FIRE FIGHTING TOOLS AND

EQUIPMENT
Bureau of Fire Protection-
Special Rescue Unit

Fire Officers’ Examination (FOE)

Review
30 January 2013

BASED ON NFPA 1001 STANDARD

Introduction:
Introduction
General
Considerations
• SAFETY – is the prime consideration when using tools
and equipment, this includes use of proper Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) that includes:

Approved Helmet Turnout coat

Firefighting Hood Bunker pants
Eye Protection Boots
Face Shield SCBA
Approved Firefighting Personal Alert Safety
gloves System
Introduction:
Introduction
General
Considerations

EFFECTIVE USE – effective and efficient
use of tools means using the least amount
of energy to accomplish the task, When
assigned a task at the fireground, the
objective is to complete the task safely and
quickly;
Functional
Introduction
Category of
Tools:

Rotating

Pushing or Pulling

Prying or spreading

Striking

Cutting

Multiple use
Functional Category of
Tools:
Functional Category of
Tools:
Functional Category of
Tools:
Rotating Tools
Introduction

Applies rotational force to

make something turn. The
most common rotating tools
are screw drivers,
wrenches, pliers, which are
used to assemble (fit
together) or disassemble
(take apart) parts that are
connected with threaded
fasteners; the following are
common rotating tools:
 Introduction
Pushing or Pulling Tools

Used for pushing and

pulling, these tools are
to extend the reach of
the fire fighter as well as
increase the power that
can be exerted upon an
object;
 Introduction
Prying or Spreading Tools

Used for prying or

spreading, tools may be
as simple as a pry bar or
as mechanically
complex as a hydraulic
spreader.
 Introduction
Striking Tools

Used to apply an impact

force to an object, they
are often used to gain
entrance to a building or
a vehicle or to make an
opening in a wall or roof.
 Introduction
Cutting Tools

Are tools that

have sharp
edge that
severs an
object, they
come in several
forms and are
used to cut a
variety of
materials;
 Introduction
Multifunction Tools

Certain tools are

designed to perform
multiple functions ,
thus reducing the
total number of
tools needed to
achieve a goal.
Functional Category of
Tools:
Functional Category of
Tools:
Functional Category of
Tools:
 Introduction
Special Use Tools

Some fire situations require special use tools that

perform other functions. For example fire
departments located in areas where bush and ground
fires may need to carry rakes, brooms, shovels etc.
FIRE APPARATUS
 Introduction
Fire Trucks/Appliance/Engines

Is a vehicle designed to assist in fighting

fires by transporting firefighters to the
scene and providing them with access to
the fire, along with water or other
equipment. In some areas, the terms fire
engine and fire truck represent different
types of firefighting apparatus.
 Introduction
TYPES

CONVENTIONAL FIRE APPARATUS

 Introduction
TYPES

AERIAL FIRE APPARATUS

Turntable Ladder
 Introduction
TYPES

AERIAL FIRE APPARATUS

Tower Ladder
 Introduction
TYPES

AERIAL FIRE APPARATUS

Tiller Ladder
 Introduction
TYPES

AERIAL FIRE APPARATUS

Hydraulic Platform
 Introduction
TYPES

HEAVY RESCUE TRUCK

 Introduction
TYPES

BRUSH TRUCK
 Introduction
TYPES

HAZMAT APPARATUS
 Introduction
TYPES

COMMAND UNIT APPARATUS

 Introduction
OTHER TYPES

TANKER TRUCK

HOSE TENDER

FOAM TENDER

FIRE BOAT

FIRE TRAIN

MOTORCYCLE

AIRPORT CRASH TENDER
END
FIRE SUPPRESSION PROCEDURES
AND TECHNIQUES
Bureau of Fire Protection-
Special Rescue Unit

Fire Officers’ Examination (FOE)

Review
30 January 2013

BASED ON NFPA 1001 STANDARD

1.Introduction
Response/Size Up

This phase begins when the emergency call is

received and continues as the unit travel to the
incident scene. The last part of this phase involves
the initial observation and evaluation of factors used
to determine the strategy and tactics that will be
employed
SIZE UP
Definition: SIZE UP

