Pressure Vessles PPT 25.02.2020

A
Presentation on
PRESSURE VESSEL
By
Mrs. Sonali Mahajan
Thermax Ltd, Pune
CONTENTS
 Types of Pressure Vessels

 Major International Codes & Standards
 List of Sections
 Commonly Used Materials
 Inputs Required for Mechanical Design of Pressure Vessel
 Design of Pressure Vessel Elements
 Non- Pressurised Components
 Software
 List of reference books
5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 2

TYPES OF PRESSURE VESSELS
VESSEL REACTOR
COLUMN

TYPES OF PRESSURE VESSELS (contd…)

TYPES OF PRESSURE VESSELS (contd…)
COLUMNS & PROCESS TOWERS (PACKED & TRAY INSTALLED)
REACTORS
SEPARATORS
RECEIVERS
DRUMS
HEAT EXCHANGERS

LIST OF SECTIONS AS PER ASME CODES
I Rules for Construction of Power III Rules for Construction of Nuclear

Boilers Facility Components
II Materials • Subsection NCA — General Requirements
for Division 1 and Division 2
• Part A — Ferrous Material Specifications
• Appendices
• Part B — Nonferrous Material
Specifications • Division 1
• Part C — Specifications for Welding Rods, – Subsection NB — Class 1 Components
Electrodes, and Filler Metals
– Subsection NC — Class 2 Components
• Part D — Properties (Customary)
– Subsection ND — Class 3 Components
• Part D — Properties (Metric)
– Subsection NE — Class MC Components
– Subsection NF — Supports
– Subsection NG — Core Support Structures

LIST OF SECTIONS AS PER ASME
CODES (Contd..)
IV Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers Continued…
V Nondestructive Examination • Division 2 — Code for Concrete Containments
VI Recommended Rules for the Care and • Division 3 — Containment Systems for Transportation
Operation of Heating Boilers and Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level
VII Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Radioactive Material

Power Boilers
• Division 5 — High Temperature Reactors
VIII Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
XI Rules for In service Inspection of Nuclear Power
• Division 1 Plant Components
• Division 2 — Alternative Rules • Division 1 — Rules for Inspection and Testing of

Components of Light-Water-Cooled Plants
• Division 3 — Alternative Rules for Construction
of High Pressure Vessels • Division 2 — Requirements for Reliability and Integrity
Management (RIM) Programs for Nuclear Power
IX Welding, Brazing, and Fusing
Qualifications Plants
X Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels XII Rules for Construction and Continued Service of
Transport Tanks

MAJOR INTERNATIONAL CODES
ASME Section VIII Division 1 - Ed. 2019
ASME Section VIII Division 2 -Ed. 2019
ASME Section VIII Division 3 - Ed. 2019
PD-5500 - Ed. 2018

COMPARISION OF FACTOR OF SAFETY AND
LIMITATIONS OF CODES
ASME Section VIII Division 1
ASME Section VIII Division 2
PD-5500

ASME SECTION VIII DIVISION 1
 FACTOR OF SAFETY
1) For Ferrous & Non-Ferrous alloys:
• 1.5 based on Sy Sy - Yield Stress
• 3.5 based on ST ST - Ultimate Tensile Stress
2) For Bolting materials (Ferrous & Non-Ferrous):
• 1.5 based on Sy
• 4.0 based on ST
3) For Bolting Materials (Ferrous & Non-ferrous Enhanced by HT/ Strain Hardening)
• 4.0 based on Sy
• 5.0 based on ST
 LIMITATIONS
1) Minimum Internal Pressure (U-1(c)2) >= 15 psi (100 Kpa)
2) Maximum Internal Pressure (U-1(d)) <= 3000 psi (20 Mpa)
3) Minimum Inside Dim. (dia./width/length/diagonal) (U-1(c)2) >= 6 in (152 mm)
4) Cyclic loading not covered.

ASME SECTION VIII DIVISION 2
(Used for Cyclic loadings also)
 FACTOR OF SAFETY
1) For Ferrous & Non-ferrous Alloys:
 1.5 based on Sy
 2.4 based on ST
2) For Bolting Materials (Ferrous & Non-ferrous):
 1.5 based on Sy
 4.0 based on ST
3) For Bolting Materials (Ferrous & Non-ferrous Enhanced by HT/ Strain Hardening)
 4.0 based on Sy
 5.0 based on ST
 3.0 based on ST ( For Table 4 i.e. Design as per part 5)
 LIMITATIONS
1) Minimum Int./Ext. Op. Pressure (1.2.4.2 h) >= 15 psi (103 Kpa)
2) Maximum Pressure NO FIXED LIMITS
3) Minimum Inside Dim. (dia./width/length/diagonal) (1.2.4.2 i) >= 6 in (150 mm)

BRITISH STANDARD PD-5500 (contd.)
LIMITATIONS
Not Applicable for:

 Storage tanks designed for the storage of liquids at near atmosphere pressures.
 Low pressure, above ground level storage tanks which have a single vertical axis of
revolution designed for the storage of liquids at a pressure not exceeding 1 bar.
 Vessels in which the stresses calculated in accordance with the equations given in
Section 3 are less than 10% of design stresses permitted in Section 3.
 Multi-layered, auto frettaged, pre-stressed vessels or other special design of vessels
which may be appropriate for very high pressures.
 Transport vessels, i.e. vessel used for transport of contents under pressure.

