A Quantitative Research About Social Media

SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE – TAGUIG CAMPUS
REPERCUSSIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA: AN ANALYSIS OF HOURS SAINT

FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE – TAGUIG STUDENTS SPEND TIME ON
SOCIAL MEDIA AND ITS IMPACT ON THEIR MENTAL HEALTH
An Undergraduate Research Presented to the Senior High School

Department
Saint Francis of Assisi College
City of Taguig
In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
12 - Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS 3)
Abella, Jose Ricardo P.

Barbosa, Jackelyn M.
Carpio, Janela D.
Casquero, Charlotte B.
Morada, Cyrah Mae L.
Moral, Rizza J.
Suarez, Nicole Penelope C.
December 2020
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APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “REPERCUSSIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA: AN

ANALYSIS OF HOURS SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE – TAGUIG
STUDENTS SPEND TIME ON SOCIAL MEDIA AND ITS IMPACT ON THEIR
MENTAL HEALTH” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Grade 12 –
Humanities and Social Sciences Strand, prepared and submitted by, JOSE
RICARDO P. ABELLA, JACKELYN M. BARBOSA, JANELA D. CARPIO,
CHARLOTTE B. CASQUERO, CYRAH MAE. L MORADA, RIZZA J. MORAL,
NICOLE PENELOPE C. SUAREZ, is hereby recommended for oral
examination.
JASON DAVID D. TABUYAN, LPT
Practical Research Teacher
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Grade 12 –

Humanities and Social Sciences Strand.
JASON DAVID D. TABUYAN, LPT NORIEL A. LASTROLLO, LPT
PRACTICAL RESEARCH COORDINATOR, SENIOR HIGH

TEACHER SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
GILBERT C. SIBALA, Ph. D.
SCHOOL PRINCIPAL
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers extend their appreciation and sincerest gratitude to the
following persons whose invaluable support and generous assistance have led
to the accomplishment of this study.
Mr. Jason David T. Tabuyan, the researchers’ research teacher, for
helping instructing, and guiding the researchers during their research planning
and conducting the study.
Fellow SFAC Students, for answering the researchers’ survey and
help gathered data.
12-HUMSS 3, for helping the researchers’ finish the study and
gathering data from other SFAC Students.
And most of all, to Our Almighty God who gave the researchers’
strength, ideas, passion, and inspiration to finish this research.
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DEDICATION
We would like to dedicate our Research to our God who truly help us to
finish this work for giving us a sustainable strength and energy. And we would
also like to thank our adviser for guiding and being patient with us in the process
of making this research. To our loving parents who keeps on supporting and
helping us in every way they could. And most especially to the community who
might get benefit from this in the future. This work is dedicated to all of you.
“Commit to the Lord whatever you do and He will establish your plans.”
- Proverbs 16:3
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE………………………………………………………………… 1
APPROVAL SHEET………………………………………………………... 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………. 3
DEDICATION………………………………………………………………… 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………. 5
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………….. 8
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………… 9
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………….. 10
CHAPTER 1 – THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction…………………………………………………………………. 12
Background of the Study…………………………………………………. 15
Theoritical Framework…………………………………………………….. 15
Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………. 18
Scope and Delimitations………………………………………………….. 19
Statement of Problem……………………………………………………... 19
Research Paradigm………………………………………………………... 21
Significance of the Study………………………………………………… 22
Definition of Terms………………………………………………………… 23
CHAPTER 2 – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Related Literatures………………………………………………………... 25
Foreign Studies……………………………………………………………. 36
Local Studies………………………………………………………………. 43
Synthesis…………………………………………………………………… 47
CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Methodology……………………………………………………………..... 49
Research Design………………………………………………………….. 49
Respondents of the Study………………………………………………. 50
Research Locale………………………………………………………….. 52
Sampling Technique……………………………………………………... 52
Instrumentation…………………………………………………………… 53
Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………………… 53
Statistical Treatment of Data…………………………………………... 54
Arbitrary Scale of Value………………………………………………… 55
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Chapter 4 – PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRATIONS OF DATA
Respondents' Assessment on Repercussions of Social Media: An

analysis of hours Saint Francis of Assisi College – Taguig Students
spend time on Social Media and its impact on their Mental Health – in
terms of the time spent of students on social media…………… 57

spend time on Social Media and its impact on their Mental Health – as
classified in terms of the types of social media platforms…….. 58

classified in terms of the Advantages……………………………... 59

classified in terms of Disadvantages………………………………. 60
Respondents’ assessment on Repercussions of Social Media: An

analysis of hours Saint Francis of Assisi College-Taguig students spend
their time on social media and its impact on their mental health - as
classified in terms of Academic……………………………………... 61

classified in Behavior………………………………………………….. 62
classified in Lifestyle…………………………………………………... 63
classified in Personal………………………………………………….. 64
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classified in Socialization……………………………………………. 65
CHAPTER 5 – SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings………………………………………………… 66
Conclusion……………………………………………………………... 69
Recommendations……………………………………………………... 70
References………………………………………………………………. 71
Appendices……………………………………………………………… 75
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1………………………………………………………………… 15
Figure 2………………………………………………………………… 18
Figure 3………………………………………………………………… 21
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LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER 3
Table 1……………………………………………………………………. 50
Table 2……………………………………………………………………. 51
Table 3……………………………………………………………………. 51
CHAPTER 4
Table 1……………………………………………………………………. 57
Table 2……………………………………………………………………. 58
Table 3……………………………………………………………………. 59
Table 4……………………………………………………………………. 60
Table 5……………………………………………………………………. 61
Table 6……………………………………………………………………. 62
Table 7……………………………………………………………………. 63
Table 8……………………………………………………………………. 64
Table 9……………………………………………………………………. 65
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ABSTRACT
TITLE : REPERCUSSIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA: AN ANALYSIS
b OF HOURS IN SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE -
b TAGUIG STUDENTS SPEND TIME ON SOCIAL MEDIA
b AND ITS IMPACT ON THEIR MENTAL HEALTH
RESEARCHERS : Jose Ricardo Abella

Jackelyn Barbosa
Janela Carpio
Charlotte Casquero
Cyrah Mae Morada
Rizza Moral
Nicole Penelope Suarez
DEGREE : Grade 12 – Humanities and Social Sciences Strand 2
INSTITUTION : SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE - TAGUIG
YEAR : 2020
ADVISER : Jason David D. Tabuyan, LPT

