11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 2 – Module 7: Citizenship
 What I Need to Know

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Explain the importance of active citizenship.

CITIZENSHIP

A citizen is an individual who invested in society and contributes to its ability by

performing their civic duties. It is important that each person must understand the value
of being a citizen in a certain country.

A good citizen must live in peace and harmony with his/her neighbors and
fellow citizens. He/She must respect the institutions of his/her country. A citizen must
always respect the laws of the state and should have no patience with criminals and
anti-social elements. He/She must be vigilant against the enemies of the country.

This module will explore on the learner’s total awareness and knowledge on
citizenship.

At the end of the module, learners should be able to:

❖ Know the 1987 Philippine Constitution as a source of citizens’ rights and

privileges.
❖ Explain citizenship and avenues for citizen participation.
❖ Identify the rights, privileges, and obligations of citizens.

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 What I Know

Part 1: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers.

TRUE/FALSE
Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Place T on the line if you think a
statement is TRUE. Place an F on the line if you think the statement is FALSE.

______ 1. The right to vote is given to all citizens of the country residing therein.
______ 2. A citizen enjoys freedom in his/her own country.
______ 3. Dual allegiance is not inimical to the national interest of the country.
______ 4. To be called a citizen you must be born in the same country as
your parents.
______ 5. Citizenship is a relationship within his/her own state.
______ 6. Citizenship is not a status.
______ 7. Citizens have certain rights and privileges that are extended wholly
to aliens.
______ 8. The usual responsibilities of citizenship are allegiance, taxation
and humanitarian service.
______ 9. Recognition by a state as a citizen generally carries with it recognition
of civil, political, and social rights.
______ 10. Citizens make the future of the country.

What’s In

In the previous lesson about Concept, Role and Contribution of Civil Society
and Social Movements, it must be noted that individuals comprising manpower are
essential in the formation of these groups. Hence, every citizen of the country is
important for the achievement of nation’s progress and development. Nonetheless,
there is a need to study further about citizenship which can be considered as vital
elements that can possible help escalate the status of our country.

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 What’s New

THE PREAMBLE

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order
to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our
ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our
patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence
and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love,
equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.

What is a Constitution?

The Constitution of the Philippines is the supreme law of the land.

What are the constitutional bases of citizens’ participation in the

Philippines?

The following are some of the constitutional bases for popular participation in the
Philippines.

Article II, Section 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty
resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.

Article II, Section 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building
and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social
well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism and encourage
their involvement in public and civic affairs.

Article II, Section 20. The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector,
encourages private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments.

Article II, Section 22. The State recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous
cultural communities within the framework of national unity and development.

Article II, Section 23. The State shall encourage non-governmental, community-based,
or sectoral organizations that promote the welfare of the nation.

Article III, Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of
expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and
petition the government for redress of grievances.

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Article III, Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern
shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers
pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government research
data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to
such limitations as may be provided by law.

What is a citizen?

A citizen is a member of a democratic community who enjoys full civil and

political rights and is accorded protection inside and outside the territory of the State.
Citizens may be regarded by all nations either born in their territories or born of their
citizens, or it could be both.

What is citizenship?
It denotes membership of a citizen in a political
society which membership implies, reciprocally, a
duty of allegiance on the part of the members and
duty of protection on the part of the state.

How to acquire citizenship?

There are two methods in order to acquire citizenship:

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Involuntary method:
➢ By birth because of blood relationship (jus sanguinis) or place of birth
(jus soli) Membership in a nation is largely involuntary, that is, most
people initially become citizens of nation and subject to its rules without
any deliberate choice. (Ranney, 1995)

Voluntary method:
➢ By naturalization is the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the
political body of the state and clothing him with the rights and privileges
of citizenship. It is a voluntary method of acquiring citizenship by
renouncing his former citizenship and embracing a new one.

What are the obligations of Citizens?

The obligations of the citizens are:

1. Loyalty and have a sense of patriotism in his/her country.
2. Obey the laws of the land.
3. Participate in political processes

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Who are the citizens of the Philippines?

The citizens of the Philippines are the following:

1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this
Constitution.
2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines.
3. Those born on January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

Who are Natural - born Citizens?

Natural – born citizens are those who are citizens of the Philippines from birth
without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship.

How to lose citizenship?

Ways to lose citizenship:
1. Voluntary
a. By naturalization in a foreign country
b. By express renunciation of citizenship
c. By supporting the constitution and laws of a foreign country
d. By rendering service to the armed forces of a foreign country

2. Involuntary
a. By the cancelation of his certificate of naturalization by the court
b. By having been declared as a deserter in the Philippine armed forces in time
of war.

