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    Intro To Genetic Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Mhimi Viduya
    Education

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Intro To Genetic Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Mhimi Viduya
    84 views84 pages
    Education

    Original Title

    Intro to Genetic Engineering

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    Education

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    84 views84 pages

    Intro To Genetic Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Mhimi Viduya
    Education

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 84

    INTRODUCTION TO

    GENETIC ENGINEERING

    Lorie Mae Viduya-Viloria, PhD


    • The learners outline the steps in
    Content
    Standard
    Recombinant DNA

    • Explains how genes may be modified


    Performance
    Standard
    and/or inserted in host cells/organisms

    • The learners should be able to outline


    Learning
    Competency
    the steps involved in genetic engineering
    IDENTIFY WHETHER THE PLANTS/ANIMALS HAVE A
    DESIRABLE OR ENHANCED TRAITS.
    ENHANCED TRAIT MODIFYING TECHNIQUE
    Kobe/Wagyu Beef (Beef with good fat Classical Breeding
    distribution)
    Classical Breeding
    Guapple (Larged sized guava)
    Recombinant DNA Technology
    Human Insulin-Producing bacteria
    Flavr-Savr (Delayed Ripening Tomatoes) Recombinant DNA Technology
    Macapuno Trait in coconut Classical Breeding
    WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
    THE MICE IN THESE TWO GROUPS?
    BANANA VACCINES
    MODIFIED VIRUS INJECTED IN
    SAPLING TREE CAUSES THE
    BANANAS TO CONTAIN VIRUS
    PROTEINS

    Venomous
    Cabbage
    Scorpion genes added to the
    cabbage prevent insects
    from eating it
    WHAT IS GENETIC ENGINEERING?

    GENETIC ENGINEERING IS THE DIRECT MODIFICATION OF AN ORGANISM’S


    GENOME, WHICH IS THE LIST OF SPECIFIC TRAITS (GENES) STORED IN THE
    DNA.

    CHANGING THE GENOME


    ENABLES ENGINEERS TO GIVE
    DESIRABLE PROPERTIES TO
    DIFFERENT ORGANISMS.

    ORGANISMS CREATED BY
    GENETIC ENGINEERING
    ARE CALLED GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOS).
    BIOLUMINESCENT ANIMALS

    USES:
    • PROTEIN TRACKING
    • DISEASE DETECTION USING BIOLUMINESCENT
    IMAGING (BLI) TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENT TYPES
    OF CELLS
    • NOVELTY PETS (GLOFISH ARE AVAILABLE NOW)
    FAST-GROWING
    SALMON
    GENES FROM TWO OTHER
    FISH CAUSE THIS SALMON TO
    CONTINUALLY PRODUCE
    GROWTH HORMONES

    Less Smelly Cows


    Modifying bacteria
    responsible for methane
    production in cattle results
    in 25% less-flatulent cows
    COULD SPIDERMAN BE REAL?

    WEB-PRODUCING
    GOATS
    SPIDER GENES IN GOATS ENABLE THE
    PRODUCTION OF SPIDER SILK IN GOAT MILK
    QUESTIONS:

    • 1. FOR THE PAST DECADES HOW DO PEOPLE DEVELOP AND GET THE VARIETIES OF CROPS
    AND ANIMALS?
    • 2. WHAT IS A BREEDING PROCESS?
    • 3. HOW BREEDING OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS AFFECTS THE LIVES OF MOST PEOPLE FROM
    THEN TILL NOW
    • 4. WHAT ARE THE MODERN PROCESSES USE TO IMPROVE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ONE
    ORGANISM TO THE OTHER?
    • 5. WHAT ARE THE PROS & CONS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
    RUBRICS

    • CONTENT- 30 %
    • COLLABORATION-20 %
    • ORGANIZATION-20 %
    • PRESENTATION-30 %
    • MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE
    • SEX LINKAGE
    • CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR
    BIOLOGY
    • RECOMBINANT DNA
    By: Dr. Lorie Mae Viduya-Viloria
    General Biology Teacher
    IV. Recombinant DNA

    LEARNING COMPETENCY AND OBJECTIVES:


    • OUTLINE THE PROCESSES INVOLVED IN GENETIC ENGINEERING
    STEM_BIO11/12IIIA-B-6
    • DISCUSS THE APPLICATIONS OF RECOMBINANT DNA
    STEM_BIO11/12IIIA-B-7
    a. ENUMERATE AND DISCUSS SOME OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
    PROCESSES;
    b. EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF RECOMBINANT DNA; AND
    c. FAMILIARIZE WITH THE ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON GENETIC
    ENGINEERING.
    IV. Recombinant DNA

