary function associated with the normal
applications of the equipment (e.g., lifting and moving pipes, unloading construction
equipment, manoeuvring accessories associated with the equipment).
Where it is intended to use the earthmoving equipment for cranage operations other than
those indicated above, or where variable rated capacities are specified, all requirements of
AS 1418.5 and this Section shall apply.
5.2 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Section the definitions below apply.
5.2.1 Lift point
A lifting lug located on the boom, arm, linkage, front end loader bucket (see Clause 5.4.1)
or quickhitch as specified by the manufacturer, to which a load may be attached for lifting
freely suspended loads.

5.2.2 Lift point radius/reach
The lift point radius/reach is the horizontal distance from either the centre-line of the front
wheel or equivalent position on track, or the axis of rotation or the centre-line of the load-
supporting axle as appropriate, to the vertical load line (see Figures 5.2.2(A), 5.2.2(B),
5.2.2(C), 5.2.2(D), 5.2.2(E), 5.2.2(F) and 5.2.2(G)). Where a non-slewing machine is fitted
with stabilizers, the reach shall be measured from the centre-line of the stabilizers nearest to
the load.
5.2.3 Rated lift bucket position
The bucket attitude with the bucket fully rolled forward and the load suspended from the
bucket as recommended by the manufacturer.
NOTE: For a typical example, see Figure 5.2.2(E).

AS 1418.8—2008 26
Lift point
Rated load
Axis of rotation
Lift point radius/reach
FIGURE 5.2.2(A) TYPICAL WORKING LIFT POINT DIAGRAM

Lift point
Rated load
Axis of rotation
NOTE: Boom and dipper stick at maximum radius; bucket fully crowded out.
FIGURE 5.2.2(B) TYPICAL RATED BUCKET POSITION DIAGRAM

FOR SLEWING MACHINE

27 AS 1418.8—2008
Lift point
Rated load
Axis of rotation
FIGURE 5.2.2(C) TYPICAL WORKING LIFT POINT RADIUS DIAGRAM

Lift point
Rated load
Axis of rotation
Lift point radius
FIGURE 5.2.2(D) TYPICAL RATED POSITION DIAGRAM FOR SLEWING MACHINE

AS 1418.8—2008 28
Lift point
Rated lift point reach if

outrigger is used
Rated lift point reach
NOTES:
1 Lift point at maximum reach.
2 Bucket fully tilted/rolled forward. Care should be taken that the lifting cable should not come in contact
with cutting edge of bucket.
FIGURE 5.2.2(E) TYPICAL LIFT POINT REACH DIAGRAM

FOR NON-SLEWING MACHINE SHOWING THE RATED LIFT BUCKET POSITION
Lift point
NOTES:
1 Lift point at maximum reach.
2 Quickhitch tilted/rolled forward.
FIGURE 5.2.2(F) TYPICAL LIFT POINT REACH DIAGRAM FOR NON-SLEWING

MACHINE

29 AS 1418.8—2008
NOTE: Lift point at maximum reach.
FIGURE 5.2.2(G) TYPICAL LIFT POINT REACH DIAGRAM FOR NON-SLEWING

MACHINE WITH JIB ATTACHMENT
5.3 RATED CAPACITY

5.3.1 Requirements for rated capacity at maximum reach/radius
The rated capacity shall be the maximum mass (expressed in kilograms) that may be
handled at the maximum lift point radius, or reach, expressed in metres in the most adverse
configuration for each lift point without the strength, hydraulic, and stability requirements
being exceeded.
The rated capacity shall comprise the mass of the lifted load and the lifting attachments.
Where a bucket is fitted, the rated capacity shall be established at the rated lift bucket
position that results in the maximum radius.
A rated capacity chart, identifying the lift point location(s) and the corresponding rated
capacity at that position, shall be mounted inside the operator’s cab and shall show the
following:
(a) Manufacturer’s name and model.
(b) Boom identification (length in metres), where applicable.
(c) Arm identification (length in metres), where applicable.
(d) Shoe width (in millimetres) and track gauge and length (in metres), where applicable.
(e) Deductions for attachments such as a bucket, lifting devices or quickhitch device to
allow determination of the net load that can be lifted.
(f) Tyre track and size (in millimetres) and inflation pressure (in kilopascal), where
applicable.
(g) Bucket mass (in kilograms) and width (in millimetres), or quickhitch mass
(in kilograms), as applicable.
NOTE: Buckets and quickhitches should have their mass marked on them.
(h) Ground speed limit for pick-and-carry rated load for rubber-tyred equipment (in
kilometres per hour).
(i) The maximum permitted slope for lifting and pick and carry operations.
(j) Where controlled lowering devices are fitted, a notice of the effect to be displayed.
(k) Any other equipment conditions that may impact on rated capacity.
NOTE: Examples of typical rated capacity chart types are given in Appendix C.