How to reacquire citizenship?

Ways of reacquiring citizenship:
a. By the repatriation of deserters of the Philippine armed forces
b. By a direct act of the Congress
c. By naturalization

What is Dual citizenship?

Dual citizenship is a situation in which a person simultaneously owes, by some

positive act, loyalty to two or more states. It arises because our laws cannot control
laws of other countries or citizenship.

Republic “Natural – born citizens of the Philippines who have lost their
Act no.: Philippine citizenship because of their naturalization as citizens
9225 of a foreign country are at this moment deemed to have
re-acquired Philippine citizenship upon taking the oath of
allegiance to the Republic.

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 What is It
From the point of
Citizen is a person having the title of citizenship. view of
He/She is a member of a democratic community who
enjoys full civil and political rights, and is accorded international law,
protection inside and outside the territory of the state. the terms
Along with other citizens, they compose the political
“citizenship” and
community. To be a Filipino citizen, a person must belong
to any of the classes of citizens enumerated in the 1987 “citizen” do not
Philippine Constitution. From the point of view of exactly mean the
international law, the terms “citizenship” and “citizen “do
not exactly mean the same as “national.” same as “national.”
The enjoyment of rights becomes ample and
real to the degree that the citizens willingly carry out
their obligations.

What’s More

Task 4: Write in the boxes the things that you learned.

Citizenship Citizen

Naturalization Natural - born

Jus Soli Jus Sanguinis

Dual Citizenship Dual Allegiance

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Task 5: Choose atleast Five (5) personalities who are citizens of the
Philippines and who can be a role model as responsible citizens.
State your reasons why.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Based on the activities and readings on this module, write the things you have learned
about CITIZENSHIP.

I have learned that ____________________________________________________

I have realized that ___________________________________________________

I will apply ______________________________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

Task 1: BECOMING A FILIPINO CITIZEN

ESSAY: In your notebook answer the following questions:

1. How does someone become a citizen of the Philippines?

2. What are the roles and responsibilities of a citizen?
3. In your own understanding, what is the meaning of the right to suffrage?
Explain and give at least 2 examples.
4. What do you think are the obligations of the Filipino citizens during
pandemic crisis?
5. Differentiate Jus Sanguinis from Jus Soli.

Task 2: ANALOGY ORGANIZER

Direction: Complete the data needed inside the boxes.

NATIONALITY CITIZENSHIP

CITIZENS ALIENS

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 Assessment

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the right answer. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. A person who is a foreigner and who is not a naturalized citizen of the country
where he/she is living.
a. Alien b. immigrant
2. A person born in or coming from a country other than one’s own.
a. alien b. immigrant c. foreigner
3. An inhabitant of a particular country or state.
a. alien b. immigrant c. foreigner d. citizen
4. People who are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to perform
any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship.
a. Naturalized citizen b. Natural – born citizen
5. The following are the methods in re-acquiring Philippine citizenship except:
a. By the repatriation of deserters of the Philippine armed forces;
b. By a direct act of the Congress
c. By naturalization
d. By being born – again in the Philippines
6. Natural – born citizens of the Philippines who have lost their Philippine
citizenship because of their naturalization as citizens of a foreign country are at
this moment deemed to have re-acquired Philippine citizenship upon:
a. Taking proper documents in the Department of Foreign Affairs
b. Taking of the allegiance of the Republic of the Philippines
7. It is a situation in which a person simultaneously owes, by some positive act,
loyalty to two or more states. It arises because our laws cannot control laws of
other countries or citizenship.
a. Dual allegiance b. Dual citizenship c. Dual Passport
8. It is the Supreme law of the land.
a. Presidential decree b. Constitution c. Implementing Rules
9. The right of every citizens in a democratic country during election.
a. right to campaign b. right to vote c. right to assembly
10. Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law.
a. True b. False c. Maybe

Additional Activities

Based on your own interpretation, draw an image that portrays an ideal citizen of our
country. Briefly describe your drawing. Use a short size bond paper.

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11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 2 – Module 8:
Citizenship in Practice: Political
Engagement and Youth Empowerment
 What I Need to Know

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Explain issues and programs related to political engagement and youth

empowerment.

