ENGLISH WITH MR.

LUIS

A brief summary of grammar.

Words in English are categorized in nine basic types that are known as “part of speech”. It is very important to
recognize them because that way we can form and understand sentences. Knowing the part of speech will help us to
construct sentences correctly.

The first group is the article. There are two types of articles: The definite article “the” (which is the most common in
English) and the indefinite articles “a” and “an”. These last articles are invariable. You use one or the other, depending
on the first letter of the word following the article, for pronunciation reasons.
 IRREGULAR VERBS LIST
INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE COGNATE
Be was/were been ser, estar
Beat beat beaten golpear, vencer
Bear bore born nacer
Become became become llegar a ser, convertirse
Begin began begun emezar, comenzar
Bite bit bitten morder
Blow blew blown soplar
Break brook broken quebrar
Bring brought brought traer, llevar
Build built built construer
Burn burnt (burned) burnt (burned) quemar
Buy bought bought comprar
Can could been able (to) poder, saber, ser capaz
Catch caught caught atrapar, coger
Choose chose chosen elegir, escoger
Come came come venir
Cost cost cost costar
Cut cut cut coertar
Do did done hacer
Draw drew drawn dibujar
Dream dreamt dreamt soñar
Drink drank drunk beber
Drive drove driven conducir
Dwell dwell/dwelled dwell/dwelled habitar
Eat ate eaten comer
Fall fell fallen caer
Feed fed fed alimentar
Feel felt felt sentir
Fight fought fought pelear
Find found found encontrar
Fly flew flown volar
Forget forgot forgotten olvidar
Freeze froze frozen congelar
Get got gotten obtener, conseguir
Give gave given dar
Go went gone ir
Grow grew grown crecer
Hang hung hung colgar
Have had had tener, haber
Hide hide hidden seconder
Hear heard heard oir, escuchar
Hit hit hit golpear
INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING COGNATE
Hold held held sostener agarrar
Hurt hurt hurt lastimar, hacer daño
Keep kept kept mantener, seguir (haciendo)
Know knew known saber, conocer
Lead led led guiar
Learn learnt (learned) learnt (learned) aprender
Leave left left marcharse, abandoner
Lend lent lent dejar prestado
Let let let permitir
Lie lay lain descansar
Lose lost lost perder
Make made made hacer, fabricar
Mean meant meant significar, querer decir.
Meet met met reunir
Mistake mistook mistaken confundir
Pay paid paid pagar
Put put put poner
Read read read leer
Ride rode ridden montar (en transporte)
Ring rang rung sonar
Rise rose risen levantarse
Run ran run corer
Say said said decir
See saw seen ver
Sell sold sold vender
Send sent sent enviar
Set set set colocar
Shake shook shaken sacudir
Shine shone shone brillar
Shoot shot shot disparar
Show showed shown enseñar, mostrar
Shut shut shut dar el cerrón.
Sing sang sung cantar
Sink sank sunk hundir
Sit sat sat sentarse
Slay slew slain matar
Sleep slept slept dormer
Smell smelt smelt oler
Speak spoke spoken hablar
Spell spelt spelled spelt spelled deletrear
Spend spent spent pasar, gastar
Spread spread spread propagar, esparcir
Spring sprang sprung saltar, brotar
INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE CONGNATE
Spin spun spun girar, dar vuelta
Stand stood stood permanecer, estar de pie
Steal stole stolen robar
Stick stuck stuck pegarse
Sting stung stung picar
Strike struck struck golpear
Swear swore sworn jurar
Sweep swept swept barrer
Swell swelled swollen hincharse
Swim swam swum nadir
Swing swung swung balancearse, columpiarse
Take took taken tomar
Teach taught taught enseñar
Tear tore torn romper, rasgar
Tell told told decir
Think thought thought pensar
Throw threw thrown arrojar
Understand understood understood entender, comprender
Wake woke woken despertar
Wear wore worn usar, llevar puesto
Win won won ganar
Write wrote written escribir.

ADVERBS

When (donde) there (ahí) almost (casi)

Now (ahora) everywhere nearly (casi)
Then (entonces) nowhere too (también)
Soon (pronto) somewhere together (juntamente)
Ever (siempre) up (arriba) separately (separadamente)
Never (nunca) down (abajo) only (solamente)
Always (siempre) above (encima, sobre) once (una vez)
Seldom (raramente) below (debajo) twice (dos veces)
Early (temprano) behind (detrás) yet (todvía)
Late (tarde) how (como) off (lejos, fuera)
Lately (ultimamente) anyhow (de cualquier so (por consiguiente)
Sometimes (algunas veces) modo)
However (sin embargo) else
Already (ya) why (por qué) still
Slowly (lentamente) very (muy) since
Quickly (rapidamente) instead (en lugar de) perhaps
Where (donde) maybe here