Impact of Electronic Media On Children's Socialization Other
Impact of Electronic Media On Children's Socialization Other
Impact of Electronic Media On Children's Socialization Other
CHILDREN’S SOCIALIZATION
(A CASE STUDY OF KWARA STATE
TELEVISION)
PRESENTED
BY
ND/19/MAC/FT/992
AUGUST, 2021
i
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this project has been read and approved as
________________________ ______________
MR. IDRIS YISA DATE
(Project Supervisor)
________________________ ______________
MR. OLOHUNGBEBE FATIU .T DATE
(Project coordinator)
________________________ ______________
MR. IDRIS YISA DATE
(Head of Department)
ii
DEDICATION
towards the completion of this work. The Alpha and Omega the invisible
hand that upholds the whole universe and to our beloved parents.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The inspiration to complete this project came from different sources;
the most primary of which is God, the Almighty creator and originator, His
guidance and protection over us before, during, and after the project.
Our sincere gratitude goes to our parents whom with no amount of
expression can describe their wonderful Contribution towards the success of
our project.
Our special thanks goes to the entire staff of department of mass
communication most especially the H.O.D Mr. Idris Yisa and to our project
supervisor Mr. Olohungbebe Fatiu. T for creating time out of his tight
schedule to lead us through this project.
To all other too numerous to mention who had contributed to the
successful completion of this project one way or the other, especially our
friends, we really appreciate you all and may Almighty God reward you
abundantly.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of Content vi
List of Table vii
CHAPTER ONE (INTRODUCTION)
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 2
1.3 Objectives of the Study 3
1.4 Research Question 4
1.5 Significance of the Study 4
1.6 Scope of the Study 5
1.7 Definition of Terms 5
CHAPTER TWO (LITERATURE REVIEW)
2.1 Theoretical Framework 7
2.2 Conceptual Framework 8
2.3 Review of Empirical Studies 17
CHAPTER THREE: (RESEARCH DESIGN)
3.1 Research Methodology 20
3.2 Population of the Study 20
3.3 Sampling Size and Sampling Techniques 21
3.4 Research Instrumentation 21
3.5 Validity and Reliability of Instrument 25
v
3.6 Method of Administration of the Instrument 25
3.7 Method of Data Analysis 25
CHAPTER FOUR (DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULT)
4.1 Analysis of the field Performance of the Questionnaires 23
4.2 Analysis of Research Question 31
4.3 Discussion of findings 32
CHAPTER FIVE (SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION,
IMPLICATION OF THE FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION)
5.1 Summary 34
5.2 Conclusion 35
5.3 Implication of the Findings 36
5.4 Recommendations 36
References 38
Appendix
vi
ABSTRACT
Electronic media has become an integral part of children’s lives and a major point
of interest for parents. Television, which dominated the media world through the
mid-1990s, now competes in an arena crowded with cell phones, iPods, video
games, instant messaging, interactive multi-player video games, virtual reality
sites, Web social networks, and e-mail. Nigeria children are currently exposed to
all these media and more. The vast majority of children have access to multiple
media. Virtually all have television and radio in their homes, and half have a
television in their bedrooms. Most have Internet and video game access, and a
significant portion has a cell phone and an iPod. The population for this study is
200 which include students, lecturers, personnel in the Kwara state Ministry of
education, parents, bloggers, Radio presenter and top management staff of various
radio station, Tv station and resident in Kwara state. findings conform with the
studies cited in chapter two. Children learn easily from the electronic media than
the print media as the later does not attract their attention. Based on the findings of
this study, the following recommendations were made: In order to curb the
negative influence of the electronic media on children’s socialization in Ilorin
metropolis, media literacy programmes should be designed to enlighten the
children about the implications of the negative media content and secondly Parents
should evaluate a means of regulating what their children/wards view on air or
listen to.
vii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Electronic media has become an integral part of children’s lives and a major point
children’s well being have led many parents to ask how and why they should be
Regardless of the actual time children spend in watching television and using other
media, there is no doubt that the electronic media have played and will continue to
play an important role in structuring children’s lives in some shape and form in a
period of rapid social change (Miles, 2011). The amount of electronic media
them to compose their own 'media menu' with their own preferences and likings.
The electronic media are one of the most powerful agents of socialisation on the
planet today and widely believed to play a part in the early socialisation of children
such a long-term process and partly because any effect from the media interacts
with other social background influences and variable modes of socialization within
families.
