Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating Fuels: Standard Test Method For

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles
for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6371 − 17a
Standard Test Method for

Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating Fuels1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cold Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
filter plugging point (CFPP) temperature of diesel and domes-
2. Referenced Documents
tic heating fuels using either manual or automated apparatus.
NOTE 1—This test method is technically equivalent to test methods 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
IP 309 and EN 116. D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
1.2 The manual apparatus and automated apparatus are both and Liquid Fuels
suitable for referee purposes. D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.3 This test method is applicable to distillate fuels, includ-
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
ing those containing a flow-improving or other additive,
Petroleum Products
intended for use in diesel engines and domestic heating
D5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
installations.
and Liquid Fuels (Optical Detection Stepped Cooling
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Method)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this D5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
standard. and Liquid Fuels (Linear Cooling Rate Method)
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1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many D5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause and Liquid Fuels (Constant Cooling Rate Method)
central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or D7962 Practice for Determination of Minimum Immersion
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to Depth and Assessment of Temperature Sensor Measure-
materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and ment Drift
mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Ma- E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s E644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi- mometers
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
and/or mercury containing products in your state or country eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
may be prohibited by law. E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 2.2 IP Standards:3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the IP 309 Diesel and domestic heating fuels—Determination of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- cold filter plugging point
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2.3 ISO Standards:4
For specific warning statements, see Section 7. IP 3310 Test sieves—Technical requirements and testing—
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor- Part 1: Metal cloth
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of the ASTM website.
3
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties. Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
4
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D6371 – 17. DOI: Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D6371-17A. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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D6371 − 17a
2.4 European Standards:5 in service except when the fuel system contains, for example,
EN 116 Diesel and domestic heating fuels—Determination a paper filter installed in a location exposed to the weather or
of cold filter plugging point if the filter plugging temperature is more than 12 °C below the
cloud point value in accordance with Test Method D2500,
3. Terminology D5771, D5772, or D5773. Domestic heating installations are
3.1 Definitions: usually less critical and often operate satisfactorily at tempera-
3.1.1 digital contact thermometer (DCT), n—an electronic tures somewhat lower than those indicated by the test results.
device consisting of a digital display and associated tempera- 5.3 The difference in results obtained from the sample as
ture sensing probe. received and after heat treatment at 45 °C for 30 min can be
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This device consists of a temperature used to investigate complaints of unsatisfactory performance
sensor connected to a measuring instrument; this instrument under low temperature conditions.
measures the temperature-dependent quantity of the sensor,
6. Apparatus
computes the temperature from the measured quantity, and
provides a digital output. This digital output goes to a digital 6.1 Manual Apparatus:
display and/or recording device that may be internal or external 6.1.1 The apparatus, as detailed in 6.1.2 – 6.1.13, shall be
to the device. These devices are sometimes referred to as a arranged as shown in Fig. 1.
“digital thermometer.” 6.1.2 Test Jar, cylindrical, of clear glass, flat bottomed, with
3.1.1.2 Discussion—PET is an acronym for portable elec- an internal diameter of 31.5 mm 6 0.5 mm, a wall thickness of
tronic thermometers, a subset of digital contact thermometers 1.25 mm 6 0.25 mm and a height of 120 mm 6 5 mm. The jar
(DCT). shall have a permanent mark at the 45 mL 6 1 mL level.
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3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: NOTE 2—Test jars of the required dimensions may be obtained by
3.2.1 certified reference material, n—a stable petroleum selection from jars conforming to Test Method D2500, which specifies a
product with a method-specific nominal CFPP value estab- wider diameter tolerance.
lished by a method-specific interlaboratory study following 6.1.3 Jacket, brass, watertight, cylindrical, flat bottomed, to
RR:D02-10076 guidelines or ISO Guides 34 and 35.4 be used as an air bath. It shall have an inside diameter of
3.2.2 cold filter plugging point, n—highest temperature, 45 mm 6 0.25 mm, outside diameter of 48 mm 6 0.25 mm,
expressed in multiples of 1 °C, at which a given volume of fuel and a height of 115 mm 6 3 mm (see Fig. 2).
fails to pass through a standardized filtration device in a 6.1.4 Insulating Ring, made from oil-resistant plastics or
specified time when cooled under the conditions prescribed in other suitable material, to be placed in the bottom of the jacket
this test method. (see 6.1.3) to provide insulation for the bottom of the test jar.
It shall fit closely inside the jacket and have a thickness of
4. Summary of Test Method 6 mm + 0.3 mm - 0.0 mm.
4.1 A specimen of the sample is cooled under specified 6.1.5 Spacers (two), approximately 5 mm thick, made of
conditions and, at intervals of 1 °C, is drawn into a pipet under oil-resistant plastics or other suitable material, to be placed as
a controlled vacuum through a standardized wire mesh filter. shown in Fig. 1 around the test jar (see 6.1.2) to provide
The procedure is repeated, as the specimen continues to cool, insulation for the test jar from the sides of the jacket. The
for each 1 °C below the first test temperature. Testing is spacers shall fit closely to the test jar and closely inside the
continued until the amount of wax crystals that have separated jacket. The use of incomplete rings, each with a 2 mm
out of solution is sufficient to stop or slow down the flow so circumferential gap, will accommodate variations in test jar
that the time taken to fill the pipet exceeds 60 s or the fuel fails diameter. The spacers and insulating ring may be made as a
to return completely to the test jar before the fuel has cooled by single part as shown in Fig. 3.
a further 1 °C. 6.1.6 Supporting Ring, of oil resistant plastics or other
suitable non-metallic, non-absorbent, oil-resistant material,
4.2 The indicated temperature at which the last filtration used to suspend the jacket (see 6.1.3) in a stable and upright
was commenced is recorded as the CFPP. position in the cooling bath and to provide a concentric
location for the stopper (see 6.1.7). A design is shown in Fig.
5. Significance and Use
4 for guidance, but this design may be modified to suit the
5.1 The CFPP of a fuel is suitable for estimating the lowest cooling bath.
temperature at which a fuel will give trouble-free flow in 6.1.7 Stopper, of oil-resistant plastics or other suitable
certain fuel systems. nonmetallic, nonabsorbent, oil-resistant material, to fit the test
5.2 In the case of diesel fuel used in European light duty jar and the support ring as shown in Fig. 5. It shall have three
trucks, the results are usually close to the temperature of failure holes to accommodate the pipet (see 6.1.8) and the thermom-
eter (see 6.1.9) and to allow venting of the system. If necessary,
when using the high-range thermometer (see 6.1.9), the upper
5
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de part of the stopper shall have an indentation to permit the
Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be.
6
thermometer (see 6.1.9) to be read down to a temperature of
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1007. Contact ASTM Customer –30 °C. A pointer shall be fitted to the upper surface of the
Service at service@astm.org. stopper to facilitate location of the thermometer in relation to