AS 1418.8—2008 30
5.3.2 Non-standard equipment

Only attachments included on the rated capacity chart shall be used when lifting freely
suspended loads.
5.4 DESIGN
5.4.1 Lift points
The following shall be observed:
(a) The basis of design of any lift point or lug shall be in accordance with AS 1418.1,
except as given in Clause 5.7.5.
(b) The lift point shall form a closed eye.
(c) A lift point shall not be attached to buckets designated for hydraulic excavators or
backhoes.
(d) A lift point shall only be fitted to pinned front end loader buckets that have been
designed to accommodate one. The lift point shall be positioned to minimize its
damage and wear.
NOTE: Advice should be provided that the bucket be monitored periodically to ensure the
structural integrity of the lift point.
5.4.2 Indicating and warning equipment
5.4.2.1 General
Indicating and warning devices described herein shall be fitted in accordance with
Table 5.4.2, as appropriate. All displays shall be clearly legible from the operator’s
position. The indicating and warning devices shall be effective for operation in an ambient
temperature range of −20°C to +60°C.
5.4.2.2 Performance indicators
5.4.2.2.1 Load indicators
The load indicator system shall measure and display the mass of the load being lifted.
The accuracy of the load-indicating system shall be such that the indicated load is within
the tolerance of 100% to 110% of the actual load.
5.4.2.2.2 Level indicator
The level indicator shall depict to the operator the relevant levelness of the earthmover
chassis.
5.4.2.2.3 Slope indicator
Non-slewing machines intended for pick-and-carry operations shall be fitted with a slope
indicator that indicates the out-of-level extent of the earthmoving equipment. The indicator
shall be clearly legible from the operator's normal operating position and shall indicate
when the earthmoving equipment is level, or the permitted slope, as specified by the rated
capacity chart.
5.4.2.3 Audible warning device
A warning device, readily controllable from the operating position, shall be fitted to give
audible warning to personnel in the vicinity of the earthmoving equipment. The warning
device should have a sound level of at least 93 dB(A) at a 7 m distance from the front end
of the earthmoving equipment, measured from the base machine, as defined in ISO 6742-1.
NOTE: A horn is the most common device used as the audible warning device.

31 AS 1418.8—2008
TABLE 5.4.2
APPLICATION OF INDICATING
AND WARNING DEVICES (see Note)
Device Applicability
Audible warning device R
Load indicator O
Level indicator R
Slope indicator R1
LEGEND:
R = required
O = option
R1 = required for non-slewing machines intended for
pick-and-carry operations.
NOTE: The above designations are the minimum
requirements. Devices should be applied with due
consideration for safe operation.
5.4.3 Controlled lowering devices

Earthmoving equipment that is used to lift freely suspended loads that have a rated lift
capacity at maximum radius/reach greater than 1 t (see Clause 5.3.1) shall be fitted with a
controlled lowering device on the raising boom cylinder(s). The control lowering device
shall meet the requirement of ISO 8643, to protect against hydraulic hose failure.
Where control lowering devices are not provided, the following shall apply:
(a) A load greater than 1 t shall not be lifted.
(b) Controls shall be in place to ensure that uncontrolled lowering shall not result in
injury or death to persons in the area.
Suspended loads shall not be lifted over personnel, in any circumstances.
5.5 STABILITY
Stability of earthmoving equipment shall be such that the rated capacity is not greater than
the appropriate percentage of the tipping load that has to be applied to tip the earthmoving
equipment, as given in Table 5.5.
TABLE 5.5
STABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR LOAD
RATING CONDITION
Stability requirement
Load rating condition
(% of tipping load)
Stationary 75
Pick and carry
General 66
Articulated wheel loaders and tool carriers 50
5.6 RATED HYDRAULIC CAPACITY

The rated hydraulic lift capacity of earthmoving equipment shall be such that the rated
capacity is not greater than 87% of the hydraulic capacity at maximum reach/radius.

