Microcontroller Architecture and Programming
Microcontroller Architecture and Programming
Microcontroller Architecture and Programming
programming
M. Sc 3rd semester
ELE-19305DCE
ATMEL
ARM
8 BIT E.G MCS48,MCS51, 8XC42 ,8XC251
INTEL
16 BIT E.G MCS96,MXCS296
National Semiconductor
14 BIT PIC E.G PIC16F84
Microchip
16 BIT PIC
Texas Instruments E.G MSP 430, TMS 370
Zilog E.G Z8,Z86E02
8 bit E.G 68HC05,68HC08
Motorola
16 bit E.G 68HC12, 68HC17
Microcontroller classification
Criteria for choosing a microcontroller
Smaller size
Cost reduction
Higher reliability
Lower power consumption
Higher versatility
More power in the sense that todays processors are built with
millions of transistors on a single chip.
Need of a microcontroller
There is no electronic gadget on the earth which is
designed without a microcontroller. For example
communication devices, digital entertainment, portable
devices etc
Personal information products:-
cell phones, pager, watch ,pocket, recorder, calculator
Laptop components:-
Mouse , keyboard, modem ,fax card , sound card, battery
charger
Home appliances:-
Doorlock,alarmclock, thermostat, airconditioner, TV remote,
Refrigrator, microwave oven
Contd..
Industrial equipments:-Temperature/pressure controllers,
counters, timers, RPM controllers
Toys:- video games, cars, dolls
Test and measurement equipments:-signal generators,multimeters,
frequency counters, oscilloscopes
In Automobiles:-microcontrollers used for engine control,car cruise
control, antilock brakes.
Microprocessor vs Microcontroller
MICROPROCESSOR MICROCONTROLLER
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
•CPU is standalone ,RAM,ROM,I/O, timer are CPU,RAM,ROM,I/O and timer are all on a single
separate. chip.
•Microprocessor assimilates the function of a Mirocontroller can be considered as a small
CPU on a single IC computer on an IC
MICROPROCESSOR MICROCONTROLLER
MEMORY ARCHITECTURE
•Microprocessor is based on von-Neumann •Microcontroller is based on harvard
architecture architecture.
DESIGN
•Flexible from design point of view .i.e •Since there is fixed amount of on chip
designer can decide the amount of RAM,ROM RAM,ROM so it is not so flexible from design
and I/O ports needed to fit the task point of view.
APPLICATION
•Microprocessor used in general purpose •Microcontrollers are dedicated to one task and
applications run on one specific program
•It is used in applications where intensive •Microcontroller is application specific not used
processing is required in applications where intensive processing is
required.
•They are basic components of PCs •They are used in embedded systems.
Contd…
MICROPROCESSOR MICROCONTROLLER
•They are used in designing general purpose •They are used in automatically controlled
systems and super computers systems
•Computational capacity of microprocessor is v •Less computational capacity usually used for
high hence can perform complex tasks simple tasks
•Microprocessor have integrated math •Generally they don’t have math co-processors
coprocessor complex mathematical calculations they used software to perform floating point
which involve floating point arthimetics can be calculations which slows down the devices
performed with graet ease
•Instruction throughput is given higher priority •In contrast microcontrollers are designed to
than interrupt latency. optimise interrupt latency
•Have few bit manipulation instructions •They have numerous bit manipulation
instructions.
•Not used in real time systems •Used to handle real time tasks
Memory architecture classification
Von-neumann(princeton)architecture:-von-neumann machines
have shared signals ,buses and memory for code and data
thus program can be easily modified by itself since it is stored
in RAM.
Contd…
Instruction set architecture(ISA) Classification