D6371 − 17a
the bottom of the test jar. A spring wire clip shall be used to 6.1.9.2 Digital contact thermometer requirements:
retain the thermometer in the correct position. Parameter Requirement
6.1.8 Pipet with Filter Unit: DCT Guide E2877 Class F or better
6.1.8.1 Pipet, of clear glass with a calibration mark corre- Nominal Temperature RangeA
sponding to a contained volume of 20 mL 6 0.2 mL at a point –38 °C to +50 °C for CFPP down to –30 °C
149 mm 6 0.5 mm from the bottom of the pipet (see Fig. 6). –80 °C to +20 °C for CFPP below –30 °C
–80 °C to +20 °C for cooling bath
It shall be connected to the filter unit (see 6.1.8.2).
6.1.8.2 Filter Unit (see Fig. 7), containing the following Display Resolution 0.1 °C, minimum
elements:
AccuracyB ±500 mK (±0.5 °C) for combined probe and
(1) Brass Body, with a threaded cavity that houses the wire sensor
mesh holder. The cavity shall be fitted with an O-ring of
oil-resistant plastics. The internal diameter of the central tube Sensor Type Platinum Resistance Thermometer (PRT)
shall be 4 mm 6 0.1 mm. Sensor Sheath C
4.2 mm OD maximum
(2) Brass Screw Cap, to connect the upper part of the body
of the filter unit (see 6.1.8.2) to the lower part of the pipet (see Sensor LengthD Less than 10 mm
6.1.8.1) to ensure a leak-free joint. An example of satisfactory Immersion DepthE Less than 40 mm per Practice D7962.
connection is shown in Fig. 7.
E
(3) Disc, 15 mm 6 0.1 mm diameter, of plain weave Measurement Drift Less than 500 mK (0.5 °C) per year.
stainless steel wire mesh gauze with a nominal aperture size of Response TimeE Less than or equal to 4 s per Footnote FF
45 µm. The nominal diameter of the wire shall be 32 µm, and
the tolerance for the size of an individual aperture shall be as Calibration Error Less than 500 mK (0.5 °C) over the range of
intended use.
follows:
No aperture size shall exceed the nominal size by more Calibration Range Consistent with temperature range of use
than 22 µm.
Calibration Data Four data points evenly distributed over the
The average aperture size shall be within 6 3.1 µm of the calibration range that is consistent with the
nominal size. range of use. The calibration data is to be
Not more than 6 % of the apertures shall be above the included in calibration report.
nominal size by more than 13 µm. Calibration Report From a calibration laboratory with demon-
(4) Filter Holder of Brass, in which the disc of wire mesh strated competency in temperature calibration
gauze (see 6.1.8.2 (3)) is firmly clamped by a retaining ring which is traceable to a national calibration
laboratory or metrology standards body.
pressed into the filter holder. The diameter of the exposed part
of the gauze shall be 12 mm + 0.1 mm – 0.0 mm (see Fig. 8).
(5) Brass Cylinder, threaded on the outside, that can be A
The nominal temperature range may be different than the values shown provided
screwed into the cavity of the body (see 6.1.8.2 (1)) to clamp the calibration and accuracy criteria are met.
B
Accuracy is the combined accuracy of the DCT unit which is the display and
the filter holder (see 6.1.8.2 (4)) against the O-ring (6.1.8.2 sensor.
(1)), The lower end shall have four slots to allow the specimen C
Sensor sheath is the tube that holds the sensing element. The value is the
outside diameter of the sheath segment containing the sensor element.
to flow into the filter unit. D
The physical length of the temperature sensing element.
E
NOTE 3—The requirements for the wire mesh are taken from IP 3310, As determined by Practice D7962 or an equivalent procedure.
F
Response Time—The time for a DCT to respond to a step change in temperature.
to which reference may be made for methods for testing the gauze. The response time is 63.2 % of the step change time as determined per Section 9
6.1.9 Temperature Measuring Device—Either a liquid-in- of Test Method E644. The step change evaluation begins at 20 °C ± 5 °C air to
77 °C ± 5 °C with water circulating at 0.9 m ⁄s ± 0.09 m ⁄s past the sensor.
glass thermometer as described in 6.1.9.1 or a digital contact
thermometer (DCT) meeting the requirements described in NOTE 4—A DCT display mounted on the end to the probe’s sheath is
6.1.9.2. likely not suitable due to temperature exposure of the electronics. Consult
6.1.9.1 Liquid-in-glass Thermometers, having ranges shown manufacturer for temperature limitations.
NOTE 5—When making measurements below –40 °C with a PRT, it
below and conforming to the requirements prescribed in may be necessary to use a 1000 ohm sensor in order to obtain accurate
Specifications E1 or E2251, or Specifications for IP Standard measurements.
Thermometers.
6.1.9.3 The DCT calibration drift shall be checked at least
Thermometer
Number
annually by either measuring the ice point or against a
Thermometer Temperature Range ASTM IP reference thermometer in a constant temperature bath at the
High-range for CFPP down to −38 °C to +50 °C 5C, S5C 1C prescribed immersion depth to ensure compliance with 6.1.9.2.
−30 °C
Low-range from CFPP below –80 °C to +20 °C 6C 2C
See Practice D7962.
−30 °C
Cooling bath −80 °C to +20 °C 6C 2C
NOTE 6—When a DCT’s calibration drifts in one direction over several
calibration checks, it may be an indication of deterioration of the DCT.
6.1.10 Cooling Bath:
6.1.10.1 The type of cooling bath is optional, but it shall be
of a shape and size suitable for containing the jacket (see 6.1.3)
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in a stable and upright position at the required depth.

