Learning
Learning
Learning
Introduction
human’s life. Both males and females need to be educated. Education plays an
important role in the development of the country. If a country does not have
education. There are many factors that affect the education system. Culture,
economic and of course, the technology matters give much impact to the
There are several moderns teaching and learning. In a 2009 report released by
the National Centre for Education Statistics with the Department of Education
(DepEd): 74% of Pre-K to 12th grade teachers said that technology has helped
them reinforce and expand content and has also motivated students to learn.
73% of these teachers also reported that technology enables them to respond to
a variety of learning styles and allows them to demonstrate things that could not
demonstrated otherwise. Modern teaching techniques have been spread all over
the world, which is useful and easy for teachers. Modern teaching techniques
educate children well and make them understand clearly. In this era, there is an
1
increased usage of the internet in educational applications; this could mean that
students and teachers will increasingly make use of technology within open and
and video files are transmitted from one cellphone to another in seconds, latest
mobiles and iPhone allow us to connect to the internet through wireless network.
There is a belief that new technologies have the potential to support curriculum
(Vrasidas & McIssac, 2000). The new technologies are reshaping the curriculum
teaching but with the help of electronic resources. While teaching can be based
in or out of the classrooms, the use of computers and the Internet forms the
major component of E-learning. It involves the use of digital tools for teaching
study anytime and anywhere. E-learning also provide quick delivery of lessons.
quick delivery cycles. Moreover, this indicates that the time required to learn is
accomplished in the shortest time with least amount of effort. Both learners and
2
instructors can be able to accomplish and keep up with development as they
(2005) are ensured. This is because the environments for e-learning are tolerant,
so they are a good way of offering equal access to the information world
irrespective of the locations of the users, their ages as well as ethnic origins, and
on themselves for the reason that instructors are no longer the solitary
knowledge source. They instead become advisors and guides (Alsalem, 2004). E-
learning also aids in the preparation of the society to globally communicate and
the likely benefits of e-learning are greater than the benefits of traditional
exploration of much flexible learning ways with much reduced need for travel to
offers teachers with several ways of interacting with learners and to give them
essential for those who embrace the advanced technology during the process of
Technology (ICT). Other studies (Singh, 2001; Hemsley, 2002; and Sadler-Smith
3
2000) also give the advantages or benefits of e-learning to students. For
communication between and among students and between students and faculty
or instructors. Hemsley (2002) have stated the opinion that full time and part
time students can participate easily accessible resource for learning and
importance than before. This technology will help to prevent the spread of
Pangalangan National High School in San Carlos City, with a student population
there are no known studies conducted in the province. As such this study aims to
School.
4
Statement of the Problem
a. Age
b. Sex
c. Subject handled
a. Number of computers
b. Number of projectors
terms of:
b. Teaching
c. Facilities
5
Scope and Delimitations
This scope of the study will mainly focus on the extent of integration of e-
Students - The study will help the students to learn conveniently while
saving money and time. Also, students don’t have to travel somewhere to build
Teachers- The study will help the teachers to develop their teaching
styles with the use of modern technology. It also gives them the ability to receive
constant feedback from their students whether they understand the material or
not.
paperless. Paper manufacturing is the third largest fossil fuel industry which has
direct consequences for mother nature. D. future Researchers- This study will
6
serve as their reference if they are interested about experimenting that will help
their community. This research will also serve as motivation to do more research
Definition of Terms
To shed light in this study, these are the terms used. They are defined
study, it will be use as a tool to introduce new teaching and learning system.
it has the ability to store, retrieve and process data. In this study, it served as
apparatus with a system of lenses for projecting slides or film onto a screen. In
this study, it served as independent variable as one of the profile of the school in
integrating e-learning.
connect to the internet using computer terminals, computers, and other devices;
and to access services such as email and World Wide Web. In this study, it
e-learning.
7
Learning Management System (LMS)- is a software application for
CHAPTER 2
some issues and topics concerning the study in order to help the researchers
Related Literature
Foreign
types of e-learning according to learning tools, while others have chosen to focus
8
These databases contain bits of information which the student has to learn,
way communication between the student and the computer, determination can
satisfactory level. If not, then processes can be repeated until the student has
software for the students or the kind of training software used by Patrick Suppes
Most schools nowadays, both online and traditional, use different variations of
in their students.
learning activity together at the same time, from any place in the world. Real-
9
videoconferencing, as these tools allow training participants and instructors to
ask and answer questions instantly while being able to communicate with the
other participants.
independently at different times and locations from each other, without real-time
Fixed e-learning is a fancy name for something you are likely already
familiar with. “Fixed” in this context means that the content used during the
learning process does not change from its original state and all the participating
students receive the same information as all the others. The materials are
predetermined by the
makes it possible to adapt and redesign learning materials for each individual
before.
data. When done correctly, this could mean a new era for educational science.