1
There is no doubt that television as a form of electronic media and medium of
proponents of this view argue that television is an early window. This implies that,
it allows children to see the world well before they are capable of competently
interacting with it (Baran & Davis, 2003). Meyrowitz (1985) explains that
television escorts children across the globe even before they have permission to
cross the street. Therefore, there is nothing like children's television. Meyrowitz
fact, two sides to it: on the one hand, the media can reinforce and support other
agencies of socialisation; on the other, they are also viewed as a potential threat to
the values set by parents, educators and other agents of social control., in a similar
films, videogames and music reveals unequivocal evidence that media violence
increases the likelihood of aggressive and violent behaviour in both immediate and
long-term contexts.
The broad objective of the study was to examine the relationship Electronic media
2
The specific objectives include to:
children’s socialization
4. To find out why different children who are exposed to the electronic media
socialization?
2. What electronic mass media campaign as a tool for reduction the negative
behavior of children
child?
The problem which the electronic media poses affects virtually every child directly
or indirectly, so the significance of this work cannot be ignored in that it will help
3
the electronic media practitioners know the extent of the effects of their programme
content on the social development of a child. This work was to advance the frontier
serious matter which demands attention by all and so this work serves as a
and controversial topic but specifically, this work was only limited to the
Electronic media house like Kwara State television and ilorin metropolis shall
and interview.
with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time
4
1.7 Definition of Terms
1.7.1 Socialization: This means how children relate with people in the society,
the kind of attitudes and mannerisms they exhibit, in order words their behavioural
pattern.
1.7.2 Electronic Media: Media which is not the print and which utilizes
1.7.3 Children: Children are individuals who are not more than 18 years of age.
This was also in line with the UN’s definition adopted on 20thNov 1989 in the
1.7.4 Influence: This includes both the beneficial and harmful derivation from a
thin
5
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
on pre-schoolchildren’s choice and use play material sunder the following sub-
headings: television watching and choice and use of play materials, frequency and
time spent watching television on children’s choice and use of play materials.
Electronic media is the kind of media which requires the user to utilize an electric
radio, and new-age media like the Internet, computers, telephones, etc.
I. Television: Television appeals to both the auditory and visual senses, and
their television sets, be it the daily news, or even the soap operas.
6
groups. It is a popular means of communication which provides both
tune into radio every week while on their way to work. Advertising on the
radio with catchy jingles and phrases is a tried and tested means of
communication. Radio lost its popularity with the boom of television. But
with all the dial-in programs which give the listeners an opportunity to
feature on radio.
C. New Age Media: With the advent of the Internet, we are now enjoying the
benefits of high technology mass media, which is not only faster than the old
school mass media, but also has a widespread range. Mobile phones, computers,
and the Internet are often referred to as the new-age media. The Internet has opened
which are booming today. The Internet has also started social networking sites
which have redefined mass communication all together. Sites like Facebook,
7
Twitter, and YouTube have made communication to the masses all the more
a smart device like a mobile phone is not only used for interaction, but also
for other technical utilities like operating pumps from remote locations, etc.
You can also get alerts of your monetary transactions on a mobile phone.
About a decade ago, who would have thought of having the Internet on
mobiles? Today, we can stay in touch with the whole world via the Internet
II. Computers: With the invention of computers the impossible has become
with the help of computers. It has added speed and multimedia to the
information which was earlier available only in the print format. Also,
anyone can voice their opinions through computers. Computers have added
III. The Internet: This is the most important device of the new age media. The
discovery of the Internet can be called the biggest invention in mass media.
In earlier days, news used to reach people only with the morning
8
newspaper. But today, live updates reach us simultaneously as the events
unfold. For example, the royal wedding of Kate Middleton and Prince
William was watched live on the Internet by millions of people around the
world. The Internet has inspired interaction and connectivity through its
social networking medium. It has become one of the core means of mass
communication. We cannot think of leading our lives without it. Let us see
mediums.
IV. E-mails: e-mails or electronic mails have drastically reduced the time it
took for drafting and sending letters, or mails. Electronic mails have also
sites. Due to these websites carrying out e-commerce transactions has also
become easy.
VI. Podcasts: Podcasts are mediums of mass communication that include short
video or audio files. They can be seen and heard on mobiles, computers,
9
and portable media instruments. They are engaging devices of
communication.
VII. E-Forums: E-Forums are bulletin boards on websites where people start
threads on topics. These are usually hosted on a website. These forums are
open platforms to discuss a range of topics. People give their opinions and
VIII. E-Books: There are a number of websites which have hosted eBooks and
online libraries. The main benefit of having eBooks is that you don't have to
carry bulky books. You can read them on your eBook readers, mobiles,
computer screens, or other devices. You can even adjust the font size to suit
your requirements.
IX. Blogging: A blog is a space on the Internet where a single person or a group
interesting and free platform to talk about any topic. Interaction happens in
programmes. You have to choose the programme, you wish to view from
the list. You can either view the programs directly from the host server, or
communication.
