Credit Management - Project
Credit Management - Project
Credit Management - Project
Management
Allied Bank Limited
Credit Management
Credit Management
Project
Submitted to:
Submitted by:
Waqas Tariq Roll # 321 – 3566
Khadija Ansar Roll # 121 – 3563
Wajiha Ali Roll # 321 -
Nasir Mehmood Roll # 320 – 3555
Sehrish Anwar Roll # 320 – 3556
Confidential Statement: Thi s project is s ubmitted to the class instructor for the purpose of assessment only.
Credit Management
T ABLE OF C ONTENTS
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 1
2. Credit Management .............................................................................................................. 1
3. What is Credit ....................................................................................................................... 2
4. How Credit Works ................................................................................................................. 2
5. Types of Credit...................................................................................................................... 2
5.1. Bank Credit.................................................................................................................... 2
5.1.1. Secured Credit........................................................................................................ 3
5.1.2. Unsecured Credit.................................................................................................... 3
5.2. Trade Credit .................................................................................................................. 3
5.3. Consumer Credit............................................................................................................ 3
6. Credit in Pakistan .................................................................................................................. 4
7. Why Allied Bank Limited ........................................................................................................ 4
8. Credit Categories................................................................................................................... 4
9. Consumer Finance ................................................................................................................. 5
9.1. Allied Car Finance .......................................................................................................... 5
9.2. Allied Home Finance ...................................................................................................... 6
9.3. Allied Personal Finance .................................................................................................. 7
9.4. Mera Pakistan – Mera Ghar ............................................................................................ 8
9.5. Allied Visa Credit Cards .................................................................................................. 9
10. SME Financing................................................................................................................... 9
10.1. Allied Business Finance ............................................................................................. 10
10.2. Allied Fast Finance.................................................................................................... 10
10.3. SBP Re-Financing Schemes........................................................................................ 11
10.3.1. SBP Re-Refinancing Facilities for Modernization of SME's........................................ 11
10.3.2. SBP Re-Financing Facility for Storage of Agricultural produce .................................. 11
10.4. Youth Entrepreneurship Scheme (PMKJ-YES) ............................................................. 12
11. Corporate Banking........................................................................................................... 13
12. Agriculture Financing ....................................................................................................... 14
12.1. HariBhari Agri Revolving Credit ................................................................................. 14
12.2. Tractor Financing...................................................................................................... 15
12.3. Allied Aabayari ......................................................................................................... 15
12.4. Allied Farm Mechanization........................................................................................ 16
12.5. Agriculture Finance Dairy Farming............................................................................. 16
12.5.1. Working Capital Finance – Dairy Farming ............................................................... 16
Credit Management
1. I NTRODUCTION
Banks are financial institutions which play a role of financial intermediation between
people in excess of funds and those in need of finances. This role is essentially
performed by accepting different types of deposits, e.g. money at call, fixed deposits,
saving, etc. for further lending to the numerous customers by way of loan and
advances.
2. C REDIT MANAGEMENT
Credit management is a process of granting credit, the terms it's granted on and
recovering this credit when it's due. This is the function within a bank or company to
control credit policies that will improve revenues and reduce financial risks. The Credit
Management function incorporates all of a commercial bank’s activities aimed at
ensuring that customers pay their loans within the defined payment terms and
conditions. Effective Credit Management serves to prevent late payment or non-
payment, the two being the greatest risks commercial banks face when conducting
their operations.
The credit management process needs to be understood and followed with adequate
checks made on “creditworthiness” of new and existing customers, and ‘credit limits’
(how much credit is allowed and for how long) must be set.
A major responsibility of the credit management function in banks is to ensure credits
are collected on time, that any signs a customer might default are acted upon early,
and that any overdue credits are “chased” to avoid losses. Getting the credit
management right reinforces the bank’s financial or liquidity position, making it a
critical component of banking. Credit management involves credit policy and credit
risk control.
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3. W HAT IS C REDIT
Credit is a term that is commonly used in the accounting and financial world, and it
comes with different meanings. The basic definition of credit is an agreement between
a lender and a borrower, where the lender agrees to extend a certain sum of money
to the borrower. The borrower, in return, agrees to repay the money at a future date
with an interest on the outstanding balance.