LOCAL LOAD ANALYSIS
METHODS USED AS PER
 WRC 107 / 537
 WRC 297
 FEA
 PD-5500 (Annexure-G)

OTHER STANDARDS & CODES
1) WIND LOADS
 IS-875 (Part 3)-2015
 UBC, 2018/ IBC, 2018
 ASCE 7, 2018
2) SEISMIC LOADS
 IS-1893 (Part 1)-2002 + (Part 4) - 2015
 UBC, 2018, IBC, 2018
 ASCE 7, 2018

OTHER STANDARDS & CODES
LOCAL STATUTORY RULES AND REQUIREMENTS (India)

◦ IBR 2010 (Standard for materials, design, construction, inspection & testing of boiler & boiler
components for compliance by the manufacturers & users of boiler in India)
 Boiler means any closed vessel exceeding 22.75 litres (five gallons) in capacity which is used expressly for
generating steam under pressure and includes any mounting or other fitting attached to such vessel, which is
wholly or partly under pressure when steam is shut off
 but does not include a pressure vessel with less than 1.0 Kg/Cm2 design gauge pressure or in which water is
heated below 1000C.
 Steam-pipe means any pipe through which steam passes from a boiler if the pressure exceeds 3.5 Kg/cm2above
atmospheric pressure; or if such pipe exceeds 254 mm in internal diameter and includes any connected fitting.
 Feed-pipe means any pipe under pressure through which feed-water passes directly to a boiler. Every reference to
a steam-pipe shall be deemed to include also a feed-pipe.
◦ CCOE (Chief Controller of Explosive - Head of Petroleum & Explosive Safety organization ) : Rules related to
manufacture, import, export, transport, possession, sale & use of explosives, petroleum products & compressed
gas.

INPUTS REQUIRED FOR MECHANICAL
DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSEL
Pressure  Other Loadings.
 Piping Loads
Temperature
 Platform & Other Loads
Corrosion Allowance
Material of Construction
Allowable stress
Loadings
 Wind
 Seismic

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSEL ELEMENTS
1.Cylindrical Shells
2. Spherical Shells
3. Heads
 Ellipsoidal
 Torispherical
 Hemispherical
4. Transition Sections
 Cones
 Toricones
5. Openings and reinforcement pads
6. Wind & Seismic Analysis.
7. WRC Calculation / Finite Element Analysis

SECTION VIII DIV I
Scope
Sub section A
Sub section B
Sub section C
Mandatory Appendices
Non-Mandatory Appendices

CODE LIMITS
20 MPa/3000 psi (U-1(f))
Geometrical limits (U-1(e))
In relation to the geometry of pressure containing parts, the scope of this Division shall include the
following:
U-1(e)(1)
Where external piping; other pressure vessels including heat exchangers; or mechanical devices such as
pumps, mixers, compressors, are to be connected to the vessel:
(a) the welding end connection for the first circumferential joint for welded connections
(b) the first threaded joint for screwed connections
(c) the face of the first flange for bolted, flanged connections
(d) the first sealing surface for proprietary connections or fittings
U-1(e)(3) Pressure retaining covers for vessel openings such as manhole or handhole covers and bolted
covers with their attaching bolts and nuts

CODE LIMITS
U-1(c)(2) (-d) structures whose primary function is the
Based on the Committee’s consideration, the following transport of fluids from one location to another within a
classes of vessels are not included in the scope system of which it is an integral part, that is, piping
of this Division; systems;
(-a) those within the scope of other Sections; (-e) piping components, such as pipe, flanges, bolting,
(-b) fired process tubular heaters; gaskets, valves, expansion joints, and fittings, and the
(-c) pressure containers which are integral parts pressure-containing parts of other components, such as
or components of rotating or reciprocating mechanical strainers and devices which serve such purposes as
mixing,
devices, such as pumps, compressors, turbines, generators,
separating, snubbing, distributing, and metering or
engines, and hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders where
controlling flow, provided that pressure-containing parts
the primary design considerations and/or stresses are
derived of such components are generally recognized as piping
from the functional requirements of the device; components or accessories;

CODE LIMITS
U-1(g) Vessels That Generate Steam
(1) Unfired steam boilers shall be constructed in accordance with the rules of Section I.
(2) The following pressure vessels in which steam is generated shall not be considered as unfired steam boilers
,and shall be constructed in accordance with the rules of this Division:
(-a) vessels known as evaporators or heat
exchangers;
(-b) vessels in which steam is generated by the use
of heat resulting from operation of a processing system containing a number of pressure vessels such as used in
the manufacture of chemical and petroleum products;
(-c) vessels in which steam is generated but not withdrawn for external use.

