A Mobile Greenhouse Environment Monitoring System Based On The Internet of Things
A Mobile Greenhouse Environment Monitoring System Based On The Internet of Things
A Mobile Greenhouse Environment Monitoring System Based On The Internet of Things
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1
1.INTRODUCTION
The Design had been aimed data acquisition in greenhouse for multiple sensors to use
data for simulation or processing to achieve the better enhancement of growth in greenhouse,
this data has effect on the climate of greenhouse. The crop agriculture in greenhouse is
higher affected by the surrounding conditions. The significant environmental factors for
the quality and better productivity of the plants growth are temperature, relative
humidity, Lighting, moisture soil, and the CO2 amount in greenhouse. Continuous
monitoring of these factors gives relevant information pertaining to the individual effects
of the various factors towards obtaining maximum crop. Arduino is an open-source
electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software.
OBJECTIVE
• The user can see the atmospheric conditions of the greenhouse plants on website and
control the greenhouse from faraway places.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
INTRODUCTION TO IOT
Industrial saftey is one of the main aspects of industry specially coal mine industry. Coal
mines involves various risk factors which effects the health of miners. Miners removes their
helmet may cause hazardous. Sometimes miners collide with the heavy objects like mining
objects ,hard rock which risks their life. Another factor that effects the miners is the
inhalation of hazardous gases that provokes them in danger .In this situation miners are not
able to communicate with the outside world. In this case the smart helmet system becomes an
essential and helpful measure to protect the miners from various accidents. This project aims
at designing a smart helmet for hazardous event detection, monitoring the surrounding
environmental conditions.
INTERNET OF THINGS
Connecting regular things installed with gadgets, programming, and sensors to web
empowering to gather and trade information without human collaboration called as the
Internet of Things (IoT).The term "Things" in the Internet of Things alludes to everything
without exception in everyday life which is gotten to or associated through the web.
Current monitoring technology for air and water safety primarily uses manual labor along
with advanced instruments, and lab processing. IoT improves on this technology by reducing
the need for human labor, allowing frequent sampling, increasing the range of sampling and
monitoring, allowing sophisticated testing on-site, and binding response efforts to detection
systems. This allows us to prevent substantial contamination and related disasters.
Extreme Weather
Though powerful, advanced systems currently in use allow deep monitoring, they suffer from
using broad instruments, such as radar and satellites, rather than more granular solutions.
Their instruments for smaller details lack the same accurate targeting of stronger technology.
New IoT advances promise more fine-grained data, better accuracy, and flexibility. Effective
forecasting requires high detail and flexibility in range, instrument type, and deployment.
This allows early detection and early responses to prevent loss of life and property.
Commercial Farming
Farming
Much of commercial farming, like weather monitoring, suffers from a lack of precision and
requires human labor in the area of monitoring. Its automation also remains limited.
CHAPTER 2
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
The current greenhouse data acquisition system is implemented in the way that data
acquisition terminal uploads data to the host computer to manage the data or transfer them to
cloud server. The network structure is relatively complex and the power consumption is
large. In order to solve the above problems, a greenhouse environment monitoring and
temperature prediction system was developed by using the Internet of Things, cloud services
and WeChat platform. In this system, the data collection terminal directly connected the
Internet to the cloud server through WiFi/GPRS to interact with the data, and the mobile
terminal accessed the cloud server to obtain the data service through the WeChat public
number. The temperature forecasting model adopted the differential time series model to
solve the influence of seasonal periodicity in the temperature prediction process. The data
analysis showed that the system effectively realized the lightweight and mobility of the data
acquisition terminal. The relative error of temperature monitoring was less than 4.96%, and
the relative error of temperature prediction was less than 3%. The prediction result has high
precision and can meet the needs of daily production.
To investigate this concept, an autonomous dynamic controller that chose set points
for the frequency and duration of misting events was developed and tested. The set points
were chosen by an expert system, MISTING, that was based on the perceived optimal misting
strategy of an experienced grower. System software ran on a general purpose microcomputer
(IBM-PC) that was located .5 km from the greenhouse. The remote microcomputer
communicated via dedicated telephone line with a monitor/controller (CR21X) located in the
greenhouse. Sensor data from the greenhouse were provided as facts to MISTING which
returned set points to the CR21X which accordingly, regulated misting line solenoids.