Credit can also refer to the creditworthiness of a borrower, which is the ability to pay
back the credit extended by the due date. When extending credit to individual and
corporate borrowers, lenders advance credit based on their confidence that the
borrower will pay back what they borrowed plus the interest charged on the credit.
4. H OW C REDIT W ORKS
The concept of credit was first used in the 1520s. Before extending credit facilities to
borrowers, creditors in the ancient times assessed the creditworthiness of a potential
borrower on reputation alone. The concept was not as advanced as it is today, and
traders made lending decisions based on their personal opinions and beliefs about the
borrower. Such a method was subjective, and therefore, prone to bias and
manipulation and would lock out potentially credible borrowers.
Nowadays, the process of assessing the creditworthiness of a potential borrower
involves a more objective approach, compared to a subjective approach in the past.
Rather than relying on opinions and personal beliefs, creditors now evaluate the credit
history of a borrower by looking at their credit report, which is obtained from credit
bureaus.
The credit report shows the amount of credit that the borrower has borrowed for the
past one to seven years, how much they have paid, the timeliness of repayments,
history of defaults, history of auctions or foreclosures, etc. Credit bureaus also provide
a credit score based on a borrower’s credit history, and lenders rely on this information
to determine whether or not to extend credit.
5. T YPES OF C REDIT
The following are the main types of credit:
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holds at any time depends on the total amount of combined funds available in t he
institution, as well as the borrower’s ability to repay the loan.
The credit granted by the bank can be used to finance the purchase of an asset, such
as a house or motor vehicle, or to fund working capital. Once the credit is provided to
a borrower, the bank requires a fixed monthly repayment for an agreed period of time.
There are two main types of bank credit, i.e., secured credit and unsecured credit.
Businesses that offer trade credit terms allow a 30-day, 60-day, or 90-day repayment
period, and the transaction is captured in an invoice. Some customers can negotiate a
longer trade credit repayment period, and the approval of such terms depend on the
seller’s criteria for qualifying trade credit transactions.
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6. C REDIT IN P AKISTAN
In Pakistan almost the same rules and regulation are followed for credit and credit
management which are followed by all over the world and defined by the regulators.
SBP (State Bank of Pakistan) is regulator which defines the credit policy, rules and
regulations for credit. All the commercial banks in Pakistan defined their rules and
polices under the polices defined by SBP and work in the defined boundary of State
Bank of Pakistan.
For this particular project we have chosen the Allied Bank Limited (ABL) to understand
the types of credit, products the Bank is offering in each category of credit, procedure
for applying and approval of loan application, and hierarchy of Bank Management for
loan approving.
Furthermore, we will discuss about the credit policy defined by ABL and different
departments of the Bank which are performing their functions regarding credit
management in the Bank
8. C REDIT C ATEGORIES
Credit is divided into three main categories
Consumer Finance
SME Financing
Corporate Banking
ABL is providing finance facilities in all the three categories. Now we discuss each
category and products offered by ABL in each category, eligibility criteria, features &
benefits, and documents required to avail the facility.
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9. C ONSUMER F INANCE
The term ‘Consumer Financing’ is when a business or retailer offers customer
financing options to its customers using either their own funds or the funds of a
lending company or bank. This allows the consumer to be able to purchase an item
that they would otherwise not be able to, or may not want to pay for using immediate
funds.
Following are the products offered by ABL under Consumer Finance Category
Eligibility Criteria
You are eligible for financing vehicle from Allied Bank if:
Documents Required
Following basic documents are required to apply for car loan through Allied Car
Finance:
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You are eligible for home financing from Allied Bank if:
Minimum six (06) months’ relationship with ABL and / or any other bank
Minimum net monthly salary of Rs. 50,000/-
In case of Self-Employed Business Person / Self-Employed Professional
Maintaining minimum one (01) year relationship with ABL or minimum two
(02) years’ relationship with any other bank
Length of respective business / profession is minimum two (02) years in case
of relationship with ABL or minimum three (03) years in case of relationship
with any other bank
Minimum net income of Rs. 75,000/- per month in case of relationship with
ABL or Rs. 100,000/- per month in case of relationship with any other bank
Features and Benefits
This facility is currently being offered in eight cities only including Karachi, Lahore,
Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Sialkot and Multan.