AS 1418.8—2008 32
5.7 TESTING
5.7.1 General
Earthmoving equipment shall be tested in accordance with this Clause.
Suitable precautions should be taken during testing and only those persons directly
necessary to carry out the testing should be in the test area. Tests should include the
following:
(a) For each custom or serial model earthmoving equipment—
(i) visual inspection;
(ii) performance test;
(iii) static stability test;
(iv) strength test; and
(v) hydraulic test.
(b) For each subsequent serially-produced model earthmoving equipment—
(i) visual inspection; and
(ii) performance test.
5.7.2 Visual inspection
Visual inspection shall include checking for compliance with specifications and condition
of all vital components such as—
(a) mechanisms, electrical equipment, safety devices, brakes, controls, lighting and
indicating systems;
(b) all guarding;
(c) load-handling attachments and their connections; and
(d) boom and jib connections.
The inspection shall verify that all manuals and copies of test certificates are readily
available.
5.7.3 Performance test
The performance test shall demonstrate the capability of the earthmoving equipment to
operate in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.
5.7.4 Static stability test
5.7.4.1 General
A static stability test, as set out in Clause 5.7.4.3, shall be carried out for each lift point at
maximum radius in the least stable position or slew zone.
5.7.4.2 Purpose
The purpose of the static stability test is to verify the stability of the earthmoving
equipment under static loading conditions.
5.7.4.3 Procedure
The machine shall be set up on the maximum permitted slope.
The boom shall be located at the least stable position. A test load of mass equivalent to the
rated capacity divided by the stability requirement given in Table 5.5 shall be suspended
from the lifting lug throughout the duration of the test.

33 AS 1418.8—2008
For non-slewing machines intended for pick-and-carry operations, the slope shall be not
less than 5° fore and aft and 5° sideways.
Travel and slew motions shall not be used when under test load.
NOTE: For machines intended for pick-and-carry operations, the least stable configuration may
be with the boom raised causing lateral instability.
5.7.4.4 Requirements
The earthmoving equipment shall be deemed to have complied with the static stability test
if the test load remains clear of the supporting surface with the earthmoving equipment in
the tipping condition, as follows:
(a) Wheel-type earthmoving equipment, on outriggers The tipping condition of a wheel-
type earthmoving equipment supporting a load on outriggers is deemed to have been
reached when the application of additional load moment causes one or more of the
outrigger footplates, or wheels where only two outriggers are used, to lose contact
with the supporting surface.
(b) Wheel-type earthmoving equipment, on wheels, as follows:
(i) General The tipping condition of a wheel-type earthmoving equipment
supporting a load is deemed to have been reached when at least one wheel on
the opposite side to the load loses contact with the supporting surface.
(ii) Articulating The tipping condition of an articulated earthmoving equipment is
deemed to have been reached when at least one of the rear wheels loses contact
with the supporting surface when in the fully articulated condition.
(c) Track type earthmoving equipment, on crawlers The tipping condition of a track-
type earthmoving equipment supporting a load on crawlers is deemed to have been
reached when a track roller of the track opposite the load lifts more than 6 mm.
5.7.5 Strength test
A static strength test of each lift point shall be carried out at 200% of the rated capacity and
shall not show any permanent deformation after testing. Adequate precautions shall be
taken not to overload any other components of the equipment by more than 125% of the
rated capacity. This test may be performed with the component dismantled from the
machine.
5.7.6 Hydraulic test
A static hydraulic lift test shall be carried out for each lift point at maximum radius/reach in
the least stable position or slew zone when the hydraulic ability of the earthmoving
equipment limits the rated lift capacity. A test load equal to the rated hydraulic lift capacity
(refer to ISO 10567) divided by 0.87 shall be applied to the lift point. The test will be
deemed satisfactory if the test load can be lifted just clear of the ground.
5.8 QUICKHITCHES
Quickhitches that are fitted to earthmoving equipment used to lift freely suspended loads
shall comply with AS 4772.
5.9 MARKING
5.9.1 General
The earthmoving equipment configured to lift freely suspended loads shall display at a
readily accessible and prominent location, and on permanent and legible notices the
following information, where appropriate:
(a) Name or mark of the supplier.

AS 1418.8—2008 34
(b) Model designation.

(c) Serial number.
Where earthmoving plant is to be used for lifting a freely suspended load, all controls shall
be labelled in accordance with ISO 7000.
All text shall be in English and notation in SI units.
NOTE: The lifting conditions are contained in the chart as detailed in Clause 5.3.1.
5.9.2 Rated capacity
The rated capacity shall be permanently displayed in a prominent position near the lifting
point.