Real time data acquisition for effective monitoring for intensive farmlands. Open
source software makes it easy to better application development. Android is used to display
results in mobile devices. One of the most important changes in the southeast Spanish lands is
the switch from traditional agriculture to agriculture based on the exploitation of intensive
farmlands. For this type of farming, it is important to use techniques that improve plantation
performance. Web applications, databases and advanced mobile systems facilitate real-time
data acquisition for effective monitoring. Moreover, open-source systems save money and
facilitate a greater degree of integration and better application development based on the
system's robustness and widespread utility for several engineering fields. This paper presents
an application for Android tablets that interacts with an advanced control system based on
Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP, Perl or Python (LAMP) to collect and monitor variables
applied in precision agriculture.
Greenhouse environmental control systems using sensor networks are becoming more
widespread and sophisticated. To match the produce of expert farmers, these systems collect
data about cultivation environment and growth situation, and aim to control the environment
for cultivating high quality crops. However, with no agriculture experience, it is difficult for
system users to set control parameters of several devices properly. In order to reproduce
prediction control performed by expert farmers’ cultivation without human intervention, the
authors propose a smart greenhouse environmental control system based on sliding window-
based support vector regression (SW-SVR). The proposed system performs prediction control
based on accurate predictions in real time. SW-SVR is a new machine learning algorithm for
time series data prediction. The prediction model automatically adjusts to the current
environment periodically, predicts time series data with high accuracy and low computational
complexity. The proposed system using SW-SVR enables system users to optimize controls
for crops. Meanwhile, since plant growth is related to the photosynthesis and transpiration of
leaves, the authors developed wireless scattered light sensors which measure leaf area size
indirectly so as to estimate plant growth. Our experimental results, using data of scattered
light sensors on-site, outside weather data, and forecast data as independent variables of SW-
SVR for hydroponic culture of tomatoes, show the proposed system reduced prediction error
of nitrogen absorption amount by 59.44% as Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and 52.89% as
Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) compared with SVR, and reduced training data by
43.07% on average. Furthermore, the sugar content of tomatoes cultivated by the prototype
system increased 1.54 times compared with usual tomatoes.
In recent years, a wireless sensor network (WSN) technique was widely applied in the
field of agriculture, which detects, senses, and collects information of various environments
or objectives in the network area, and at the same time sends and receives data through
wireless and self-organizing multi-hop routing links. Due to the complexity of the
agricultural environment and various factors like barriers, weather condition, structure,
materials, and the layout of facility agriculture that all affect the WSN communication
quality, wireless sensor networks adapt dissimilarly to agricultural environment. Therefore,
how to achieve the best networking to different agricultural environment conditions,
minimize the cost and energy consumption, and improve the performance of the network
transmission turn out to be the key issue in the studying of agricultural wireless sensor
networks. Aiming at the problems of previous agricultural wireless sensor networks, such as
high cost, high-energy consumption, and non-ideal transmission performance, this paper
designed, with chips of AT86RF212 and C8051F920 a new type of wireless sensor network
which works on a Chinese dedicated band of 780MHz and is compatible with the
IEEE802.15.4c standard for a greenhouse. This paper briefly described the structure of
wireless sensor network node, mainly introduced the hardware design of a 780MHz wireless
sensor network, and also tested and analyzed the received signal strength index (RSSI) and
the average packet loss rate (PLR) of the wireless sensor network node in 433 MHz, 780
MHz, and 2.4 GHz bands by changing the wireless communication distance in a typical
northern solar greenhouses working as the experimental environment. The experimental
results showed that RSSI of wireless transceiver modules in the three different bands
decreased with the increasing of the communication distance. The RSSI values of the three
wireless transceiver modules were similar to each other when the communication distance in
