Basic Terms To Remember On Institutional Corrections

CA 1 - INSTITUTIONAL
CORRECTIONS
PROF. HASSANOUR P. CALI, RCRIM,CCS,MSCJ
COURSE DESCRITION :
The course covers an examination of the history, philosophy

and objectives of imprisonment and the development of prisons. A
study of institutional agencies in the Philippines, to include BJMP
which oversees city and municipal jails, provincial jails and the
Bureau of Corrections and their institutions in terms of their
structures, management, standards, programs and services; a
critical analysis of the laws creating these agencies to determine
areas for possible improvement.
COURSE INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this course, the students should be able to:
➢ Learn the historical development of penology;

➢ Discuss the concept of punishment and its purpose;
➢ Recognize the role of corrections in the criminal justice system;
➢ Orient themselves with the handling and treating criminal offenders;
➢ Know the standard rules in treating criminal offenders;
➢ Explain the classification process through which rehabilitation program of
prisoners are carried out; and
➢ Know the legal aspect influencing the Philippine Correctional System.
BASIC TERMS TO REMEMBER:
PENOLOGY defined:
- The study of punishment for crime or of criminal offenders. It includes the study of
control and prevention of crime through punishment of criminal offenders.
- The term is derived from the Latin word “POENA” which means pain or suffering
and “POENALIS” which means punishment.
- Penology is otherwise known as Penal Science. It is actually a division of

criminology that deals with prison management and the treatment of offenders,
and concerned itself with the philosophy and practice of society in its effort to
repress criminal activities.
- Penology has stood in the past and, for the most part, still stands for the policy of
inflicting punishment on the offender as a consequence of his wrongdoing.
THREE DIVISIONS OF CRIMINOLOGY
1. Sociology of Law – deals with understanding the

nature of criminal law and its procedure of
administration
2. Criminal Etiology – concerned with determining
causes and factors of crime occurrence
3. Penology / Penal Science – deals with management
and administration of inmates.
PENAL MANAGEMENT
Refers to the manner or practice of

managing or controlling places of
confinement as in jails or prisons.
CORRECTION DEFINED
- A branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the custody, supervision and
rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
- It is that field of criminal justice administration which utilizes the body of knowledge and
practices of the government and the society in general involving the processes of
handling individuals who have been convicted of offenses for purposes of crime
prevention and control.
- It is the study of jail/prison management and administration as well as the rehabilitation

and reformation of criminals.
- It is a generic term that includes all government agencies, facilities, programs,

procedures, personnel, and techniques concerned with the investigation, intake,
custody, confinement, supervision, or treatment of alleged offenders.
CORRECTION AS A PROCESS
- Refers to the reorientation of the criminal offender

to prevent him or her from repeating his deviant
or delinquent actions without the necessity of
taking punitive actions but rather the introduction of
individual measures of reformation.
CORRECTION AS A PROCESS
INSTITUTIONAL NON-INSTITUTIONAL
CORRECTIONS CORRECTIONS
➢ The reformation and ➢ The reformation and
rehabilitation of criminal rehabilitation of criminal
offenders are held inside a offenders are provided in
correctional institution or community / outside prison.
penal establishment. ➢ Parole, Probation, Executive
➢ BJMP, DSWD, BUCOR,JAILS Clemencies
AND PRISONS
CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION
➢ The study and practice of a systematic

management of jails or prisons and
other institutions concerned with the
custody, treatment, and rehabilitation of
criminal offenders
COMPETENT AUTHORITY
➢ refers to the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals,

Regional Trial Court, Metropolitan Trial Court,
Municipal Trial Court, Municipal Circuit Trial
Court, Sandigan Bayan, Military Courts, House of
Representatives, Senate, Commission on Elections,
Bureau of Immigration and Deportation and Board
of Pardons and Parole.
CARPETA
➢ refers to the institutional record of an

inmate which consist of his
mittimus/commitment order, the
prosecutor’s information and the
decision of the trial court, including the
appellate court, if any.
COMMITMENT ORDER
➢ the entrusting for conﬁnement of an

inmate to a jail by competent
authority for investigation, trial
and/or service of sentence.
CLASSIFICATION
➢ refers to the assigning or grouping of inmates according to their sentence,
gender, age, nationality, health, criminal records, etc .

➢ a method by which diagnosis, treatment, planning and execution of treatment programs are
coordinated to an individual.
➢ – the process of assigning inmates to types of custody or treatment programs appropriate to

their needs.
➢ Also known as = DIVERSIFICATION

COMMITMENT ORDER
➢ a written order of the court or

any other competent authority
consigning an offender to a jail
or prison for conﬁnement.
CONTRABAND
➢ any article, item, or thing prohibited by law and/or

forbidden by jail rules.
Types of Contraband:
1. Illegal Contraband – prohibited by law
2. Nuisance Contraband – prohibited only by jail rules
COED INSTITUTION
➢ or co-correctional institution which hold both

male and female offenders who interact and
share the facility except for sleeping areas.
They study, eat, dance, work and engage in
leisure activities within one campus
.
CONVICT BOGEY – society exaggerated fear of the convict and ex-convict which is
usually far out of proportion to the real danger they present
DETERRENCE – a crime-control strategy that uses punishment to prevent others from

committing similar crimes.
DIVERSIFICATION – administrative device of correctional institutions of providing