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Documents Required
Following basic documents are required to apply for Allied Home Finance:
Last six months’ Bank Statement (ABL / Any other bank, as the case may be)
Copy of CNIC/ Smart NIC
Proof of Income
Complete and duly signed “Application Form”
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This will be a long-term loan with monthly installments spread over the term
of finance, secured through charge creation on property in favor of bank.
Financing facility under this segment is only for first time home owner.
Bank staff, excluding staff of Microfinance banks, are not eligible to apply
under this segment.
Financing will be offered for first purchase / transfer of the housing unit.
Financing for renovation of existing housing unit will not be allowed under the
facility
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preferred cum prudent provider of a “Total Banking Solution” to the Small & Medium
Market segment.
With this renewed focus and strategy, ABL offers its customers a wide range of
products & services, meeting the needs of various types of businesses. Having best
available technology and a branch network spread across the country, ABL is well
positioned to cater to all sorts of business specific requirements.
Salient Features
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Financing duly secured against Local currency / Foreign Currency (£,$,€) Bank
Deposits / National Savings Certificates (DSC / SSC / RIC) / Allied Asset
Management Company Certificates (ABL income fund, ABL Cash fund, ABL
Islamic Income fund, ABL Islamic Financial Planning Fund, ABL Government
Securities Fund, ABL Financial Planning Fund, ABL Stock Fund & ABL Islamic
Stock Fund).
Under AFF, Financing against Guarantees (LG Discounting) issued in favour of
pesticides/Fertilizer Companies is allowed
Tenor of Loan
Tenor of Loan
1. Age
2. Business type
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Loans can be extended against one or more security options, details below:
1. Agriculture Land
2. Urban Property
3. Liquid Securities
4. Hypothecation
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The Bank will provide two type of financing facilities to the established farms based on
purpose under each segment.
Purpose
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Farm construction for broiler, layer, hatchery construction & Silos (concrete &
steel)
Sheds/semi-controlled sheds/Control sheds, automatic drinkers/tube feeders,
generators, ventilators, table eggs storage refrigeration plants
Low cost durables like utensils for water/feed, chick guard, spray pumps,
fumigants, weighing machines, tubs, water nipples, laying nets, PVC pipes &
crates etc.
Any other item required for the establishment of poultry industry
13.1.P URPOSE
A Credit Application is submitted to present a concise and objective assessment of the
risks / rewards of each transaction and state reasons for proceeding with the
transaction despite the risks. A Credit Application is required to:
* The Annual Review Date should occur on a common anniversary date each
year, and be proposed keeping in view the financial year end of the obligor to
ensure that stale financials are not reviewed in the credit package. A common
date should apply to all obligors of a related Group, unless otherwise approved
as an exception.
d. Propose minor amendments to facility structure, security, pricing, procedural
requirements, or cash/near-cash collateralized facilities, or certain one-off
transactions: Short Form Credit Application.
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13.2.2.Sanction Advice
The Sanction Advice will be used to state precise but complete details of the individual
facilities for each obligor. The BM/ RM / GRM should ensure that:
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13.2.6.Financial Spreads
For short term facilities, financial spreads of the obligors’ (and where appropriate, the
guarantors’) audited accounts for the preceding four accounting periods in the
standard spreadsheet format should be submitted with the Credit Package. For longer
term facilities, projections should be included for the term of the facility or five years,
whichever is higher. Financial Spreads for institutional obligors and insurance/takaful
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13.2.9.Other Documents
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Approval
Conditional approval or
Decline
Subsequent to approval / conditional approval, the credit facility will be disbursed
(subject to fulfillment of all requirements) in accordance with the terms of the
approval by the Credit Administration. Once a relationship is in place, a credit review
(regardless of whether the remaining tenor of approved facilities exceeds a period of
one year) is required on an annual basis for renewal of credit facilities. This annual
review will be applicable for all credit facilities (Regular / Follow-up Account / Watch
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List / Critical Watch List / OAEM / Substandard / Doubtful) excluding obligors classified
as Loss.