35 AS 1418.8—2008
SE CT ION 6 S IDE -B OO M P IPE L AYE RS

This Section specifies requirements for and provides guidance on the design of
purpose-built side-boom pipelayers (SBP). It applies to wheeled-type and crawler-type non-
articulated SBPs.
NOTES:
1 SBPs differ from other types of cranes in that often the loads are not freely suspended and
standard attachments are fitted to assist in forming pipe to radius profiles.
2 Side-boom cranes for pipelaying was first published in 1971 under AS B293; however, many
units have been built to ASME B30.14.
3 The changed and less restrictive conditions of this Section require greater care for safe
operation. There is a need for more stringent inspection of wire ropes and brakes, clutches
and other items. There is a stronger need for job planning and assurance that personnel are
always clear of the area where a lift could fall. The need remains to carry out maintenance
and repairs of consistent quality as specified in AS 2550.1.
6.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

All materials, attachments and gear that are used shall be suitable for the purpose for which
they are selected so as to achieve the levels of safety set out in AS 1418.1 and in this
Section. All side-boom pipelaying operations shall be performed as designed lifts in
accordance with AS 2550.1.
6.3 LOAD RATINGS

6.3.1 Lifting performance
The following factors shall be taken into consideration in determining stability factors:
(a) The margin of stability for determination of load ratings, with booms of stipulated
lengths at stipulated load overhang for the various type of mountings, shall be
established by taking a percentage of the loads that will produce a condition of
tipping. The load ratings shall not exceed the percentages set out in Table 6.3.1 for
SBPs, with the indicated types of mounting under the following conditions:
(i) The application of the values in Table 6.3.1 for SBPs shall comply with the
following requirements:
(A) Lift capacity from which ratings are determined shall be applied under
static conditions only, that is, without dynamic effect of lifting or
lowering.
(B) The weight of all auxiliary handling devices, such as hoist blocks, hooks,
and slings, shall be considered a part of the load rating.
(ii) Requirements for the application of the values in Table 6.3.1 for track-type
SBPs and wheel-type SBPs shall be in accordance with the following testing
procedure:
(A) Facilities for testing Tests to establish a static lifting capacity for SBP
should be conducted on smooth, level concrete or other firm supporting
surface level with ±1% of grade and sufficiently large to provide for
unobstructed accomplishment of the test.
The unit to be tested shall be a standard machine with standard operating
weights, cleaned, and shall be properly adjusted. Attachments shall not be
allowed to touch the ground during the test.

AS 1418.8—2008 36
Weights and measuring devices commensurate with obtaining accurate

data shall be used. Accuracy of weights and measuring devices shall be
within ±3% of the actual load.
(B) Method of test The test load may be applied by either of the following
methods:
(1) Lifting method The load shall be applied by lifting a weight of
pre-determined magnitude with the load overhang distance adjusted
so the machine with the load suspended is stable such that no track
roller of the track opposite the boom side lifts more than 6 mm.
(2) Anchored method The load shall be applied by lifting on a fixed
anchor and adjusting the lifting force and boom so that the resultant
load line force is vertical when the lifting capacity for a given
overhang distance is measured.
(C) Results A minimum of four static lifting capacity readings shall be
obtained, including one at a load overhang distance of approximately
1.22 m and one at the maximum load overhang distance of the boom.
(b) Additional factors (e.g., suspended loads, wind or ground conditions, boom lengths,
operating speeds for existing conditions and, in general, careful and competent
operation).
TABLE 6.3.1
LOAD RATINGS FOR SBPs

Rated load
Type of machine
(% of maximum load capacity)
Track-type vehicles 85
Wheel-type vehicles 65
6.3.2 Rated capacity chart

A rated capacity chart, based on Figure 6.3.2, and with legible letters and figures, shall be
provided with each SBP and affixed in a location visible to the operator while seated at the
control station. The data and information to be provided on these charts shall include at
least the following:
(a) A range of manufacturer’s specified SBP rated loads at stated operating load
overhang for permissible boom lengths and for all configurations and modifications.
(b) The basis of ratings as found in Clause 6.3.1, including the identification of ratings if
based on structural limitations. Where ratings are limited by structural competence or
rope design factors, such ratings shall be shown and emphasized on the rated capacity
charts.
(c) Recommended parts of hoist reeving, size, and type of rope for various hook loads,
which shall be shown on the rated capacity chart and in the operating manual.
6.3.3 Modifications
Modifications to the SBP shall only be designed by a competent person. A rated capacity
chart shall be produced for all modifications.
NOTE: Modifications should be done in consultation with the manufacturer.