10
XI. Facebook: It is the most popular social networking website. Facebook has
several applications which people utilize. It is the best platform to meet old
friends, or make new ones. Advertisers also like this forum for
Lasswell 2008 stated that the media perform three major social functions,
know about the world through the process of surveillance. The media expose us
also to other societies. The media reveal to us about the stock market, impending
danger, business opportunities and risks, travelers guide, weather conditions great
discoveries
Surveillance is not just for the masses, but also for the entire nation. For
instance, the Government and industry leaders watch CNN and BBC – world or
read the Guardian or Time magazine to know what other world leaders are saying
and thinking.
11
categorises news and directs on the importance of each news item, by deciding
whether the news item should appears on the front page, first headline on the
(2005), socialisation is the process of integrating people into the society through
the transmission of values, social norms and knowledge to new members of the
group takes place. We actually learn the values of our society through the media,
Accordingly, the mass media provides socialisation through the following ways.
with HIV/AIDS on how to cope with the challenges of the ailment. According to
Neil Postman (2015), “the primary effect of television is that it changes how people
12
see the world; that is, with television, people start seeing everything as
entertainment.”
Our world has witnessed the greatest technological advance in the past few years
which had an impact on the world of entertainment and how people spend their
leisure time. Electronic media devices have dominated the world of entertainment
media device. Kubey and Baker (2011) argued that the use of electronic media has
been the most favorable activity for young people during leisure time for more than
four decades. Regardless of the digital divide, which is the varying access to certain
types of media especially computers due to socioeconomic status, gender, race and
ethnicity, the majority of Nigeria. Children have access to media most of the time.
an individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within his or her
own society. Socialization is thus “the means by which social and cultural
continuity are attained.” There are many different forms of socialization, but two
13
types are particularly important for children. These two types are known as primary
socialization for a child is very important because it sets the groundwork for all
future socialization. Primary socialization occurs when a child learns the attitudes,
is mainly influenced by the immediate family and friends. For example if a child
saw his or her mother expressing a discriminatory opinion about a minority group,
then that child may think this behavior is acceptable and could continue to have this
Secondary socialization takes place outside the home. It is where children and
adults learn how to act in a way that is appropriate for the situations they are in.
Schools require very different behavior from the home, and children must act
according to new rules. New teachers have to act in a way that is different from
pupils and learn the new rules from people around them. Secondary socialization is
14
usually associated with teenagers and adults, and involves smaller changes than
Electronic media has become a major social influencer. From the first years
minutes daily dedicated to mass media by the current young people and children
either way (Anderson, 2014). Media is one of the main agents of socialisation that
affect the youth most. Mass media covers the radio, television, and print. There is
Studies in developed countries have noted that mass media has great influence on
children’s behaviour (Baferani, 2015; Crisogen, 2015; Castro, 2017). Esteve (2018)
argued that mass media has become an important agent of socialisation of children,
youth and adults. Mass media has a significant effect on children’s development of
(2013) argued that advanced communication skills can be used for the explicit
function. In the first place, the electronic media provides information to people.
15
This information is applied by people to construct the image to base their reality
on. This reality created assist individuals to model and exhibit behaviour needed
and thus form part of the information with which people construct the image of
reality according to which people deploy their behaviours. Secondly, the electronic
media provide values, norms, models and symbols which people use in personal
and social cohesion. Finally, it is through the media that personal identity is
developed and built. Through interaction with the media an individual may develop
person (Vera, 2010). Identity is a psychic need and social, since it contributes both
Television is a tool where a child fits in the best way during a certain time,
and the television little by little takes time from other activities, that could be quite
In many developed societies, the time that children spend in front of screens
is greater than the time thay spend in school. The impact of television on children
depends on many factors, such as the number of hours spent in front of the small
screen, their age, their personality, the fact of watching TV alone or with adult and
16
finally the discussion they do or not with their parents about the content of what
they have seen. in today's families, parents want to meet every desire of their
children, and so they leave them for a long time in front of television. Children are
being, that if they want to watch something they want to possess it. But, as Sami
educational and can open new windows of information for children, enabling them
to travel even where it may not be present, to teach reading and writing, other
The most important thing is to select programs that respond to the child's age
with the child's age. Emissions that are seen by children on television should be
or deviation from this process can be very harmful for the children. in this way
children can learn useful things, as well as useless, which affect their formation. A
child who is taught to stay in front of the television screen turns into an inactive
child, he doesn’t move and he doesn’t go out to have a social life. The greatest
responsibility for anything that happens to the child falls on the parents, for the sole
reason that the child requires a special focus and support all the time not to create
17
dependency on television. Television viewed by children, without selection of
programs and channels from parents, creates the opportunity for children to see
violent scenes, which increases the chance for aggressive behavior in children,
because the child thinks that a thing that can be watched on television can happen
in reality and could be very true. This obviously affects the children. When they see
society, while society tries to stop this fenomen. Children internalize what they see,
not knowing to distinguish between what should adopt and what not.
the explanation for observable phenomena in that field. The better the theory, the
more adequately it can explain the phenomena under consideration and the more
(2003:16). He went further to say that a theory must be stated precisely and clearly
In this study, the researcher adopted the social learning theory and the individual
differences theory.