10
While this type of e-learning can be more difficult to plan and accomplish than
understated.
means that information passes from sender to receiver, without exception. In the
case of e-learning, this becomes a very limiting factor, as it does not allow two-
way communication between teachers and students. This type of e-learning does
have its place in education, although it’s becoming less relevant with time.
Sending training materials to students through television and radio programs are
involved. From the messages sent and received, the teachers and students can
make changes to their teaching and learning methods. For this reason,
centeredness of the material. This type of learning has been the norm in
learning, the students study the learning materials on their own (individually),
and they are expected to meet their learning goals on their own.
11
This type of learning is not ideal for developing communicational skills and
abilities.
which multiple students learn and achieve their learning objectives together as a
individual student has to take into account the strengths and weaknesses of each
other student. This boosts the communicational skills teamworking abilities of the
developed inside a group of individuals where they can interact and learn from
each other.
than in online courses, it’s still a valid type of e-learning which can be highly
learning in education, several studies and authors have provided benefits and
12
The most evident advantage of E-learning is that, it allows flexibility and
open learning for the students hence, giving them the time to attend to other
things such as working and so forth. In addition, the increased demand for off-
courses. In addition, e-learners are given the opportunity to interact with faculty
E- learning is also cheaper for the students as it saves both time and
money thus making higher education more available than before. It provides
systems. Slow learners are particularly advantages by online programs since they
get to spend as much time as they wish reading and participating online than
13
In fact, Aseniero (2013) and her group made a study to create E-learning
Android phones.
control over content, learning sequence, pace of learning, time, and often media,
objectives.
integral part of the 21st century education and training which is adopted by
different institutions. In their paper, they discussed the concept of e-learning and
curriculum development.
(Ryan et al., 2016). Its most prominent feature is the absence of the physical
(Bernard et al., 2014; Chigeza and Halbert, 2014; Northey et al., 2015; Israel,
2015; Potter, 2015). Typically, the online learning setting is launched through so-
Local
14
According to Jo Ann D. Doculan, in his “E-learning Readiness Assessment
addresses the gaps in teaching and learning. E-learning is the use of technology
the same time. It also creates economic benefits and make lifelong learning
opportunity for all. In 2012, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) thru its
CHED Memorandum Order No. 46, ordered the promotion and adaptation of
learner-centered learning.
the Internet has become one of the vital ways to make available resources for
research and learning for both teachers and students to share and acquire
15
1998; Keller and Cernerud, 2002). According to Maltz et al (2005), the term ‘e-
and enhance learning in institutions of higher education and includes the usage
classrooms, online learning or mixing the two modes. Also, according to Wentling
et al (2000) the term e-learning refers to the attainment and use of knowledge
literature review on definitions for e-learning, Liu and Wang (2009) found that
the features of e- learning process are chiefly centered on the internet; global
environment for learning is created to overcome issues of distance and time (Liu
(Jennex, 2005; Twigg, 2002) to enable a workforce with the knowledge and skills
needed to turn change into benefit (Jennex, 2005). Welsh et al. (2003) also
16
Liaw and Huang (2003) defined e-learning based on the summaries of its
receive individualized support and also to have learning schedules that is more
support of this thought reported that the number of courses online has vividly
increased as a result of the attained benefits for both learners and universities.
2003; Holmes and Gardner, 2006), the technological perspective (Wentling et al.