D6371 − 17a
6.1.10.2 The bath shall be fitted with a cover with one or 8. Sampling
more holes in it to accommodate the supporting ring (see 8.1 Unless otherwise specified in the commodity
6.1.6). The jacket (see 6.1.3) may be permanently mounted in specification, samples shall be taken as described in Practice
the cover. D4057 or D4177 in accordance with the requirements of
6.1.10.3 The bath temperature shall be maintained at the national standards or regulation for the sampling of the product
required value and tolerance by a refrigeration unit or by the under test, or both.
use of suitable freezing mixtures, ensuring a homogenous
temperature in the bath by stirring or other means of agitation. 9. Preparation of Test Specimen
Table 1 lists the bath temperature set-points required in the 9.1 Filter approximately 50 mL of the sample (see 8.1) at
CFPP procedure. If only one bath is utilized, it must have the laboratory ambient temperature, but in any case not at a
ability to change down to the next lower set-point temperature temperature less than 15 °C, through dry filter paper (see 7.3).
in a time period not exceeding 2 min 30 s.
6.1.11 Stopcock, glass, with double oblique bore of 3 mm 10. Preparation of Apparatus
diameter. 10.1 Prepare the manual apparatus or the automated appa-
6.1.12 Vacuum Source, vacuum pump or water pump pow- ratus for operation in accordance with the manufacturer’s
erful enough to ensure an air flow rate in the vacuum regulator instructions for calibrating, checking, and operating the equip-
of 15 L ⁄h 6 1 L/h for the duration of the test. ment. See Fig. 1 for manual apparatus.
6.1.13 Vacuum Regulator, consisting of a glass bottle, at 10.2 Before each test, dismantle the filter unit (see 6.1.8.2)
least 350 mm high, not less than 5 L capacity, partially filled and wash the pieces and the test jar (see 6.1.2), the pipet (see
with water. It shall be closed by a stopper with three holes of 6.1.8.1) and the thermometer (see 6.1.9 for manual apparatus
convenient diameters for glass tubes. Two tubes shall be short and 6.2 for platinum resistance used in automated equipment)
and shall not go below the water level. The third tube, with an with heptane (see 7.1), then rinse with acetone (see 7.2) and
internal diameter of 10 mm 6 1 mm, shall be long enough for dry in a stream of filtered air. Check the cleanliness and
one end to be approximately 200 mm beneath the surface of the dryness of all elements, including the jacket (see 6.1.3).
water while the other end reaches a few centimetres above the Examine the wire mesh (see 6.1.8.2(3)) and the joints (see
stopper. The depth of the immersed part shall then be adjusted 6.1.8.2(1) and 6.1.8.2(2) for damage; if necessary renew them.
to obtain a depression of 200 mm 6 1 mm of water (2 kPa 6
0.05 kPa) on the manometer, which shall contain water. A 10.3 Check that the screw cap (see 6.1.8.2(2)) is tight
second empty 5 L bottle shall be fitted in the line to serve as a enough to prevent leakage.
vacuum reservoir to ensure a constant depression. The arrange- 11. Calibration and Standardization
ment is shown in Fig. 1.
6.1.14 Stopwatch, with a graduation or reading of 0.2 s or 11.1 Adjust the automated CFPP apparatus (when used) in
lower, with an accuracy of 0.1 % over a period of 10 min. accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
11.2 Calibrate the temperature measuring device in accor-
6.2 Automated Apparatus:
dance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
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6.2.1 The automated apparatus shall include elements con-

