Timeline of Jose Rizal
Timeline of Jose Rizal
Timeline of Jose Rizal
August 1, 1896 He arrived in Dumaguete. He visited his friend and former classmate - Herrero
Regidor. He also visited his other friends, including the Periquet and Rufina
families. The following day he reached Cebu
From Iloilo, Rizal’s ship sailed Capiz. After a brief stopover, it proceeded towards
Manila via Romblon
August 6, 1896 The Espaňa arrived in Manila Bay early in the morning of Thursday,
Unfortunately, Rizal was not able to catch the mail ship Isla de Luzon for Spain
Rizal was transferred to the Spanish cruiser Castilla, by order of Governor General
Blanco. He was given good accommodation by the gallant captain, Enrique
Santalo
Rizal stayed in the cruiser for about a month. From August 6 to September 2
August 26, 1896 the “Cry of Balintawak” was raised by Bonifacio and his valiant Katipuneros
Governor General Blanco proclaimed a state of war in the first eight provinces
(Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija and Tarlac).
Rizal worried for two reasons: 1. The violent revolution which he sincerely
believed to be premature and would only cause much suffering and terrible loss of
human lives and property. 2. It would arouse Spanish vengeance against all
Filipino patriots
August 30, 1896 Rizal received two letters from Governor General Blanco (The Ministers of Wars,
The Ministers of Colonies)
September 2, 1896 Rizal was transferred to the steamer Isla de Panay which was sailing for Barcelona,
Spain.
This study source was downloaded by 100000792114278 from CourseHero.com on 03-18-2022 22:41:37 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/49056460/Timeline-of-Jose-Rizaldocx/
September 3, 1896 the steamer left Manila Bay
Fellow passengers on board were Don Pedro Roxas (rich Manila creole
industrialist and is friend) and his son named Periquin
He have observed some changes like there are more Chinese merchants and less
Indian
September 7, 1896 Don Pedro and his son disembarked at Singapore in the evening
He advised Rizal to stay behind too and take advantage of the protection of the
British law but Rizal did not heed his advice. He also ignored their appeal because
he had given his word of honor to Governor General Blanco
September 25, 1896 He saw the steamer Isla de Luzon, leaving the Suez Canal, crammed with Spanish
troops.
September 27, 1896 He heard that a telegram arrived from Manila reporting the execution of Francisco
Roxas, Genato, and Osorio
September 28, 1896 a passenger told Rizal the bad news that he would be arrested by order of Governor
General Blanco and would be sent in Cueta (Spanish Morocco), opposite Gibraltar
September 30, 1896 He was officially notified by Captain Alemany that he should stay in his cabin until
further orders from Manila
October 3, 1896 Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona. The trip from Manila to Barcelona lasted
exactly 30 days.
His jailor was the Military Commander of Barcelona, who happened to be General
Eulogio Despujol
On his second day in Barcelona, he noticed the city celebration of the feast of St.
Francis of Asisi
This study source was downloaded by 100000792114278 from CourseHero.com on 03-18-2022 22:41:37 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/49056460/Timeline-of-Jose-Rizaldocx/
October 6, 1896 Rizal was awakened by the guards and escorted to the grim and infamous prison-
fortress named Monjuich
With the same date Rizal was interviewed by General Despujol. In the interview ,
the brusque general told Rizal that he would be shipped back to Manila on board
the trasnport ship Colon which was leaving that evening
October 8, 1896 a friendly officer told Rizal that the Madrid newspaper were full of stories about
the bloody revolution in the Philippines and were blaming him for it
October 11, 1896 before reaching Port Said, Rizal’s diary was taken away and was critically
scrutinized by the authorities, but then nothing dangerous was found in its content
November 3, 1896 the Colon reached Manila. Rizal was quietly transferred under the heavy guards
from the ship to Fort Santiago
Spanish authorities fished evidence against Rizal. Many Filipino patriots, including
Deodato Arellano, Dr. Pia Valenzuela, Moises Salvador, Jose Dizon, Domingo
Franco, Temoteo Paez, and Pedro Serrano Laktaw, were brutally tortured to
implicate Rizal.