GENERAL
U-2 (g)
This Division of Section VIII does not contain rules to cover all details
of construction. Where complete details of construction are not given,
the Manufacturer, subject to the acceptance of the Authorized Inspector,
shall provide the appropriate details to be used.

GENERAL Table-U-3

GENERAL Table-U-3

GENERAL Table-U-3

SUBSECTION A
DESIGN UG-16 TO 55
Loadings to be used for Design are described in UG-22

Maximum allowable stress values – Clause UG-23 and referenced
tables
Components normally encountered would be –
Shell (cylindrical or spherical generally).
Heads (hemispherical, ellipsoidal, torispherical, conical, flat)
Nozzles (mostly radial and round but sometimes…)
Supports (legs, skirt, saddle, etc.)

UG-27 Design of Thin cylindrical shell for
internal pressure
1) Cylindrical Shell Thickness for Internal Pressure (Ref. UG 27)
Circumferential Direction- (when t < 0.5R or P < 0.385SE)
PR PRo
t c t c
SE  0.6P SE  0.4P
Where, E = Joint Efficiency Factor (from code)
P = Internal Pressure
R = Inside radius (corroded)
Ro = Outside radius
S = Allowable tensile Stress in the Material (from ASME SEC II PART D)
t = Minimum Thickness of the Cylinder.
c = Corrosion Allowance
The above equation can be rewritten to calculate the maximum pressure when the thickness is known.
SE (t  c) SE(t  c)
P P
R  0.6(t  c) Ro  0.4(t  c)

UG-27 Design of Thin cylindrical shell for
internal pressure(contd.)
Longitudinal Direction -
PR
t c When t < 0.5R or P < 1.25SE
2SE  0.4P
The above equation can be rewritten to calculate the maximum pressure
when the thickness is known.
2SE(t  c)
P
R  0.4(t  c)
Note: Minimum required thickness = 1.5 mm + Corrosion Allowance (Ref. UG-16 b)

UG-28 External Pressure Concepts –
Unsupported Length

UG-28 External Pressure Concepts –
Unsupported Length (contd.)
4B
P
3 Do t 
 
2 AE
P
3 Do t 
 

UG-29 Stiffening Rings for cylindrical shell
under external pressure
For specified External Pressure,
Required Thickness with in effective length.
The Length can be reduced by providing Stiffening Rings at various intervals.
The required Moment of Inertia of such Rings is determined from
Is = [Do2 Ls (t + As/Ls) A] / 14
or
Is’ = [Do2 Ls (t + As/Ls) A] / 10.9
Where,
Is = Reqd. Moment Of Inertia of the Cross Section of the Ring about its Neutral Axis, in.4
Is’ = Reqd. Moment Of Inertia of the Cross Section of the Ring and Effective Shell about their
combined Neutral Axis, in4.
The Effective Length of the Shell is taken as 1.10 (Dots)1/2

UG-29 Stiffening Rings for cylindrical shell
under external pressure(contd.)
Ls = Half the distance from central line of the Stiffening Ring to the next Line of
Support on one side plus Half the distance from the central line of the Ring to
the next line of Support on the other Side.
A line of Support is
- A Stiffening Ring
- Jacket Bar
-Circumferential Line on a head at one third the depth of the Head
-Cone-to-Cylinder Junction
As = Area of the Stiffening Ring, in.2.
t = Minimum Required Thickness of the Shell, in.
ts = Nominal Thickness of the Shell, in.

UG-30 Methods of Attaching Stiffening Rings

UG-30 Methods of Attaching Stiffening Rings
(Contd…)