a greenhouse was less than 20m. When the distance reached 40-90m, the module in 780MHz
showed a slightly larger RSSI value than the 433MHz module while the .4GHz module had
the smallest RSSI. Within the 90m communication distance range in a greenhouse, packet
loss rates (PLR) of both 780MHz and 433MHz modules were 0. For the 2.4GHz module,
packet loss took place at a distance of 80m and when it went to 90m, the maximal PLR was
5%. When the communication distance was 50-90m between greenhouses, the RSSI of the
780MHz and 433MHz modules were close. The RSSI value of the 780MHz module was
higher than that of the 433MHz module when the wireless communication distance exceeded
90m. For the 2.4GHz wireless module, the RSSI value was lower than both the 780MHzand
433MHz modules' when communication distance between greenhouses was 50-140m. Packet
loss occurred to the 433MHz module when the distance was over 100m, and when it went to
140 m, the maximal PLR was 11%. Packet loss took place to the 2.4GHz module if the
communication distance between greenhouses exceeded 70m, and when it was over 135m,
the PLR reached 100%. For the 780MHz band wireless module, packet loss took place when
the communication distance between greenhouses was over 125m, and when the distance was
140m, the maximal PLR was smaller than 6%, which allows the reliable wireless
transmission between greenhouses to proceed. Above all, the transmission characteristics of
the wireless sensor networks in the 433MHz and 780MHz bands were obviously better than
the WSN of a 2.4GHz band in the application of greenhouse environmental monitoring. The
780MHz band WSN was even superior as to transmission and communication quality
performance
communication were of high stability in practical application, and it can effectively avoid
second software development which resulted from the changing of sensors or data acquisition
unit nodes. The system achieved the function of monitoring management and data
synchronization for greenhouse IOT system, and it provides a common platform for
greenhouse intelligent monitoring and control.
CHAPTER
3.PROPOSED SYSTEM
NODE 1
WIFI MODULE
NODE 2
BLUETOOTH MODULE
Node 1
Node 2
And the other arduino board is connected with WiFi module which is connected with
the hotspot and all the sensors which are used to measure the environment is connected to
that board and measure the environment with the help of sensors like DHT sensor is used to
measure the humidity and temperature. Gas sensor is used to measure the different types of
gases in environment. LDR sensor is used to measure the light intensity of the environment of
the place where the car is located and ESP 32 CAM is used to live stream the location of the
environment where the vehicle is present.
The main function of the perceptual layer is to obtain the temperature, humidity,
illumination, carbon dioxide by realizing control of the lower computer, the control It also
controls the data acquisition mode and format, and converts and encapsulates some data at
the perceptual layer. The transmission layer completes the reliable transmission of data
between
CHAPTER 5
SOFTWARE USED
EMBEDDED C
ADVANTAGES
It is small and simpler to learn, understand, program and debug. Compared to assembly
language, C code written is more reliable and scalable, more portable between different
platforms’ compilers are available for almost all embedded devices in use today, and there is
a large pool of experienced C programmers. Unlike assembly, C has advantage of processor-
independence and is not specific to any particular microprocessor/microcontroller or any
system. This makes it convenient for a user to develop programs that can run on most of the
systems. As C combines functionality of assembly language and features of high level
languages,C is treated as a ‘middle-level computer language or high level assembly language.
It is fairly efficient. It supports access to I/O and provides ease of management of large
embedded projects. Java is also used in many embedded systems but Java programs require
the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which consumes a lot of resources. Hence it is not used for
smaller embedded devices. In Embedded applications there is a need to read/write data on a
given address, and in C it is easy to access and modify addresses, because of the pointers
which are a language feature.
ASSEMBLY VS C:
With C the programmer need not know the architecture of the processor.
Code developed in C will be more portable to other systems rather than in assembly.
The embedded C program needs a cross compiler to compile & generate HEX code.
The C program is used for developing an application and not suitable for embedded
systems.
The embedded C is an extension of the conventional C. i.e Embedded C has all the
features of normal C, but has some extra added features which are not available in C.
C is not memory specific. i.e. Variables cannot be put in the desired memory location
but the location of variable can be found out.