37 AS 1418.8—2008
6.3.4 Limiting and indicating devices

All SBPs shall have a limiting device fitted to prevent damage due to double-blocking and
over-luffing of the boom. Load indicators are not required to be fitted to SBP handling
pipes as part of pipeline construction activities. An SBP shall not be used for other than
handling pipes as part of pipeline construction activities, unless the SBP complies with
AS 1418.5.
LIFT CAPACITY, (kg)
Maximum load capacity
Rated load per ASME B30.14

Working range
per ASME B30.14
BOOM OVERHANG, (m)
FIGURE 6.3.2 TYPICAL RATED CAPACITY CHART
6.4 LUFFING MECHANISM

When using the recommended luffing hoist reeving or hydraulic cylinder system, and with
maximum load capacity suspended, the luffing mechanism shall be capable of raising or
lowering the boom, stopping boom motion and holding it stationary without attention from
the operator. The luffing mechanism shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) The luffing mechanism shall be provided with a clutch or power-engaging device
permitting immediate starting or stopping of the boom motion. The luffing
mechanism shall also be provided with a self-setting brake or hydraulic system,
capable of supporting the maximum load capacity.
(b) Brakes and clutches shall be provided with adjustments, where necessary, to
compensate for wear and to maintain adequate force in springs, where these are used.
(c) The luffing mechanism shall be provided with an auxiliary ratchet and pawl or other
positive locking device, to prevent inadvertent lowering of the boom.

AS 1418.8—2008 38
(d) The luffing drum shall have sufficient rope capacity to operate the boom at all
positions from horizontal to the highest angle, utilizing specified reeving and rope
diameter, as follows:
(i) No less than 2 full wraps of rope shall remain on the drum with boom point
lowered to the level of the pipelayer supporting surface.
(ii) The rope end shall be anchored by a clamp attached to the drum or by a wedge
socket arrangement specified by the side-boom or rope manufacturer. The rope
clamp shall be tightened evenly to the manufacturer’s recommended torque.
(e) The drum diameter shall provide a first layer rope pitch diameter of not less than
10 times the nominal diameter of the rope used.
6.5 HOISTING MECHANISM

6.5.1 Hoist drum
The hoist drum assemblies shall have power and operational characteristics to perform all
load lifting and lowering functions required in SBP service when operated under
recommended conditions. The hoist drum assemblies shall comply with the following
requirements:
(a) Where brakes and clutches are used to control the motion of the hoist drums, they
shall be of size and thermal capacity to control maximum load capacity with
minimum recommended reeving.
(b) The hoist drum shall have a rope capacity with recommended rope size and reeving to
perform the appropriate operation within the range of boom lengths, operating
overhang, and vertical lifts stipulated by the manufacturer. The following shall be
observed:
(i) No less than 2 full wraps of rope shall remain on the drum when the hook is in
its extreme low working position.
(ii) The rope end shall be anchored by a clamp attached to the drum or by a wedge
socket arrangement specified by the side-boom or rope manufacturer. The rope
clamp shall be tightened evenly to the manufacturer’s recommended torque.
(iii) Drums shall be provided with a means to prevent the rope from jumping off the
drum.
(c) The diameter of the hoist drum shall provide a first layer rope pitch diameter of no
less than 10 times the nominal diameter of the rope used.
(d) Positive means, controllable from the operator’s station, shall be provided to prevent
the drum from rotating in the lowering direction and be capable of holding the
maximum load capacity without further attention from the operator.
6.5.2 Hoist brakes
When power-operated brakes, having no continuous mechanical linkage between the
actuating and braking means, are used for controlling loads, an automatic means shall be
provided to prevent the load from falling in the event of loss of brake-actuating power.
6.5.3 Power-controlled lowering device
A power-controlled lowering device shall be capable of handling maximum load capacity
and speeds as specified by the manufacturer. Such a device should provide precision
lowering and reduce demand on the brake.

39 AS 1418.8—2008
6.6 ADJUSTMENTS
Brakes and clutches shall be provided with adjustments, where necessary, to compensate for
lining wear.
6.7 DIMENSIONS
The dimensions of the SBP shall be designated as follows, by reference to Figure 6.7:
(a) Overall width, less counterweight—Dimension A.
(b) Overall width with counterweights retracted, if counterweights are adjustable—
Dimension B.
(c) Overall width with counterweights fully extended, applicable only to pipelayers with
adjustable counterweights—Dimension C.
(d) Overall height without boom—Dimension D.
(e) Overall height of pipelayer, induction and exhaust pipes removed—Dimension E.
(f) Overall height with boom fully raised—Dimension F.
(g) Overall length—the total length of the pipelayer, disregarding the drawbar.
(h) Track gauge—the transverse centre distance of drive sprockets—Dimension G.
(i) Track bearing length—the horizontal distance between centre-lines of front idlers and
drive sprockets of the crawler tracks.

(j) Track bearing area—the area calculated by multiplying the track shoe width by the
track bearing length for each track.
(k) Ground clearance—the vertical distance from the ground line to the lowest point
within the middle 50% of the tractor gauge, disregarding the tractor drawbar.
(l) Load overhang—Dimension H.