UG-32 Formed Heads under Internal Pressure

UG-34 Design of Unstayed Flat heads and
covers
Standard blind flanges

Welded flat heads
Bolted Flanged connections

UG-36 Opening in Shell & heads:
SHAPE AND SIZE OF OPENINGS
Openings in cylindrical shells and formed heads are usually circular, elliptical or obround.
The obround shape is used in case of a non-radial nozzle opening.
However, any other shape is also permitted, but there may be no method of analysis given in the Code.
Properly reinforced openings in cylindrical & conical shells are not limited to size except with the following
provisions for design.
Limitations: For openings in a cylindrical shell, the rules given in UG-36 through UG-43 are limited to the
following sizes:
For vessels 60 in. (1 520 mm) inside diameter and less, onehalf the vessel diameter, but not to exceed 20 in.
(510 mm).
For vessels over 60 in. (1 520 mm) inside diameter, one‐third the vessel diameter, but not to exceed 40 in. (1
020 mm).
UG-36 Opening in Shell & heads
Opening in vessels not subject to rapid fluctuations in pressure do not require
Reinforcement under the following conditions. (UG-36C)
Finish opening diameter < 89 mm (3 ½ in.) [ in vessel shells or heads with required
minimum thickness < 10 mm ( 3/8 in.) ]
Finish opening diameter < 60 mm (2 3/8 in.) [ in vessel shells or heads with required
minimum thickness > 10 mm ( 3/8 in.) ]
Threaded, studded or expanded connections with opening diameter < 60 mm (2 3/8 in.)

UG-37 Reinforcement required for openings in
shells and formed heads

UG-37 Reinforcement required for openings in
shells and formed heads

UG-40 Limits of Reinforcement
1) Parallel Limit 2) Normal Limit

The limits of reinforcement, measured The limits of reinforcement, measured
parallel to the vessel wall, shall be at a normal to the vessel wall, shall conform
distance, on each side of the axis of the to the contour of the surface at a distance
opening, equal to the greater of the from each surface equal to the smaller of
the
following:
following:
(1) the diameter d of the finished
opening; (1) 2 1/2 times the vessel wall thickness t
;
(2) the inside radius, Rn, of the nozzle
plus the vessel wall thickness t , plus the (2) 2 1/2 times the nozzle wall thickness
nozzle wall thickness tn. tn plus the thickness te as defined in
Figure UG-40.

UG-41 Design of Openings
Strength of reinforcement

UG-44 Flanges & Pipe Fittings
Flanges (UG-44) Types Of Flanges:

Accept by rating if standard (B16.5, 1) Loose type
B16.47)
2) Integral type
Else calculate per Appendix 2
3)Optional type
Note: Effect of corrosion to be
considered in selection of standard
flanges, specially blind flanges
Flange Rigidity

Appendix -2 Loose Type Flanges

Appendix -2 Integral Type Flanges

Appendix -2 Optional Type Flanges

Appendix -2 Flange Rigidity

UG-45- Nozzle neck Thickness
NOMENCLATURE:
Nozzle Neck Thickness (UG-45)
tn - Min. wall thickness of nozzle neck
ta - Min. required neck thickness for internal
pressure (UG-27) & external pressure (UG-28)
tb1 - For vessel under internal pressure, min.
required thickness of vessel for internal
pressure (assuming joint efficiency = 1)
tb2 - For vessel under external pressure, min.
required thickness of vessel using the external
pressure as an equivalent internal design
pressure (assuming joint efficiency = 1)
tb3 - Minimum required thickness of nozzle neck (as
per table UG-45)
tug-45 - Minimum required wall thickness of nozzle
neck.

Design UG 16 to UG-55
Non pressurised Components
1) SUPPORTS 2) ATTATCHMENT
 Skirt Supports  Pipe Davits

(Anchor Chair Design)
 Platform and Ladder Clips
 Saddle Supports- Zick Analysis (As per PD
5500 Annex G / ASME SEC VIII Div. 2
 Insulation Cleats
part 4.15)
 Leg Supports  Lifting Lugs, Trunnions, Tailing Lugs

As per
 Ring Supports Dennis
Moss  Internal Support Rings
 Lug / Bracket Supports
 Internal Baffles

Design UG 16 to UG-55
Supports –
PD 5500 gives good guidance for many calculations not given in ASME code,
including support calculations. Else use any design handbook. Saddle supports are
normally calculated by the Zick method. However, this method does not consider any
external load (e.g., wind, earthquake). Also, it is limited to 2 saddles
Note – worst condition for saddle supports may be a condition when vessel is full of
water with no pressure
As far as ASME code is concerned, the support itself is out of the code purview (but it
needs to be designed anyway)
Our interest is limited to stress in shell at the location of support
Allowable stresses must always be taken as per Div. 1

MATERIALS (UG-4 to UG-15)
Commonly used materials
1) Carbon Steels
2) Low Alloy Steels
3) High Alloy Steels
4) Exotic and Non-Ferrous Materials

UG-5 Plates
UG-6 Forgings UG-7 Castings
UG-9 Welding
UG-8 Pipes & Tubes Materials UG-14 Rods & Bars.
ORDERING MATERIALS CORRECTLY
ASTM Materials
See Guideline on Acceptable ASTM Editions