2000; Nichols, 2003) and also from the perspective of e-learning as pedagogy
learning is used synonymously with online leaning and concerns the online
17
assessments, sharing learning resources and content, and students’ submissions
of course requirements.
including the behavior pf the universities. The need to acquire and to provide
Related Studies
Foreign Studies
can discuss lessons online and exchange learning resources. In this millennial
age where learning style has shifted from traditional to a more student-centered
learning, e-learning became widely used. Not only does it enhance classroom
instruction, it has also helped address the problem with conflicting time and
distant spaces among teachers and students. Abbad et al. defines e-learning to
mean any learning that in enables electronically. It was also described by Jethro
18
et al. as computer assisted learning, and as pedagogy for student-centered and
just the offering of wholly online courses. E-learning provides facilities for sharing
of learning resources and easy interaction among learners and teachers. Other e-
makes it easier for students to track their progress. Parents could also be invited
language learning
the product: ‘Results suggest the importance of motivation to learn and workload
It is concluded that even for adult learners, social interaction with instructors and
and active participation in online discussion’ (Jung et al, 2002: 153). Therefore,
the e-Learning solution and process, the key factors are ‘interaction’ and
19
than face-to-face learning, interaction is generally considered to be critical to the
workload discouraged several teachers’ (Hawkes and Good 2000). The learner is
presented via the e-Learning solution in case studies, simulations or actual work
situations.
its use in-creases in a direct proportion with the increase of the number of
students. This has made educators exert a lot of effort to help the learners to get
interactive content that is full of multimedia as it has been proven that it has a
using internet or intranet.” According to “e” in e-learning should not stand for
20
electronic; it should be an abbreviation for “evolving, enhanced, everywhere,
every time and every-body.” In fact, the quotation of shows most of the
term and tools do exist for over a decade, the educational research field has not
given enough attention to the study of student motivation under the effect of e-
technology has developed and progressed over the years. The 21st century has
seen rapid progress with such things as the Internet and online learning. The
higher education. According to findings, there has been a rise of about 12-14
percent annually in enrolment for online learning over a five-year period: 2004-
way.
education. On one hand, Thai educators hope that e-learning will provide a
pathway to education for students who are unable to access higher education:
21
Local studies
Wooyoung So, (2007), Filipino culture places a high value on education. For the
majority of the Filipinos, the only best thing for a child to acquire and secure a
Philippines. Its use is still sporadic and most users represent only a small
build dynamic teaching and learning experiences that are tailored to developing
and transforming the educators and learners needed to power the digital
economy. For some reasons, however, there is still a big chunk of people
especially students who aren’t ready yet to embrace the technological change in
the field of education. This study aims to determine the factors affecting
Systems (LMS) in the Filipino context. A conceptual model was proposed based
on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) which was extended through the
Quality Work of Life (PQWL) as additional predictor values. The constructs were
22
characterized to explore users’ attitudes towards IT at three levels. The target
population in this research was Filipino students from colleges that are
the Philippines. The collected data from 629 Filipino college students were
practical and technical implications applicable for local and global school
The researchers came up with the idea that this research will help the
schools and teachers to expand their knowledge about e-learning and on how
they will connect to their students using this modern way of teaching.
information to the proponents that their proposed study has similarities with
each other which is widely useable for understanding the cause of global
Theoretical Framework
23
According to Abubakar and Hassan (2013), e learning has become an
integral part of the 21st century education and training which is adopted by
the gaps in teaching and learning. E-learning is the use of technology to enhance
Conceptual Framework
figure 1.
Figure 1
METHODOLOGY
and techniques used in this study, instrument of the study, and the data
Research Design
The descriptive research design was use by the researchers in this study.
25
and systematically describe the population, situation or phenomenon. It can
answer what, when, where, and how questions, the data processing statistical
data. A descriptive research design can use a wide variety of research methods
to investigate one or more variables. The main focus of this study is to assess
Pakilagyan ng discussion
researchers. The questionnaire consists of four parts. The first part of the
including age, sex and subject handled, while the second part of documents
dealt with the profile of school. Nawawala ang second and third part The last
assess the contribution of HEI students in preventing the global warming. In the
questionnaire, Likert Scale was used to determine if the respondents are (SA),
strongly agree (A), agree (N), Neutral (D), disagree (SD), strongly disagree. The
26
researchers will request permission from the respondents, research instructor,
The statistical tool utilized in the analysis and interpretation of data of the
F
Formula: P= x100%
N
where: P = percentage
F = frequent distribution
∑ fx
AWM=
N
f = frequency of score
x = relative value/scale
N = number of respondents
27
The assessment on the contribution of the respondents were describe
CHAPTER 4
28
This part of research reports include data gathered which were analyze
The profile of respondents is given upon in terms of age, sex and subject
classrooms of Pangalangan National High School, the following terms are given
It can be gleaned in the table below that in terms of age there are 8 or
26.67% of respondents belong to the age bracket of 48-57 year’s old. This
study conducted by Thomas (2021) which claims that public teachers finish their
degree at old age and require professional education and continuing their
the age range of 38-47 years old, parallel with the study of Santos (2019) which
claims that most of the respondents are permanent on their job as a teacher and
29
Table 1
the study of Tani (2019) which claims that female teachers are dominant in
schools because they were more nurturing than men and were seen as the ideal
30
yan ang findings) This is in parallel with the study of Clark (2017) which claims
developing important and intellectual skills in solving problem. While there are 3
Health, similar with the study of which claims that there are problems in the said
subject, MAPEH teachers need to be trained and requires a great number of skills
and proficiencies.