______________________________________________________________
The study aims to analyze the hours of Saint Francis of Assisi College-
Taguig student usually spend time. The results of this study will determine how
does social media affects the mental health of students nowadays. The study
answered the following questions: (1) The disadvantages of social media to your
mental health, its influence to everyday life, if it does affects your time
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management and so does your performance in school. (2) How can the
respondents be profiled in terms of basic operations and data gathered, analysis
of psychological behavior, and problem-solving skills as a responsible and
healthy social media user. (3) Why should netizens normalize proper time
management as well as appropriate behaviors while using social media. (4)
Based on the findings, what insights and information can be offered. We,
researchers, conducted this kind of research to the SFAC students in order to
analyze the hours in a simple Mathematical knowledge in terms on their daily
basis of using social media apps, repercussions of using it too much as a
student of SFAC and tell insights on how could it greatly affect their mental
health. Some netizens do not pursue insights about the disadvantages of using
social media to their mental health because of their lack in knowledge on where
to gain proper insights and accurate facts. We, researchers, want to help them
and a simple understanding about the basic knowledge in the repercussions of
using social media to inform and gave them proper awareness or apprehension
that will guide them towards becoming a responsible user of social media. After
we determine this, we are preparing to to make a blog that will be tackling the
advantages and disadvantages of social media to the mental health. As
documented in the last chapter of this research. Through this. We could help or
SFAC students to gain more information knowledge and insights to increase
their understanding towards social media. This is not only for the SFAC students
but also to the whole netizens as well.
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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
Social media is a web-based technology to facilitate social interaction
between a large group of people through some type of network. In common widely
used network is the Internet. But social media platforms are also for local networks
as well. Social media is growing rapidly and becoming a vital part of the everyday
life, because of the latest technological revolutions. This stunning growth is due to
the increasing usage of smart phones, Android and iPhones. These smart phones
make it easier to access any social media sites. And also social media platforms
allow users to have conversations, share information and create web content.
There are many forms of social media, including blogs, micro-blogs, wikis, social
networking sites, photo sharing sites, instant messaging, video-sharing sites,
podcast, widget, virtual words, and more.
Social media affects human psychology in unprecedented ways. They
activate rewarding centers in the brain, by directly involving the concentration of
dopamine in the process. Dopamine is a chemical, which regulates feelings of
pleasure seek, and desire in a person. Being on social network increases the
secretion of the afore mentioned hormone, generating irresistible addiction.
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In a recent research, it was revealed that people found it easier to retrain
themselves from tobacco and alcohol, as composed to social media.
Social media’s impact to one’s mental health is very real. In a recent
research, it has been proven that social media causes unhappiness. It was
reported that more than a third of Generation Z from a survey of 1,000 individuals
stated that they were quitting social media for good as 41 per cent stated that
social media platforms make them feel anxious, sad or depressed.
There are a lot of downside to social media, it is often called the Digital
Age of Vulnerability. Social media increases the opportunity for such harmful
interactions. Many studies have found an association between time spent on
social media as well as the number of social media platforms used, and
symptoms of depression and anxiety. Most of these studies indicate that time
spent on social media is correlated with depression and anxiety, but that doesn’t
necessarily mean that social media causes these problems. It is unclear whether
using social media leads to depression and anxiety symptoms, or if people who
are already more depressed or more anxious use social media more than their
peers do.
Upon looking with the recent information, the researchers decided to
conduct a research through survey, because the researchers believe that
conducting a research on social media need not only the researchers’ observation
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but the opinion and point of views of the netizens. Netizens are those people who
uses the internet.
Social Media is growing rapidly and becoming a vital part of everyday life,
because of the latest technology revolution and because of that not only the
researchers will benefit from the research conducted but also the netizens
subjected in the researchers’ work.
The study of this research aims to create an immense level of awareness
among the youth exposed to such social networking sites and findings will not only
bear results as to how adversely and positively is the youth effected by the usage
of these sites but also will help the youth to understand the over usage of these
networking sites. It has now become an evident and usual sight to face individuals
being insensitive to use their phones for social media in worshipping places, homes
when relatives and guests are around, highways, schools, and social gatherings
where they are so preoccupied and engrossed into their phones that they do not
even bother to look up as to where they are which results in their inability to
prioritize as to what as important and what isn’t. Affection has this been shifted
from real to virtual world and visible to invisible friends.
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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The researchers’ decided to conduct a survey on the students of SFAC –
Taguig Campus. In order to know how many hours does students spend on surfing
the internet. And if does overuse of social media could affect your mental health.
And as the researchers gathered data, the researchers found out that females
ages 16 and above (6.5%) are more prone to mental health disorders than males
(3.9%) due to the overuse of social media platforms. And according to the results
of the survey that we have conducted. Students often spend 10 hours and above
in social media platforms than normal.
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 1
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Social Media Use and Its Connection to Mental Health: A Systematic
Review
2020, Karim et al.
Social media has recently become part of people’s daily activities; many
of them spend hours each day on Messenger, Instagram, Facebook, and other
popular social media. Thus, many researchers and scholars study the impact of
social media and applications on various aspects of people’s lives. Moreover,
the number of social media users worldwide in 2019 is 3.484 billion, up 9% year-
on-year. A statistic in Figure 1 shows the gender distribution of social media
audiences worldwide as of January 2020, sorted by platform. It was found that
only 38% of Twitter users were male but 61% were using Snapchat. In contrast,
females were more likely to use LinkedIn and Facebook. There is no denying
that social media has now become an important part of many people’s lives.
Social media has many positive and enjoyable benefits, but it can also lead to
mental health problems.
Previous research found that age did not have an effect but gender did;
females were much more likely to experience mental health than males.
Impact on mental health. Mental health is defined as a state of well-being
in which people understand their abilities, solve everyday life problems, work
well, and make a significant contribution to the lives of their communities. There
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is debated presently going on regarding the benefits and negative impacts of
social media on mental health. Social networking is a crucial element in
protecting our mental health. Both the quantity and quality of social relationships
affect mental health, health behavior, physical health, and mortality risk.
The Displaced Behavior Theory may help explain why social media
shows a connection with mental health. According to the theory, people who
spend more time in sedentary behaviors such as social media use have less
time for face-to-face social interaction, both of which have been proven to be
protective against mental disorders. On the other hand, social theories found
how social media use affects mental health by influencing how people view,
maintain, and interact with their social network.
A number of studies have been conducted on the impacts of social
media, and it has been indicated that the prolonged use of social media
platforms such as Facebook may be related to negative signs and symptoms of
depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, social media can create a lot of
pressure to create the stereotype that others want to see and also being as
popular as others.
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Conceptual
Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Students at Upon interpreting the  Survey
gathered data. The
Saint Francis of  Data
researchers will
Assisi - Taguig analyze the number
Gathering
of hours Saint Francis  Data
Campus
of Assisi College – Analysis
Taguig students  Data
mostly spend on
social media and how
does it affect their
mental health.
Figure 2
Conceptual Paradigm
Figure 2 is a conceptual paradigm showing the process on how the input
(students at SFAC - Taguig Campus) is being assessed to extract an outcome of
number of hours spend on social media and how does it affect their mental health.
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SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
The purpose of this paper is to spread awareness to people who uses
social media too much and how it can affect their mental health. The
researcher’s main focus is to find out the total time spend of an average student
of Saint Francis of Assisi College – Taguig Campus in social media and how it
affects their mental health, the researchers did not intend to generalize the total
effects of social media from other students from different schools. The
respondents in the research conducted are teenage students of Saint Francis
of Assisi College – Taguig Campus particularly those who use social media in
their everyday lives.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This research aims to spread awareness to the usage of social media
specifically:
1.) How long does a student normally allot their time in social media?
2.) What are the factors of students using social media?
3.) What are the effects of social media in mental health?
3.1 Personal
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3.2 Life Style
3.3 Academic
3.4 Behavior
3.5 Socialization
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RESEARCH PARADIGM
INPUT
Age PROCESS
The researcher’s decided to

Gender
conduct the research through
Time Allotted on
survey by asking the age to know
Social Media
what age do the teenagers really
Platform engage with the use of social
media. And to know what gender