Size up - is a systematic process

consisting of the rapid, yet
deliberate, consideration of all
critical factors that leads to the
development of a rational action
plan based on these factors.
3 WAYS TO OBTAIN INFORMATION:

a. Preincident Planning and Familiarization

– provides facts that must be readily
available for effective and efficient decision
making and operation process;
b.Empirical – provides sensory assessment of
the situation;
c. Reconnaissance – the primary survey from
occupants or bystanders that may provide
helpful information
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN
SIZING UP

NATURE OF INCIDENT/EMERGENCY

LIFE SAFETY HAZARD

AREA OF OPERATION

Time & Space

RESOURCES

SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES
2.Introduction
Forcible Entry

This phase begins when entry to buildings, vehicles,

aircrafts, or other confined areas are locked or
blocked requiring fire fighters to use special
techniques to gain access.
FORCIBLE ENTRY
Introduction

Forcible Entry

The ability to gain entry to secured
areas and buildings;

Is often one of the first procedure
conducted at fire and emergency
scenes;

Is a combination of knowledge, skills,
and experience.
Essentials of Forcible
Entry: Knowledge

A working knowledge of many
types of locks, hardware, doors,
and other assemblies is essential
to successful forcible entry
operations. firefighting must able to
“size up” the quickest and easiest
way to gain access to buildings
such as doors.
Essentials of Forcible
Entry: Skills

The element of skills involve a
firefighting's ability to apply knowledge of
building construction, locks assemblies,
tools and techniques to accomplish the
necessary task of forcible entry. This
means choosing the proper tools and
applying the best techniques when using
tools.
Essentials of Forcible
Entry: Experience

Is acquired in two means. One is the
through drills and practice at training
session and the other is at the scene of
actual fire and emergencies. Both are the
means by which the skills is developed
and knowledge is gained as well as
reinforced. The important experience is
gained from field operations where
firefighter's skills and knowledge are put to
the true test .
Forcible Entry Tools

Firefighters must have an
understanding and knowledge of the
tools available to conduct forcible
entry. The selection and the use of
the right tools are essentials if the
task for forcible entry is to be
completed as quickly as possible.
A. STRIKING TOOLS

The group or family of
striking tools is used to
deliver impact to other
tools, such as halligan tool,
in order to drive it into
place. Striking tools can
also be used to deliver
impact directly to and break
the door or lock to be force.
B. PRYING TOOLS

The group or
family of prying
tools is used to
spread apart a
door from each
jamb, move object
,or expose or
locking device
C. CUTTING TOOLS

The group or family of

cutting tools is used to
cut away materials and
expose the locking
device or cut through a
door or wall to
accomplish forcible
entry
D. PULLING TOOLS

The group or family of pulling

tools. These tools are grouped
by the type of head and handle
length and are used to open up
wall and ceilings to vent window,
and to pull up roof board or
other building materials.
E. THROUGH-THE-LOCK

The “K” is
designed to pull
out lock cylinder
and expose the
mechanism in
order to open the
lock with the
various key tools.
Safety with Forcible Entry
Tools

Fire fighters should become
familiar with the tools, their
operation, and their
maintenance during
training, which should result
in safe operation.
General Rules in Forcible
Entry
1. Follow the manufacturing guidelines
for proper operations.
2.Always wear PPE.
3.Do not attempt to cut material other
than that for which a blade or tool was
designed for.
4.Operate with regard to the safety of
others in the immediate work area.
General Rules in Forcible
Entry
5. make sure tools are in proper operating
condition before use.
6. Most forcible entry operation requires team
work. Never attempt to use tools alone that
requires two firefighters.
7. When the task is complete and if the tools is
no longer needed, secure it to prevent tripping
or other hazards.
8. Tools should be stored and easily accessible.
Methods of Forcible Entry

For firefighters operation there

are three standard method of
forcible entry:
1. Conventional
2. Through –the-lock
3. Power Tools
A. Conventional Forcible
Entry

The primary tools used in

this method are the “iron”
consisting of the halligan
tools and the flat head
axe.
Series of Procedure

a] Force the door away from the jamb,

pulling the bolt away and free from the
stricken plate.
b] Break the lock or striker.
c] Break the door or the frame.
d] Force or remove the hinge.
e] breach the wall or door.
B. Through-the-Lock Forcible
Entry
Through the lock entry by unscrewing or
wrenching the locking cylinder;
a. Size up the lock to determine
the type of lock and feasibility or
utilizing this method. Lock
cylinder with protective collar
may not be able to be
unscrewed.
B. Through-the-Lock Forcible
Entry
b. Using the locking-type pliers, lock the
pliers onto the cylinder.
c. Turn the lock cylinder counterclockwise to
unscrew the cylinder.
d. remove the cylinder and insert the proper
end of the key tool to operate the locking
mechanism.
C. Power Tools