AS 1418.8—2008 40
FIGURE 6.7 DIMENSIONS OF SBPs
6.8 ROPES
Ropes shall comply with AS 1418.1.
6.9 SHEAVE SIZES

Sheaves shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) Luffing sheaves shall have a pitch diameter of not less than 10 times the nominal
diameter of rope used.
(b) Head sheaves shall have a pitch diameter of not less than 10 times the nominal
diameter of rope used.
(c) Hoisting sheaves shall have a pitch diameter of not less than 10 times the nominal
diameter of the rope used.
NOTE: The drum/sheave ratios specified are in conformity with ASME B30.14 and are
significantly less than those in AS 1418.5. This is because the life of the ropes is governed by
deterioration due to weather and abrasive elements. The deterioration is evident to the operator
due to the proximity of the rope to the operator.
6.10 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

The side-boom pipe layer shall be maintained in accordance with the requirements for
inspection and maintenance specified in AS 2550.1.

41 AS 1418.8—2008
6.11 MARKING
The side-boom pipe layer shall display at a readily accessible and prominent location, and
on permanent and legible notices, the following information, as appropriate:
(a) Name or mark of the manufacturer or distributor of the side-boom pipe layer.
(b) Model designation of the side-boom pipe layer.
(c) The manufacturer’s serial number of the side-boom pipe layer.
(d) Classification of the side-boom pipe layer in accordance with Clause 2.1.3.
(e) The rated capacities of the side-boom pipe layer, which shall be shown on the rated
capacity chart.
(f) A statement of compliance with this Standard.

AS 1418.8—2008 42
APPENDIX A
COMMISSIONING INSPECTION
(Informative)
A1 GENERAL
This Appendix provides guidance on specific items of an appliance installation, which
should be inspected prior to initial operation of the appliance at a site, to ensure that the
appliance complies physically with this Standard, and following the site test
(see Clause 2.6.2), to ensure that the appliance is restored correctly to operational
condition.
NOTES:
1 The lists are not necessarily comprehensive.
2 Compliance of performance is ascertained by the appropriate testing clauses.
A2 PLATFORM HOIST
The following items should be inspected for compliance with this Standard:
(a) Footings and foundation.
(b) Braking mechanism (see Clause 2.1.5).

(c) Access (see AS 1418.1).
(d) Platform (see Clause 3.6.1).
(e) Guarding (see Clause 3.6.6).
(f) Clearances, where applicable.
(g) Driving mechanisms (see Clause 3.6.2).
(h) Driving machine isolation (see Clause 3.6.3(k)).
(i) Earthing (see AS 1418.1).
(j) Marking (see Clause 3.7).
(k) Safety devices.
A3 TIP TRUCK HOISTING SYSTEMS

The following items should be inspected for compliance with this Standard:
(a) Braking (see Clause 4.4.2).
(b) Emergency stop (see Clause 4.4.3).
(c) Safety features (see Clause 4.4.4).
(d) Controls (see Clause 4.6.2).
(e) Clearances, where applicable.
(f) Marking (see Clause 4.7).

43 AS 1418.8—2008
APPENDIX B
LIST OF TYPICAL HAZARDS FOR PLATFORM HOISTS
(Informative)
This Appendix lists the typical hazards of which a designer should be aware when
designing a platform hoist. Other potential hazards, which are not shown, may exist. The
listing is for information only and is not exhaustive.
The following hazards are applicable in the situations described and could involve risks to
persons if not reduced or eliminated:
(a) Mechanical hazards These may include the following:
(i) Crushing.
(ii) Shearing.
(iii) Cutting or severing.
(iv) Entanglement.
(v) Drawing-in or trapping.
(vi) Impact.
(vii) High-pressure fluid ejection.

(viii) Ejection of parts.
(ix) Loss of stability.
(x) Slip, trip and fall.
(xi) Hazards to exposed persons due to uncontrolled movement.
(xii) Hazards due to rolling over.
(xiii) Inadequate means of access.
(b) Electrical hazards These may consist of the following:
(i) Electrical contact.
(ii) Reverse polarity effects on brake and drive systems.
(iii) Awareness that polarity can be altered at any time by people out of sight of the
hoist.
(c) Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machine design These
may include the following:
(i) Unhealthy posture or excessive effort.
(ii) Inadequate consideration of human hand/arm or foot/leg anatomy.
(d) Hazards caused by failure of energy supply, breaking down of machinery parts and
other functional disorders These may include the following:
(i) Failure of energy supply.
(ii) Failure of malfunction of control system.
(iii) Errors or fitting.
(iv) Overturning and unexpected loss of machine stability.