Table 2
93.33% of respondents believe that having many computers in their schools is a big
31
help. This implies _____________________ (bakit yan ang findings). This is in
parallel with the study of Williamson, (2018) which claims that computers contribute
infinite resources of learning and made education more flexible and easy to access.
respondents are using projectors in their school, consonance with the study of Dotcom,
parallel with the study of _____which claims that using projectors can improve the
_____________________ (bakit yan ang findings). This is same with the study
of Enfres, (2017) that having internet in schools can improve the quality of
respondents are Agree that Learning Management System This implies that this
is a big help for teachers. This is in consonance with the study of, which claims
that LMS frees teacher from much of misery of paper works, expands what
teachers can do and also talk to students looking at the same data.
32
Table 3
Indicators SD D N A SA WM DE
a. Do you think e-
0 0 1 24 5 4.13
learning can be an
A
effective way in learning
0.00 0.00 3.33 80.00 16.67
the various subjects?
b. Do you think e-
0 0 2 25 3 4.03
learning can be for
A
efficient in learning the
0.00 0.00 6.67 83.33 10.00
various subjects?
c. Students can cope up 0 0 12 17 1 3.63
in learning through the e- A
learning method. 0.00 0.00 40.00 56.67 3.33
d. Leaners will
0 0 13 14 3 3.67
immediately attain
A
different learning
0.00 0.00 43.33 46.67 10.00
objectives.
e. E learning ensures
students development 0 0 4 22 4 4.00
A
and advancement
through various lessons. 0.00 0.00 13.33 73.33 13.33
Mean 3.89
Legend: 1-Strongly Disagree; 2 - Disagree; 3 - Neutral; 4 - Agree; 5 - Strongly Agree
33
The table 3 shows that in terms of Curriculum, indicator B got a total
weighted mean of 4.13% and a descriptive rating of Agree which means that
teachers believe that this time of pandemic e-learning can be an effective way in
learning the various subjects and gives a better option for students (Soni, 2015).
While indicator C got a least weighted mean of 3.63% with a descriptive rating of
Agree. It implies that not all students can cope up with e-learning method
Table 4
Indicators SD D N A SA WM DE
a. Do you think teachers
can be able and willing to 0 0 0 22 8 4.27
teach using the e-learning A
73.3
method? 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.67
3
b. E-learning can be an 0 0 1 24 5 4.13
easier and convenient way A
of teaching. 80.0
0.00 0.00 3.33 16.67
0
c. Students can learn the
0 0 5 21 4 3.97
same from the traditional
A
way of teaching and e- 70.0
0.00 0.00 16.67 13.33
learning. 0
d. Teacher should motivate
0 0 2 23 5 4.10
students to participate on E
A
learning 76.6
0.00 0.00 6.67 16.67
7
e. Teacher must create and
0 0 1 27 2 4.03
maintain strong presence
A
when teaching online. 90.0
0.00 0.00 3.33 6.67
0
Mean 4.10
Legend: 1-Strongly Disagree; 2 - Disagree; 3 - Neutral; 4 - Agree; 5 - Strongly Agree
34
Table 4 shows that in terms of teaching, indicator E got a total weighted
mean of 90.00% with a descriptive rating of Agree, which means teachers know
that they need to create strong presence when teaching online, it contribute
students sense of learning and respect to their teacher (Perciso, et al, 2010).