varied and flexible types of physical plants for more effective control of treatment
programs of its diversified population.
DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION – a crime strategy that focuses on keeping the offenders

in the community rather than placing them in long-term institution.
DETERMINATE SENTENCE – a fixed period of incarceration imposed on the offender
by the court
ESCAPE – an act of getting out unlawfully from confinement or custody by an inmate.
– Evasion of service of sentence (Art. 157, RPC)
– is derived from the Greek word ESCAPIO and from the Latin word ESCAPIUM
which means BY CHANCE OR ACCIDENT.
EXPUNGEMENT – the process by which the record of crime conviction is destroyed or
sealed after expiration of statutory required time
FURLOUGH – authorization that permits inmate to leave containment, for emergency
family crises, usually accompanied by correctional officer. Crises include “death
bed”.
RULES ON FURLOUGH
1. Not more than 30 km radius from the prison facility
2. More than 3o km but you can return in daylight time
3. Duration is for 3 hours only
4. Cannot join the funeral procession
5. Request at least 3 days before the date of visit
6. Approved by the trial court
7. Inmates confined in maximum security prison compounds are
disqualified to avail the privilege of furlough
HALF-WAY HOUSES – are non-confining residential facilities for adjudicated adults or juvenile or those
subject to proceedings. They are alternative to containment for person not suited for probation that need
period for re-adjustment to the community after imprisonment.
TYPES OF HALF WAY HOUSE
1. HALFWAY OUT – prerelease facility used to orient the prisoner before release for adjustment
purposes in coping in the outside.
a. Pre-release – place for parole eligible
b. Parolees – granted parole but needs assistance in coping outside.
2. HALFWAY IN – consisting of prisoners who are half way in prison includes:
a. Probation Violators
b. Parole Violators
Note: half way house in NBP are joint project of Asia Crime Prevention Foundation, Nagoya
Japan West Club and UNAFEI, from the Japanese end, and the Asia Crime Prevention Inc.,
DOJ, NAPOLCOM, Muntinlupa Lions Club, and other NGO’s on the side of the Philippines
INDETERMINATE SENTENCE – sets minimum and maximum period of incarceration.
INSTRUMENT OF RESTRAINT – a device, contrivance, tool, or instrument used to hold

back, keep in, check, or control an inmate; e.g. hand cuffs, leg irons
JAILBREAK - the escape from jail by more than two (2) inmates by the use of force, threat,
violence or deceit or by breaching security barriers such as by scaling the perimeter
fence, by tunneling and/or by other similar means or by burning or destructing of the
facility or a portion of the facility with or without the aid of jail officer or any other person.
MITTIMUS – a warrant issued by a court bearing its seal and the signature of the judge, directing the jail
or prison authorities to receive inmates for custody or service of sentence imposed therein.
OPERATION GREYHOUND – a surprise and unannounced invasion of a cell inside a prison facility
conducted by uniformed personnel of the prison establishment to search for any type of contraband.
PENANCE – an ecclesiastical punishment inflicted by an ecclesiastical court for some spiritual offense.
PENITENTIARY – a prison, correctional institution, or other place of confinement where convicted felons
are sent to serve out the term of their sentence.
PRISON RECORD – refers to information containing an inmate’s personal circumstances, the offense he
committed, the sentence imposed, the criminal case numbers in the trial appellate courts, the date he
commenced service of his sentence, the date he was received for confinement, the place of
confinement, the date of expiration of his sentence, the number of previous convictions, if any, and his
behavior and conduct while in prison.
PROSELYTIZING – coercing an inmate to change and practice other religion.
PRISONIZATION – process by which an inmate learns through socialization; the rules and regulation
of the penitentiary culture.
REHABILITATION – a program of activity directed to restore an inmate’s self-respect thereby making
him a law-abiding citizen after serving his sentence.
– to change an offender’s character, attitude or behavior patterns so as to diminish his or her criminal
propensities.
WEEK-END CONFINEMENT / DELAYED SENTENCE – offender is allowed to retain current
employment and permit sentences to be served during weekends.

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CA 1 - INSTITUTIONAL

The course covers an examination of the history, philosophy

➢ Learn the historical development of penology;

- Penology is otherwise known as Penal Science. It is actually a division of

1. Sociology of Law – deals with understanding the

Refers to the manner or practice of

- It is the study of jail/prison management and administration as well as the rehabilitation

- It is a generic term that includes all government agencies, facilities, programs,

- Refers to the reorientation of the criminal offender

➢ The study and practice of a systematic

➢ refers to the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals,

➢ refers to the institutional record of an

➢ the entrusting for conﬁnement of an

➢ refers to the assigning or grouping of inmates according to their sentence,

gender, age, nationality, health, criminal records, etc .

➢ – the process of assigning inmates to types of custody or treatment programs appropriate to

➢ Also known as = DIVERSIFICATION

➢ a written order of the court or

➢ any article, item, or thing prohibited by law and/or

➢ or co-correctional institution which hold both

DETERRENCE – a crime-control strategy that uses punishment to prevent others from

DIVERSIFICATION – administrative device of correctional institutions of providing

DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION – a crime strategy that focuses on keeping the offenders

INDETERMINATE SENTENCE – sets minimum and maximum period of incarceration.

INSTRUMENT OF RESTRAINT – a device, contrivance, tool, or instrument used to hold

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