November 20, 1896 the preliminary investigation began. Rizal, appeared before the Judge Advocate,
Colonel Francisco Olive
1. A letter of Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce, showing Rizal’s connection with the
Filipino reform campaign in Spain
2. A letter of Rizal to his family, stating that the deportations are good for they will
encouraged the people to hate tyranny
3. A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Deodato Arellano, implicating Rizal in the
Propaganda camapaign in Spain
This study source was downloaded by 100000792114278 from CourseHero.com on 03-18-2022 22:41:37 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/49056460/Timeline-of-Jose-Rizaldocx/
7. A letter signed Dimasalang (Rizal pseudonym) to Tenluz (Juan Zulueta’s
pseudonym), stating that he was preparing a safe refuge for Filipinos who may be
presented by the Spanish authorities
9. An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of the Hong Kong Telegraph,
censuring the banishment of Rizal in Dapitan
10. A letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, saying that the Filipino people look up to
him (Rizal) as their savior
12. A letter of Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don Juan A. Tenluz (Juan Zulueta),
recommending the establishment of a special organization, independent of
Masonry, to help the cause of the Filipino people
15. A poem by Laong Laan (Rizal), entitled A Talisay, in which the author makes
the Dapitan schoolboys sing that they know how to fight for their rights
November 26, 1896 Colonel Olive transmitted the records of the case to Governor General Blanco, and
the letter appointed Captain Rafael Dominguesz as special Judge Advocate
This study source was downloaded by 100000792114278 from CourseHero.com on 03-18-2022 22:41:37 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/49056460/Timeline-of-Jose-Rizaldocx/
2. He should be kept in prison
December 8, 1896 Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception, a list of 100 first and second lieutenants
in the Spanish Army was presented to Rizal
He choose Don Luis Taviel de Andrade, 1st Lt. of the Artillery because the name
was familiar to him and Rizal proved that Lt. Luis is the oldest brother of Jose
Taviel de Andrade his bodyguard in Calamba in 1887
“He was accused of being “the principal organizer and the living soul of the
Filipino insurrection, the founder of societies, periodicals and books dedicated to
fomenting and propagating ideas of rebellion”
December 13, 1896 Dominguez forwarded the papers of the Rizal case to Malacaňan Palace, same date
when General Camilio G. de Polavieja, with the help of powerful Dominican
friars, became Governor General of the Philippines
December 15, 1896 Rizal wrote a manifesto to his people appealing to them to stop the necessary
shedding of blood and to achieve their liberties by means of education and industry
December 25, 1896 All Christendom joyously celebrated the birthday of Christ, but Rizal celebrated it
with a dark and cheerless Christmas
Truly, the Christmas of 1896, his last on earth, was the saddest in Rizal’s life
Brooding over his hopeless case, he wrote a letter to Lt. Taviel de Andrade
December 26, 1896 the court-martial of Rizal started in the military building called Cuartel de Espaňa.
Seated in a long table were the seven members of the military court, dressed in
their respective army uniforms, as follows: Lt. Col. Jose Togores Arjona
(president), Capt. Ricardo Muňoz Arias, Capt. Manuel Reguera, Capt. Santiago
Izquierdo Osorio , Capt. Braulio Rodriguez Nuňez, Capt. Manuel Diaz Escribano,
and the Fermin Perez Rodriguez
This study source was downloaded by 100000792114278 from CourseHero.com on 03-18-2022 22:41:37 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/49056460/Timeline-of-Jose-Rizaldocx/
Also present at the courtroom were Rizal, Lt. Taviel, Capt. Rafael Dominguez
(Judge Advocate), Lt. Enrique de Alcocer (Prosecuting Attorney), and the
spectators. Among the spectator were Josephine Bracken, some newspapermen,
and many Spaniards
The court asked Rizal whether he had anything to say. Rizal then read a
supplement to his defense, by twelve points
1. He could not be guilty of rebellion, for he advised Dr. Pio Valenzuela in Dapitan
not to rise in revolution.
3. The revolutionists used his name without his knowledge. If he were guilty he
could have escaped in Singapore
4. If he had a hand in revolution, he could have escaped in a Moro vinta and would
not have build a home, a hospital, and bought lands in Dapitan.
5. If he were the chief of the revolution, why was he not consulted by the
revolutionists?
6. It was true that he wrote the by-laws of the Liga Filipina, but this is a civic
association – not a revolutionary society
7. The Liga Filipina did not live long, for after the first meeting he was banished to
Dapitan and it died out
8. If the Liga was recognized nine months later, he did not know about it.
9. The Liga did not serve the purpose of the revolutionists, otherwise they would
not have supplanted it with the Katipunan.
10. If it were true that there were some bitter comments in Rizal’s letters, it was
because they were written in 1890 when his family was being persecuted, being
dispossessed of houses, warehouse, lands, etc. and his brother and all his brothers-
in-law were deported.
11. His life in Dapitan had been exemplary as the politico-military commanders
and missionary priests could attest
12. It was not true that the revolution was inspired by his one speech at the house
of Doroteo Ongjunco, as alleged by witnesses whom he would like to comfort. The
military court, prejudiced as it was, remained indifferent to Rizal’s pleading.