forming to 6.1.1 – 6.1.8, platinum resistance thermometers, 11.3 Periodically verify the correct functioning of manual
cooling bath(s), vacuum pump, and suitable electronic control and automated apparatus using a certified reference material or
and measurement devices. in-house secondary reference material, such as fuel of known
6.2.2 Cooling Bath, a refrigeration unit capable of maintain- CFPP value.
ing the cooling bath at the required temperature and also of NOTE 7—It is preferable that verification be carried out at least two
automatically changing the bath temperature within 2 min 30 s times a year, where possible, using certified reference materials. The
at the appropriate stage (see 12.2.5). apparatus should be checked more frequently (for example, weekly) using
a secondary verification material.
6.2.3 Vacuum Pump, powerful enough to ensure an air flow
rate in the vacuum regulator of a minimum of 15 L ⁄h 6 1 L/h, 11.4 When the CFPP values obtained using a verification
and to maintain a constant vacuum of 200 mm 6 1 mm (2 kPa material deviate by more than the test repeatability (see 14.2),
6 0.05 kPa) for the duration of the test. For multi-position or an unacceptable statistical quality control bias is observed,
testers using the same vacuum pump, the flow rate shall be check the condition and operation of the apparatus to ensure
checked when several positions are operating simultaneously. conformity with the specification as stated in this test method.
The manufacturer’s instruction manual should provide guid-
7. Reagents and Materials ance on ensuring that the apparatus is correctly set up and
calibrated.
7.1 Heptane, clean commercial or reagent grade.
(Warning—Flammable. Harmful if inhaled.) 12. Procedure
7.2 Acetone, clean commercial or reagent grade. 12.1 Manual Apparatus:
(Warning—Extremely flammable.) 12.1.1 Establish the cooling bath temperature at –34 °C 6
0.5 °C.
7.3 Filter Paper, (approximately 4 µm to 6 µm retention).
12.1.2 Place the insulating ring (see 6.1.4) on the bottom of
7.4 Certified Reference Materials. the jacket (see 6.1.3). If spacers (see 6.1.5) are not mounted on