Where appropriate, business groups may seek approval of product programs for a
specified group of obligors with similar characteristics, product needs or risk profile
thus adopting a more standardized and efficient approach to the credit management
process.
14.2.1.Approval at Level I
a. Relationship Manager (RM)/Branch Manager(BM) will communicate with the
obligor to obtain information and prepare the Credit Application as per the
Credit Initiation guidelines contained in this Manual.
b. All Credit Applications falling under Level-I will be raised and approved by the
BM (as first credit signatory) who will forward the same to the Unit Head Asset.
c. Unit Head Asset will forward the CA to Regional Head (RH), CRBG for his
approval (as second credit signatory).
14.2.2.Approval at Level II
a. If a CA requires approval at Level-II, the BM after signoff will send the CA to Unit
Head Asset.
b. Unit Head Asset will forward the CA to RH CRBG (as first credit signatory) who
will approve the CA jointly with Unit Head, SME Risk (SMER) as second credit
signatory.
c. Unit Head SMER (if required) would forward the CA to any of his Risk Analysts
for evaluation. The risk analyst after financial analysis may either forward the
CA to another risk analyst for further comments/assessment or resend it to the
Unit Head SMER for approval.
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another Credit Analyst for further comments / assessment or resend it to the Unit
Head SMER for approval.
14.2.4.Approval at Level IV
a. If a CA falls under approval Level-IV, the approval chain will be as under:
a.1. Credit Limit is up to 75(M) for an Obligor & 150(M) for Group (with enhancement):
The BM after signoff will send the CA to Unit Head Asset. Unit Head Asset will send the CA
to RH-CRBG who will recommend and forward the CA to Head Commercial CRBG for his
recommendation to GH-CRBG who will approve the CA as first credit signatory and
forward the same to respective DH Assets – CRBG for his review and onward submission
to Unit Head SMER for his concurrence. UH-SMER will recommend the CA to Group Head
Commercial, SME & Consumer Risk (CSME&CR) for approval as second credit signatory.
a.2. Credit Limit is greater than 75(M) for an Obligor & 150(M) for Group. The BM after
signoff will send the CA to Unit Head Asset. Unit Head Asset will send the CA to RH-CRBG
who will recommend and forward the same to Head Commercial CRBG. Head Commercial
CRBG will submit the CA to GH-CRBG who will give his approval as first signatory and
forward the CA to respective DH Assets – CRBG for his review and onward submission to
DH CSME&CR for review. DH CSME&CR will recommend the CA to GH – CSME & CR for
approval as second credit signatory.
b. GH-CSME&CR/ UH-SMER / DH-CSME&CR (if required) would forward the CA to any
of his/her Risk Analysts for analysis. The Risk Analyst after analysis may either
forward the CA to another Risk Analyst for further comments/ assessments or
resend it to the GH-CSME&CR/ UH-SMER/DH- CSME&CR.
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14.3.1.Approval at Level IV
a. Relationship Manager (RM) / Group Relationship Manager (GRM) / Senior
Relationship Manager (SRM) will communicate with the obligor to obtain
information and prepare the Credit Application (CA) as per the Credit
Application guidelines provided in Chapter 2 of this manual.
b. RM / GRM / SRM will sign off the CA and forward the same to the Team Leader
(TL) for his/her signoff.
c. TL will sign off the CA and forward the same to the Regional Corporate Head
(RCH) for approval as first credit signatory at Level–IV
d. RCH will sign the CA as first credit signatory and forward the same to GH
Corporate & FI Risk (GH CFIR) for joint approval (as second credit signatory at
Level–IV).
e. GHCFIR (if required) would forward the CA to any of his Risk Analysts for
assessment. The Risk Analyst after financial analysis may either forward the CA
to other Risk Analysts for further assessment /comments or resend it to the GH
CFIR for approval.
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