The learners …
1. Explain citizenship (HUMSS_PG12IId-13)
2.Assess the various avenues for citizen participation (HUMSS_PG12IId14)
3. Illustrate the value of citizenship (HUMSS_PG12IId-15)

CITIZENSHIP IN PRACTICE: POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT AND

YOUTH EMPOWERMENT

“As citizens of this democracy, you are the rulers and the ruled, the law –
givers and the law – abiding, the beginning and the end”. – Adlais Stevenson

What does it takes to be a citizen of a country? A citizen is a status, a right

and privilege given to all people who live and sojourn in a country where the state
and its citizens shared the same goal. One of the most important people in a country
is their youth who will take charge of the next generation. Various programs and
activities are given much importance in rearing the youth.
Today, youth have greater access to opportunities to participate and be
engaged at all levels of governance and policymaking than they did in the past.
Youth in many countries are taking part in the development of national level policies,
frameworks and plans of action. There is broad recognition at the international level
that investing in youth and empowering them to be active and engaged participants
in their communities and countries is crucial to achieving positive development
outcomes.
In this module, we will discuss how to be an active participant in community as
citizens of this country.

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At the end of the module, learners should be able to:

❖ Identify issues related to political engagement and youth empowerment

❖ Determine programs that address issues related to political engagement
and youth empowerment
❖ Assess an existing program that addresses an issue isolated to political
engagement and youth empowerment
❖ Conduct a research for a draft proposal on a project or political
empowerment.

What I Know

Part 1: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers.

TRUE/FALSE Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Place T on the line if
you think a statement is TRUE. Place an F on the line if you think the statement is
FALSE.

______ 1. Youth's participation in the society in not important in advancing human

rights.
______ 2. Politics is the practice of influencing other people.
______ 3.Youth empowerment is a process where young people are encouraged to
take charge of their lives.
______ 4. The Youth is the future of the nation
______ 5. The word “politics” at its roots it means “relating to citizens”.
______ 6. Poor monitoring of youth is not a problem to a nation.
______ 7. Youth empowerment is the same with youth development.
______ 8. Civic engagement describes how an active citizen participates in the life of
a community in order to improve conditions for others or to help shape the
community’s future.
______ 9. Participation in different activities of the community is a waste of time
since we need to attend the needs of our family.
______ 10. Educating the youth in the political engagement is important in order to
achieve good leaders in the future.

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 What’s In

POLVENN DIAGRAM

Direction: List the circles below what you have learned about Political engagement
and Youth Empowerment. On the overlapping part, write your ideas on how both
topics are interrelated

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 What’s New
Youth empowerment is vital in a developing nation. It is an
attitudinal, structural and cultural process where young people gain the ability,
authority, and agency to make decisions and implement change in their own lives
and the lives of other people around them.
By participating in different civic engagement, the youth are trained to become
self – reliant and disciplined themselves in acquiring their future goals. By giving
them proper knowledge in political engagement, they will have a good target on how
to give aid in most crucial problems of the country. Programs and activities served by
different sectors in enhancing the youth’s capabilities will supplement the tasks of
fighting ignorance and mould future leaders.

What is It

The 1987 Constitution, in its declaration of principles and state

policies, explicitly states that “The State recognizes the vital role of
the youth in nation – building and shall promote and protect
their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well –
being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism,
and encourage their involvement in public and civic
affairs.”(Article II, Section 13).

What is Civic engagement?

Civic engagement involves “working to make a difference in the civic life of
one’s community and developing the combination of knowledge, skills, values and
motivation to make that difference.”It means promoting the quality of life in a
community, through both political and non-political processes.
Civic engagement or civic participation is any individual or group activity
addressing issues of public concern. Citizens acting alone or together to protect
public values or make a change or difference in the community are common types of
civic engagement.
What is Political engagement?
Political engagement or participation includes a broad range of activities
through which people develop and express their opinions on the world and how it is
governed, and try to take part in and shape the decisions that affect their lives.

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 Political participation has been defined in many ways (Brady, 1998;
Conge, 1988; Fox, 2013; van Deth, 2001) ranging from rather restrictive
understandings as “those activities by private citizens that are more or less directly
aimed at influencing the selection of governmental personnel and/or the actions they
take” (Verba&Nie, 1972, p. 2) to very broad approaches referring to political
participation as “a categorical term for citizen power” (Arnstein, 1969, p. 216) or to all
activities aiming to influence existing power structures.
Why is political and civic participation important?

It is suggested that "public participation in decision making can promote goals,

bind individuals or groups together, impart a sense of competence and responsibility
and help express political or civic identity".

What are examples of civic engagement?

Civic Participation is a key issue in the Social and Community Context
domain. Civic participation encompasses a wide range of formal and
informal activities. Examples include voting, volunteering, participating in
group activities, and community gardening.
What are the benefits of civic engagement?
Through civic engagement, such as voting and volunteering, people develop
and use knowledge, skills, and voice to cultivate positive change. Such actions can
help improve the conditions that influence health and well-being for all.

Why is civic engagement important for youth?

