CAPACITORS AND DIELECTRICS

WITH CALCULATIONS

for GENERAL PHYSICS 2/ Grade 12/

Quarter 3/ Week 3

NegOr_Q3_GenPhysics2_SLKWeek3_v2
NegOr_Q3_GenPhysics2_SLKWeek3_v2 1
 FOREWORD

Learning Physics concepts could be interesting because of its problems

that require basic mathematical knowledge like Algebra. Thus, you, the
learners, need to be motivated with working on physics modules. This self-
learning kit will teach you about Capacitors and Dielectrics that have
calculations.

In this self-learning kit, you will gain knowledge in determining the

potential energy stored inside the capacitor and deducing the effects of simple
capacitors on the capacitance, charge, and potential difference when the
size, potential difference or charge is changed. It will also help you calculate
the equivalent capacitance of a network of capacitors connected in
series/parallel and solve problems involving capacitors and dielectrics in
contexts such as, charged plates, batteries, and camera flash lamps. Lastly, this
will help you describe the effects of inserting dielectric materials on the
capacitance, charge, and electric field of a capacitor and determine the total
charge, the charge on, and the potential difference across each capacitor in
the network given the capacitors connected in series/parallel.

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 OBJECTIVES
At the end of this Self‒Learning Kit, you should be able to:
K: discuss about capacitors and its types, the total charge, the
charge on, and the potential difference across each capacitor
in the network given the capacitors connected in series/parallel;
: define potential energy and determine the potential energy
stored inside and across a capacitor;

S: calculate the equivalent capacitance of a network of

capacitors connected in series/parallel;
: solve problems involving capacitors and dielectrics; and

A: recognize the significant effects of the different physical

characteristics of capacitors on determining its capacitance,
charge and potential difference.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Deduce the effects of simple capacitors (e.g., parallel-plate, spherical,
cylindrical) on the capacitance, charge, and potential difference when
the size, potential difference, or charge is changed (STEM_GP12EMIIId-
23).

Calculate the equivalent capacitance of a network of capacitors

connected in series/parallel (STEM_GP12EMIIId-24).

Determine the total charge, the charge on, and the potential difference
across each capacitor in the network given the capacitors connected
in series/parallel (STEM_GP12EMIIId-25).

Determine the potential energy stored inside the capacitor given the
geometry and the potential difference across the capacitor
(STEM_GP12EMIIId-26).

Describe the effects of inserting dielectric materials on the capacitance,

charge, and electric field of a capacitor (STEM_GP12EMIIId-29)

Solve problems involving capacitors and dielectrics in contexts such as,

but not limited to, charged plates, batteries, and camera flash lamps
(STEM_GP12EMIIId-30).

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 I. WHAT HAPPENED

Hi! It’s me again Rose. We will be

dealing with capacitors and
dielectrics this time.

Do grab your pen and notebooks with you

because those are very essential for this journey
of ours.

Source: https://bit.ly/3mBqPtf

PRE-TEST: ⌚ Let’s look back and

check your memory.

PRE-ACTIVITY 1: Guess What?

Directions: Observe the illustrations below. Read and answer each
question very carefully. Write your answers on your notebook/Answer Sheet.

1. Everyone in the STEM class knows how to operate appliances but some
only knew what a capacitor looks like. To make her project, Anna
needs to know what a capacitor looks like. Let us help her recognize a
capacitor and draw it for her on her notebook.

A. B. C.

2. Anna is trying to put the capacitor for her series circuit project. Which
of the following she should follow? Why?
𝐶1

𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3

A. B. C.
𝐶2

3. What is the use of putting capacitor on our appliances?

4. How is a charge stored inside a capacitor?

NegOr_Q3_GenPhysics2_SLKWeek3_v2
4
 5. Is there a means of deducing a capacitor on the capacitance,
charge, and potential difference when the size, potential difference, or
charge is changed?

PRE-ACTIVITY 2: Loosen up!