18
frequency and duration of television commercials play an important role in
Learning Theory offers an explanation for the way in which television helps in the
delivered from television networks, video games and internet. The children have a
The social learning theory also known as modeling theory was based on the
assumption that people learn how to behave by observing others including those
portrayed in the mass media. Folarin (2002:89) asserts that children tend to learn
aggression from the mass media and to model their behaviour on that of the
process of socialization.
receives for their antisocial behaviour –including not just the loot from their
robberies but also their very appearance on a glamorous medium such as television
encourages imitation. This theory developed from many studies including the
19
Payne fund studies and the surgeon general’s reports. It was introduced to the
The individual difference theory as the name suggests looks at how media
users with different characteristics are affected in different ways by the mass
media. According to Rodman (2006:458) some types of media users are more
susceptible to some types of media messages than others are. Citing example that a
that includes logical appeals than would a viewer with a lowlevel of education.
an exciting and vivid way that schoolbooks can hardly compete with it for
children‟s interest and attention. As a result, they often find schoolbooks and
schoolbooks boring, furthermore his study also stressed that the characters in
television are usually presented as stereotypes and children come to think of all
people in a given group as having the same qualities as the people on the screen.
This influences children‟s attitudes toward them. Fourthly, since children are
imitators, they feel that what has the stamp of approval of a television program
20
heroines are less glamorous than those who win attention by violence and other
unsocial acts, children tend to use the latter to identify with and imitate.
In similar study by budgatt (2012), many children believe that anything said on
television is true and that the television announcers know more about everything
than parents, teachers and doctors. This is likely to lead to a general gullibility.
more time is spent on it than other forms of play and, it is less often supervised by
21
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
The most suitable method for this study is the survey method. The reason
for its adoption is due to its efficiency in analyzing and evaluating opinion while
yielding commensurate results. As Nwodu (2006) rightly justified that the survey
method of research focuses on a represent five’s sample dirtied from the entire
population of the study, and this purely the intents of this study.
Aliede (2003), as I earlier stated opined that population is the total number
of people or anything at all that research is to be conducted on. It also refers to all
size in relation to the population size. This help to group the aggregation of all
The population for this study is 200 which include students, lecturers,
presenter and top management staff of various radio station, Tv station and resident
in Kwara state.
22
3.1 Sampling Size and Techniques
It is well known that the population of Nigeria and its geographical spread is too
particular and in Kwara state. Among the residents are: Agro based small scale
were served with questionnaires to review their views and opinions on the “ write
your topic”.
For this research, the survey method which uses the questionnaire would be
adopted and other educational materials such as interview, journals, textbooks, the
internet, magazines and other unpublished works will also be consulted too.
measure and nothing else in this work, the content validity is used. It is estimated
by campaigning the sample at items with the content which, they present the
23
3.6 Administration of Research Instrument
distributed and collected through personal visits and consultations with the help of
the school mates, other friends and co-researchers consulted various respondents at
tables, frequencies, numbers and percentage would be used in the analysis of data
Data collected were arranged and presented in tables and analyzed in simple
24
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULT
4.0 Introduction
This chapter focuses on data presentation observed from the distributed
questionnaire. The institutional characteristics and background of respondents to
the questionnaire would be considered.
However, explanation of the elements under consideration are grouped on
the basis of sex, age, educational qualification, marital status, academic year,
application usage and on.
The analysis is based on the response of the respondents, which incline us
to liaise together with reliable information on the impact of electronic media on
children’s socialization (a case study of Kwara state). In this research project, the
instruments for study were administered to random selected respondent in Ilorin
metropolis ranging from students, lecturers, media practitioners, civil servant etc.
The questionnaires administered were adequately responded to. Therefore, the
questionnaires distributed were 200 copies (Two hundred) and were adequately
filled and return.
Table 1: Sex of Respondent
Gender Number of respondents Percentage
Male 110 55%
Female 90 45%
Total 200 100
Source: Researchers’ Field Survey 2021 .
Table 1 show that 110 respondents representing 55% are male gender while 70
respondents representing 45% are female gender. Which implies that male gender
has the highest respondents.