Enabling youth civic engagement. The practice of civic engagement has
an important impact in educating young people about their rights and responsibilities
as citizens and allowing them to develop skill sets that are valuable to them as they
undergo the transition to adulthood.
Civic education empowers us to be well-informed, active
citizens and gives us the opportunity to change the world around Youth empowerment is
us. It is a vital part of any democracy, and equips ordinary different from youth
development because
people with knowledge about our democracy and our
development is centered
Constitution. on developing
individuals, while
What is Youth Empowerment? empowerment is
focused on creating
Youth empowerment is a process where young people greater community
are encouraged to take charge of their lives responsibly. They change relies on the
development of
do this by addressing their situation and then take action in order individual capacity
to improve their access to resources and transform their
consciousness through their beliefs, values, and attitudes.

What are the types of Youth Empowerment?

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Youth empowerment examines six interdependent dimensions:
psychological, community, organizational, economic, social and
cultural.
Psychological empowerment enhances individual's consciousness,
belief in self-efficacy, awareness and knowledge of problems and
solutions and of how individuals can address problems that harm their
quality of life. This dimension aims to create self-confidence and give youth the skills
to acquire knowledge.

Community empowerment focuses on enhancing the

community through leadership development, improving
communication, and creating a network of support to mobilize
the community to address concerns.
Organizational empowerment aims to create a
base of resources for a community, including
voluntary organizations, unions and associations that aim to protect,
promote and advocate for the powerless.
Economic empowerment teaches entrepreneurial skills, how to take ownership of
their assets and how to have income security.
Social empowerment teaches youth about social inclusion
and literacy as well as helping kids find the resources to be
proactive in their communities.
Cultural empowerment aims to recreate cultural practices and
redefine cultural rules and norms for youth. Through these
dimensions of empowerment, programs can work on
empowering youth in one or more aspects of their lives.

What are the goals of youth empowerment?

Youth empowerment programs are aimed at
creating healthier and higher qualities of life for
underprivileged or at-risk youth.
The five competencies of a healthy youth are:
(1) positive - sense of self
(2) self- control
T The National Youth (3) decision - making
skills
Commission, also
known as the NYC, is (4) a moral system of
a government agency belief
that specifically (5) pro-social connectedness. Developmental interventions
addresses issues and programs have to be anchored on these
surrounding the competencies that define positive outcomes of healthy
youth.
Filipino youth. It was
founded on the 30th of
June 1995. 6
he National Youth
Commission, also known
as the NYC, is a
Why do we need to empower the youth?
Youth empowerment can help reduce the rate of poverty to a significant level.
One of the keys to empowering the youth is with skill development.
When a youth is empowered, he understands the importance of education and
helps uplift the sector, integral for a developing nation.

What’s More

Youth Empowerment Cartooning

Direction: In your notebook, draw a cartoon which highlights the theme on: “Youth
Empowerment”.
Rubrics:
1. Uniqueness and creativity – 10pts. Total: 20pts
2. Concept and interpretation – 10pts

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 What I Have Learned
Based on the activities and readings on this module, write a short paragraph
consisting of five sentences expressing what you have learned about Youth
Empowerment and Civic Engagement.

What I Can Do

Choose at least Five (5) young Filipino personalities who can be a role model to the
youth in general. List down at least 2 characteristics and qualities which can be a
good example for promoting youth empowerment.

Assessment

DIRECTION: Read the statement carefully. Identify the term that is described. Write
your answer in your notebook.
__________ 1. It teaches entrepreneurial skills, how to take ownership of their assets
and how to have income security.
_________2. Empowers us to be well-informed, active citizens and gives us the
opportunity to change the world around us.
_________3. A process where young people are encouraged to take charge of their
lives responsibly.
_________4. Includes a broad range of activities through which people develop and
express their opinions on the world and how it is governed, and try to take part in
and shape the decisions that affect their lives.
_________5. Enhances individual's consciousness, belief in self-efficacy, awareness
and knowledge of problems and solutions and of how individuals can address
problems that harm their quality of life.
_________6. It is a government agency that specifically addresses issues
surrounding the Filipino youth. It was founded on the 30th of June 1995.
_________7. It means promoting the quality of life in a community, through both
political and non-political processes.
_________8. Focuses on enhancing the community through leadership
development, improving communication, and creating a network of support to
mobilize the community to address concerns.
_________9. The critical period in a person’s growth and development from the
onset of adolescence towards the peak of mature, self –reliant and responsible
adulthood comprising the considerable sector of population from the age of fifteen
(15) to thirty (30) years of age.”
_________10. Teaches youth about social inclusion and literacy as well as helping
kids find the resources to be proactive in their communities.