OUTPUT
who's mostly to suffer from
The survey is to answer
mental health problems because
accurately the
of overuse of social media. And
researchers’ state of the
to know what influenced the
problem and be open to
subjects to overuse social media
the subject’s opinions
platforms and how much do the
and made them aware
subjects spend or a lot their time
of what social media
to social media. And what stuffs
can do to netizens who
in internet does trigger the
use this.
subjects mental health problems.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The research will benefit the students of Saint Francis of Assisi College
– Taguig Campus to be aware of over using of social media that leads to
inappropriate behaviors. When adolescent students overuse social media, the
students absorb what they see and view on social media platforms and some of
those are very vulgar and inappropriate.
Not only the students of Saint Francis of Assisi College will benefit from
this research but also other students from different schools. They will be aware
of the effects of too much time spent on social media from their fellow teenager’s
point of view.
Another group that will benefit from the research are parents. The
parents will be aware of what’s happening from the stand point of a teenager
living in a world full of technology and social media. And give them ideas on how
to control or limit over exposure from social media.
Researchers will achieve the goal to spread awareness and do the
research chosen with all honesty and accuracy regarding the researchers’ topic
to conduct. And also, for the researchers to be more open and aware to
suggestions to the conducted research.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
Narcissistic – extremely self-centered with an exaggerated sense of
self-importance; marked by or characteristic of excessive admiration of or
infatuation with oneself.
Pathological - extreme in a way that is not normal or that shows an
illness or mental problem. Medical; relating to or caused by disease. Technical;
of or relating to the study of diseases; relating to pathology.
Synthesis - the mixing of different ideas, influences, or things to make a
whole that is different, or new.
Podcast - an episodic series of spoken word digital audio files that a user
can download to a personal device for easy listening.
Phantom Vibration Syndrome - occurs when a person thinks his or her
phone is ringing or vibrating from a text message when it actually is not. As a
society increasingly dependent on mobile devices, the phantom vibrate easily
becomes a phenomenon of worry for users.
Micro-blogging - a combination of instant messaging and content
production. With a microblog, you share short messages with an online
audience to improve engagement.
Psycho-social problems - refer to the difficulties faced by adolescents
in different areas of personal and social functioning. Adolescents are vulnerable
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to this because of physical and physiological changes that occur in their body
during this developmental stage.
Narcissism - excessive interest in or admiration of oneself and one's
physical appearance; selfishness, involving a sense of entitlement, a lack of
empathy, and a need for admiration, as characterizing a personality type; self-
centeredness arising from failure to distinguish the self from external objects,
either in very young babies or as a feature of mental disorder.
Pejorative Labels - derogatory; sometimes used in dictionaries and
glossaries to identify expressions that offend or belittle a subject.
Discrepancy - a lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more
facts; the quality or state of disagreeing or being at variance.
Lackluster - lacking in vitality, force, or conviction; uninspired or
uninspiring; lacking in sheen, brilliance, or vitality; dull, mediocre.
Communication Addiction Disorder - users become addicted to one-
on-one or group communication in the form of social support, relationships, and
entertainment. However, interference with these activities can result in conflict
and guilt. This kind of addiction is called problematic social media use.
Facebook Depression - depression that develops when preteens and
teens spend a great deal of time on social media sites, such as Facebook, and
then begin to exhibit classic symptoms of depression.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
This chapter contains foreign literature and studies, which the
researchers found useful on their study. Below are some excerpts that helped
the researchers to have a better understanding and perspective about this
research.
Social Media and Anxiety
This research is targeted at finding the repercussions of social media to
an individual’s mental health. Therefore, the literature review discusses the
relevant research that is useful to the objectives of this research project. Social
networks do not always have a positive effect on people because some users
use it as a medium to do inappropriate things wherein others are posting
malicious content on public sites where young individuals may see it. Many
studies have shown that the extensive use of social networks can actually cause
mental illnesses. Students tend to focus more on social media which in turn
affects their psychological behaviors. Many people became addicted to social
networks due to the fact it is trendy among young individuals but also appealed
to the adult audience.
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It also serves as easy access to communication, news, and
entertainment. Although, the main purpose of it is to get in touch with other
individuals; such as family and friends. Addiction to these social networks
became a problem once it starts to affect their daily lives.
Social media are interactive computer-mediated technologies that
facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests, and
other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks. The variety of
stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces
challenges of definition; however, there are some common features. Users
usually access social media services via web-based technologies on desktops
and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their
mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablets). As users engage with these
electronic services, they create highly interactive platforms through which
individuals, communities, and organizations can share, co-create, discuss,
participate, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted
online.
However, marketing and social media experts broadly agree that social
media includes the following 13 types of social media: blogs, business networks,
collaborative projects, enterprise social networks, forums, microblogs, photo
sharing, products/services review, social bookmarking, social gaming, social
networks, video sharing, and virtual worlds. In 2019, Merriam-Webster defined
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"social media" as "forms of electronic communication (such as websites for
social networking and microblogging) through which users create online
communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content
(such as videos)".
There are also several studies linking social media to anxiety and
compulsive behavior. A recent research study found that 45% of British adults
indicated they feel worried or uncomfortable when they cannot access their
email or social network sites (Anxiety UK, 2012). Rosen et al. (2013) found that
younger generations (particularly the iGeneration and Net Generation) are
checking in very often (defined as every hour, every 15 minutes, or all the time)
with their messages and social networks. Also, younger generations were
scored as consistently more anxious than older generations when they were
unable to check their social networks and texts.
A new medical term has been created out of this constant connectivity:
Phantom vibration syndrome, defined as perceived vibration from a cell phone
that is not vibrating, has been reported to occur with large numbers of people
(Drouin et al., 2012; Rothberg et al., 2010). Phantom vibration syndrome may
reflect a manifestation of the anxiety that cell phones elicit in those who are
obsessed with checking in on their social media and messages.
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Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying and cyber harassment are also known as online bullying.
It has become increasingly common, especially among
teenagers. Cyberbullying is when someone, typically teens, bullies or harass
others on the internet, particularly on social media sites. Harmful bullying
behavior can include posting rumors, threats, sexual remarks, a victims'
personal information, or pejorative labels (i.e. hate speech). Bullying or
harassment can be identified by repeated behavior and an intent to harm.
Victims may experience lower self-esteem, increased suicidal ideation, and a
variety of negative emotional responses, including being scared, frustrated,
angry, and depressed.
Internet trolling is a common form of bullying over the Internet in an online
community (such as in online gaming or social media) in order to elicit a
reaction, disruption, or for someone's own personal amusement. Cyberstalking
is another form of bullying or harassment that uses electronic communications
to stalk a victim; this may pose a credible threat to the victim.
Not all negative interactions online or on social media can be attributed
to cyberbullying. Research suggests that there are also interactions online that
result in peer pressure, which can have a negative, positive, or neutral impact
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on those involved. Cyberbullying can take place on social media sites such as
Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter.
The last decade has witnessed a surge of cyberbullying, bullying that
occurs through the use of electronic communication technologies, such as e-
mail, instant messaging, social media, online gaming, or through digital
messages or images sent to a cellular phone. There are many risks attached to
social media sites, and cyberbullying is one of the larger risks.
One million children were harassed, threatened, or subjected to other
forms of cyberbullying on Facebook during the past year, while 90% of social-
media-using teens who have witnessed online cruelty say they have ignored
mean behavior on social media, and 35% have done so frequently. 95% of
social-media-using teens who have witnessed cruel behavior on social
networking sites say they have seen others ignoring the mean behavior, and
55% have witnessed this frequently. Cyberbullying can also take place through
the use of websites belonging to certain groups to effectively request the
targeting of another individual or group.
Internet Addiction
Internet addiction disorder (IAD) also known as problematic internet use
or pathological internet use is generally defined as problematic, compulsive use
of the internet, that results in significant impairment in an individual's function in
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various life domains over a prolonged period of time. The relationships between
digital media use and mental health have been investigated by various
researchers—predominantly psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, and
medical experts—for some years. A significant body of research has explored
"overuse" phenomena, commonly known as "digital addictions", or "digital
dependencies". These phenomena manifest differently in various societies and
cultures. Some experts have investigated the benefits of moderate digital media
use in various domains, including in mental health, and the treatment of mental
health problems with novel technological solutions.
Digital media and screen time have changed how children think, interact,
and develop in positive and negative ways. Scientists, however, are unsure
about the direct links between digital media use and mental health outcomes.
Those links appear to depend on the individual and the platforms they use.
Various large technology firms have made commitments or announced
strategies to try to reduce the risks of digital media use. Related disorders:
According to David Hodgins, a professor of psychology at the University
of Calgary, online gambling is considered to be as serious as pathological
gambling. It is known as an "isolated disorder" which means that those who
have a gambling problem prefer to separate themselves from interruptions and
distractions. Because gambling is available online, it increases the opportunity
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for problem gamblers to indulge in gambling without social influences swaying
their decisions.
Online gaming addiction may be considered in terms of B.F. Skinner's
theory of operant conditioning, which claims that the frequency of a given
behavior is directly linked to rewarding and punishment of that behavior. If a
behavior is rewarded, it is more likely to be repeated. If it is punished, it becomes
suppressed. Communication addiction disorder (CAD) is a supposed behavioral
disorder related to the necessity of being in constant communication with other
people, even when there is no practical necessity for such communication. CAD
had been linked to Internet addiction.
Users become addicted to the social elements of the Internet, such as
Facebook and YouTube. Users become addicted to one-on-one or group
communication in the form of social support, relationships, and entertainment.
However, interference with these activities can result in conflict and guilt. Virtual
reality addiction is an addiction to the use of virtual reality or virtual, immersive
environments.
Currently, interactive virtual media (such as social networks) are referred
to as virtual reality, whereas future virtual reality refers to computer-simulated,
immersive environments, or worlds. Experts warn about the dangers of virtual
reality, and compare the use of virtual reality (both in its current and future form)
31
to the use of drugs, bringing with these comparisons the concern that, like drugs,
users could possibly become addicted to virtual reality.
Excessive Use
Excessive use of digital technology, like social media, by adolescents,
can cause disruptions in their physical and mental health, in sleeping patterns,
their weight and levels of exercise, and notably in their academic performance.
Research has continued to demonstrate that long hours spent on mobile
devices have shown a positive relationship with an increase in teenagers' BMI
and a lack of physical activity.
Moreover, excessive internet usage has been linked to lower grades
compared to users who don't spend an excessive amount of time online, even
with a control over age, gender, race, parent education, and personal
contentment factors that may affect the study. Many teenagers suffer from sleep
deprivation as they spend long hours at night on their phones, and this, in turn,
could affect grades as they will be tired and unfocused in school.
Social media has generated a phenomenon known as " Facebook
depression", which is a type of depression that affects adolescents who spend
too much of their free time engaging with social media sites. "Facebook
depression" leads to problems such as reclusiveness which can negatively
32
damage one’s health by creating feelings of loneliness and low self-esteem
among young people.
Internet
The internet is now firmly embedded within our TV habits, with two-thirds
of the world’s internet users aged 16 to 64 now watching TV content streamed
over the internet. Other sources of popular internet-enabled entertainment
include streamed music services (70%) and podcasts (41%). It’s not just
passive entertainment; four in five internet users aged 16 to 64 say that they
play video games each month. Internet users spend an average of 1 hour and
10 minutes a day using games consoles; 20% say they have watched a live
stream of others playing games in the past month, and 14% have tuned into an
e-sports tournament in the past 30 days. Internet users aged 16 to 64 in
Thailand (1h 43m per day) and the Philippines (1h 33m per day) spend the most
time in the world using game consoles.
Christina Chong, managing director, Singapore, We Are Social, says:
“Once again Southeast Asia demonstrates an interesting and thriving digital
landscape. People in the Philippines are power-users of the internet, with nearly
ten hours a day spent online; Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia join them in the
top ten. We’re also a very social corner of the globe, with Filipinos spending the
most time on social media globally, and Indonesians in fifth. It appears this
33
social media use isn’t limited to our personal lives – interestingly, people in
Indonesia have the highest percentage of people who use social media for work.
And if it’s speed you’re after, head to Singapore – it has the highest fixed internet
connection speed globally at a ripping 200.1mbps.”
Nathan McDonald, co-founder and group chief executive, We Are Social,
commented: “The world continues to embrace the internet and social media.
5G’s impact is beginning to show, TV and the internet are morphing into one,
and nearly half of the world’s population are social media users. The connected
home is becoming less of a fantasy and more of a reality and, with more people
using voice interfaces and voice search as part of their shopping journey,
understanding, and capitalizing on this should be on marketers’ priority lists in
2020. However, the shadow of data misuse remains and almost half of internet
users are using ad blockers. We still spend a lot of time online, but we will likely
see people being more aware and in control of the data they give away.”
Narcissism
In a special case, Rosen (2013) found that for people with high levels of
narcissism, high levels of Facebook activity were associated with lower levels
of depression. Although lower levels of depression were found, this still can’t be
counted as a positive effect. According to the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric
Association, 2000), narcissistic personality disorder is marked by a grandiose
34
sense of self-importance, fantasies of unlimited power, self-promotion, vanity,
and superficial relationships. Furthermore, according to Rosen et al. (2013),
many studies show that social networking sites exacerbate narcissism. The
researchers themselves found that more time spent on Facebook and a higher
frequency of checking Facebook predicted higher narcissism scores.
Usage of Social Media
There is some evidence that social media use can positively influence
health, through increased interaction, reduction of social isolation and provision
of information, particularly if use takes the form of active engagement rather
than more passive monitoring of content. However, the literature has focused
more strongly on health harms. A major limitation of current knowledge is the
paucity of longitudinal studies. Findings from the few longitudinal studies are
contradictory, and some suggest that prior mental health problems lead to
greater social media use.
A further limitation is that few studies have examined potential
mechanisms by which social media may harm health. Potential mechanisms
include: direct effects e.g. on brain development; through content effects such
as exposure to cyberbullying and harmful content; or indirect effects through
displacement of healthy activities that are important for wellbeing such as sleep,
physical activity and ‘real-world’ social interaction. We used longitudinal data
35
from a contemporary population-based national survey of English young people
and a causal epidemiological framework to examine whether frequency of social
media use in early adolescence influenced later mental health and wellbeing.
We hypothesized that more frequent social media use would be
associated with poorer mental health or wellbeing. We also examined whether
associations between social media use and later poorer mental health or
wellbeing were mediated by cyberbullying, sleep adequacy and physical
activity.
Foreign Studies
The imbalance created by the excessive usage of social media is a great
concern for parents, researchers and society regarding the mental health of
individuals. One of the most common activities of present generation is
excessive use of social media web sites. Social media can be considered as
those websites which allows interaction through web 2.0 & 3.0 sites including
application like Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, online gaming, virtual worlds like
Second Life, Sims, YouTube, Blogs and so on. These sites of present era are
growing exponentially and act as easy available portals for communication and
entertainment for younger generation.
Merriam-Webster (2014) defined social media as, “forms of electronic
communication (as Web sites for social networking and micro-blogging) through
36
which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal
messages, and other content (as videos) Virtual platforms of social media like
Facebook, Twitter etc. significantly enhanced the virtual environment from past
decade by facilitating users to interchange their feelings, ideas, personal
information, pictures and videos at anun-precedential proportion.
Further, social media users have speedily adopted online social
communication as an essential part of daily life, as evidenced by the increasing
figure of daily users. In fact, Facebook alone reported an estimated 1 billion
active users in 27 august 2015. It means one in seven people on earth used
Facebook in a single day to stay connected with their friends and family (posted
by Mark Zuckerberg on Thursday, August 27, 2015).
Consequently, social media lays substantial influence on different
aspects of present digital life apart from online communication, from marketing
to politics to education to health to basic human interaction. In many of these
areas, social media presents clear benefits; however, social media