25
Table 2: Age distribution of the respondent
Age Range Number of respondents Percentage
Years 18 -27 100 50%
Years 28 – 37 60 30%
Years 38 - 47 20 10%
48 and above 20 10%
Total 200 100
Source: Researchers’ Field Survey 2021 .
Table 2 shows that 100 respondents representing 50% are between the age range of
18-27, 60 respondents representing 30% of were between the age range of 28 - 37
and 20 respondents representing 10% of between age range of 38 – 47 and 48 and
above respectively. This implies that the highest respondents are of the age range of
year 18 -27.
Table 3: Religion of respondent
Religion Number of respondents Percentage
Christianity 80 40%
Islam 120 60%
Total 200 100
Source: Researchers’ Field Survey 2021 .
Table 3 shows that 120 respondents representing 60% are practicing Islamic
religion and while 80 respondent representing 40% practicing Christianity. This
implies that the respondents practicing islam are more.
26
Table 4: Occupation distribution of respondent
Description Number of Respondents Percentage
Students 100 50%
Child counselor 20 10%
Teachers 60 30%
Lecturers 20 10%
Total 200 100
Source: Researchers’ Field Survey 2021 .
Table 4 shows that 100 respondents representing 50% are students, 20 respondents
representing 10% were child counselor within various private and government
organization, a total of 60 respondents were Teachers in various tertiary institution
within ilorin metropolios and others respondents were 20 representing 20% were
lecturers. This implies that a student has the highest respondents.
Table 5: Do you watch or listen to any of these electronic media
Variables Number of respondents Percentage
Radio 68 33.7%
Internet 57 28.2%
Television 75 48.1%
Total 200 100%
Source: Researchers’ Field Survey 2021 .
Table 5 shows that 68 which is 33.7% of the respondent were goods
listeners and users of various radio stations, while 57 which is 28.2% of the
respondents were good user of Internet, and while majority of the respondents 75
which is 48.1% were engage the use of the television effectively.
27
Table 6: which form of electronic media in Kwara state helps effectively
towards the social development of a child?
Responses Frequency Percentage (%)
Radio 68 33.7%
Internet 57 28.2%
Television 75 48.1%
Total 200 100
Source: Researchers’ Field Survey 2021 .
Table 6 shows that 68 respondents representing 33.7% radio stations in Kwara
state been the electronic media that helps effectively towards the social
development of a child of sexual, while 57% of the respondents claims that internet
has been the most effective electronic media towards children development,
however majority of the respondents 75 representing 48.1% claims the current use
of the television is topmost effectively electronic media that aids social
development of any child regardless geographical location.
Table 7: Do children tend to behave like various celebrities seen on different
electronic media?
Responses Frequency Percentage (%)
Yes 180 90%
No 20 10%
Total 200 100
Source: Researchers’ Field Survey 2021 .
Table 7 shows that 180 respondents representing 90% claimed that children in
regardless of their age tend to behave like various celebrities seen on different
electronic media such Tv, Interent, in which a common example of such celebrities
is Naria Marley aka “Marians” while the rest 10% of the respondents claimed that
28
children don’t tend to behave like various celebrities seen on different electronic
media.
Table 8: Are you of the opinion that most children watching violent
programme on tv, behave rudely to their parents?
Responses Frequency Percentage (%)
Yes 120 60%
No 80 40%
Total 200 100
Source: Researchers’ Field Survey 2021 .
Table 8 shows that 120 respondents representing 60% opinion that most children
watching violent programme on tv, behave rudely to their parents and while the rest
40% of the respondents were of the opinioned that not every child that engage his
or her in violent programme, acts like that in reality.
Table 9: Lack of control on Tv programme and other social media platforms
has negatively influence children socialization?
Responses Frequency Percentage (%)
Yes 200 100%
No - -
Total 200 100
Source: Researchers’ Field Survey 2021 .
Table 9 shows that all respondents representing 100% indicates that the lack of
control on Tv Lack of control on Tv programme and other social media
platforms has negatively influence children socialization, as several existing
research as shown that The electronic media also provides a window for the
children into knowing the western/foreign culture thereby giving them
knowledge of the global world. Even though media effects varies in children, it
29
goes a long way in strengthening/degenerating their relationships with people
around.
Table 10: Are you of the opinion that with use of electronic media there is
increase in the rate of social development in children at early stage?
Responses Frequency Percentage (%)
Yes 150 75%
No 50 25%
Total 200 100%
Source: Researchers’ Field Survey 2021 .
Table 10 shows that 150 respondents representing 75% agreed that the use of
electronic media there is increase in the rate of social development in children at
early stage, 50 respondent representing 25% disagree and claim that the use of
various electronic media doesn’t increase in the rate of social development in
children at early stage. This implies that the mass media various forms of electronic
media will increase in the rate of social development in children at early stage
Table 11: Electronic media is a principal agents for social development of
children?