AS 1418.8—2008 44
(e) Hazards caused by missing or incorrectly positioned safety-related measures/

means These may include the following:
(i) Guards.
(ii) Safety-related (protection) devices.
(iii) Starting and stopping devices.
(iv) Safety signs and signals.
(v) Information or warning devices.
(vi) Energy supply disconnecting devices.
(vii) Emergency devices.
(viii) Essential equipment and accessories for safe adjustment or maintenance.
(f) Hazards due to inadequate lighting of moving/working area.
(g) Hazards due to sudden movement, instability, or similar during handling.
(h) Inadequate/non-ergonomic design of operating position These may include the
following:
(i) Inadequate visibility from operator’s position.
(ii) Starting/moving of self-propelled machinery.
(iii) Dangerous environments (e.g., contact with moving parts, gases, fluids, etc.).
(iv) Inadequate/non-ergonomic design/positioning of controls.
(i) Hazard due to lifting operations These may include the following:
(i) Lack of stability.
(ii) Derailment of machinery.
(iii) Loss of mechanical strength of machinery and lifting accessories.
(iv) Hazards caused by uncontrolled movement.
(v) Inadequate view of trajectories of the moving parts.
(vi) Hazards due to loading/overloading.
(j) Hazards to persons lifted by hoists If the hoist is intended to carry personnel,
hazards may include the following:
(i) Overloading or overcrowding of the hoist.
(ii) Unexpected movement of the hoist in response to external controls or other
movement of the machine.
(iii) Excess speed.
(iv) Persons falling from hoist.
(v) Falling or overturning hoist.
(vi) Excess acceleration or braking of the hoist.
(vii) Hazards due to imprecise markings.
(k) Hazard combinations.

45 AS 1418.8—2008
APPENDIX C
TYPICAL RATED CAPACITY CHART TYPES FOR
EARTHMOVING EQUIPMENT
(Informative)
Over side
Axis of rotation
Rear tipping line Front tipping line
Quickhitch
Side tipping line lifting point
Over rear
Over front
Area diagram Max. lift point radius 6.5 m
360° rotation
Over side
Stationary Mobile
Boom over side or 360° * 1230 kg 870 kg
FIGURE C1 TYPICAL EXCAVATOR LOAD CHART WITH QUICKHITCH

*Rating based on 87% of hydraulic lift capacity
NOTES:
1 The above capacities are the maximum freely suspended loads permitted in AS 1418.8, with machine,
including mass of lifting tackle, on firm level ground.
2 Capacities are based on excavator equipped with Standard dipper arm (1.17 m), quickhitch device (mass
95 kg), 450 mm triple grouser shoes and blade attachment.
Standard 0.28 m 3 (ISO heaped) bucket (mass 204 kg) must be removed before lifting.
3 The lifting point provided on quickhitch device should only be used in conjunction with certified lifting
gear.
4 For safe operation, the user should make due allowance for particular job conditions such as soft or uneven
ground, out of level conditions, side loads, swinging of loads due to jerking or sudden stopping, and
experience of personnel.
5 Operator should be fully acquainted with the operator’s manual before operating this machine. Rules for
safe operation of equipment should be followed at all times.
6 Suspended loads should not be lifted over personnel.

AS 1418.8—2008 46
Over side
Axis of rotation
Rear tipping line Front tipping line
Quickhitch
Side tipping line lifting point
Over rear
Over front
Area diagram Max. lift point radius 6.5 m
360° rotation
Over side
Stationary Mobile
Boom over side or 360° * 1230 kg 870 kg
FIGURE C2 TYPICAL EXCAVATOR LOAD CHART WITHOUT QUICKHITCH
*Rating based on 87% of hydraulic lift capacity
NOTES:
1 The above capacities are the maximum freely suspended loads permitted in AS 1418.8, with machine,
including mass of all lifting tackle, on firm level ground.
2 Capacities are based on excavator equipped with Standard dipper arm (1.71 m), 0.28 m 3 (ISO heaped)
bucket (mass 204 kg) and 450 mm triple grouser shoes. If the bucket is removed when lifting, lifting
capacity may be increased by bucket mass but should not exceed 1430 kg.
3 The lifting point provided on dipper arm should only be used in conjunction with certified lifting gear.
experience of personnel.
Lift point
Rated lift point