phenomenon is relatively new, number of empirical studies evaluated the overall
influence of regular use of social media on the well-being and mental health of
its users. This lack of understanding is predominantly a grave concern in the
context of present younger generation, as teens and young adults spends their
good amount of time in online socialization and hence are potentially
experiencing a greater risk of negative effects.
37
A number of research studies classify connection between use of social
media and its undesirable outcomes like increase in anxiety, stress, depression
and loneliness. The increased usage of social media by younger generation
raises alarms regarding its adverse effects.
Link between social media and compulsive behavior has been reported
by various studies. It has been found that forty-five percent of British adults feel
restlessness when they are not able to access their social networking sites
(Anxiety 2012).
In Rosen et al. (2013), it is reported virtual generation (Net & iGeneration)
often check the message on their social networking application. It is also found
that younger generation feels restlessness when they were not able to access
messages of their social networking applications apart from their counterparts,
giving rise to Phantom vibration syndrome (PVS). Which is a nothing but the
perception of an addict person regarding the vibration of his cell phone (Drouin,
et al., 2012; Rothberg, et al., 2010) any victim of PVS reflects obsession of
frequent checking of social messages exhibits manifestation of anxiety caused
by cell phones.
Dick (2013) reported with the use of free social networking services
(Facebook & Twitter) people remain connected with friends and read productive
content but at the same time lose a lot of discretion and privacy. In present world
38
Anxiety is one of the fundamental mental health problems. People fret about the
likes and comments of their uploaded pictures and videos. In the present era
hardy any person is immune in context of social media.
The Hearty Soul (2016) asserts that longer time you spend on social
media more you are depressed, further it also reported that usage of social
networking applications like Facebook and Twitter are less helpful to students
in remaining more focused and less stressed.
Kaur & Bashir (2015) explored both positive and negative effects of social
media on mental health of adolescents, positive effects include socialization,
enhanced communication, learning opportunities and access to health
information. While negative aspects include depression, online harassment,
cyber-bulling, sexting, fatigue, stress, suppression of emotional and decline of
intellectual ability. In present world almost every individual from age of 11-93 is
connected to the social media.
According to a research conducted by Strickland (2014) young adults are
the most active users of social media and predominantly are at risk of
developing mental health issue at a high rate of concern.
Another study conducted by Park, Song & Lee (2014) indicated that
Social media application like Facebook is positively associated with
acculturative stress of college students. Similarly, Kaur and Bhat (2016) made
39
an extensive investigation of stress on mental health of students and suggest
that stress can negatively affect the mental health of students. Therefore, we
can conclude that excessive usage of social media can affect the mental health
of the younger generation.
From the above literature it is clear social media is the basic agent that
not enhances but also nourishes the mental health problems. Excessive use of
Social media leads an individual to disastrous results that starts with anxiety
and leads to the depression. In (Pantic et al., 2012) it is revealed that depression
and time spent on Facebook by adolescents is positively correlated. Rosen et
al., (2013), mirrored these findings and revealed that symptoms of major
depression has been found among the individuals who spent most of their time
in online activities and performing image management on social networking
sites. Similarly, (Lou et al., 2012) asserted that students who use Facebook
intensely reports enhanced loneliness. It is also found that social media usage
also enhances the psycho-social problems like adjustment& self-esteem
(Kalpidou et al., 2011).
Research conducted by Davila (2012) reflected severe depression
symptoms among younger generation are associated with less positive and
more negative social interactions. In contrary evidence of inverse relation
between depression and internet usage has been reported by the Kraut et al.,
40
(1998) and Shah & Grant (2002), they further suggest that various social forms
like gaming & chatting diminish the depression risk.
Social media usage is growing at a remarkable rate predominantly
among young adults, surprisingly in spite of having greater interconnectivity,
present young generation is lonelier than other groups and even loneliest ever
(Pittman & Reich 2016). Loneliness is one of the prime concerns of present
virtual society, as it is intimately related to serious health problems (Patterson &
Veenstra, 2010; Biovin, Hymen & Bukowski, 1995). Loneliness can be
understood as discrepancy among desired level and practical level of social
contacts of an individual’s social life. According to Kim, LaRose, & Peng, (2009);
Yao & Zhong (2013) uncontrolled, unhygienic and compulsive usage of internet
resources enhances loneliness over the time also higher level of internet usage
among young generation enhances the emotional loneliness (Moody, 2001).
While, Mental Health foundation of United Kingdom asserts 60% of the young
adults of age group 18-34 admitted loneliness despite of having all social media
applications and facilities to run these applications (Murphy, 2010).
Likewise, researchers Skues, Williams, & Wise, (2012) revealed more
the Facebook friends a student has higher the level of loneliness he/she reports.
In contrary to this, researchers Deters, & Mehl, (2012) revealed people who
consumes less social networking revealed higher score of shyness and
loneliness, they are also socially less active, similarly problem of loneliness also
41
gets reduced due to increase status updating Sheldon, (2012). Social
Relationships and Mental Health Friendship is a vital component in protecting
our mental health (Mental Health Foundation).
According to Umberson & Montez, (2010), quality and quantity of social
relationships affect health behavior, physical health, mental health and mortality
risk. A number of empirical studies determine that social support can prevent
hopelessness (Johnson et al., 2001) demoralize avoidant coping (Weaver et al.,
2005), suppress loneliness (Schneider et al., 1991), and strengthen positive
states of mind (Gonzalez et al., 2004). On contrary depression are associated
with negative social interactions and social isolation (Schuster et al., 1990; Chou
et al., 2011) and suicide (Holma et.al., 2010). Reich et al., (2010) inveterate,
that social support is related with better mental health. A social relationship
plays a pivotal role in boosting mental health. But the fact is there is
disagreement among investigators relating what components of social
relationships have an impact on mental health. With the amplified social support
from relatives and friends grieved less from mental health problems after a
traumatic life event owed to stress-reduction function of this social support
(Maulik et al. 2011).
According to Burt and Masten (2010), the neurobiological changes in
brain structure and function that occur in adolescents make them more sensitive
to changes in their larger environment, sometimes resulting in problems with
42
emotional and behavioral regulation. However, the neurobiological changes
experienced during adolescence do not cease once a person turns 18, rather,
notable gains in executive function, planning, and decision-making skills extend
well into the twenties. While the environment of adolescence is typically well
structured, young adults are left struggling within a highly flexible time in their
lives.
Local Studies
According to We Are Social's Global Digital Report 2019, there are 76
million active Filipino social media users – 71 percent of the entire population –
who spend an average of four hours a day on different social media platforms.
Quite the dissonance considering the country’s lackluster internet speed which
averages at 15 Mbps. Facebook, though rather stagnant in its growth, still takes
the lead as most visited social media site - and overall website - with 75 million
monthly active Filipino users. This just goes to show that, for Filipinos, Facebook
is synonymous with the internet.
The biggest group of social media users in the Philippines are in the 18-
24 age range - university to early career age - making up 33 percent of active
users or around 21 million users. With this, it’s interesting to note how
intertwined social media platform, Facebook, in particular, is with both the user’s
social/personal life and academic life. It is a fairly common practice among
43
classes, particularly in universities, to utilize the platform as a virtual meeting
place outside the classroom, where homework is discussed, readings are
shared, and announcements are made. Social media platforms are easily
accessible and offer more room for interaction than your typical bulletin board.
After graduation, it’s still through social media where job applications are sent.
Long gone are the days where hunting for a job meant knocking from one office
to another and begging them to hire you. Now it’s mostly done through LinkedIn
and now even through Facebook with its different groups posting job vacancies.
Social media in the Philippines will continue to grow and become part of every
Filipino's daily life. Creation and consumption of social media content will
continue to get integrated into local culture as well, and whether this will be a
positive or negative experience depends on their level of media literacy and their
ability to discern fact from fiction.
The Philippines has one of the highest numbers of social network users
across Southeast Asia, with a social media usage penetration rate of 71 percent
as of 2019. On average, Filipinos spent almost four hours using social media. It
has created a way to connect and bridge distances between family and friends,
enabled content creators to share information through digital media, and
allowed a broader reach of promotional marketing through online ads. Its’
functionality was one of the factors that led to increasing social network users.
44
Among social media users in the Philippines, Facebook was the most
used platform. It accounted for almost the entire social media market as of June
2020, with the number of users close to the entire internet user population. For
many Filipinos, the popular platform was not only used for social networking but
also as a daily source of news, beating newspapers and radio. Despite
Facebook’s popularity in the Philippines, other social platforms such as
YouTube are gaining space in the market, particularly among content creators.
As of June 2020, Raffy Tulfo in Action was the most popular YouTube channel
in the country, with subscribers nearing 13 million.
One leading concern for social media users is data breach. Social
networking sites collect millions of data points from users, enabling access to
hackers of all kinds, and resulting in cyber-crime. In region 4-A of the
Philippines, over 460 thousand hacking incidents were reported as of 2019.
Despite this, the popularity of social networking sites shows no sign of slowing
down, as most Filipinos stated that it was unlikely for them to use less of social
media.
In the Philippines, time spent online daily soared from 9 hours and 29
minutes last year to 10 hours and 2 minutes this year, the highest in the world.
Coming in second is Brazil, clocking in at 9 hours and 29 minutes, while
Thailand is third at 9 hours and 11 minutes. Last year, the Philippines came in
second to Thailand at 9 hours and 38 minutes. The worldwide average is 6
45
hours and 42 minutes, with Japan spending the least amount of time online at
3 hours and 45 minutes. The Philippines also tops the world in terms of internet
usage in front of a desktop or laptop computer, clocking in at 5 hours and 4
minutes daily, far from the global average of 3 hours and 28 minutes. Fixed
internet speed grew from 15.19 Mbps average to 19 Mbps. The global average
is 54.3 Mbps. For mobile, the speed increased from 13.34 Mbps to 15.1 Mbps.
The global average is 25.1 Mbps, with Canada leading at 63.1 Mbps.
Just like last year, the Philippines is top when it comes to social media
penetration. 99% of internet users are on at least one type of social media
platform. There are 3 other countries with a 99% social media penetration:
Malaysia, Taiwan, and the United Arab Emirates. Comparatively, the average
worldwide penetration rate is 58%. The number of social media users in the
Philippines has grown from 67 million to 76 million this year. Of these 76 million,
75 million are on Facebook. One area where Philippines performs “poorly" is
Instagram. Only 14% of people aged 13 years old and above are on Instagram,
a percentage point below the global average. The Philippines tops social media
use again this year, clocking in at 4 hours and 12 minutes, the 4th straight year
it has done so. The amount of time increased from last year’s 3 hours and 57
minutes. The global average this year is at 2 hours and 16 minutes. For mobile
phone social media use, 67% of online Filipinos access social media on their
phone, keeping social media as an influential force. The global average is 42%.
46
Synthesis
These are some of the authors in review of literature and studies that we
synthesized their thoughts and perspectives to form into one idea. Rosen et al.
(2013) found that younger generations (particularly the iGeneration and Net
Generation) are checking in very often (defined as every hour, every 15 minutes,
or all the time) with their messages and social networks. Also, younger
generations were scored as consistently more anxious than older generations
when they were unable to check their social networks and texts. And also,
according to Strickland (2014) young adults are the most active users of social
media and predominantly are at risk of developing mental health issue at a high
rate of concern supporting the research conducted by Davila (2012) that had
come up to a conclusion wherein reflected severe depression symptoms among
younger generation are associated with less positive and more negative social
interactions. In contrary evidence of inverse relation between depression and
internet usage has been reported by the Kraut et al., (1998) and Shah & Grant
(2002), they further suggest that various social forms like gaming & chatting
diminish the depression risk.
Kaur & Bashir (2015) found both positive and negative effects of social
media on mental health of adolescents, positive effects include socialization,
enhanced communication, learning opportunities and access to health
information. While negative aspects include depression, online harassment,
47
cyber-bulling, sexting, fatigue, stress, suppression of emotional and decline of
intellectual ability. In present world almost every individual from age of 11-93 is
connected to the social media.
Dick (2013) found that the use of free social networking services keeps
people connected with friends and read productive content but at the same time
lose a lot of discretion and privacy. In present world, anxiety is one of the
fundamental mental health problems. People fret about the likes and comments
of their uploaded pictures and videos. Thus, coming up with the conclusion from
The Hearty Soul (2016) who has found that the longer time you spend on social
media more you are depressed, further it also reported that usage of social
networking applications like Facebook and Twitter are less helpful to students
in remaining more focused and less stressed.
48
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This study intends to evaluate and understand how greatly does social
media really affects a person’s relationships, way of interaction and overall health
of one person. The researchers aim is to answer the problems stated above about
what could be the positive and negative effects of social media and how it will
affect their social skills and daily routine. The researchers agreed to conduct the
survey personally to be answered by the students, 12 years and above, of Saint
Francis of Assisi College. The context will all be about how often do they interact
with social media on a daily basis, how social media affects their education or are
they aware of what does it do to their health if overused.
RESEARCH DESIGN
To attain the objective of the study, the research design adopted for the
study was a descriptive survey method that was utilized to solicit data and
information. The survey enables the researcher to obtain reliable information
concerning the problem, and also provides necessary information to determine
the analysis of hours Saint Francis of Assisi College – Taguig students spend
49
time on social media and its impact on their mental health. This research survey
was considered appropriate and manageable to generate the needed data for the
standardized collection procedures based on highly structured research
instrument(s) and well defined study concepts. The analysis considered quite a
few insights just like the vitality to examine the relationship between social media
and mental health. The purpose of this study was to shed light and better
understand how frequent social media usage can affect students’ mental health.
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDIES
This quantitative study required the participation of the respondents or the
Junior and Senior High School students specifically in Saint Francis of Assisi
College - Taguig Campus for the School Year 2020-2021.
Table 1
Population and Sample of the Students – Respondents of the Study
School Population Sample
SFAC - TAGUIG CAMPUS 1650 90
Total 1650 90
The Table 1 shows the numeracy level of the respondents or the Junior
and Senior High School students in Saint Francis of Assisi College - Taguig
50
Campus for the School Year 2020-2021. The total population has an average
number of one thousand six hundred fifty (1650) with the sample of ninety (90).
Table 2
Profile of the Student – Respondents in terms of Age
Category Frequency Percent
14-16 42 46.67
17-19 48 53.33
Total 90 100
The Table 2 shows the profile of the student-respondents in terms of age.
The highest frequency is 48 which from 17-19 and the lowest frequency is 42
which from 14-16.
Table 3
Profile of the student-respondents in terms of Gender
Category Frequency Percentage
Male 26 28.99
Female 64 71.01
Total 90 100
51
The Table 3 shows the profile of the student-respondents in terms of
gender. The highest frequency is 64 which from the Females and the lowest
frequency is 26 which from the Males.
RESEARCH LOCALE
This survey was conducted on the students of Saint Francis of Assisi
College - Taguig Campus with ages ranging from 12 and above. The survey
collected at least 90 respondents. The study that was conducted by the
researchers’ goal to calculate the hours that students of Saint Francis of Assisi
College – Taguig usually spend surfing on social media and how spending too
much time on social media affect your mental health.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
A sample of ninety (90) was selected from the population of one thousand six
hundred fifty (1650). The subjects are randomly selected by the researchers to
provide more accurate data using the Slovin’s formula shown below:
n = N / (1+Ne2).
52
whereas:
n = no. of samples
N = total population
e = error margin / margin of error
INSTRUMENTATION
This study utilized online self-report questionnaire. With the use of this
researcher-made survey as instrument, the specific questions that need
response will be answered.
The first part of the questionnaire entails the student's profile towards
demographics. These included questions on age and grade and section.
The second part of the questionnaire composed of questions of the
respondents' assessment on how they spend time on social media and how it
affects with their mental health. Scales and instruments were used to measure
social media usage, mental health status and relationship satisfaction.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
In gathering data, the researchers collected the needed data through the
use of questionnaire. The questionnaire/survey method was employed because
it is a proven way of effectively answering the problem stated above, accurately.
53
For this study, the researchers collected data from Saint Francis of Assisi College
– Taguig students, the researchers ask the students if it’s okay for them to answer
the questionnaire and explain what the topic is all about so they will have an idea
when answering. Saint Francis of Assisi College - Taguig had a large number of
students so the researchers only collected 90 sample respondents for data
collection survey questionnaire.
The researchers would like to express their deep and sincere gratitude to
the respondents who helped the researchers by giving their answer to the
questionnaire, the researchers are very thankful to them as they gave their
precious time for taking the one-minute survey, their cooperation help the
researchers to analyze and finalize this research.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA
The data to be gathered in this study were subjected to statistical treatment
in order to answer the questions proposed in the study.
The statistical tools employed were the percentage (%) and frequency
were used to interpret the analysis of hours Saint Francis of Assisi College –
Taguig students spend time on social media and its impact on their mental health
were statistically analyze with the data requirements of the study. The following
formula was used:
54
P(%) = F/N x 100