Compatibility
Optimization consideration
Development environment
Reentrancy
IDE
After installing Arduino IDE Software, verify your code whether compiling successfully.
CODE
Code 1
String readString;
#include<AFMotor.h>
AF_DCMotor aft_motor(1);
AF_DCMotor second_motor(2);
AF_DCMotor m1(3);
AF_DCMotor m2(4);
void setup() {
aft_motor.setSpeed(255);
second_motor.setSpeed(255);
m1.setSpeed(255);
m2.setSpeed(255);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
while(Serial.available()>0){
char ch=Serial.read();
delay(50);
readString+=ch;
}
if(readString.length()>0){
//Serial.println(readString);
if(readString=="FORWARD"){
aft_motor.run(FORWARD);
second_motor.run(FORWARD);
m1.run(FORWARD);
m2.run(FORWARD);
}
if(readString=="BACKWARD"){
aft_motor.run(BACKWARD);
second_motor.run(BACKWARD);
m1.run(BACKWARD);
m2.run(BACKWARD);
}
if(readString=="RIGHT"){
second_motor.run(FORWARD);
m1.run(FORWARD);
aft_motor.run(BACKWARD);
m2.run(BACKWARD);
}
if(readString=="LEFT"){
m2.run(FORWARD);
aft_motor.run(FORWARD);
m1.run(BACKWARD);
second_motor.run(BACKWARD);
}
if(readString=="STOP"){
aft_motor.run(RELEASE);
second_motor.run(RELEASE);
m1.run(RELEASE);
m2.run(RELEASE);
}
}
readString="";
}
Code 2:
#include <ESP8266_Lib.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleShieldEsp8266.h>
#include <DHT.h>
#include<LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x3f,16,2);
#include <Wire.h>
#include "Adafruit_VEML6075.h"
Adafruit_VEML6075 uv = Adafruit_VEML6075();
//#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
ESP8266 wifi(&EspSerial);
BlynkTimer timer;
// This function sends Arduino's up time every second to Virtual Pin (5).
// In the app, Widget's reading frequency should be set to PUSH. This means
void sendSensor()
float h = dht.readHumidity();
if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {
return;
Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, h);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V6, t);
int x= analogRead(A0);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V1,x);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("temp=");
lcd.print(t);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("humidity=");
lcd.print(h);
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("soil moisture=");
lcd.print(x);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
float y = uv.readUVI();
lcd.print("uv=");
lcd.print(y);
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
void setup()
// Debug console
Serial.begin(9600);
EspSerial.begin(ESP8266_BAUD);
delay(10);
dht.begin();
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
timer.setInterval(1000L, sendSensor);
void loop()
Blynk.run();
timer.run();
5.2 BLYNK
This guide will help you understand how to get started using Blynk and give a comprehensive
overview of all the features.
If you want to jump straight into playing with Blynk, check out Getting Started.
GETTING STARTED
Blynk was designed for the Internet of Things. It can control hardware remotely, it can
display sensor data, it can store data, vizualize it and do many other cool things.
Blynk App - allows to you create amazing interfaces for your projects using various widgets
system provide.
Blynk Server - responsible for all the communications between the smartphone and hardware.
You can use our Blynk Cloud or run your private Blynk server locally. It’s open-source,
could easily handle thousands of devices and can even be launched on a Arduino.
Server and process all the incoming and out coming commands.
Now imagine: every time you press a Button in the Blynk app, the message travels to space
the Blynk Cloud, where it magically finds its way to your hardware. It works the same in the
opposite direction and everything happens in a blynk of an eye.
Blynk Libraries - for all the popular hardware platforms - enable communication
FEATURES OF BLYNK:
WiFi
Ethernet
USB (Serial)
GSM
You can find example sketchescovering basic Blynk Features. They are included in the
library. All the sketches are designed to be easily combined with each other.
After you download the Blynk App, you’ll need to create a New Blynk account. This account
is separate from the accounts used for the Blynk Forums, in case you already have one.
An account is needed to save your projects and have access to them from multiple devices
from anywhere. It’s also a security measure.