D6371 − 17a
the insulating ring (see 6.1.4), position them approximately increase progressively, until the failure limit of 60 s is reached.
15 mm and 75 mm above the bottom of the test jar (see 6.1.2). 12.1.13 If the filter has not plugged when the temperature of
12.1.3 Pour the filtered specimen (see Section 9) into the the specimen reaches –20 °C, continue the test by using a
clean and dry test jar to the mark (45 mL). second cooling bath maintained at –51 °C 6 1 °C, quickly
12.1.4 Close the test jar with the stopper (see 6.1.7) carrying transferring the test jar and filtration assembly to a new jacket
the pipet with filter unit (see 6.1.8) and the appropriate placed on the second cooling bath. Alternatively, for single
thermometer (see 6.1.9). Use a low-range thermometer if the bath apparatus, adjust the refrigeration unit to –51 °C 6 1 °C.
expected CFPP is below –30 °C. Thermometers shall not be The new temperature must be reached within 2 min 30 s of the
changed during the test. Adjust the apparatus in such a way that adjustment. Repeat the operations 12.1.9 to 12.1.10 to each
the bottom of the filter unit (see 6.1.8.2(5)) rests on the bottom 1 °C decrease of the specimen temperature.
of the test jar, and position the thermometer so that its lower 12.1.14 If the filter has not plugged when the temperature of
end is 1.5 mm 6 0.2 mm above the bottom of the test jar. Take the specimen reaches –35 °C, continue the test by using a third
care to ensure that no part of the thermometer is not in contact cooling bath maintained at –67 °C 6 2 °C by quickly transfer-
with the side of the test jar or the filter body. ring the test jar and filtration assembly to a new jacket placed
NOTE 8—The precise positioning of the thermometer in the test jar is a on the second cooling bath. Alternatively, for single bath
critical parameter of this test method. The position of the lower end of the apparatus, adjust the refrigeration unit to –67 °C 6 2 °C. The
thermometer above the bottom of the test jar can be indirectly measured new temperature must be reached within 2 min 30 s of the
by marking the stem of the thermometer flush with the stopper (see 6.1.7) adjustment. Repeat the operations 12.1.9 to 12.1.10 at each
when the lower end of the thermometer is just touching the bottom of the
test jar, and then pulling the thermometer up such that the reference line 1 °C decrease of the specimen temperature.
is 1.5 mm 6 0.2 mm above the top of the stopper. 12.1.15 If the filter has not plugged when the temperature of
12.1.5 If the jacket is not an integral part of the cooling bath, the specimen reaches –51 °C, discontinue the test (see Section
place the jacket vertically to a depth of 85 mm 6 2 mm in the 13).
cooling bath (see 6.1.10), which is maintained at the tempera- 12.1.16 If, after cooling in accordance with 12.1.12,
ture of –34 °C 6 0.5 °C. 12.1.13, and 12.1.14, the specimen fills the pipet to the mark in
12.1.6 Insert the test jar assembly in a stable vertical less than 60 s, but does not flow back completely into the test
position into the jacket. jar when the pipet is vented to atmosphere through the
12.1.7 With the stopcock (see 6.1.11) open to atmosphere, stopcock (see 6.1.11) before the start of the next aspiration,
connect the pipet to the vacuum system (see 6.1.12 and 6.1.13) record the temperature at the commencement of the filtration as
by means of flexible tubing attached to the stopcock (see Fig. the CFPP (see Section 13).
1). Switch on the vacuum source and regulate to ensure an air 12.2 Automated Apparatus:
flow rate of 15 L/h in the vacuum regulator (see 6.1.13). Before 12.2.1 Check that the cooling bath is operating and has
starting a test, check that the U-tube manometer indicates a reached the temperature required as specified in the manufac-
200 mm 6 1 mm of water depression (2 kPa 6 0.05 kPa). turer’s instructions.
12.1.8 Start the test immediately after inserting the test jar 12.2.2 Pour the filtered specimen (see Section 9) into the
assembly into the jacket, but if the cloud point of the sample is clean and dry test jar to the 45 mL mark.
known, it is permitted to wait until the specimen has cooled to 12.2.3 Close the test jar with the stopper (see 6.1.7) carrying
a temperature of not less than 5 °C above its cloud point. the pipet with filter unit (see 6.1.8) and the platinum resistance
12.1.9 When the specimen temperature reaches a suitable thermometer. Adjust the apparatus in such a way that the
integer value, turn the stopcock (see 6.1.11) so that the filter bottom of the filter unit (see 6.1.8.2(5)) rests on the bottom of
assembly is connected to the vacuum source, causing the the test jar, and position the thermometer so that its lower end
specimen to be drawn through the wire mesh into the pipet; is 1.5 mm 6 0.2 mm above the bottom of the test jar. Take care
simultaneously start the stopwatch. to ensure that no part of the thermometer is in contact with the
12.1.10 When the specimen reaches the mark on the pipet, side of the test jar or the filter body. --`,,,,``,,````,,,`,````-`-``,```,,,`---
stop the stopwatch and turn the stopcock to its initial position
to vent the pipet and so allow the specimen to return to the test NOTE 10—The precise positioning of the thermometer in the test jar is
a critical parameter of this test method. The position of the lower end of
jar. the thermometer above the bottom of the test jar can be indirectly
12.1.11 If the time taken to reach the mark exceeds 60 s on measured by marking the stem of the thermometer flush with the stopper
the first filtration, abandon the test and repeat it on a fresh (see 6.1.7) when the lower end of the thermometer is just touching the
portion, starting at a higher temperature. bottom of the test jar, and then pulling the thermometer up such that the
reference line is 1.5 mm 6 0.2 mm above the top of the stopper.
12.1.12 Repeat the operations (see 12.1.9 to 12.1.10) for
each 1 °C decrease of the specimen temperature until the 12.2.4 If necessary, reconnect the pipet to the vacuum
temperature is reached at which the pipet is not filled to the system. Switch on the vacuum source and regulate to ensure an
20 mL mark within 60 s. Record the temperature at which this air flow rate of 15 L/h in the vacuum regulator. Check that the
last filtration was commenced as CFPP (see Section 13). U-tube manometer (if used) indicates a 200 mm 6 1 mm
depression (2 kPa 6 0.05 kPa) or that the electronic vacuum
NOTE 9—A small minority of samples may exhibit anomalous aspira-
tion behavior, which can be detected by examining the observed aspiration
regulator indicates a pressure of 2 kPa 6 0.05 kPa.
times. This behavior is marked by an unexpected reduction in the time 12.2.5 Press the start button immediately after insertion of
taken to fill the pipet, after which aspiration time again continues to the test jar assembly. If the cloud point is known, aspiration of