    RECALL
    Lesson Proper
    Activity Proper
    Summary
    Add-On Activity
    References
    Recall
    Fish-Bowl Recitation
    1. YOUR TEACHER WILL CALL THE NAME OF THE
    FIRST STUDENT TO PICK A QUESTION
    REGARDING THE PREVIOUS LESSON.
    2. IF YOU GOT THE CORRECT ANSWER, YOU
    WILL BE GRADED BY YOUR TEACHER.
    3. IF NOT, WAIT UNTIL ALL YOUR CLASSMATES
    HAVE ANSWERED.
    4.AFTER YOU ANSWER, CHOOSE ONE OF YOUR
    CLASSMATE TO BE THE NEXT.
    Lesson Proper

    What can you


    say about the
    picture?
    Will you define
    genetic
    engineering
    based on the
    picture shown?
    • HAVE YOU EVER HEARD OF
    GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS?
    •
    • GENETIC ENGINEERING: CHANGING THE DNA IN
    LIVING ORGANISMS TO CREATE SOMETHING NEW.
    Genetic Engineering
    Processes:
    1. Selective Breeding
    2. Recombinant DNA
    3. Transgenic Organisms
    4. PCR
    5. Gel Electrophoresis
    • BREED ONLY THOSE
    PLANTS OR ANIMALS
    WITH DESIRABLE
    TRAITS

    • PEOPLE HAVE BEEN


    USING SELECTIVE
    BREEDING FOR
    THOUSANDS OF
    YEARS WITH FARM
    CROPS AND
    DOMESTICATED
    ANIMALS.
    HOW DOES SELECTIVE BREEDING WORK?
    • AN ORGANISM’S CHARACTERISTICS ARE
    PARTLY DETERMINED BY THE COMBINATION
    OF GENE VARIANTS? THAT ARE PASSED ON
    FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT.

    • WE CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS TO


    SELECTIVELY BREED ANIMALS OR PLANTS,
    CHOOSING PARENTS WITH PARTICULAR
    CHARACTERISTICS TO PRODUCE OFFSPRING
    THAT HAVE THOSE CHARACTERISTICS.

    • ONE OF THE OFFSPRING MAY EVEN BE TALLER


    THAN BOTH OF THEIR PARENTS, BECAUSE
    THEY MAY INHERIT A COMBINATION OF
    DIFFERENT “TALL” GENE VARIANTS FROM
    EACH PARENT AND TOGETHER THESE MAKE
    THE OFFSPRING TALLER.
    • ANGUS COWS ARE BRED TO
    INCREASE MUSCLE MASS SO
    THAT WE GET MORE MEAT.

    • EGG-LAYING HEN-PRODUCES
    MORE EGGS THAN THE
    AVERAGE HEN.
    • GENETIC ENGINEERING: CHANGING THE DNA IN
    LIVING ORGANISMS TO CREATE SOMETHING NEW.
    Genetic Engineering
    Processes:
    1. Selective Breeding
    2. Transgenic Organisms
    3. Recombinant DNA
    4. PCR
    5. Gel Electrophoresis
    -ALSO CALLED GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
    (GMO)
    A. TRANSGENIC (GMO) ANIMALS: GENES INSERTED
    INTO ANIMALS SO THEY PRODUCE WHAT HUMANS
    NEED.
    • WHY?: A WAY TO IMPROVE THE FOOD SUPPLY:
    TRANSGENIC COWS: GENE INSERTED TO INCREASE
    MILK PRODUCTION AND PRODUCE HUMAN MILK.
    TRANSGENIC
    ORGANISM
    SPIDER GOAT: GENE FROM SPIDER INSERTED INTO
    GOAT.
    • GOATS MAKES SILK OF THE SPIDER WEB IN THEIR
    MILK.
    • FLEXIBLE, STRONGER THAN STEEL. USED IN BULLET
    PROOF JACKETS.
    GLOW-IN-THE-DARK CATS
    • SCIENTIST USED A VIRUS TO INSERT DNA FROM
    JELLYFISH (FIV)
    • THE GENE MADE THE CAT PRODUCE A FLUORESCENT
    PROTEIN IN ITS FUR.
    B. TRANSGENIC BACTERIA: GENE INSERTED INTO
    BACTERIA SO THEY PRODUCE THINGS HUMANS
    NEED.
    • FOR EXAMPLE: INSULIN AND CLOTTING FACTORS IN
    BLOOD ARE NOW MADE BY BACTERIA.
    C. TRANSGENIC PLANTS: PLANTS ARE GIVEN GENES
    SO THEY MEET HUMAN NEEDS.