Further, indicator C got a least weighted mean of 3.97 and a descriptive rating of
Agree. This shows that there is a difference in traditional way of teaching and e-
learning. People always think that interacting trainer face to face is the best way
Table 5
Indicators SD D N A SA WM DE
a. The school have
0 1 6 18 5 3.90
enough equipment to
A
support e-learning
0.00 3.33 20.00 60.00 16.67
method.
b. Do you think
0 7 7 13 3 3.40
students can provide
N
the equipment needed
0.00 23.33 23.33 43.33 10.00
in e-learning.
c. Teachers should 0 0 18 8 4 3.53
have enough training
A
on using modern 0.00 0.00 60.00 26.67 13.33
gadgets in teaching
d. School should
0 2 11 13 4 3.63
provide gadgets for
A
those students who
0.00 6.67 36.67 43.33 13.33
can’t afford buying it
e. School should have
qualified staff, 0 0 9 16 5 3.87
resources and access A
to educational 0.00 0.00 30.00 53.33 16.67
materials
35
Mean 3.67
Grand Mean 3.89
Legend: 1-Strongly Disagree; 2 - Disagree; 3 - Neutral; 4 - Agree; 5 - Strongly Agree
Table 5 shows that indicator A got a total weighted mean of 3.90% which
believe that their school have enough equipment to support e-learning method.
indicator B with the lowest weighted mean of 3.40% and a descriptive rating of
neutral, means not all students can provide the equipment needed in their e-
learning.
36
Chapter 5
the whole study. The findings of the without so much detailed is written on the
be seen in this chapter. Generaly this chapter aims to cover up end result of the
study.
Summary
to answered the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, civil status,
program, year level and school attended. Also the extent of integration of e-
significant relationship between the profile of the school, profile of the teachers
37
and the extent of integration of E-learning classrooms in Pangalangan National
High School
profile of the respondents and statements that will be able to assess the extent
Variables in the literature are used to determine some issues concerning the
study.
Problem
Based on the result of the study, the following are the findings
1. Majority of the respondents are within the age bracket of 48-57 years
old, 22 of them are female and 8 are male respondents. Most of the
38
Conclusions
very useful to improve the teaching and learning process of teacher and
students.
39
3. The researchers have found out that the majority of the respondents know the
extent of e-learning classrooms and they are willing to use this method.
integration of e-learning.
Recommendations
1. The researchers recommends that the future researcher should include other
2. It is recommended that to improve the teaching and to enhance the skills and
40
3. It is recommended that DEped must allocate funds for every public schools to
locations.
Bibliogaphy
41
Doculan, Jo Ann. E-Learning Readiness Assessment Tool for Philippine
42
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/
APPENDIX A
LETTER TO THE SCHOOL HEAD
43
APPENDIX B
QUESTIONNAIRE
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name: ______________
1. Demographic Profile
Direction: Please put a check a mark (/) on the space provided that corresponds
to your answer.
Age:
21-23
24-26
27-29
30-32
32 and above
Gender:
Male
Female
Subject Handled:
Math
Science
English
Filipino
Social Science
Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health (MAPEH)
2. Profile of the School
Direction: Please put a check a mark (/) on the space provided that corresponds
to your answer.
Number of computers:
None
1-10
11-20
31 and above
Number of projectors:
44
None
1-3
4-5
6 and above
Availability of internet connection:
Available
Not Available
Availability of Learning Management System (LMS):
Learning Management System is a software application for the
administration, documentation, tracking, reporting, automation and delivery of
educational courses, training programs and development programs. The learning
management system concept emerged directly from e-Learning.
Available
Not Available
3. Direction. Listed below are the specific extent of integration of e-learning in
secondary school in SEPNAS. Please qualify the extent of integration in your
current position by putting a checkmark (/) corresponding to your honest
assessment.
Curriculum
Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
Agree Disagree
a. Do you think e-learning
can be an effective way in
learning the various subjects?
b. Do you think e-learning
can be for efficient in
learning the various subjects?
c. Students can cope up in
learning through the e-
learning method.
d. Leaners will immediately
attain different learning
objectives.
e. E learning ensures
students development and
advancement through various
lessons.
45
Teaching
Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
Agree Disagree
a. Do you think teachers can
be able and willing to teach
using the e-learning method?
b. E-learning can be an
easier and convenient way of
teaching.
c. Students can learn the
same from the traditional
way of teaching and e-
learning.
d. Teacher should motivate
students to participate on E
learning
Facilities
Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
Agree Disagree
a. The school have enough
equipment to support e-
learning method.
b. Do you think students can
provide the equipment
needed in e-learning.
c. Teachers should have
enough training on using
modern gadgets in teaching
d. School should provide
gadgets for those students
who can’t afford buying it
e. School should have
qualified staff, resources and
access to educational
materials
46
47