D6371 − 17a
the specimen through the filter may be set to start when it has 13.3.6 the date of the test.
cooled to a temperature not less than 5 °C above the cloud
point. The apparatus will carry out the test procedure filtering 14. Precision and Bias
the specimen at each 1 °C decrease if temperature and mea- 14.1 The precision of this procedure as determined by the
suring the filtering time. If the time to reach the 20 mL mark statistical examination of the interlaboratory test results using
exceeds 60 s on the first filtration, the test is to be abandoned liquid-in-glass thermometers is as follows:
and repeated on a fresh specimen starting at a higher tempera- 14.2 Repeatability—The difference between results ob-
ture. The apparatus will record the first temperature at which tained on the same day by the same operator with the same
the specimen fails to reach the 20 mL mark in less than 60 s or apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test
fails to flow back into the test jar when the vacuum is cut off material, would in the long run, with normal and correct
as CFPP (see Section 13). The test will be discontinued if the operation of the test method, exceed 1.76 °C only in one case
specimen reaches −51 °C without plugging (see Section 13). in twenty.
During the procedure, the apparatus will automatically change
the cooling bath temperature as indicated below. 14.3 Reproducibility—The difference between two single
and independent results obtained by different operators work-
Bath Temperature
Start of test −34 °C ± 0.5 °C ing in different laboratories on identical test material, would in
When (if) specimen reaches −20 °C −51 °C ± 1 °C the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test
When (if) specimen reaches −35 °C −67 °C ± 2 °C method, exceed the values indicated by the formula:
NOTE 11—A small minority of samples may exhibit anomalous aspira- 0.102 (25−X) °C
--`,,,,``,,````,,,`,````-`-``,```,,,`---
tion behavior, which can be detected by examining the aspiration times where: X is the average of the two results being compared,
recorded in the test printout for signs of an unexpected reduction in the only in one case in twenty.
time taken to fill the pipet, after which aspiration time again continues to
increase progressively until the failure limit of 60 s is reached. NOTE 12—The interlaboratory test program used to determine the
12.2.6 If the automated CFPP apparatus used does not precision of this test method was carried out in 1988 by the IP. The
program involved 46 laboratories and 5 samples, ranging in CFPP values
incorporate a lower light sensor, it shall only be used if the test from 0 °C to −33 °C. Extrapolations to measurements more than a few
sequence is observed as in the manual procedure (see 12.1.16), degrees outside this range are unsupported by the data. The raw data from
so that any fuels not flowing back into the test jar as described the 1988 program was reanalyzed in 1997 using the ASTM D2PP
are detected and reported accordingly. program. The report of the reevaluation is available from ASTM Head-
quarters.7
13. Report 14.4 Bias—The procedure in this test method has no bias
because the value of CFPP can be defined only in terms of a
13.1 Report the temperature read or indicated at the begin-
test method.
ning of the last filtration to the nearest 1 °C (see 12.1.12,
12.1.16, and 12.2.5) as the CFPP. 14.5 Relative Bias—The current interlaboratory tests con-
firm that there is no relative bias between the manual and
13.2 If the specimen has reached −51 °C without plugging
automated apparatuses. Both apparatuses are suitable for ref-
(see 12.1.15 and 12.2.5) report as “Not plugged at −51 °C.”
erence purposes.
13.3 The report shall contain at least the following informa-
tion: 15. Keywords
13.3.1 The type and identification of the product under test; 15.1 automated cold filter plugging point; cold filter plug-
13.3.2 A reference to this test method; ging point (CFPP); diesel; domestic heating fuels; filterability;
13.3.3 The sampling procedure used (see Section 8); manual cold filter plugging point
13.3.4 The result of the test (13.1 or 13.2);
13.3.5 Any deviation from the procedure described (see 7
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
Note 9 and Note 11); and be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1452.