Technique for breaching using power saw:

Before any cutting operation are
stared, the location of heavy structure
member, such as columns should be
determined. Carpeting and ceramic
tilling should be removed before
using the power saw.
DOORS
Definition of Terms:

Jamb- a side post or side of a

doorway or window

Rabbet- a recess or groove in or
near the edge of one piece of wood
or other material that will receive
the edge of another piece

Stile- A vertical side piece in a
doorway or window sash
Basic Types of Doors

Swinging doors

Single

Double

Revolving doors

Panic-proof

Drop arm

Metal-braced
Forcing Entry into an Inward-
Opening Door
Forcing Entry into an Inward-
Opening Door
Forcing Entry into an
Outward-Opening Door
Forcing Entry into other

Sliding doors

Overhead doors

Sectional/folding

Rolling steel

Slab
Forcing Entry using K-Tool
Forcing Entry by Unscrewing
Lock
WINDOWS
Forcible Entry through
concrete floors/walls

Concrete Floors

Cut with jackhammer

Saws with masonry blades

Penetrating nozzles

Usually not done due to obvious
labor and time involved
Forcible Entry through
Forcible Entry Procedures
concrete floors/walls

Walls (vertical barriers)

Masonry/Veneered

Use power tools

Use battering ram to clear material

Metal

Select location for hole

Position saw next to studs

Make opening as neat as possible
Forcible Entry through
concrete floors/walls

Wood Frame

Remove siding

Sound wall for studs

Cut along stud

Remove siding

Be cautious for electrical wiring
and pipes
 Forcible Entry through
concrete floors/walls

Partition Walls

Select location of opening

Look for blistered paint or bubbling
wallpaper

Check for electrical wall plugs and
switches

Select appropriate tool(s)

Locate the studs by sounding

Cut along studs with a tool
 Forcible Entry Procedures

Fences/Roll Down
Shutters/Gates

Use torch or saws

Padlocks

Use torch, saw, or
bolt cutters
Tool Maintenance
Proper tool maintenance is the first
step to tool safety, and tools must
be inspected and cleaned on a
regular basis. Check your wear and
damage parts; tools should be
remove from service or repaired
when defect are found.
2.Introduction
Fire Suppression:
Offensive Attack

This phase a team of fire
fighters is assigned to enter a
structure and attempt fire
suppression through Offensive
Interior Direct Attack;
2. Fire Suppression: Defensive
Introduction
Attack -Protecting Exposures

Refers to the actions that are

taken to prevent the spread of
fire; however it is a much more
important consideration when
the fire is large;
3.Introduction
Search and Rescue

As the name suggests, this phase involves

a search for any victims trapped by the fire
and their rescue from the building;

There should be an RIC or Rapid
Intervention Company/Crew to provide
immediate assistance to trapped or injured
fire fighters;
FIRE GROUND SEARCH AND
RESCUE
Introduction to Rescue

Is the transfer of

person or victim from
an unsafe scene to a
place of safety;
Fire Ground SAR

Firefighters are the one

in-charge in this kind of
rescue. Firefighting, fire
ground search and
rescue, short distance
transfer of injured
persons, and rescues
from upper or lower floor
are the tasks involved.
I. Fire Ground Search and
Rescue : Key Concepts
1. Fire Ground SAR Size Up –
the IC conducts the thorough
size-up upon arrival at the fire
incident; size up should include
whether it is search, rescue or
retrieval operation.
I. Fire Ground Search and
Rescue : Key Concepts

IC should consider:

Staffing Needs

Environmental Hazards

Integrity and Stability of the Scene and
Patients

Urgency Level

“Salvageable” Victims
Note: You may question bystanders
and/or occupants whoever is familiar to
the structure
I. Fire Ground Search and
Rescue : Key Concepts
2. Primary Search Techniques

Goal is to quickly locate and
remove victims;

Proper communication device
is a must , appropriate PPE
and a forcible entry device;
I. Fire Ground Search and
Rescue : Key Concepts