Responses Frequency Percentage (%)
Strongly Agree 120 60%
Agree 60 30%
Neutral 20 10%
Strongly Disagree - -
Total 200 100
Source: Research Survey 2021,
The table above show that 120 (60%) of the respondents strongly agree that
attitude of people is influenced by the quality of information available to them
30
while 60 (30%) agree that attitude of people is influenced by the quality of
information available to them, 20 (10) is neutral about it and no respondents
strongly disagree that attitude of people is influenced by the quality of information
available to them.
Table 12: A good and effective social development program and content for
children should be portrayed by various forms of electronic media?
Responses Frequency Percentage (%)
Strongly Agree 100 50%
Agree 100 50%
Neutral - -
Strongly Disagree - -
Disagree - -
Total 200 100
Source: Research Survey 2021,
The table above show that 100 (50%) of the a good and effective social
development program and content for children should be portray by various forms
of electronic media while 50 (100%) agree that a good and effective social
development program and content for children should be portray by various forms
of electronic media.
31
Table 13: Electronic media should provide services as an effective tool for
mobilizing support from international bodies on the issues of children
socialization?
Responses Frequency Percentage (%)
Strongly Agree 140 60%
Agree 60 30%
Neutral - -
Strongly Disagree - -
Total 200 100
Source: Research Survey 2021
The table above show that all respondents agreed that electronic media can
used to provide services and as a effective tool for mobilizing support from
international bodies on the issues of children socialization.
Table 14: The electronic media can be used positively to build good and decent
characters in children?
Responses Frequency Percentage (%)
Strongly Agree 120 60%
Agree 80 40%
Neutral - -
Strongly Disagree - -
Total 200 100%
Source: Research Survey 2021,
The table above show that 120 (60%) of the respondents strongly agree that
the electronic media can be used positively to build good and decent characters in
children and while 80 (40%) agree that electronic media can be used positively to
build good and decent characters in children
32
4.2 ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH QUESTION
This are the analysis of research question used in the research that produce
the expected outcome of the work done.
RESEARCH QUESTION ONE
What is the role of mass media in creating awareness against children’s
socialization?
The answer to this question were provided by table 11, 12 and 14 of the
questionnaire, in reference to the response of the respondents, table 11 show that
120 (60%) of the respondents strongly agree that attitude of people is influenced by
the quality of information available to them while 60 (30%) agree that attitude of
people is influenced by the quality of information available to them, 20 (10) is
neutral about it and no respondents strongly disagree that attitude of people is
influenced by the quality of information available to them.
RESEARCH QUESTION TWO
What electronic mass media campaign as a tool for reduction the negative
behavior of children?
The answer to this question were provided by table 11, 12 and 14 of the
questionnaire, in reference to the response of the respondent in table 14 show that
120 (60%) of the respondents strongly agree that the electronic media can be used
positively to build good and decent characters in children and while 80 (40%) agree
that electronic media can be used positively to build good and decent characters in
children
RESEARCH QUESTION THREE
How helpful was the electronic media in the socialization process of a child?
The answer to this question were provided by table 8, 10 and 13 of the
questionnaire, in reference to the response of the respondent in table 10, Table 10
33
shows that 150 respondents representing 75% agreed that the use of electronic
media there is increase in the rate of social development in children at early stage,
50 respondent representing 25% disagree and claim that the use of various
electronic media doesn’t increase in the rate of social development in children at
early stage. This implies that the mass media various forms of electronic media will
increase in the rate of social development in children at early stage.
RESEARCH QUESTION FOUR
To what extent has this help been?
The answer to this question were provided by table 8, 10 and 13 of the
questionnaire, in reference to the response of the respondent in table 14 show that
120 (60%) of the respondents strongly agree that the electronic media can be used
positively to build good and decent characters in children and while 80 (40%) agree
that electronic media can be used positively to build good and decent characters in
children
4.3 Discussion of Findings
This research work have been able to attain a level of authenticity and
reliability as it conforms to what is obtainable in two different theories of
communication which were used, information process theory and agenda theory
In social responsibility theory which is an approach to understand why and
how people are influence through various forms of broadcast media, about 99% of
respondents in item 16 of the questionnaire strongly agree that are aware of the role
and importance of broadcast media can change the persistence influence social
development of a child, Therefore, they acknowledge broadcast media serve as
good tools for public enlighten for people of different age. These answers unravel
the question of why government and Non organizations should invest more in
terms social development for children in Nigeria
34
Moresso, the observation so far shows that television was the highest used
electronic media and its programme content was liked by the children.