D6371 − 17a
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used
as the decimal point.
FIG. 1 Arrangement of Manual CFPP Apparatus
FIG. 3 Spacers
FIG. 4 Supporting Ring
FIG. 2 Watertight Brass Jacket
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D6371 − 17a
as the decimal point. NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used
FIG. 5 Stopper with Holes for Thermometer, Pipet, and Vent
FIG. 6 Pipet
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D6371 − 17a
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used as the decimal point.
FIG. 7 Filter Unit
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres, and the comma (,) is used as the decimal point.
FIG. 8 Brass Filter Holder
TABLE 1 Cooling Bath Temperatures

Expected CFPP Required Cooling Bath Temperature(s)
Down to −20 °C −34 °C ± 0.5 °C
Between −20 °C and −35 °C −34 °C ± 0.5 °C then −51 °C ± 1 °C
Below −35 °C −34 °C ± 0.5 °C then –51 °C ± 1 °C
then −67 °C ± 2 °C
--`,,,,``,,````,,,`,````-`-``,```,,,`---

D6371 − 17a
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee D02.07 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D6371 – 17) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2017.)
(1) Revised 6.1.9.2.
(D6371 – 16) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2017.)
(1) Revised Fig. 3.
(D6371 – 05 (2010) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2016.)
(1) Added requirements for DCT and other liquid-in-glass (2) Reformatted units to conform to SI.
thermometers.
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of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
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--`,,,,``,,````,,,`,````-`-``,```,,,`---

10
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Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating Fuels: Standard Test Method For

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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

Designation: D6371 − 17a

Standard Test Method for

1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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6.2.1 The automated apparatus shall include elements con-

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TABLE 1 Cooling Bath Temperatures

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(1) Revised 6.1.9.2.

(1) Revised Fig. 3.

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