SR. MATERIAL UNS NO. PRODUCT TYPE
NO.
I] Commonly Used Carbon Steel (C, C-Mn, C-Si, C-Mn-Si) Materials.
1 SA-285 GR. C K02801 PLATE
2 SA-515 GR 60 K02401 PLATE
3 SA-515 GR 70 K03101 PLATE
4 SA-516 GR 60 K02100 PLATE
5 SA-516 GR 70 K02700 PLATE
6 SA-105 K03504 FORGINGS
7 SA-266 CL.2 K03506 FORGINGS
8 SA-106 GR B K03006 SEAMLESS (SMLS.) PIPE
9 SA 333 GR 6 K03006 SMLS. & WELDED PIPE
10 SA-179 K01200 SMLS. TUBE

SR. MATERIAL COMPOSITION UNS NO. PRODUCT TYPE
NO.
II] Commonly Used Low-Alloy Steel Materials.
1 SA-387 Gr.12, Cl.1,2 1 Cr – ½ Mo 11757 PLATE
2 SA-335 GR.P11 1¼Cr-½ Mo- Si K11597 SMLS. PIPE
3 SA-213 Gr. T11 1¼Cr-½ Mo- Si K11597 SMLS. TUBE
4 SA-182 F11 Cl.2 1¼Cr-½ Mo- Si K11572 FORGINGS

NO.
III] Commonly Used High Alloy Steel Material
1 SA- 240 GR. 304 18Cr–8Ni S30400 PLATE
2 SA- 240 GR. 304L 18Cr–8Ni S3 0403 PLATE
3 SA- 240 GR. 316 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo S31600 PLATE
4 SA- 240 GR. 316L 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo S31603 PLATE
5 SA- 240 GR. 321 18Cr – 10 Ni -Ti S32100 PLATE
6 SA- 240 GR. 347 18Cr-10Ni-Cb S34700 PLATE
7 SA- 213 TP. 304 18Cr–8Ni S30400 SMLS. TUBE
8 SA- 213 TP. 304L 18Cr–8Ni S30403 SMLS. TUBE
9 SA- 213 TP. 316 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo S31600 SMLS. TUBE

NO.
10 SA- 213 TP. 316L 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo S31603 SMLS. TUBE
11 SA 249 TP 304 18Cr–8Ni S30400 WELDED TUBE
12 SA 249 TP 304L 18Cr–8Ni S30403 WELDED TUBE
13 SA 249 TP 316 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo S31600 WELDED TUBE
14 SA 249 TP 316L 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo S316003 WELDED TUBE
15 SA 312 TP 304 18Cr–8Ni S30400 SMLS. / WELDED PIPE
16 SA 312 TP 304L 18Cr–8Ni S304003 SMLS. / WELDED PIPE
17 SA 312 TP 316 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo S31600 SMLS. / WELDED PIPE
18 SA 312 TP 316L 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo S31603 SMLS. / WELDED PIPE
19 SA 182 F 304 18Cr–8Ni S30400 FORGINGS

NO.
20 SA 182 F 304L 18Cr–8Ni S30403 FORGINGS
21 SA 182 F 316 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo S31600 FORGINGS
22 SA 182 F 316L 16Cr-12Ni-2Mo S31603 FORGINGS
23 SA 182 F 321 18Cr-10Ni-Ti S32100 FORGINGS
24 SA 965 F304L 18Cr-8Ni S30403 FORGINGS
(Earlier used as SA 336 F304L)
25 DUPLEX (2205) 22Cr-5Ni-3Mo-N S31803 PLATE
26 SUPER DUPLEX 25Cr-7Ni-4Mo-N S32750 PLATE
(2507)
Maximum carbon content = 0.08% (for material UNS no. S30400, S31600, S32100 & S34700)
Maximum carbon content = 0.030% (for material UNS no. S30403 & S31603)
SR. MATERIAL COMPOSITION PRODUCT TYPE
NO.
IV] Commonly Used Exotic & Non Ferrous Material.
1 HASTELLOY 62Ni - 28Mo-5Fe (SB-333) PLATE
70Ni - 16Mo- 7Cr- 5Fe (SB-434)
47Ni- 22Cr-9Mo-18Fe (SB-435)
55Ni- 21Cr-13.5Mo (SB-575)
7Ni -22Cr-19Fe-6Mo (SB-582)
2 INCONEL 625 60Ni - 22 Cr -9Mo-3.5Cb (SB-443) PLATE
3 INCOLOY 825 42Ni – 21.5Cr -3Mo-2.3Cu (SB-424) PLATE
4 TITANIUM Ti (SB-265) PLATE
Ti -3Al – 2.5V (SB-265)
Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni (SB-265)
NO.
5 CUPRO-NICKEL 70 Cu - 30 Ni (SB-171) C71500 PLATE
6 NAVAL BRASS 59 Cu – 40 Zn - 0.5 Ti – C46500 PLATE
[SB-171 O25] 0.2Pb + 0.1 Fe –
0.02 P
7 ADMIRALTY BRASS 70 Cu – 28 Zn – 0.9 Ti – C44300 PLATE
[SB-171 O25] 0.07Pb + 0.06 Fe
– 0.02 P