    TRANSGENIC CORN: GIVEN A GENE SO CORN


    PRODUCES A NATURAL PESTICIDE.
    NOW THEY DON’T HAVE TO BE SPRAYED WITH
    CANCER CAUSING PESTICIDES.
    • 25% OF ALL CORN IS LIKE THIS.
    • EXAMPLE IS BT (BACILLUS
    THURINGIENSIS) CORN
    VENOMOUS CABBAGE
    • GENE FROM A SCORPION TAILS
    INSERTED INTO CABBAGE.
    • CABBAGE NOW PRODUCES THAT
    CHEMICAL.
    • WHY? LIMIT PESTICIDE USE WHILE
    STILL PREVENTING INSECTS FROM
    DAMAGING CROPS. Will it be safe for human
    . consumption?
    • GOLDEN RICE HAS BEEN GENETICALLY MODIFIED TO
    CONTAIN BETA-CAROTENE
    This rice could help prevent vitamin A deficiency
    Activity Proper

    • AFTER YOU LEARNED SOME OF THE TRANSGENIC


    ORGANISMS, YOU REALIZE HOW PRIVILEGED YOU ARE
    BECAUSE THESE ORGANISMS ARE VERY BENEFICIAL.
    • NOW, BRING OUT THE MATERIALS NEEDED AND DRAW
    YOUR OWN VERSION OF TRANSGENIC ORGANISM
    (TRANSGENIC ANIMAL, PLANT OR MICROORGANISM) AND
    EXPLAIN IT’S CHARACTERISTICS, MODIFICATION ETC.
    Genetic Engineering
    Processes:

    3. THE ROLE OF 1. Selective Breeding


    2. Transgenic Organisms
    ENZYMES IN GENETIC 3. Recombinant DNA
    ENGINEERING 4. PCR
    5. Gel Electrophoresis
    1. BACTERIA CAN MAKE HUMAN INSULIN OR
    HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE.

    2. BACTERIA CAN BE ENGINEERED TO “EAT” OIL


    SPILLS.
    • PCR ALLOWS
    SCIENTISTS TO MAKE
    MANY COPIES OF A
    PIECE OF DNA.
    1. HEAT THE DNA SO IT
    “UNZIPS”.
    2. ADD THE
    COMPLEMENTARY
    NITROGENOUS BASES.
    3. ALLOW DNA TO COOL
    SO THE
    COMPLEMENTARY
    STRANDS CAN “ZIP”
    TOGETHER.
    -A TECHNIQUE USED TO
    COMPARE DNA FROM
    TWO OR MORE
    ORGANISMS.
    WHY COMPARE DNA:
    1. FIND YOUR BABY’S DADDY
    2. WHO COMMITTED A CRIME.
    3. HOW CLOSELY SPECIES ARE
    RELATED.
    HOW IS ELECTROPHORESIS
    DONE?
    A. THE DNA IS CUT INTO
    FRAGMENTS WITH A
    RESTRICTION ENZYME.
    B. THE CUT DNA IS THEN
    PUT INTO THE WELLS OF
    A MACHINE FILLED WITH
    GEL.
    • THE GEL IS SPONGY AND
    THE DNA SQUEEZES
    C. THE MACHINE IS PLUGGED IN AND THE FRAGMENTS
    GET SEPARATED BASED ON THEIR SIZE.
    • THE SMALLER FRAGMENTS MOVE FURTHER THAN THE
    LARGE.
    Separation of DNA based on
    size of fragments.

    • ELECTROPHORESIS RESULTS

    Final result of electrophoresis


    • ELECTRICITY PROVIDES THE ENERGY
    • WHY DOES DNA MOVE?
    • DNA HAS A NEGATIVE CHARGE.
    • WHEN THE MACHINE IS PLUGGED IN, ITS MOVES
    TOWARDS THE POSITIVE POLE CREATED BY THE
    ELECTRICITY
    Summary

    • GENETIC ENGINEERING IS CHANGING THE DNA IN LIVING


    ORGANISMS TO CREATE SOMETHING NEW.
    • GENETIC ENGINEERING PROCESSES INCLUDES SELECTIVE
    BREEDING, RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY,
    TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS, POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
    AND GEL ELECTROPHORESIS.
    • THERE ARE ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE USE
    AND CONSUMPTION OF GM PRODUCTS.
    Add-On Activity

    • YOUR TEACHER WILL GROUP YOU INTO


    TWO BASED ON YOUR STAND ON GM
    PRODUCTS.
    A. PRO-GMO GROUP
    B. ANTI-GMO GROUP
    • YOUR PERFORMANCE WILL BE GRADED BY
    YOUR TEACHER ACCORDINGLY.
    References

    • BASCO-TIAMZON M, ET.AL., GENERAL


    BIOLOGY 2, ©2016 BY VIBAL GROUP, INC.
    • HTTP://WWW.TEACHERSDOMAIN.ORG/ASSET
    /TDC02_INT_CREATEDNAFP2/

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