You can always set up your own Private Blynk Server and have full control.
CHAPTER 6
HARDWARE TOOLS
ARDUINO UNO:
Every Arduino board needs a way to be connected to a power source. The Arduino UNO can
be powered from a USB cable coming from your computer or a wall power supply (like this)
that is terminated in a barrel jack. In the picture above the USB connection is labeled (1) and
the barrel jack is labeled (2).
The USB connection is also how you will load code onto your Arduino board. More on how
to program with Arduino can be found in our Installing and Programming Arduino tutorial.
NOTE: Do NOT use a power supply greater than 20 Volts as you will overpower (and
thereby destroy) yourArduino. The recommended voltage for most Arduino models is
between 6 and 12 Volts.
The pins on your Arduino are the places where you connect wires to construct a circuit
(probably in conjuction with a breadboard and some wire. They usually have black plastic
‘headers’ that allow you to just plug a wire right into the board. The Arduino has several
different kinds of pins, each of which is labeled on the board and used for different functions.
GND (3): Short for ‘Ground’. There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of
which can be used to ground your circuit.
5V (4) & 3.3V (5): As you might guess, the 5V pin supplies 5 volts of power, and the
3.3V pin supplies 3.3 volts of power. Most of the simple components used with the
Arduino run happily off of 5 or 3.3 volts.
Analog (6): The area of pins under the ‘Analog In’ label (A0 through A5 on the
UNO) areAnalog In pins. These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor (like
a temperature sensor) and convert it into a digital value that we can read.
Digital (7): Across from the analog pins are the digital pins (0 through 13 on the
UNO). These pins can be used for both digital input (like telling if a button is pushed)
and digital output (like powering an LED).
PWM (8): You may have noticed the tilde (~) next to some of the digital pins (3, 5, 6,
9, 10, and 11 on the UNO). These pins act as normal digital pins, but can also be used
for something called Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM). We have a tutorial on PWM,
but for now, think of these pins as being able to simulate analog output (like fading an
LED in and out).
AREF (9): Stands for Analog Reference. Most of the time you can leave this pin
alone. It is sometimes used to set an external reference voltage (between 0 and 5
Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins.
RESET BUTTON
Just like the original Nintendo, the Arduino has a reset button (10). Pushing it will
temporarily connect the reset pin to ground and restart any code that is loaded on the
Arduino. This can be very useful if your code doesn’t repeat, but you want to test it multiple
times. Unlike the original Nintendo however, blowing on the Arduino doesn’t usually fix any
problems.
Just beneath and to the right of the word “UNO” on your circuit board, there’s a tiny LED
next to the word ‘ON’ (11). This LED should light up whenever you plug your Arduino into a
power source. If this light doesn’t turn on, there’s a good chance something is wrong. Time to
re-check your circuit!
TX RX LEDs
TX is short for transmit, RX is short for receive. These markings appear quite a bit in
electronics to indicate the pins responsible for serial communication. In our case, there are
two places on the Arduino UNO where TX and RX appear – once by digital pins 0 and 1, and
a second time next to the TX and RX indicator LEDs . These LEDs will give us some nice
visual indications whenever our Arduino is receiving or transmitting data (like when we’re
loading a new program onto the board).
WI-FI MODULE:
ESP-01 WiFi module is developed by Ai-thinker Team. core processor ESP8266 in smaller
sizes of the module encapsulates Ten silica L106 integrates industry-leading ultra low power
32-bit MCU micro, with the 16-bit short mode, Clock speed support 80 MHz, 160 MHz,
supports the RTOS, integrated Wi-Fi MAC/BB/RF/PA/LLNA, on-board antenna. The
module supports standard IEEE802.11 b/g/n agreement, complete TCP/IP protocol stack.
Users can use the add modules to an existing device networking, or building a separate
network controller.ESP8266 is high integration wireless SOCs, designed for space and power
constrained mobile platform designers. It provides unsurpassed ability to embed Wi-Fi
capabilities within other systems, or to function as a standalone application, with the lowest
cost, and minimal space requirement.