Where:
P(%) = Percentage
F= Frequency
N = Total Number of Respondents
Weighted Mean (x) was used to interpret the mean perceptions of the
repercussions of using social media on their mental health variables.
The Formula is as follows:

X= fx/N
Where:
X = weighted mean
F= frequency
X= weight
N= Total number of respondents
ABITRARY SCALE OF VALUE
To be able to measure the respondents' interpretation in terms with the questions
provided. Below is the following descriptive ratings were used:
Score Range Verbal Interpretation
4 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.51 – 3.25 Agree
2 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree
1 1.75 – 1.00 Strongly Disagree
55
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter contains with the data presentation, analysis and interpretation
of the findings obtained through the study pertaining to the assessment of the
Junior and Senior High School student–respondents. The findings are presented
in tabular form. The result of the study is represented the answers in the specific
questions indicated in the 'Statement of the Problem' in Chapter 1.
56
Table 1
Respondents' Assessment on Repercussions of Social Media: An analysis
of hours Saint Francis of Assisi College – Taguig Students spend time on
Social Media and its impact on their Mental Health – in terms of the time
spent of students on social media
Students
Time Spent WM VI
1-2 hours 2.77 O
3-4 hours 2.74 O
6-8 hours 2.59 O
10 hours and up 2.4 S
Overall Mean 2.63 O
Legend: 3.26 – 4.00: Very Often (VO), 2.51 – 3.25: Often (O), 1.76 – 2.50:
Sometimes (S), 1.00 – 1.75: Never (N)
The table 1 shows the result of the survey in terms of the time spent of
student-respondents on social media. The highest weighted mean is 2.77 which
from 1-2 hours of the time spent, and the lowest weighted mean is 2.4 which from
10 hours and up of the time spent. All these got an overall weighted mean of 2.62
with the verbal interpretation of (O) “Often”.
57
Table 2
classified in terms of the types of social media platforms
Types of Social Media Frequency Percentage