FABRICATION UG 75 to 83
Accurate transfer of the original identification

markings to a location where the markings will be
visible on the completed vessel
Identification by a coded marking traceable to the
original required marking
Recording the required markings using methods
such as material tabulations or as built sketches
which assure identification of each piece of
material during fabrication and subsequent
identification in the completed vessel

Forming Shell sections and Heads (UG-79)
(a) Limits are provided on cold working of all carbon and

low alloy steels, nonferrous alloys, high alloy steels,and
ferritic steels with tensile properties enhanced by heat
treatment [see UCS-79(d), UNF-79(a), UHA-44(a), and
UHT-79(a)]. Forming strains or extreme fiber elongation
shall be determined by the equations in Table UG-79-1.
(b) When the vessel shell section, heads, or other pressure

boundary parts are cold formed by other than the
manufacturer of the vessel, the required certification for
the part shall indicate whether or not the part has been
heat treated (see UCS-79, UHA-44, UNF-79, and UHT-
79).

Permissible Out of roundness of cylindrical, conical and spherical shells (UG-80)

Tolerance for formed heads (UG-81)
The inner surface of a torispherical, toriconical, hemispherical or ellipsoidal head shall not deviate
outside the specified shape by more than 1.25% of D nor inside the specified shape by more then
5/8% of D where D is the nominal inside diameter of the vessel shell at point of attachment
The knuckle radius shall not be less than that specified
Lugs and fitting attachments (UG-82)
All lugs, brackets, saddle type nozzles, manhole frames, reinforcement around openings and other
appurtenances shall be formed and fitted to conform reasonably to the curvature of the shell or
surface to which they are attached
Code does not fully address tolerances
Code only specifies tolerances that validate the design rules

UG-90 Inspection and Tests
Manufacturer’s Duties (UG-90(b)(1))

Inspector’s Duties (UG-91)
Access for Inspector (UG-92)
Inspection of Materials (UG-93)
Marking on Materials (UG-94)
Examination of Surfaces during Fabrication (UG-95)
Dimensional Check of Component Parts (UG-96)
Inspection during Fabrication (UG-97)
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (UG-98)
Standard Hydrostatic Test (UG-99)
Pnuematic Test (UG-100)

Subsection B, Methods of fabrication
Part UW
 Service Restrictions (UW-2)
 Lethal (UW-2(a))
 Low Temperature (UW-2(b))
 Unfired Steam Boilers (UW-2(c)
 Direct Firing (UW-2(d))
 Joint category
 Weldable materials (UW-5)
 Attachment details (UW-13, UW-16)

Subsection B, Methods of Fabrication
Part UW

Subsection B, Methods of Fabrication
Part UW
Welding Processes (UW-27)

Welding Qualifications (UW-
28, UW-29)
Tack welds (UW-31)
Procedures for PWHT (UW-
40)

Part UW
Extent and Type of NDE
RT (UW-11)
RT1/RT2/RT3/RT4 (UG-116(e))
Efficiency (Table UW-12)
Part UW

Part UW
Extent and Type of NDE
UT (UW-53)
PT/MT (UG-103)

Subpart C, Part UCS
Materials (UCS-5 to UCS-12)

Design (UCS-16 to UCS-33, UCS-68)
PWHT (UCS-56)
Part UCS-56 PWHT for Carbon and Low
Alloy Steels

Part UCS - PWHT for Carbon and Low Alloy
Steels

Part UCS, Highlights
Fabrication (UCS-79, UCS-85)

UCS-79 FORMING PRESSURE PARTS

(a) The following provisions shall apply in addition to the general rules for forming given in UG-
79.
(b) Carbon and low alloy steel plates shall not be formed cold by blows.
(c) Carbon and low alloy steel plates may be formed by blows at a forging temperature provided
the blows do not objectionably deform.
(d) Except as addressed in (e) and for materials exempted below, the cold-formed areas of vessel
shell sections, heads, and other pressure parts shall be heat treated if the resulting extreme fiber
elongation determined in accordance with Table UG-79-1 exceeds 5% from the supplied
condition. Heat treatment shall be applied in accordance with UCS-56, except that alternative
heating and cooling rates and hold times may be applied to formed pipe and tube having a
nominal thickness of ¼ in. (6 mm) or less when the heat treatment method is demonstrated to
achieve a thorough heating of the pipe or tube.