ESP8266EX offers a complete and self-contained Wi-Fi networking solution; it can be used
to host the application or to offload Wi-Fi networking functions from another application
processor When ESP8266EX hosts the application, it boots up directly from an external flash.
In has integrated cache to improve the performance of the system in such applications.
Alternately, serving as a Wi-Fi adapter, wireless internet access can be added to any micro
controllerbased design with simple connectivity (SPI/SDIO or I2C/UART interface).
ESP8266EX also integrates an enhanced version of Tensilica’s L106 Diamond series 32-bit
processor, with on-chip SRAM, besides the Wi-Fi functionalities. ESP8266EX is often
integrated with external sensors annd other application specific devices through its GPIOs;
codes for such applications are provided in examples in the SDK.
Features
• 802.11 b/g/n
• Support Smart Link Function for both Android and iOS devices
• Support Smart Link Function for both Android and iOS devices
• SDIO 2.0, (H) SPI, UART, I2C, I2S, IRDA, PWM, GPIO
• Deep sleep power <10uA, Power down leakage current < 5Ua
LDR SENSOR:
The Digital LDR Module is used to detect the presence of light / measuring the intensity of
light. The output of the module goes high in the presence of light and it becomes low in the
absence of light. The sensitivity of the signal detection can be adjusted using the
potentiometer.You can adjust the threshold (sensitivity) of digital output by tuning the
onboard variable resistor (potentiometer). Simple usage as it is the digital output, so you will
know is the light present and decide what to do with it.Comes with an M3 mounting hole for
ease of attaching it to an object. On board, it provides an LDR, high sensitivity and
commonly being used for light detection. The module comes with power LED and status
LED as an indicator. LDR Module Photosensitive resistor module most sensitive to
environmental light intensity is generally used to detect the ambient brightness and light
intensity.
How it works
1. Module light conditions or light intensity reach the set threshold, DO port output high
when the external ambient light intensity exceeds a set threshold, the module D0 output low;
2. Digital output D0 directly connected to the MCU, and detect high or low TTL, thereby
detecting ambient light intensity changes;
3. Digital output module DO can directly drive the relay module, which can be composed of
a photoelectric switch;
4. Analog output module AO and AD modules can be connected through the AD converter,
you can get a more accurate light intensity value
Pin details
VCC ↔ 3.3V to 5V DC
GND ↔ Ground
DO ↔ Digital Output
AO ↔ Analog Output
Features:
MQ135 SENSOR:
The MQ 135 Air Quality Detector Sensor Module For Arduino has lower conductivity in
clean air. When the target combustible gas exists, the conductivity of the sensor is higher
along with the gas concentration rising.
Convert change of conductivity to the corresponding output signal of gas concentration. The
MQ135 gas sensor has high sensitivity to Ammonia, Sulphide and Benzene steam, also
sensitive to smoke and other harmful gases.
It is with low cost and suitable for different applications such as harmful gases/smoke
detection.
Features :
4. Analog 0 ~ 5 v voltage output, the higher the concentration, the higher the voltage
8. Adjustable sensitivity
Output voltage boosts along with the concentration of the measured gases increases.
DHT SENSOR
The change in resistance between the two electrodes is proportional to the relative humidity.
It is a low-cost digital sensor for sensing temperature and humidity. This sensor can be easily
interfaced with any micro-controller such as Arduino, Arduino etc… to measure humidity
and temperature instantaneously. DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor is available as
a sensor and as a module. Search one of the libraries for the DHT11 and install its latest
version. You can then import this library by navigating to Sketch-> Include Library. After
importing a library, its functions can be used to read sensor data from the DHT11.
DHT11 Specifications:
ESP 32 CAM:
The ESP32-CAM is a small size, low power consumption camera module based on
ESP32. It comes with an OV2640 camera and provides onboard TF card slot. The ESP32-
CAM can be widely used in intelligent IoT applications such as wireless video monitoring,
WiFi image upload, QR identification, and so on.