This study source was downloaded by 100000792114278 from CourseHero.com on 03-18-2022 22:41:37 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/49056460/Timeline-of-Jose-Rizaldocx/
The president considered the trial over and ordered the hall cleared. The military
court unanimously voted for the sentence of death. On the same day, the court
decision was submitted to Gov. Gen. Polavieja, and he immediately sought the
opinion of Judge Advocate General de la Peňa on the court decision. The latter
affirmed the death verdict.
December 28, 1896 Polavieja approved the decision of the court-martial and ordered Rizal to be shot at
7:00 o’clock in the morning of December 30 at Bagumbayan Field (Luneta).
For signing the fatal document ordering the execution of Dr. Rizal, Polavieja won
the eternal odium of the Filipino people.
December 29, 1896 Capt. Rafael Dominguez was designated by Polavieja to take charge of all
arrangements for the execution of Rizal – to be shot at the back by a firing squad at
7 AM in Bagumbayan (Luneta)
At 7:00 AM – an hour after reading the death squad, Rizal was moved to the prison
chapel, where he spent his last moments. First visitors were Fr. Miguel Saddera
Mata (Rector of Ateneo Municipal) and Fr. Luis Viza, Jesuit teacher.
At 7:15 AM – Rector Saderra left. Rizal, in a jovial mood reminded Fr. Viza of the
statuette of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
At 8:00 AM – Fr. Antonio Rosell arrived to relieve Fr. Viza. Rizal invited him to
join the breakfast, which he did. After breakfast, Rizal thanked his defense counsel
for his gallant services
9:00 AM – Fr. Federico Faura arrived. He reminded him about his writing the Noli
that (Rizal) would someday lose his head.
At 10:00 AM – Fr. Jose Vilaclara and Fr. Vicente Balaguer visited the hero. After
them came the Spanish journalist, Santiago Mataix, interviewed Rizal for his
newspaper El Heraldo de Madrid.
From 12:00 AM to 3:30 PM – Rizal was left alone in his cell. He took his lunch,
after which he was busy writing. It was probably during this time when he finished
his farewell poem and hid it inside the his alcohol cooking stove. At the same time
he wrote his last letter to Professor Blumentritt.
At 3:30 PM – Fr. Balaguer returned to Fort Santiago and discussed with Rizal
about his retraction of the anti-Catholic ideas.
This study source was downloaded by 100000792114278 from CourseHero.com on 03-18-2022 22:41:37 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/49056460/Timeline-of-Jose-Rizaldocx/
At 4:00 PM – Rizal’s mother arrived. Both mother and son were crying as the
guards separate them. Afterwards Trinidad entered the cell to fetch her mother.
Rizal gave to Trinidad the alcohol cooking, whispering to her in English, “There is
something inside.”
At 6:00 PM – Rizal received a new visitor, Don Silvino Lopez Tuňon, the Dean of
the Manila Cathedral.
At 8:00 PM – Rizal had his last supper. He informed Capt. Dominguez who was
with him that he forgave his enemies.
At 9:30 PM – Rizal was visited by Don Gaspar Cestaňo, the fiscal of the Royal
Audiencia of Manila.
At 10:00 PM – the draft of the retraction sent by the anti- Filipino Archbishop
Bernardino Nozaleda (1890-1903) was submitted by Fr. Balaguer to Rizal for
signature. This document is now a controversial for the Rizalist scholars who are
either Masons or anti-Catholic.
At 5:30 AM – He took his breakfast on earth. After this, he wrote two letters, the
first addressed to his family and the second to Paciano.
December 30, 1896 At 3:00 AM – Rizal heard mass, confessed his sins, and took Holy Communion
At 6:00 AM – as the soldiers were getting ready, Rizal wrote his last letter to his
beloved parents.
At about 6:30 AM, a trumpet sounded at Fort Santiago, a signal to begin the death
march to Bagumbayan
Rizal walked calmly with his counsel defense on one side and two Jesuit priests
(Fr. March and Fr. Vilaclara) on the other
Rizal was dressed elegantly in a black suit, black derby hat, black shoes, white
shirt and black tie. His arms were tied behind elbow to elbow, but the rope is quiet
lose
They reached the Bagumbayan Field. It was a grassy lawn by the shore of Manila
Bay, between two lamps
This study source was downloaded by 100000792114278 from CourseHero.com on 03-18-2022 22:41:37 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/49056460/Timeline-of-Jose-Rizaldocx/
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)