(1) Cold-formed and bent P-No. 1 pipe and tube material having a nominal thickness not greater than 3/4 in. (19
mm) does not require post-forming heat treatment.
(2) For P-No. 1, Group Nos. 1 and 2 materials other than those addressed by (1), post-forming heat treatment is
required when the extreme fiber elongation exceeds 40% or if the extreme fiber elongation exceeds 5% and any
of the following conditions exist:
(-a) The vessel will contain lethal liquid or gaseous substances (see UW-2).
(-b) The material is not exempt from impact testing by the rules of this Division, or impact testing is required
by the material specification.
(-c) The nominal thickness of the part before cold forming exceeds 5/8 in. (16 mm).
(-d) The reduction by cold forming from the nominal thickness is more than 10% at any location where the
extreme fiber elongation exceeds 5%.
(-e) The temperature of the material during forming is in the range of 250°F to 900°F (120°C to 480°C).
(3) Cold-formed or bent P‐Nos. 3 through 5C pipe and tube materials having an outside diameter not greater
than 41/2 in. (114 mm) and a nominal thickness not greater than 1/2 in. (13 mm) do not require a post-forming
heat treatment. The extreme fiber elongation shall be determined by the equations in Table UG-79-1.

Brittle Fracture

Subpart C, Part UCS 66
Low Temperature Operation
Subpart C, Part UCS 66
Low Temperature Operation
UCS-66-
Unless exempted by the rules of UG-20(f) or other rules of this Division, Fig. UCS-66 shall be used to
establish impact testing exemptions for steels listed in Part UCS.
When Fig. UCS-66 is used, impact testing is required for a combination of minimum design metal
temperature and thickness which is below the curve assigned to the subject material.
If a minimum design metal temperature and thickness combination is on or above the curve, impact
testing is not required by the rules of this Division.
Components such as shells, heads, nozzles, manways, reinforcing pads, flanges, tube sheets, flat cover
plates, backing strips which remain in place and attachments which are essential to the structural
integrity of the vessel when welded to pressure retaining components, shall be treated as separate
components.
Each component shall be evaluated for impact test requirements based on its individual material
classification, thickness and minimum design metal temperature
Low temperature operation UCS-66
Governing Thickness

Low temperature operation UCS-66
Governing Thickness

Low Temperature Operation UCS-66






Part UHA-32 PWHT For High Alloy steels
“Common” Stainless (Austenitic)

Austenitic/ferritic-Duplex
Ferritic / martensitic
Conditions of service
Materials
Fabrication
Heat Treatment

(a) Before applying the detailed requirements and exemptions in these paragraphs, satisfactory
weld procedure qualifications of the procedures to be used shall be performed in accordance with
all the essential variables of Section IX including conditions of postweld heat treatment or lack of
postweld heat treatment and including other restrictions listed below. Welds in pressure vessels or
pressure vessel parts shall be given a postweld heat treatment at a temperature not less than
specified in Tables UHA-32-1 through UHA-32-7 when the nominal thickness, as defined in UW-
40(f), including corrosion allowance, exceeds the limits in the Notes to Tables UHA-32-1 through
UHA-32-7. The exemptions provided for in the Notes to Tables UHA-32-1 through UHA-32-7 are
not permitted when welding ferritic materials greater than 1/8 in. (3 mm) thick with the electron
beam welding process, or when welding P‐Nos. 6 and 7 (except for Type 405 and Type 410S)
materials of any thickness using the inertia and continuous drive friction welding processes. The
materials in Tables UHA-32-1 through UHA-32-are listed in accordance with the Section IX
P‐Number material groupings of Section IX, Table QW-432 and are also listed in Table UHA-23.


Part UHA-33 Radiographic Examination

Part UHA-34 Liquid Penetrant Examination
All austenitic chromium–nickel alloy steel and

austenitic/ferritic duplex steel welds, both groove and fillet,
that exceed a nominal size of 3/4 in. (19 mm), as defined in
UW-40(f), and all martensitic chromium steel welds shall be
examined for the detection of cracks by the liquid penetrant
method.
This examination shall be made following heat treatment if
heat treatment is performed.
All cracks shall be eliminated.