Fig:
It is a low cost development board with WiFi camera. It allows creating IP camera projects
for video streaming with different resolutions. ESP32-CAM has build in PCB antenna. ... FL
connector ESP module - an external antenna can be connected. It can be widely used in
various IoT applications. It is suitable for home smart devices, industrial wireless control,
wireless monitoring, QR wireless identification, wireless positioning system signals and other
IoT applications. It is an ideal solution for IoT applications.
Features
- Low power 32-bit CPU, can also serve the application processor
- Supports UART/SPI/I2C/PWM/ADC/DAC
- Support TF card
- Support for serial port local and remote firmware upgrades (FOTA)
DC MOTORS
FIG:
These motors are simple DC Motors featuring gears for the shaft for obtaining the
optimal performance characteristics. They are known as Center Shaft DC Geared Motors
because their shaft extends through the center of their gear box assembly.
These standard size DC Motors are very easy to use. Also, you don’t have to spend a lot of
money to control motors with an Arduino or compatible board. TheL298N H-bridge module
with onboard voltage regulator motor driver can be used with this motor that has a voltage of
between 5 and 35V DC.
This DC Motor – 60RPM – 12Volts can be used in all-terrain robots and a variety of robotic
applications. These motors have a 3 mm threaded drill hole in the middle of the shaft thus
making it simple to connect it to the wheels or any other mechanical assembly. Nut and
threads on the shaft to easily connect and internally threaded shaft for easily connecting it to
the wheels.
These DC Geared motors with robust metal/Plastic gearbox for heavy-duty applications,
available in the wide RPM range(Check the list below) and ideally suited for robotics and
industrial applications.
BLUETOOTH MODULE
FIG:
Usually, it is used to connect small devices like mobile phones using a short-range wireless
connection to exchange files. It uses the 2.45GHz frequency band. The transfer rate of the
data can vary up to 1Mbps and is in range of 10 meters. The HC-05 module can be operated
within 4-6V of power supply.
JUMPER WIRES
Jumper wires are used to connect the sensors and boards which are used to connect
the one sensor to another to transfer electricity to the sensors and board. A jump wire (also
known as jumper, jumper wire, jumper cable, DuPont wire or cable) is an electrical wire, or
group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end (or sometimes without them –
simply "tinned"), which is normally used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or
other prototype or test Jumper wires typically come in three versions: male-to-male, male-to-
female and female-to-female. The difference between each is in the end point of the wire.
Male ends have a pin protruding and can plug into things, while female ends do not and are
used to plug things into.
BATTERY
If the battery cannot reach higher than 10.5 volts when being charged, then the battery
has a dead cell. If the battery is fully charged (according to the battery charger) but the
voltage is 12.5 or less, the battery is sulfated. If your battery cannot even reach a full charge,
consider it bad. There is no exact answer to the question. In the standard state, a fully charged
battery should show a 12.6-12.7V. ... In this case, the voltage is difficult to estimate, but it
also slightly falls down, and if it is less than 11.5V, then it indicates that the battery is
discharged by 50%.
in this project we are using 12 volts dc battery to connect to the board and the motors
which are using in the kit. We are using 4 dc motors to the battery
MICROCONTROLLER
Atmega328 is an Atmel microcontroller, which is used in Arduino UNO board. Here's its
image: Here are few of its features: Atmega328 has 28 pins in total. It has 3 Ports in total
which are named as Port B, Port C and Port D
Actually Arduino UNO is a Single Micro-controller board. And the name of this Micro
Controller is ATmega328p which is a product of ATmel. 32 - represents it's flash memory
capacity that is 32KB. 8 - represents it's cpu type that is of 8 bit. p - simply denotes that it
needs less power to work than it earlier version.
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14
digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.
Fig 3: Microcontroller
FEATURES
Good performance,
Low power consumption,
Real timer counter having separate oscillator,
6 PWM pins,
Programmable Serial USART,
Programming lock for software security,
Throughput up to 20 MIPS etc.
The Atmega328 is one of the microcontroller chips that are used with the popular Arduino
Duemilanove boards.
