Elc550 Draft For Term Paper

ELC550 DRAFT FOR TERM PAPER
INTRO
Firstly, the unhealthy food practices among children is over intake of junk food that
are high in-calories (Boylan et al., 2017; Mahmood et al., 2021). According Huffman
(2014) the consumption of lower-quality snacks, on the other hand, has been linked
to an increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity. More than 35% of snacks
consumed by school-aged children were sweets, 23.8 percent sugary beverages,
and 9.4% savoury snacks, while intake of nuts, yoghurt, and fresh fruits was
incredibly low. (Spadafranca et al., 2018). According to a recent national survey,
"discretionary foods" (unhealthy foods) accounted for a little over one-third (35%) of
total daily energy, with the amount of energy from fatty foods the highest among 14–
18-year-olds (41%) (Boylan et al., 2017) According to PeNSE (2015) data, 26.7
percent of Brazilian students drink soft drinks five times or more each week. Sweets
(41.6 percent), ultra-processed snacks (31.1 percent), and fried savouries (13.7
percent) were all commonly consumed by schoolchildren.
Besides that, consuming meals while watching television is also unhealthy food
practices among children (Boylan et al., 2017; Mahmood et al., 2021; Sousa et al.,
2019). According to Biddle et al. (2014), harmful behaviours such as munching on
unhealthy snacks, replacing physical activity, and inadequate sleep, it has been
proposed that watching television plays a major role in the underlying cause of
obesity. his practice has a negative impact on the development of a healthier life
since it encourages inadvertent overeating and impairs the child's sense of satiety.
Furthermore, those who spend lengthy periods of time in front of the television are
more likely to be exposed to unhealthy foods through the media and are more likely
to engage in sedentary habits. (Maia et al., 2016). School of Public Health Project
Eating and Activity over Time (EAT) researchers discovered that children in
households who watched TV while eating meals had a lower-quality diet than
children in families that switched the TV off during meals. (Feldman et al.,2007).
According to Feldman et al. (2007)also according to the same research, kids who
watch television while attending family meals ate less grains and greens and drank
more fizzy drinks.
On the other hand, children are susceptible to the negative impacts of advertising
leads to this behaviour. (Boylan et al., 2017; Ha et al., 2020; Sousa et al., 2019).
Food commercials trigger hedonic food cue processing and eating behaviour on
multiple levels, including increased visual attention to unhealthy foods, hedonic
eating requests for and consumption of the advertised foods, and preference for and
consumption of high-fat, high-sugar, high-carbohydrate foods (Harris et al., 2009).
The majority of the advertising features ultra-processed meals with a high calorie
density, and they are frequently paired with toys and characters from children's
television shows (Rodrigues et al., 2012). According to recent studies by Powell et
al. (2011), the majority of the data collected has been evaluated in the case of
television commercials because this medium and marketing instrument is still the
primary source for the production of messages for children. In fact, television
advertising accounts for almost 40% of all advertising costs focused on children.
According to King et al. (2012), health promotion activities may be more effective if
messages more properly reflect consumption behaviour.
Next, a result on the junk food intake measure in children found associated with
numerous of poor parenting and household lifestyle factors (Boylan et al., 2017;
Mahmood et al., 2021; Sousa et al., 2019). The Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child
Development, which included 1492 children, discovered that children who lived in a
healthier home setting, with less family pressure to eat, consumed less carbonated
beverages (Mahmood et al., 2021). Carnell et al. (2011) claims severe long-term
health consequences associated with overeating and rising intake of junk foods
mean parents frequently treat their children's good behaviour with sugary treats.
According to Grunseit et al. (2011) stated that these correlations, taken combined,
may illustrate the role of unhealthy lifestyle home environments in children's
unhealthy food consumption in some of these households. Contributes to the habit of
watching TV and eating in front of a screen, given that lack of security by parents
keeps children indoors for the majority of the day, making it impossible to play and
engage in physical activities outdoors (Dutra et al., 2015).
Other than that, low intake of nutrient-deficient foods among children is also one of
the unhealthy food practises (Boylan et al., 2017; Mahmood et al., 2021; Sousa et
al., 2019). Robinson et al. (2008) stated that due to dietary expenses, low-income
households appear to have less access to nutritious foods and maybe more access
to unhealthy food, which could explain some of the correlations between SES and
nutritional density of eaten meals. According to a recent study from NSW, there were
also evident variations in weight and weight-related patterns among low-income
children relating to cultural background (Hardly et al., 2013). The observations are
worrisome since soft drink intake frequently replaces healthy drinks in the diet such
as water and milk, thus raising the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, dental cavities,
and bone fractures (Grunseit et al., 2011). According to Sousa et al. (2019) finds that
encouragement of school meal consumption is critical, as it is a guaranteed
entitlement in public schools and an opportunity to consume healthy food;
nonetheless, less than 60% of the sample reported taking school.
Furthermore children normally avoiding breakfast also leading to unhealthy food

practices (Mahmood et al., 2021; Sousa et al., 2019). Excessive intake of unhealthy
foods, as well as a high prevalence of breakfast skipping, could be a reflection of the
population's high HVI, especially given its low socioeconomic status (Sousa et al.,
2019). According to Mahmood et al. (2021) there are over 36,000 children in the
globe never have breakfast at home. This has been discovered that children of
breakfast skippers are more likely to miss breakfast themselves will consume more
of lack nutrient food, and are more likely to become obese (Mahmood et al., 2021).
According Mahmood et al. (2021) also they stated that skipping breakfast was linked
to a lack of parenting practices focus on eating breakfast, according to a cross-
sectional study of 426 kids aged 10–14 years from four local Queensland schools.
REFERENCES
Article 1
Sousa, T. M. D., Santos, L. C. D., Costa, H. T. P., Carvalho, R. B. D., & Pereira, S. C. L. (2019).
Factors Associated with the Consumption of Food Markers of Unhealthy Diet Among
School Children in Situations of High Health Vulnerability. Journal of Tropical
Pediatrics, 65(6), 576–582. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmz013
Article 2
Ha, O., Killian, H. j., Davis, A. M., Lim, S., Bruce, J. M., Sotos, J. J., Nelson, S. C., Bruce, A. S.
(2020, December 2). Promoting resilience to food commercials decreases
susceptibility to unhealthy food decision-making. National centre for
biotechnology information.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7738621/
Article 3
Boylan, S., Hardy, L. L., Drayton, B. A., Grunseit, A., & Mihrshahi, S. (2017).
Assessing junk food consumption among Australian children: trends and
associated characteristics from a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health,
17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4207-x
Article 4
Mahmood, L., Flores-Barrantes, P., Moreno, L. A., Manios, Y., & Gonzalez-Gil, E. M(2021b).
The Influence of Parental Dietary Behaviors and Practices on Children’s Eating Habits.
Nutrients, 13(4), 1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041138
Article 5
Emond, J. A., Longacre, A. R., Drake, K. M., Titus, L. J., Hendricks, K. (2019). Influence of
child-targeted fast food TV advertising exposure on fast food intake: a longitudinal
study of preschool-age children. National Centre for Biotechnology Information.
140(134). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.05.012

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Furthermore children normally avoiding breakfast also leading to unhealthy food

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