reach
Maximum suspended load 2800 kg

Maximum reach3.44 m
FIGURE C3 TYPICAL LOADER LOAD CHART—WITH QUICK COUPLER,

WITHOUT BUCKET

47 AS 1418.8—2008
NOTES:
1 The above capacity is the maximum freely suspended load permitted in compliance with AS 1418.8, with
machine, including mass of all lifting tackle, on firm level ground. Capacity does not exceed 50% of full
turn tipping.
2 Capacities are based on loader equipped with hydraulic quick coupler, quick coupler mass 389 kg,
20.5 × 25 × 16 PR(L3) tyres, inflated to a pressure of 324–343 kPa, standard 2.2 m 3 bucket with B.O.C.E
(mass 1156 kg) removed.
3 Lifting point should only be used with certified lifting gear.
experience of personnel. When mobiling with a load, 4.0 k/h should not be exceeded.
Rated lift point

reach - 4.19 m
FIGURE C4 TYPICAL LOADER LOAD CHART—WITH JIB AND QUICK COUPLER
NOTES:
1 The above capacity is the maximum freely suspended load permitted in AS 1418.8, with machine,
including mass of all lifting tackle, on firm level ground. Capacity does not exceed 50% of full turn tipping
with the lift arm at maximum reach and the jib set horizontal.
2 Capacities are based on loader equipped with 2.07 m jib (mass 230 kg), 20.5 × 25 × 12 PR(L2) tyres,
inflated to a pressure of 255–274 kPa.
3 The lifting point should only be used in conjunction with certified lifting gear.
experience of personnel. When mobiling with a load, 4.0 k/h should not be exceeded.
7 Before using the jib it should be set level with the lift arm at maximum reach. Luffing of the laden jib, up
or down, should be done by using the lift arm control. Do not luff the laden jib using the crowd control.

AS 1418.8—2008 48
Lift point
Rated lift point

reach

Maximum reach 3.12 m
FIGURE C5 TYPICAL LOADER LOAD CHART—WITH BUCKET
NOTES:
1 The above capacity is the maximum freely suspended load permitted in AS 1418.8, with machine,
including mass of all lifting tackle, on firm level ground. Capacity does not exceed 50% of full turn tipping
with empty bucket.
2 Capacities are based on loader equipped with 2.7 m 3 bucket with bolt on cutting edge (mass 1220 kg) and
20.5 × 25 × 12 PR(L2.) tyres, inflated to a pressure of 255–274 kPa.

3 The lifting point should only be used in conjunction with certified lifting gear.
4 When lifting freely suspended loads, bucket should be tilted/rolled forward to prevent any possible contact
between the bucket cutting edge and the lifting sling.
experience of personnel. When moving with a load, 4.0 k/h should not be exceeded.

49 AS 1418.8—2008
B I B I L O GRAPHY
AS
3990 Mechanical equipment—Steelwork
4100 Steel structures
ASME
B30.14 Side boom tractors

AS 1418.8—2008
50
NOTES
51
NOTES
AS 1418.8—2008
AS 1418.8—2008
52
NOTES
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Accessed by DEMAG CRANES & COMPONENTS on 23 Nov 2015 (Document currency not guaranteed when printed)

Cranes, hoists and winches

Part 8: Special purpose appliances

The following are represented on Committee ME-005:

• Association of Consulting Engineers Australia

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 06392.

Keeping Standards up-to-date

Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to

Cranes, hoists and winches

Part 8: Special purpose appliances

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN

2.9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS MANUALS..................... 10

SECTION 3 GENERAL PLATFORM HOISTS

SECTION 4 TIP TRUCK HOISTING SYSTEMS

SECTION 5 REQUIREMENTS FOR EARTHMOVING EQUIPMENT

SECTION 6 SIDE-BOOM PIPELAYERS

Part 8: Special purpose appliances

SE CT ION 1 SCOPE AND GE NE RA L

1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

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lower both boom and lifted loads.

1.4 EXPRESSION OF PERFORMANCE

1.5 NEW DESIGNS OR INNOVATIONS

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for appliance mechanisms, on the following basis:

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2.1.3 Classification of appliance

analysis may be necessary.

 Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

2.3 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS

2.4 PNEUMATIC EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS

relevant requirements of AS 1418.1 and, where applicable, specific requirements

2.5 HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS

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2.8 TEST RECORDS

2.9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS MANUALS

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SE CT ION 3 GE NE RA L P L AT F ORM HO IST S

3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION

3.3 LOAD RATING

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3.5 LOAD COMBINATIONS

3.6 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

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3.6.1.2 Platform-sill loading

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 Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

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3.6.5 Hydraulic equipment and controls

Platform hoist in an Not Not Not Yes

3.6.6.2 Gates or doors

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ensure that only authorized operators will operate the hoist.