Platforms
Facebook 45 50
Twitter 17 18.5
Messenger 11 12
Tiktok 9 9.8
Instagram 6 6.5
Twitch, Messenger, and 2 2.1
Discord
Total 90 100
The table 2 shows the result of the survey in terms of the factors that
affect students – respondents using social media as classified in types of
social media platforms. The highest frequency is 45 which from (Facebook)
with 50%, and the lowest frequency is 2 which from ' Twitch, Messenger, and
Discord ' with 2.1%.
58
Table 3
Social Media and its impact on their Mental Health – as classified in terms
of the Advantages
Advantages Frequency Percentage
1. Combat loneliness. 11 12.22
2. Find new friends and communities 21 23.33
3. Being socially connected to others 37 41.11
4. Find an outlet for your creativity and 8 8.89
self-expression.
5. Join or promote worthwhile causes; 13 14.44
raise an awareness on important
issue.
Total 90 100
The table 3 shows the result of the survey in terms of the factors that affect
student–respondents using social media as classified in Advantages. The highest
frequency is 37 which from (Combat loneliness) with 41.11 percent, and the lowest
frequency is 8 which from (Find an outlet for your creativity and self-expression)
with 8.89 percent.
59
Table 4
Social Media and its impact on their Mental Health – as classified in terms
of Disadvantages
Disadvantages Frequency Percent
1. Encourage anti-social behaviour. 10 11.11
2. Triggers sadness and anxiety. 36 40
3. Being jealous of what you see on 22 24.44
social media.
4. Fear of missing out. 7 7.78
6. Cyberbullying 15 16.67
Total 90 100
The table 4 shows the result of the survey in terms of the factors that affect
student–respondents using social media as classified in Disadvantages. The
highest frequency is 36 which from (Triggers sadness and anxiety) with 40 percent,
and the lowest frequency is 7 which from (Fear of missing out) with 7.78 percent.
60
Table 5
Respondents’ assessment on Repercussions of Social Media: An analysis
of hours Saint Francis of Assisi College-Taguig students spend their time
on social media and its impact on their mental health - as classified in
terms of Academic
Indicator Students
Academic WM VI
Social media helps you gather and know
more information for academic purpose. 3.44 SA
Spending hours on social media affects
your performance in school 2.73 A
Overall Mean 3.08 A
Legends: 3.26 - 4.00: Strongly Agree (SA), 2.51 - 3.25: Agree (A), 1.76 - 2.50:
Disagree (D), 1.00 - 1.75: Strongly Disagree (SD)
As shown in table 5. Indicates that the result of the survey questionnaire
in terms of Academic of the students-respondents has the overall mean of
(x̄=3.08). The highest weighted mean is (x̄=3.44) that focuses on (Social media
helps you gather and know more information for academic purpose). And the
lowest weighted mean is (x̄=2.73) in terms of (Spending hours on social media
affects your performance in school). This means that the verbal interpretation of
the students’ participants is interpreted as Agree.
61
Table 6
classified in Behavior
INDICATOR Students
Behavior WM VI
Frequent exposure to social media 2.81 A