Consequently it changed the way they did things at home and in school, the way
they relate with others and also their relationship with parents. In line with the
Bandura study, majority of the population under study watched violent
programmes, practiced them and also regarded the characters they are exposed to
as role models. On the other hand, a good number of the children questioned do
not behave like the characters they watch/listen to and also do not follow their
fashion trend thereby confirming the cantril study.\Relating to the findings of
Agenda setting Lippman (1922) states that the media help to “put pictures in our
heads”. The explains the power of the mass media to set the agenda and raise
issues of public importance. McCombs and Shaw (1972) adds that, “audience not
only learn about public issues through the media, they also learn how importance
to attach to an issue or topic from the emphasis the mass media place upon it”.
Trenemen and McQuail (1961), this justify the reason why more than 90% of the
respondent in items 11, 16 of the questionnaire claim that people learn and change
their attitude and perception about a thing through the help of various forms of
mass media.
Some of the children viewed the influence of the electronic media as being
educative which helps to broaden their horizon and enables them to know their
rights. They also included that it can create and destroy a child when being
exposed to antisocial contents but at the same time can help model the character of
a child.
They also went further to say that the electronic media enlightened them on
how to interact with people and equally served as a means where they cultivate
violent attitudes towards people.
35
Summarily, from the findings so far it can be deduced that the electronic
media have both positive and negative effects on children’s socialization in Kwara
state. In other words it could be detrimental or valuable to them. Though much of
the electronic media content effect depends on the child being exposed as not all
children are influenced by the electronic media in the same way.
36
CHAPTER FIVE
The first chapter gives the Background of the study, Statement of the
Theoretical frame work and the Review of Empirical studies were also discussed.
Chapter four, the data gathered is analyzed using simple percentage and
statistical analysis and Lastly, Chapter five, this chapter focus on Summary,
5.2 Conclusion
The fundamental aim of this research has been to investigate the influence
study. From the analysis of data collected and its interpretation, it can be deduced
that the Electronic media serves as a powerful device in the lives of the children,
even though its importance cannot be overemphasized. It was found that children in
37
the metropolis enjoy viewing violent programmes and puts it into practice as well,
they even regard the characters they are exposed to as their role models and also
affects the way they rapour with people though for majority, it does not affect the
relationship they have with their parents. However, there are certain things which
they do not imitate from the screen like mode of dressing and some behavioural
patterns of the characters involved. Some of these findings conform with the
studies cited in chapter two. Children learn easily from the electronic media than
the print media as the later does not attract their attention.
5.3 Recommendations
Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations were made:
enlighten the children about the implications of the negative media content.
3. The media practitioners have the challenge of providing the children with
healthier and educative programmes that will even enable them interact with fellow
children in Ilorin.
38
4. Health and church workers in Enugu should also help and sensitize the general
5. Government’s help is also of necessity as they could sponsor some of the media
literacy programmes.
6. Survey was used as the research design for this study, future research on similar
39
REFERENCES
American Academy of Paediatrics. (2011). Media violence. Committee on Public
Education. Pediatrics, 108(1), 1222-1226. Available at:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11694708 (Accessed 7 March 2016)
Anderson, C. A. (2014). An update on the effects of playing violent videogames.
Journal of Adolescents, 27(1), 113-122.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.10.009
Baferani, M. H (2015). The role of family in the socialisation of children.
Mediterranean Journal of Social Science, 6(6),
417-434. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s6p417
Browne, K. D. and Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. (2005). The influence of violent media
on children and adolescents: A public-health approach. Lancet, 365(1), 702-
710. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70938-7
Castro, A. (2017). Challenges of the new educational scenario: Children, parents
and educators walking together
towards the 21st century. Eastern Journal of Education, 3(2), 107-109.
Chapi, J. L. (2012). A psychological revision to the theories of aggressiveness
Electronic Journal of Psychology Iztacala,
4(1), 88-90.
Crisogen, D. T. (2015). Factors that may cause failure in school socialisation. A
cumulative approach. International
Journal of Management and Applied Science, 1(11), 140-143.
Devashish, M. and Trindade, V. (2005). Inequality and Trade. Canadian Journal of
Economics, 38(4), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0008-4085.2005.00324.x
Esteve, J. M. (2018). The third educational revolution. Education in the knowledge
society. Barcelona: Paidó. Garitaonandia, C., Juaristi, P. and Oleaga, J. A.
(2008). What do Spanish children see and how they play? The use
that children and young people make the media. Available at:
www.quadernsdigitals.net/articles/zer/zer6/z6queven.html (Accessed 14
March 2016)
Pedagogical Research, 4(4), em0048 © 2019 by Author/s 7 / 7 Gbadeyan, R. A.