Look up the numbers in the datasheet. This means that the 328P is manufactured in a finer
process than the 328Actually Arduino UNO is a Single Micro-controller board. And the name
of this Micro Controller is ATmega328p which is a product of ATmel. 32 - represents it's
flash memory capacity that is 32KB. 8 - represents it's cpu type that is of 8 bit. p - simply
denotes that it needs less power to work than it earlier version.
ISP MEMORY
In-system programming (ISP), also called in-circuit serial programming (ICSP), is the ability
of some programmable logic devices, microcontrollers, and other embedded devices to be
[Type text] Page 47
The mobile greenhouse environment monitoring system based on the internet of things
programmed while installed in a complete system, rather than requiring the chip to be
programmed prior to installing it into the system.
SRAM
SRAM (static RAM) is random access memory (RAM) that retains data bits in its memory as
long as power is being supplied. Unlike dynamic RAM (DRAM), which stores bits in cells
consisting of a capacitor and a transistor, SRAM does not have to be periodically refreshed.
EEPROM
POWER SUPPLY
The input to the circuit is applied from the regulated power supply. The a.c. input i.e.,
230V from the mains supply is step down by the transformer to 12V and is fed to a rectifier.
The output obtained from the rectifier is a pulsating d.c voltage. So in order to get a pure d.c
voltage, the output voltage from the rectifier is fed to a filter to remove any a.c components
present even after rectification. Now, this voltage is given to a voltage regulator to obtain a
pure constant dc voltage.
Transformer:
Usually, DC voltages are required to operate various electronic equipment and these
voltages are 5V, 9V or 12V. But these voltages cannot be obtained directly. Thus the a.c
input available at the mains supply i.e., 230V is to be brought down to the required voltage
level. This is done by a transformer. Thus, a step down transformer is employed to decrease
the voltage to a required level.
Rectifier:
The output from the transformer is fed to the rectifier. It converts A.C. into pulsating
D.C. The rectifier may be a half wave or a full wave rectifier. In this project, a bridge rectifier
is used because of its merits like good stability and full wave rectification.
Filter:
Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples from the output of
rectifier and smoothens the D.C. Output received from this filter is constant until the mains
voltage and load is maintained constant. However, if either of the two is varied, D.C. voltage
received at this point changes. Therefore a regulator is applied at the output stage.
Voltage regulator:
As the name itself implies, it regulates the input applied to it. A voltage regulator is an
electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. In this
project, power supply of 5V and 12V are required. In order to obtain these voltage levels,
7805 and 7812 voltage regulators are to be used. The first number 78 represents positive
supply and the numbers 05, 12 represent the required output voltage levels.
The raw data measured form each sensor then sent to Waspmote PRO through digital
pin number 3. Inside the Waspmote PRO, a program code was first installed. This program
was intended to save the data into a microSD card. Furthermore, another program code was
uploaded to the board that had function to send data to cloud system using 3G connectivity.
The transmission of data was done utilizing SIM 5218E module. In this step, the data was
forwarded to a web server that executes Apache service and MySQL using POST method.
The data sent from Waspmote PRO was not only information containing those 4 parameters
of dust particle density, humidity, noise level and light intensity but also contained additional
information such as temperature and battery capacity. Based on information gained from the
sensors, we built a web based notification system that provides warning when the pollution
level was above accepted level. This system was built with PHP programming language.
CHAPTER 7
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
• Agriculture farming.
• Weather protection.
• Conservation of water.
CHAPTER 8
8.RESULTS
fig : The mobile greenhouse environment monitoring system based on the internet of things
Temperarture
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0:00 9:30 0:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30
Humidity
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0:00 9:30 0:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30
TIME PERIOD
90
80
ILLUMINATION
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0:00 9:30 0:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30
TIME PERIoD
C02 LEVELS
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0:00 9:30 0:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30
TIME P{ERIOD
CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION
The experimental results show that the system can accurately acquire data based on a
set time interval, and that the position of the acquisition point can be accurately determined.
This study can not only provide important basic data for intelligent monitoring of greenhouse
crops and alarms for abnormalities found in the greenhouse environment, but also can offer a
reference for the effective monitoring of other agricultural environments.
FUTURE SCOPE
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