Pre Test Looking Back: Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics
Module 3: Culture and Society: Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism
Pre Test Looking Back

1. Society a. Representation of Identity
2. Culture - It gives the identity of the race of the people
3. Material Culture living in a society.
4. Values
5. Mores b. Avenue of the economic interdependence
6. Values - It is the beginning of an economic association
7. Technology with other societies.
8. Cultural Variation
9. Ethnocentrism c. Characterize the totality of territory
10. Cultural Relativism - It tells the total territory of a society.
d. Symbol of political independence

- It refers that a society has its own laws and
constitution.
Activity 1.1: My Culture, My Heritage

Heritage Threats Plan of Action
Handcrafted Products Although Handcrafted products are Provide programs that will
known, it is not enough for the locals empower the production of
and the government to support them. these local products. The local
may also support and buy
these handcrafted, although it
is pricey, these products are of
the best quality.
Pambabatok (Tattooing The oldest traditional method of Provide programs that will
Technique of Butbut tattooing, also known as revive this old practice of
Tribe) Pambabatok. Whang-Ud the last tattooing. Like, gathering
Mambabatok in Kalinga is the last people who are interested in
one who knows this tattooing this culture and give them a
technique. This culture slowly seminar or lectures about this
vanishing because there is no other tradition and then teach them
Mambabatok other than Whang-Ud how to do it. After all, this
who is now 103 years old and tradition is one of the
traditional tattooing is underrated memories of the long history
because of the latest technique of of the Philippines.
tattooing.
Activity 1.2:
1. Is there such as superior and inferior culture? Explain.
- There is no superior nor inferior culture. Cultures have their uniqueness and values
that should not be compared from one culture and another. Some cultures are more
known but it doesn't mean that cultures that are not well-known are inferior. After all,
culture is the identity of one's race and has its own significance to its people.
2. How are culture and behavior related? Give examples to prove your answer.
- Culture establishes patterns of acceptable social behavior such as etiquette, protocols,
good manners, and right conduct, roles, and duties, as established by social norms.
For instance, pagmamano is a culture performed by Filipinos as a sign of respect for
the elders.
What I have learned

In some parts of Europe and America, same-sex marriage is considered as legal. Explain in
your own words the applicability of same-sex marriage in the Philippines.
In a religious country like the Philippines, same-sex marriage is forbidden because it is against
the natural law, according to the Roman Catholic Churches. This is why the acceptance of same-
sex marriage is still impossible in the Philippines. The applicability of same-sex marriage in the
Philippines is that it will make two people of the same sex happy, two hearts bind with each
other, and two souls contented forever. Possibly, opening to the matter about same-sex marriage
will give more light to the topic of gender equality and the current issue of human rights.
Check Your Understanding Post Test

1. T 1. B
2. T 2. I
3. T 3. J
4. T 4. D
5. T 5. H
6. T 6. G
7. T 7. F
8. T 8. E
9. T 9. C
10. T 10. A
Enrichment
T’boli Tribe
Location: South Cotabato, Mindanao
Languages: T’boli, Ilonggo, Bilaan
Population (2015): 91,453
Religion: Traditional Animistic,

Christian, Muslim
The T’boli (or Tiboli) is a tribal group from the Philippines. T’boli Tribes traditionally live in
scattered settlements in the highlands in the province of South Cotabato, around Lake Sebu, Lake
Lehutan, and Lake Lahit.
This tribal group continues to live in a traditional manner, similar to how their descendants did
centuries ago. The T'boli are known for their intricate beadwork, lovely woven fabrics, and
beautiful brass ornaments, which set them apart from other tribal groups. They wear colorful
clothes, bracelets, and earrings.
According to T'boli mythology, the T'boli are descended from the survivors of a great flood. A
man named Dwata forewarned the people of an upcoming massive flood. Except for two
couples, La Bebe and La Lomi, and Tamfeles and La Kagef, the tribe declined to listen. Dwata
advised them to take refuge in a bamboo so large that they could all fit inside and survive the
flood. The first lovers, according to legend, are the ancestors of the T'boli and other highland
ethnic groups. The other Filipino indigenous groups were descended by the second couple.
Hunting, fishing, and farming are the T'Boli's main sources of income. Fish caught with fishing
rods, spews, nets, and other traps have often come from the region's rivers, lakes, and marshes.
Food items include mudfish, catfish, freshwater shrimp, and snails. Along the lake's shores,
ducks are also bred. The T'boli sells bananas and other forest products to support their incomes.
T’boli women are also known for making T'nalak, an abaca-based T'boli craft that is one of the
tribe's traditional textiles. At present the T'nalak products have become the signature product of
the province of South Cotabato.
Social Diet Economic Clothes System of Religion

Groupings Writing
Large Group Seafoods, Cultivating, Colorful T’boli tribe Christian,
Farm goods, Fishing, clothes,bracelet, has no Muslim,
Forest Hunting and earrings. official Traditional
Produce writing Animistic
system Religion
T'boli society is governed by a datu, who serves in a variety of capacities. He serves socially,
economically, religiously, and politically. In T'boli society, there are a variety of datus who have
varying degrees of influence, fame, and rank that they have gained or ascribed to themselves and
are recognized by their followers.
The culture of the T’boli tribe is heavily influenced by nature. They have a rich musical culture
with various musical instruments and dances mimicked from the action of animals. Their music
is not only for entertainment purposes only, it is also a living contact with their ancestors and a
source of ancient wisdom. The tribe’s colorful clothing is the major source of their ethnic pride
and characterized the men and women of their tribe. Nearly all of their clothing is made of
T’nalak, also known as the T’boli’s sacred cloth and one of the tribe’s traditional textiles. This
typical T'boli textile is history held in the hands of their makers and the rich cultural heritage can
be seen through their creations, it shows the tribe's collective imagination and cultural meanings.
The T’bolis have a very well-preserved culture that held their traditions alive.
Students should not have a superior complex towards indigenous people, it does not mean that
they have ancient beliefs and practices, they are inferior. We should treat our indigenous people
with respect and adoration because they are living inspiration of how should people act towards
their life-long culture, a culture that should be preserve, after all, it is part of our rich history.
The culture of the indigenous people is a thing that should be proud of because these are the
treasures of our country that our descendants work hard and are protected for.

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Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

Module 3: Culture and Society: Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism

Pre Test Looking Back

d. Symbol of political independence

Activity 1.1: My Culture, My Heritage

What I have learned

Check Your Understanding Post Test

Languages: T’boli, Ilonggo, Bilaan

Population (2015): 91,453

Religion: Traditional Animistic,

Social Diet Economic Clothes System of Religion

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