Chapter 1: Introduction: Automatic Brake Failure Indicator
Chapter 1: Introduction: Automatic Brake Failure Indicator
Chapter 1: Introduction: Automatic Brake Failure Indicator
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by slowing down a body
or by slowing it. Brakes retard the motion of a body creating friction between two
working surfaces and convert the kinetic energy of the moving body into heat.
Sometimes brake failure may occur when the brake lining is cut-off. Most brakes
commonly use friction between two surfaces pressed together to convert the kinetic
energy of the moving object into heat, though other methods of energy conversion
may be employed.
Still other braking methods even transform kinetic energy into different
forms, for example by transferring the energy to a rotating flywheel. Brakes are
generally applied to rotating axles or wheels, but also take other forms such as the
surface of a moving fluid (flaps deployed into water or air). Some vehicles use a
combination of braking mechanisms, such as drag racing cars with both wheel
brakes and a parachute, or airplanes with both wheel brakes and drag flaps raised
into the air during landing. The aim of this work is to design a braking system with
indicator. Brake failure occurs only because of worn out of brake shoe and cut in
liner. This system provides audio and visual alert when the brake fails.
The problem is that as the birth ratio is increasing, the accidents are getting
in number which is one of the major problems faced in this era and it would be
rapidly increasing in the coming period. So, everyone tries to avoid accidents while
travelling but sometimes it is unavoidable. Accidents are happening at each nook
of the streets around the world. Lakhs of life result in death as an aspect of these
accidents.
The main components of EBS are the NE555 timer and the BC557 transistor
followed by braking mechanism to wheel.
The pnp junction transistor which is bs, 557 model is used to control the
light emitting diodes and the 5V buzzer. Whenever the wire which is managed to
connect in concurrence with the automobile braking wire. the transistor will get a
supply voltage of maximum voltage. This helps the circuit to work such that the
green diode itself glows, leaving the red led and the buzzer in turn off condition.
When there is circuit damage like abnormality in the brake wire condition
the transistor will be in off condition, then the green led will be turned off. Which
in turn activates the red led and the buzzer will be connected to the ground. The
timer used will be in Astable condition. This gives the blinking of led or the beep
sound.
The detailed diagram of circuit and EBS are depicted above. can observe that
the failure in brake system alerts the timer which periodically checks for voltage
provided across the terminals and gives the audio and visual output to the driver as
red light and buzzer sound. This activates the emergency braking system. The
motor rotates the wheel at an angle of 90° .then the hydraulic system lowers the
emergency wheels to reach the ground to make in synchronization with the vehicle
velocity. Now at this movement driver can activate the emergency brakes attached
to these wheels in addition to pressing the clutch so that engine won’t be powering
the vehicle. The whole process will take less time if it use efficient spares and
standard mechanisms. This will slow down the vehicle and stops at certain point.
To avoid the major accidents which are caused by brake failures can be reduced
using this mechanism.
Fig.4.1:Logo of software
TINKERCAD
Fig.4.2.1 555Timer
2. RESISTORS
Fig.4.2.2 Resistor(440kΩ)
3. CAPACITORS
Fig.4.2.3: Capacitor(1µF)
4. LED LIGHTS
Fig.4.2.4:LED LIGHTS
5. TRANSISTOR
Fig.4.2.4: Transistor(PNP)
6. BUZZER
Fig.4.2.6:Buzzer
7. BREAD BOARD
The solder less breadboard does not require soldering, it is reusable. This makes it
easy to use for creating temporary prototypes and experimenting with circuit
design. For this reason, solderless breadboards are also popular with students and
in technological education.
8. BATTERY
Fig.4.2.8:Battery(9V)
The proposed circuit can be easily engineered on any board like in this case
bread board is used, pcb board makes the circuit even more simpler to make it
rigid whenever the copper wire which is termed as brake wire is cut the timer
operates in astable mode it makes the transistor off so it turns off the green led the
red led and the buzzer will be in ON condition.
5.2. Calculations
Time1 =0.693*(R1+R2)*C1=0.693(1K+440K)*(1mF)=0.305ms
Time2 = 0.693*R2*C1=0.693*440K*1mF=0.304ms
T = (T1+T2) =0.609ms
R1 Ω R2 Ω C1 (F) T1 T2 T F
1000 44000 0.000001 0.305613 0.30492 0.610533 1.63
R1, R2 - Resistors, C1, C2 – Capacitors, T1&T2 are ON and OFF times for timer -
Time Period - Frequency.
5.3. WORKING
ii. If the brake system is intact then green LED blinks and for around one
second and when the brake fails the buzzer beeps and also only red will LED
glows.
iii. Then emergency breaking mechanism is also powered the motor rotates the
wheel to angle of 90° angle so that it aligns under the vehicle.
iv. The hydraulic system works (or a hydraulic drive system) is a transmission
system that uses pressurized hydraulic fluid to power hydraulic machinery.
v. This will lower the wheel slowly to certain height and makes the wheels to
lift 1cm above ground balances the system and runs with its own speed
vi. Now they can apply the hand brake to stop it completely and vehicle stops
eventually
vii. Instead of applying hand brake suddenly (which leads to accident) one can
stop the vehicle through this method safely.
The main purpose of this project is to supply such a tool to vehicles operator
in order that any harmful harm and damages accidents caused by failure of brake
may be simply prevented by the correct indication of operating condition of brake.
This system endlessly monitors the condition of the brake wire and alerts the rider
before it gets cut. The indication to the rider is given within the type of audio sign.
The entire elements area unit placed rigorously, therefore contributory to the most
effective working of the unit. Therefore the project has been with success designed
and tested. The emergency braking system will be a new era of vehicle protection
system if implemented in any motor vehicles to protect them from accidents.
There have been many devices to stop the vehicle at abnormal conditions. But the
proposed model deals with application of brake before any accident could happen
and also ensures the safety of human as well as vehicle.
7.1 ADVANTAGES
Economical .
Circuit is very simple.
It is not dependent on Fuel level.
Very less power consumption.
There is no necessity of an external battery as circuit uses the battery of the
vehicle itself.
7.2 DISADVANTAGES
CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9: REFERENCES
[3] Pandit Biradar, Jitendra Baravkar, Komal Bhujbal, Avi Bhapkar “Automatic
Brake Failure Detection with Auxiliary Braking System”in International Journal
for Science and Advance Research in Technology Volume 2 Issue 3 –MARCH
2016
http://ijsart.com/Content/PDFDocuments/IJSARTV2I3845.pdf
[5] Vishal Pagar, Pravin Shewale, Harshad Savkar, Bhushan Surale, Vikram
Londhe “Automatic Brake Fluid Leakage Prevention with Safety Bypass Braking
System”in International Journal for Scientific Research & Development|, Vol. 5,
Issue 12, 2018 http://www.ijsrd.com/articles/IJSRDV5I120116.pdf