May use a charged hose line for fire
extinguishment and can also serve as
source of air and guide;

Target location of victims and go back
to exit points as quick as possible;

Communicate to IC the current location
and status inside the structure;
I. Fire Ground Search and
Rescue : Key Concepts
3. Searching Multi-story Buildings

Critical during situations when there
is no aerial ladder or floor is out of
range;

May require many search teams
and multiple sector commanders;

Keep the fire contained as much as
possible;
I. Fire Ground Search and
Rescue : Key Concepts

It is important that there are two stair
ways going to the location of fire, one
is entry/staging point and another is
escape route;

Danger in multi-story search and
rescue is very high, fast movement is
critical. Communication with other
search teams and IC is very important.
I. Fire Ground Search and
Rescue : Key Concepts
4. Secondary Search Techniques

Done after primary search and fire
suppression/ventilation is
completed; this team emphasizes a
thorough search, all rooms will be
checked for possible victims and
possible areas that might rekindle
I. Fire Ground Search and
Rescue : Key Concepts
5. Victim Removal Skills

Transport of victims in short distances to
prevent further injuries;

Application of proper body mechanics is
very important;

Body Mechanics is the study of proper
body movement to prevent and correct
posture problems, reduce stress and
enhance physical capabilities.
4.Introduction
Ventilation

This phase involves changing air within a

compartment by natural or mechanical
means
 VENTILATION

BASED ON NFPA 1001 5.3.11 5.3.12

Ventilation: Definition

The planned, methodical, and

systematic removal of pressure,
heat, smoke, gases and in some
cases, even flame from an enclosed
area through predetermined paths;

Carefully planned release of the
products of combustion from a
confined area or structure;
Importance of Ventilation
1. It increases visibility for quicker location of
the seat of fire;
2. It decreases the danger to trapped
occupants by channelling away hot, toxic
gases or excessive heat;
3. It facilitates the entry of cooler air for the
welfare of firefighters and improves life
safety for rescue and other firefighting
operations;
Significance of Ventilation

It affects the following:

Rescue Operation

Fire Attack & Extinguishment

Property Conservation

Fire Spread Control

Reduction of Flashover Potential

Reduction of Backdraft Potential
Immediate Factors to
Consider in Ventilation:
1. Is there a need for ventilation at
this time?
2. Where is ventilation needed?
3. What type of ventilation should
be used?
4. Do fire and structural conditions
allow for safe roof operations?
Smoke Hazards to Fire
Fighters:
1. Obscurity caused by dense
smoke;
2. Presence of poisonous gases;
3. Lack of oxygen;
4. Presence of flammable gases;
5. Backdraft;
6. Flashover
Factors to consider
WHERE to ventilate:
1. Availability of natural openings such
as skylights, ventilator shafts, monitors
and scuttle hatches;
2. Type of building construction;
3. Wind direction;
4. Extent of Progress of the Fire and the
condition of the building and its
contents
Factors to consider
DURING Ventilation:
1. Bubbles or melting of the roof tar;
2. Indications of lessening structural integrity of
the roof;
3. Effect that ventilation will have on the fire;
4. Effect that the ventilation will have on
exposures;
5. Attack crew’s state of readiness;
6. Ability to protect exposures prior to actually
opening the building
 The best way for fire
brigades to determine the
material from which roofs
are constructed is through
PRE-INCIDENT planning
 Types of Ventilation

1. Vertical Ventilation
Opening the roof or existing
roof openings (e.g scuttle
hatches, louvers, chimney,
skylights, or monitors, vent
pipes and stairwell
openings) for the purpose of
allowing heated gases and
smoke to escape to the
atmosphere.
 WARNING:
Never operate any type of
fire stream through a
ventilation hole during
offensive operations. This
stops the ventilation
process and places interior
crews in serious danger.
Vertical
Ventilation
in Ever
Gotesco
Types of Ventilation

2. Trench or Strip Ventilation

This hole is usually cut well
ahead of the advancing fire
for the purpose of setting up
a defensive line where the
fire’s progress will be halted.
Types of Ventilation
3. Horizontal Ventilation
It is the venting of heat,
smoke, and gases
through wall openings
such as windows and
doors; commonly used in
residential fires
Factors to Consider in Horizontal Ventilation:
1. Weather Conditions
2. Exposures
3. Precautions against upsetting horizontal ventilation
Breaking the Glass