(2009). Children’s perception of television commercial in Lagos State,
Nigeria. International Multi-
40
Disciplinary Journal, 3(2), 334-346.
https://doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v3i2.43634
Giddens, A. (2006). Sociology (5th Ed). New York: Polity Press. Huimin, M.
(2015). Research on the Influence of electronic media on children’s
socialization. Beinjin Journal of Social
Sciences, 3(2), 12-19. Available at:
http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10459-1014385272.htm (Accessed
14 March 2018)
Kadiri, K. and Mohammed, A. (2011). Mass media as correlates of children’s
behavioural problems in Kwara State,
Nigeria. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 3(5), 198-202.
Muszyńska, M. (2010). Education and education and gender. Studia Edukacyjne,
5(1), 93-109.
Mwaura, J. K. (2015). Relationship between levels of exposure to mass media and
students’ deviant behaviours in selected secondary
schools, Nakuru County, Kenya (Unpublished MeD Thesis), Kenyatta
University, Nairobi.
Ocharo, M. C. and Karani, S.E. (2015).Effects of mass media on the academic
development of children in primary schools in Kenya: A case study of St.
Alloys Junior Academy. International Journal of Novel Research in
Education
and Learning, 2(2), 11-18.
Okafor, G. O. and Malizu, C. F. (2013).The Nigerian mass media and childhood
socialization. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 16(5), 06-10.
https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-1650610 Pérez, L. C.,
Rodríguez L., Navas V. S. and Polyecsko C. M. (2008). What co children watch on
TV ? Determination of television habits in children from 6 to 8 years old.
Available at: http://cyberpediatria.com/porquetv.htm (Accessed 26
November 2017) Prot,
S., Anderson, C. A., Gentile, D. A., Warburton, W., Saleem, M., Groves, C. L. and
Brown, S. C. (2015). Media as agents of socialisation. In J.E. Grusec and P.
D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of Socialization (second edition) (pp.
276-300). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
41
Pusateri, M. D. and Liccardi, I. (2015). The pedagogical role of children’s media
(Unpublished Thesis), University of
Palermo, Palermo.
UNESCO. (2001). Focusing Resources on effective school health: A FRESH start
to enhancing the quality and equity of education.
World Education Forum 2000, Final Report. Dakar, Senegal.
Van-Felitzen, C. and Carlson, U. (2009) Children and media: image, education,
participation; Children and media violence.
UNESCO, Gothenburg.
42
APPENDIX
QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Respondent,
We are student of the Department of Mass Communication Kwara State
Polytechnic, conducting a research on the topic “IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC
MEDIA ON CHILDREN’S SOCIALIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF
KWARA STATE TELEVISION”
We hereby request that you help us answer the following question as
honestly as possible and we assure you that all information supplied by you shall be
used only for academic purpose and shall be kept confidential.
INSTRUCTION: Please Tick [√] the answer you consider appropriate. The
questionnaire will be in three parts Section A, B and Section C.
SECTION A (DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS OF RESPONDENT)
1. Sex: (a) Male ( ) (b) Female ( )
2. Age: (a) 16 -25 years ( ) (b) 25- 40years ( ) (c) 40 and above ( )
3. Religion: (a) Christianity ( ) (b) Islam ( )
4. Occupation? (a) Students ( ) (b) Farmers ( ) (c) Lecturer( ) (d) Child
Counselor ( ) (e) Teacher
5. Do you watch or listen any of these electronic media? (a) Radio ( ) (b)
Television ( ) (c) Internet ( )
SECTION B
6. Which form of electronic media in Kwara state helps effective towards the social
development of a child? (a) Radio ( ) (b) Television ( ) (c) Internet ( )
7 Do children tend to behave like various celebrity seen on different electronic
media? (a) Yes ( ) (b) No ( ).
8. Are you of the opinion that most children watching violent programme on tv,
behave rudely to their parents? (a) Yes ( ) (b) No ( )
43
9. Lack of control on TV programme and other social media platforms has
negatively influence children socialization? (a) Yes (. ) (b) No. (. )
10. Are you of the opinion that with use of electronic media that increase the rate
social development in children at early stage. (a) yes () (b) no
SECTION C
Key words: SA Strong Agree, A Agree, N Neutral, D Disagree and SD Strong
disagree
RESPONSES OPTION
VARIABLES SA A N D SD
11.Electronic Media is a principal agents for social
development of children
12. A good and effective social developmentprogram
and content for children should be portray by various
forms electronic media in kwara state
13 . Electronic media should provide services as an
effective tool for mobilizing support from
international bodies on the issue of children
socialization
14. The electronic media can be used positively to
build good and decent characters in children.
44