Part UHA-44 Requirement for Post
Fabrication Heat Treatment due to straining

Part UHA-51 Impact Tests
(c) Required Impact Testing When Thermal Treatments Are Performed. Impact tests are required at
the test temperature in accordance with (a) but not warmer than 70°F (20°C) whenever thermal
treatments79 within the temperature ranges listed for the following materials are applied:
(1) austenitic stainless steels thermally treated at temperatures between 900°F (480°C) and 1650°F
(900°C); however, Types 304, 304L, 316, and 316L that are thermally treated at temperatures
between 900°F (480°C) and 1,300°F (705°C) are exempt from impact testing provided the MDMT is
−20°F (−29°C) or warmer and vessel (production) impact tests of the thermally treated weld metal
are performed for Category A and B joints;
(2) austenitic‐ferritic duplex stainless steels thermally treated at temperatures between 600°F (315°C)
and 1,750°F (955°C);
(3) ferritic chromium stainless steels thermally treated at temperatures between 800°F (425°C) and
1,350°F (730°C);
(4) martensitic chromium stainless steels thermally treated at temperatures between 800°F (425°C)
and 1,350°F (730°C).

Part UHX Heat Exchanger
Since addenda 2003

Materials, Methods of Fabrication
Design, Types of HX
Tube to tube sheet welds
Expansion joints
Marking
Part UHX Heat Exchanger

Appendix 9 Jacketed Vessels

Appendix 13 Non Circular Vessels

Marking and Reports

Marking and Reports

Marking and Reports

Marking and Reports

Marking and Reports

WRC 107 & 297 (Local Load Calculation)
WRC 107 : (Local Stresses due to External Loadings)
Applicable for Hollow Attachment (on Spherical Shells)
Applicable for Solid Attachment (on Cylindrical Shells)
Applicable for round & rectangular attachment (on Cylindrical & Spherical Shells)
Analysis is valid for orthogonal nozzles only. (Nozzle axis perpendicular to vessel axis)
Provides vessel stress summation at vessel – nozzle junction
WRC 297 : (Local Stresses External Loadings)
Applicable for hollow attachments only (on cylindrical shells only)
Applicable for round attachments only (on cylindrical shells only)
Provides vessel stress summation (at pad edge & vessel to nozzle junction) & Nozzle stress
summation at vessel – nozzle junction, flexibility check
Sample PVElite Calculation..\FLASH COLUMN -TAG 100-C-1001 _ 100-C-2001 REV-

5_Final.pdf
SOFTWARES USED IN PV DESIGN
1. PV-Elite 2019 (For Vessels, Columns, Reactors, Heat exchanger design
2. Micro protol – 33.0.7.3 (Heat Exchanger & Pressure vessel design)
3. Compress – 7110 (Vessels, Columns, Reactors & Heat Exchanger Design)
4. Ansys 14 (Finite Element Analysis)
5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Page 105

REFERENCES
1 ASME Section-VIII, Division-1, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

2 Pressure Vessel Design Handbook - By Henry H Bednar
3 Pressure Vessel Handbook - By Eugene F Megyesy
4 Pressure Vessel Design Manual - By Dennis R. Moss
5 Process Equipment Design - By L.E. Brownell & E.H Young

Some Pictures from Sterlite Project



THANK YOU

Pressure Vessles PPT 25.02.2020

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pressure Vessles PPT 25.02.2020

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pressure Vessles PPT 25.02.2020

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

A

 Types of Pressure Vessels

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 2

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 3

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 4

COLUMNS & PROCESS TOWERS (PACKED & TRAY INSTALLED)

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 5

I Rules for Construction of Power III Rules for Construction of Nuclear

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 6

V Nondestructive Examination • Division 2 — Code for Concrete Containments

VII Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Radioactive Material

• Division 2 — Alternative Rules • Division 1 — Rules for Inspection and Testing of

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 7

ASME Section VIII Division 1 - Ed. 2019

ASME Section VIII Division 2 -Ed. 2019

ASME Section VIII Division 3 - Ed. 2019

PD-5500 - Ed. 2018

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 8

ASME Section VIII Division 1

ASME Section VIII Division 2

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 9

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 10

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 11

Not Applicable for:

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 12

METHODS USED AS PER

 WRC 107 / 537

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 13

 IS-875 (Part 3)-2015

 UBC, 2018/ IBC, 2018

 IS-1893 (Part 1)-2002 + (Part 4) - 2015

 UBC, 2018, IBC, 2018

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 14

LOCAL STATUTORY RULES AND REQUIREMENTS (India)

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 15

Pressure  Other Loadings.

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 16

5. Openings and reinforcement pads

6. Wind & Seismic Analysis.

7. WRC Calculation / Finite Element Analysis

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 17

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 18

20 MPa/3000 psi (U-1(f))

Geometrical limits (U-1(e))

(b) the first threaded joint for screwed connections

(d) the first sealing surface for proprietary connections or fittings

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 19

U-1(c)(2) (-d) structures whose primary function is the

of this Division; systems;

from the functional requirements of the device; components or accessories;

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 20

U-1(g) Vessels That Generate Steam

(-a) vessels known as evaporators or heat

(-b) vessels in which steam is generated by the use

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 21

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 22

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 23

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 24

5 March 2020 THERMAX LTD Slide 25