Always use a hand tool (Halligan

tool, axe or pike pole)

Keep hands ABOVE or to the SIDE
of the falling glass;

A tool should be used to clear the
entire opening of all remaining
pieces of glass
Types of Ventilation

4. Forced Ventilation
Is accomplished
mechanically (with
fans) or hydraulically
(with fog streams).
The principle applied
is that of moving large
quantities of air and
smoke.
Advantage of Forced
Ventilation

1. Ensures more positive control of fire;

2. Supplements natural ventilation;
3. Speeds the removal of contaminants,
facilitating a more rapid rescue under
safer conditions;
4. Reduces smoke damage;
Disadvantages of Forced
Disadvantages of Forced Ventilation
Ventilation

Introduces air in such great
volumes that it can cause the
fire to intensify and spread;

Depends upon a power
source;

Requires special equipment.
Types of Forced Ventilation

Negative Pressure Ventilation –

using fans to develop artificial
circulation and pull smoke out of
the structure;

Positive Pressure Ventilation –
using high volume fans, a higher
pressure is created inside a
building than that of the outside
environment
Positive Pressure
Ventilation
Benefits of Proper
Ventilation
Improper Ventilation leads
to:

As fire grows in compartment, large volumes
of hot gases can collect in unventilated
spaces. These gases may be at or above
their ignition temperature but have
insufficient oxygen available to actually
ignite. Any action during fire fighting
operations that allows air to mix with these
hot gases can result in an explosive ignition
call backdraft.
Signs of Impending
Backdraft:

Smoke-stained windows

Smoke puffing at intervals from the building

Pressurized smoke coming from small
cracks

Little visible flame from the exterior of the
building

Black smoke becoming dense gray yellow

Confinement and excessive heat
Thermal Layering of Gases
Is the tendency if gases to form
into layers according to
temperature. Other terms
sometimes used to describe this
tendency are heat stratification and
thermal balance. The hottest tend to
be on the top layer, while the cooler
gases form the lower layers.
 Under normal fire conditions in a closed structure,
the highest levels of heat will be found at ceiling level and
the lowest level of heat will be found at the floor level.
 Applying water to the upper level of the thermal layer
creates a thermal imbalance.
Improper ventilation during fire fighting operations may result in a backdraft.
Thermopane Windows
4.Introduction
Salvage and Overhaul

This phase is to ensure that all hidden fires

are extinguished after the main fire has
been suppressed;
SALVAGE AND OVERHAUL

BASED ON NFPA 1001 5.3.4 5.5.1

Principles of Salvaging

Salvage operations are conducted

to save property by avoiding
property losses; it is the removal or
protection of property that could be
damaged during fire fighting or
overhaul operations;

It is often aimed at reducing smoke
and water damage to the structure
and the contents once the fire is
Essentials of Salvage
Operation

Lighting Equipment

Portable Lights – can be usually taken up to a
building to illuminate the interior. They can also
be set up outside to illuminate the fire or
emergency scene; uses several types of bulbs
such as quartz bulb, halogen bulb, and light
emitting diodes (LED);

Battery Powered Lights – are generally used by

individual fire fighters to find their way in the dark
areas or to illuminate their immediate work areas
Essentials of Salvage
Operation

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -
PPE required will depend on the site of the
salvage operations , the stage of the fire,
and any hazards present;

During fire fighting operations and
immediately afterwards, fire fighters
should wear a full set of PPE including an
SCBA. After the fire is out or as
determined by the Safety Officer, fire
fighters may work without an SCBA.
Considerations during
Salvage Operations

Safety is the primary concern during
salvage operations;

Salvage operations often begin while the fire
is still burning and continue for several
hours after it has been extinguished;

Structural collapse is always a possibility
during salvage operations because of the
fire damage;

Floor collapse is also a possibility because

Gas and Electrical services should always
be shut off first.
Salvage Tools

Salvage Covers, treated canvas or plastic

Box cutter for cutting plastic

Floor runners

Wet/dry vacuums

Squeegees

Submersible pumps and hose

Sprinkler shut-off kit

Ventilation fans, power blowers

Small tool kit

Pike poles to construct water chutes
Preventing Water Damage

The best way to prevent water damage

at a fire scene is to limit the amount of
water used to fight the fire. In other
words, USE ONLY ENOUGH WATER
TO KNOCK DOWN THE FIRE
QUICKLY,
Preventing Water Damage