platforms make you think negative
thoughts
Social media cause you trigger 2.66 A
anxiety
Have been bullied or make fun of on 2.41 A
social media
Used social media to seek or offer 2.77 A
emotional support during tough
times.
Feel left out when you don’t use 2.41 A
social media
Overall Mean 2.61 A
Legend: 3.26 - 4.00 : Strongly Agree (SA), 2.51- 3.25: Agree (A), 1.76 -
2.50: Disagree (D), 1.00 - 1.75: Strongly Disagree (SA)
in terms of behavior of the students-respondents has the overall mean of
(x̄=2.61). The highest weighted mean is (x̄=2.81) that focuses on (Frequent
exposure to social media platforms make you think negative thoughts). And the
lowest weighted mean is (x̄=2.41) in terms of (Have been bullied or make fun of
62
on social media and Feel left out when you don’t use social media). This means
that the verbal interpretation of the students’ participants is interpreted as Agree.
Table 7
classified in Lifestyle
INDICATOR Students
Lifestyle WM VI
Social media is important to your
lifestyle/everyday life. 3.21 A
Social media influence your 2.57 A
everyday life
Overall Mean 2.89 A
Legend: 3.26 - 4.00 : Strongly Agree (SA), 2.51 - 3.25: Agree (A), 1.76 -
in terms of lifestyle of the students-respondents has the overall mean of
(x̄=2.89). The highest weighted mean is (x̄=3.21) that focuses of (Social media
is important to your lifestyle/everyday life). And the lowest weighted mean is
(x̄=2.57) in terms of (Social media influence your everyday life). This means that
the verbal interpretation of the student-participants is interpreted as Agree.
63
Table 8
classified in Personal
INDICATOR Students
Personal WM VI
Social media affects your time 2.96 A

management
Using social media deprive your 3.13 A
sleep
Posting on social media boost your 2.83 A
confidence
Overall Mean 2.97 A
Legend: 3.26 - 4.00 : Strongly Agree (SA), 2.51 - 3.25: Agree (A), 1.76 -

in terms of Personal of the students-respondents has the overall mean of
(x̄=2.97). The highest weighted mean is (x̄=3.13) that focuses of (Using social
media deprive your sleep). And the lowest weighted mean is (x̄=2.83) in terms
of (Posting on social media boost your confidence). This means that the verbal
interpretation of the students’ participants is interpreted as Agree.
64
Table 9
classified in Socialization
INDICATOR Students
Socialization WM VI
Tend to interact more on social 2.37 A
media than to socialize personally
Social media keeping you online 3.28 SA
Overall Mean 2.82 A
Legend: 3.26 - 4.00 : Strongly Agree (SA), 2.51 - 3.25: Agree (A),1.76 -
in terms of Socialization of the students-respondents has the overall mean of
(x̄=2.82). The highest weighted mean is (x̄=3.28) that focuses of (Communicate
with friends and families). And the lowest weighted mean is (x̄=2.37) in terms of
(Tend to interact more on social media than to socialize personally). This means
that the verbal interpretation of the students’ participants is interpreted as Agree.
65
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the revaluation of the problems posted, a brief summary
of problems stated, the student-respondents and statistical treatment of data.
Findings, conclusions drawn, and the recommendations gathered in the
course of the study are the major parts of this chapter.
Summary of Findings
The following are the results of the data gathered from the previous
chapter.
1. The Numeracy Level of students of SFAC-Taguig in terms of spending
time on social media got the highest mean of 2.77 with the indicator of -
1-2 hours of the time spent on social media, with a verbal interpretation
of Often. Moreover, the lowest mean is 2.4 in terms of 10 hours and up
of the time spent on social media, with a verbal interpretation of
Sometimes.
66
2. According to the distribution of student-respondents of SFAC-Taguig in
terms of the types of social media platforms used. The largest
frequency of 45 or 50% is Facebook, while the smallest frequency of 2
or 2.1% is Twitch, Messenger, and Discord.
terms of social media’s advantages. The largest frequency of 37 or
41.11% in being socially connected to others, while the smallest
frequency of 8 or 8.89% in having an outlet for your creativity and self-
expression and the other result follows; 21 of them in finding new
friends and communities with 23.33%, 13 of them is to Join or promote
worthwhile causes; raise an awareness on important issue with
14.44%, and 11 of them is to combat loneliness with 12.22%.
terms of social media’s disadvantages. The largest frequency of 36 or
40% in causing sadness and anxiety, while the smallest frequency of 7
or 7.78 with the fear of missing out and the other result follows; 22 of
them being jealous of what they see on social media with 24.44%, 15 of
them been cyberbullied with 16.67, and 10 of them had been
encourage for anti-social behavior with 11.11%.
5. The numeracy level of students of SFAC-Taguig in terms of social
media help them in their academics got the highest mean of (x̄=3.44)
that focuses on - Social media helps you gather and know more
67
information for academic purpose, with the verbal interpretation of
Strongly Agree. On the other hand, some Agree that - Spending hours
on social media affects their performance in school with the mean of
(x̄=2.73).
media affects their behavior got the highest mean of (x̄=2.81) that
focuses on - Frequent exposure to social media platforms make you
think negative thoughts, with the verbal interpretation of Agree. On the
other hand, the lowest mean is (x̄=2.41) in terms of - Have been bullied
or make fun of on social media and feel left out when they don’t use
social media, with the verbal interpretation of Agree.
media affects their lifestyle got the highest mean of (x̄=3.21) that
focuses on - Social media is important to their lifestyle or everyday life,
with the verbal interpretation of Agree. While the lowest mean is
(x̄=2.57) with a verbal interpretation of Agree, in terms of - Social media
influence your everyday life.
media affecting their personal lives has the largest mean of (x̄=3.13)
with the indicator of - Using social media deprive your sleep, with a
verbal interpretation of Agree. While the smallest mean is (x̄=2.83) with
68
the indicator of - Posting on social media boost your confidence, with a
verbal interpretation of Agree.
media affects socializing with the highest mean of (x̄=3.28) with a
verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree, with the indicator of -
Communicate with friends and families. On the other hand, the lowest
mean is (x̄=2.37) in terms of - Tend to interact more on social media
than to socialize personally, with a verbal interpretation of Agree.
Conclusion
Based on the finding of the study, the following conclusion are drawn:
Most of the student-respondents often spends their time in 1-2 hours and
“Facebook” is the social media platform that they often used in daily basis. But
as of the responses that we have received from some of the students of Saint
Francis of Assisi College Taguig Campus, actually triggered their anxiety
because of social media. And we have also received that it makes some of
them over think, negative thoughts and it also affects their time management
which could affect their academic performances. But there are also the
positive effects like, it could help them to gather and know information for
academic purposes, being socially connected to other people despite of the
pandemic and it also helps them to seek or offer emotional support during
69
tough times. Overall, the survey results show the researchers that social
media could greatly affects us in either positive and negative way.
Recommendations
Based on the results of the findings the following recommendation has
been drawn:
1. To the Community
It may serve as an awareness for the citizens. It will give the
additional knowledge and information regarding the effects of
social media in one’s life. It encourages the community to be
more careful and cautious when using social media, and provide
a safe space for everyone.
2. To the Students
Know the advantages and disadvantages in using social media
in their everyday lives and take their mental health seriously. To
encourage every student to make the internet a safe space for
everyone, free of bullying and discrimination. And to know when
it’s the right time to stop using social media as a form of
70
communication whenever there’s a chance for physical
interaction.
3. To the Parents
To monitor their children when it comes to using social media. To
be informed that too much social media can cause mental health
problems for everyone. Encourage to make the internet a safe
place for everyone, especially for children.
References
 Amelia Strickland (2014), Exploring the Effects of Social Media Use on
the Mental Health of Young Adults. https://stars.library.ucf.edu
 Bashir, H. and Bhat, S.A., (2017), Effects of Social Media on Mental
Health: A Review. https://www.researchgate.net
 Boivin, M., Hymel, S., & Bukowski, W. M. (1995), The Roles of Social
Withdrawal, Peer Rejection, and Victimization by Peers in Predicting
Loneliness and Depressed Mood in Childhood.
https://www.researchgate.net
71
 Burt, K. B., & Masten, A. S. (2010), Development in the transition to
adulthood: Vulnerabilities and opportunities.
https://books.google.com.ph
 Dan (2019), Social Media Statistics in the Philippines.
https://www.talkwalker.com
 Deters, F., & Mehl, M. R. (2012), Does Posting Facebook Status
Updates Increase or Decrease Loneliness? An Online Social
Networking Experiment. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
 Drouin, M., Kaiser, D. H., & Miller, D. A. (2012), Phantom Vibrations
among Undergraduates: Prevalence and Associated Psychological
Characteristics. https://scholar.google.com.ph
 Hodgins, D. C., Fick, G. H., Murray, R., & Cunningham, J. A. (2013),
Internet-based interventions for disordered gamblers: study protocol for
72
a randomized controlled trial of online self-directed cognitive-
behavioural motivational therapy. https://scholar.google.com
 Kalpidou, M., Costin, D., & Morris, J. (2011), The relationship between
Facebook and the well-being of undergraduate college students.
https://www.liebertpub.com
 Karim, Fazida, et al. (2020), Social Media Use and Its Connection to
Mental Health: A Systematic Review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
 Kim, J., LaRose, R., & Peng, W. (2009), Loneliness as the cause and
the effect of problematic Internet use: The relationship between Internet
use and psychological well-being. https://www.researchgate.net
 Kraut, Robert, et al. (1998), Internet paradox: A social technology that
reduces social involvement and psychological well-being.
https://psycnet.apa.org
73
 Pantic, Igor, et al. (2012), Association between online social networking
and depression in high school students: behavioral physiology
viewpoint. https://scholar.google.com.ph
 Rosen, Larry D., et al. (2013), The Media and Technology Usage and
Attitudes Scale: An Empirical Investigation.
https://www.sciencedirect.com
 Schwartz, H. Andrew, et al. (2014), Towards assessing changes in
degree of depression through facebook. https://www.aclweb.org
 Skues, J. L., Williams, B., & Wise, L. (2012), The effects of personality
traits, self-esteem, loneliness, and narcissism on Facebook use among
university students. https://www.sciencedirect.com
 Staddon, J. E., & Cerutti, D. T. (2003), Operant conditioning.
https://scholar.google.com
 Umberson, D., & Karas Montez, J. (2010), Social relationships and
health: A flashpoint for health policy. https://journals.sagepub.com
74
 Walther, J. B. (1999), Communication addiction disorder: Concern over
media, behavior and effects. http://www.fenichel.com
 We Are Social (2020), Philippines Tops Internet and Social Media Use.
https://www.marketing-interactive.com
75
January 04, 2020
Dear Mr. Joseph C. Sumale
As part of the requirement in the course, Practical Research 2:

Quantitative Research, the undersigned is containing a research and entitled
SOCIAL MEDIA AND ITS IMPACT ON THEIR MENTAL HEALTH.
To make this study possible, the researchers need your honest

response on the following questions with regards of the study, please be
assured of the confidentiality of the responses.
Thank you for your support and cooperation. To God be all the glory!
Very Respectfully yours;

Carpio, Janela D.
Moral, Rizza J.
Contents Noted:
Mr. Jason D. Tabuyan

Adviser
76
January 04, 2020
Dear Mr. Domingo C. Pante Jr.



Carpio, Janela D.
Moral, Rizza J.
Contents Noted:

Adviser
77
January 04, 2020
Dear Ms. Maricar V. Llona



Carpio, Janela D.
Moral, Rizza J.
Contents Noted:

Adviser
78
January 04, 2020
Dear Mr. Christian Mark D. Llosala



Carpio, Janela D.
Moral, Rizza J.
Contents Noted:

Adviser
79
January 04, 2020
Dear Mr. Jimmy A. Gunsian



Carpio, Janela D.
Moral, Rizza J.
Contents Noted:

Adviser
80
January 04, 2020
Dear Ms. Jean Paula T. Datuon



Carpio, Janela D.
Moral, Rizza J.
Contents Noted:

Adviser
81

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SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE – TAGUIG CAMPUS

REPERCUSSIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA: AN ANALYSIS OF HOURS SAINT

An Undergraduate Research Presented to the Senior High School

In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the

12 - Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS 3)

Abella, Jose Ricardo P.

This thesis entitled “REPERCUSSIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA: AN

JASON DAVID D. TABUYAN, LPT

Practical Research Teacher

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Grade 12 –

JASON DAVID D. TABUYAN, LPT NORIEL A. LASTROLLO, LPT

PRACTICAL RESEARCH COORDINATOR, SENIOR HIGH

GILBERT C. SIBALA, Ph. D.

The researchers extend their appreciation and sincerest gratitude to the

to the accomplishment of this study.

Mr. Jason David T. Tabuyan, the researchers’ research teacher, for

and conducting the study.

Fellow SFAC Students, for answering the researchers’ survey and

help gathered data.

12-HUMSS 3, for helping the researchers’ finish the study and

gathering data from other SFAC Students.

strength, ideas, passion, and inspiration to finish this research.

CHAPTER 1 – THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

CHAPTER 2 – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Chapter 4 – PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRATIONS OF DATA

Respondents' Assessment on Repercussions of Social Media: An

Respondents' Assessment on Repercussions of Social Media: An

Respondents' Assessment on Repercussions of Social Media: An

Respondents' Assessment on Repercussions of Social Media: An

Respondents’ assessment on Repercussions of Social Media: An

Respondents’ assessment on Repercussions of Social Media: An

CHAPTER 5 – SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

TITLE : REPERCUSSIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA: AN ANALYSIS

b OF HOURS IN SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE -

b TAGUIG STUDENTS SPEND TIME ON SOCIAL MEDIA

b AND ITS IMPACT ON THEIR MENTAL HEALTH

RESEARCHERS : Jose Ricardo Abella

DEGREE : Grade 12 – Humanities and Social Sciences Strand 2

INSTITUTION : SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE - TAGUIG

ADVISER : Jason David D. Tabuyan, LPT

respondents be profiled in terms of basic operations and data gathered, analysis

of psychological behavior, and problem-solving skills as a responsible and

management as well as appropriate behaviors while using social media. (4)

researchers, conducted this kind of research to the SFAC students in order to

analyze the hours in a simple Mathematical knowledge in terms on their daily

basis of using social media apps, repercussions of using it too much as a

and a simple understanding about the basic knowledge in the repercussions of

advantages and disadvantages of social media to the mental health. As

SFAC students to gain more information knowledge and insights to increase

but also to the whole netizens as well.

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Social media is a web-based technology to facilitate social interaction

networking sites, photo sharing sites, instant messaging, video-sharing sites,

podcast, widget, virtual words, and more.

Social media affects human psychology in unprecedented ways. They

activate rewarding centers in the brain, by directly involving the concentration of

dopamine in the process. Dopamine is a chemical, which regulates feelings of