Remember:

Do not use more water more water
than needed;

Do not spray water blindly into smoke
or continue to douse a fire that is
already out;

Turn off hose nozzles when they are
not in use;
Deactivating Sprinklers

Buildings equipped with sprinkler systems require special
steps to limit water damage; sprinklers should be shut
down as soon as the IC declares that the fire is under
control;

SPRINKLER WEDGE – is simply a triangular piece of
wood . Inserting two wedges on opposite sides,
between the orifice and the deflector of the sprinkler ,
and pushing them together.

SPRINKLER STOP – is a more sophisticated
mechanical device with a rubber stopper that can be
inserted into a sprinkler head.
Salvage Procedure
We can begin salvage operations at the same time
as fire attack:
 Cover contents with a tarpaulin
 Find a throw rug and cover items
 Move items off a wet carpet
 Remove obstacles that impede flow of water
out of the structure.
 Clean drains, use existing sanitary piping
systems, create chutes
 NOTE:

Not all sprinkler heads can be shut
off with a wedge or a sprinkler stop.
Recessed sprinklers, which are
often installed in buildings with
finished ceilings , are usually
difficult to shut off.

IF INDIVIDUAL HEADS CANNOT BE

SHUT OFF , STOP THE WATER
FLOW BY CLOSING THE
SPRINKLER CONTROL VALVE.
Removing Water

Water that accumulates within a building or

drips down from higher levels, must be
channelled or drained;
Draining Water

Water Vacuum – special vacuum cleaners
that suck up water can also be used during
salvage operations.

Drainage Pumps – pumps remove water
that has accumulated in basements or
below ground level. Portable electric
submersible pumps can be lowered
directly into the water to pump it out of a
building.
CONSTRUCTING A WATER CATCH-ALL
Salvage Techniques

Salvage Covers
Salvage Techniques
Overhauling Approach

 Wear appropriate PPE

 Utilize systematic approach
 Use water sparingly
 If fire extended to other areas, determine
what medium it traveled
 If doors or windows have been burned,
expose frames or casings to assure there is no
remaining fire
 Concealed spaces below floors or ceilings
and within walls must be opened.
Overhaul Techniques

The objective of overhaul is to find and

extinguish any fires that could still be burning
after the fire is brought under control;

During overhaul operations , a charged hose

line should be available to douse any sudden
flare-ups or exposed pockets of fire. If
necessary, use direct stream from the hose
line BUT AVOID UNNECESSARY WATER
DAMAGE.
Overhaul Techniques

Extinguish small pockets of fire or

smouldering materials WITH THE LEAST
POSSIBLE AMOUNT OF WATER by using a
short burst from the hose line or simply
drizzling water from the nozzle directly to the
fire;

Remove materials prone to smouldering ,
such as mattresses and cushioned furniture,
from the building and decrease the possibility
of rekindling.
During Overhauling:
Watch out for:

 Weakened floors
 Spalled concrete (from heat)
 Weak steel roof members
 Walls that have been offset
 Weakened roof trusses
 Sharp objects
 Dangling wires/debris
 Others moving debris
Overhauling Tools

Are designed for cutting, prying,

and pulling, thereby ensuring
fire fighters can access spaces
that might contain hidden fires.
Many of the tools used for
overhaul are also used for
ventilation and forcible entry.
Overhauling Tools

Pike Poles and Ceiling Hooks

Crowbars and Halligan-type tools

Axes

Power tools such as battery-powered
saws for opening up walls and ceilings;

Pitchforks and shovels

Rubbish hooks and rakes

Thermal Imaging Cameras

Buckets, tubs wheelbarrows and carryalls are
used to remove debris from a building
OTHER FIRE SUPPRESSION
PROCEDURES
Fires Above Ground Level
Fires Below Ground Level
Other Fires:

Fires in Large Buildings;

Fires in Buildings under construction;

Fires in lumberyards;

Rubbish fires or piled materials;

Concealed or Confined fires;

Vehicular fires;

Flammable Liquid fires;

Flammable Gas Cylinders (Propane)
THANK YOU