Directions: Read and answer the questions very carefully. Write your
answers on your notebook/Activity Sheet.
1. Electric potential has the unit of volts. This unit is named after the person
who devised on of the first electric cells.
a. Michael Volta c. Alexander Volta
b. Alessandro Volta d. Rene Descartes
2. The capacitors capability of storing electric charges is called
capacitance. How are you going express capacitance in an
equation?
a. Q= CV c. C=
b. C= QV d. C=
3. Inserting dielectric is important in a capacitor. Which of the following
does not show the importance of dielectric?
a. To keep the conducting plates from coming in contact, allowing
for smaller plate separations and therefore higher capacitances.
b. To make the voltage of the capacitor contained.
c. To increase the effective capacitance by reducing the electric
field strength, which means you get the same charge at a lower
voltage.
d. To reduce the possibility of shorting out by sparking during
operation at high voltage.
4. Which of the following statement is true?
a. The capacitance tells us how much charge the device stores for
a given voltage.
b. Dielectric between the conductors increases the capacitance
of a capacitor.
c. The energy stored in a capacitor is the work required to charge
the capacitor, beginning with no charge on its plates
d. All of the above.
5. Why is an electric field pointing from right to left when placing a
dielectric layer between two parallel charged metal plates?
a. Because the positive nuclei of the dielectric will move with the
field to the right and negative electrons will move against the
field to the left.
b. Because of how you are placing it.
c. Because it is a vector quantity resulting it to point that way and
when two vectors meet it will make a charge.
d. For it to repel.

NegOr_Q3_GenPhysics2_SLKWeek3_v2
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II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
DISCUSSION:
CAPACITORS

Capacitors are used commonly and are useful as electronic

component in the modern circuits and devices. This has long history usage
of more than 250 years and was being studied, designed and developed up
to the present.
A capacitor is a passive device for storing electric charges. The
simplest type of capacitor consists of two parallel conducting plates
separated from each other by a thin sheet of insulating material or dielectric.
Capacitors can be classified in terms of their construction-parallel-plate,
spherical, and cylindrical. Each of these has advantages and disadvantages
based on a capacitance, charge, and potential difference.

Parallel- plate capacitors this type of capacitor has two parallel

charging plates are separated by a dielectric that contains charges. The
capacitance that can be offered by a parallel-plate capacitor is directly
proportional to the area of the plates as well as to the distance between
these plates. The voltage across this type of capacitor is also directly
proportional to the distance between the plates.

Figure 1. A parallel-plate capacitor

Source: Oliver M. David. GENERAL PHYSICS 2. DIWA LEARNING
SYSTEMS INC

Cylindrical capacitors have different construction as seen in figure 2,

inner and outer cylindrical structures. The dielectric is placed between these
two charged cylinders. The capacitance of a cylindrical capacitor varies
directly with its length. Longer capacitor provides higher capacitance,
whereas a shorter provides a lower value. Increasing the amount of dielectric
in this capacitor also increases the capacitance that it offers. Also, a fat or
large cylindrical capacitor offers higher capacitance than a thin one. Such
variation means that an increase in the distance between the two charged
cylinders will increase the amount of work to be done to move a charge from

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one cylinder to the other, therefore increasing the voltage across the
capacitor.

Figure 2. A Cylindrical capacitor

Source: Oliver M. David. GENERAL PHYSICS 2. DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INC

Spherical Capacitors have a construction similar to that of cylindrical

capacitor. As seen in figure 2, an internal spherical structure is one of the
charged bodies of the capacitor. The other charged body is the outer
spherical structure that covers the internal sphere. The dielectric is placed
between these two charged spheres. The capacitance of this capacitor
varies directly with its overall radius. Increasing the radius of this type of
capacitor will enlarge the spherical surface, consequently widening the
distance between the two charged spheres with that the amount of
dielectric also surges, thus boosting the capacitance offered by the
capacitor. In addition, the work necessary to move a charge from one
sphere to another is also increased, thus intensifying the voltage across the
capacitor.

Figure 3. A Spherical Capacitors

Source: Oliver M. David. GENERAL PHYSICS 2. DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INC

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAPACITORS

The different types of capacitors are the following:

1. Electrolytic Capacitor
2. Mica Capacitor
3. Paper Capacitor
4. Film Capacitor
5. Non-Polarized Capacitor
6. Ceramic Capacitor

Electrolytic Capacitor
This is used when the large capacitor values are
required. The thin metal layer is used for one electrode
and for the second electrode (cathode) a semi-liquid
electrolyte solution which is in jelly or paste is used. The
dielectric plate is a thin layer of oxide, it is developed
electrochemically in production with thickness of the film.
It is possible to make capacitors with a large value of
capacitance for a physical size, which is in small and the
Source: https://bit.ly/3t6uWSd

distance between the two plates is very small. Majority of

electrolytic capacitors are polarized.
The uses of this capacitor are generally in the DC power supply circuit
because they are in large capacitance and small in reducing ripple voltage.
The applications of this electrolytic capacitors are coupling and decoupling.
The disadvantage of this is their relatively low voltage rating because of the
polarization of electrolytic capacitor.

Mica Capacitor

This capacitor is a group of natural minerals. These are

the two types of mica capacitors namely clamped
capacitors & silver mica capacitor. Clamped mica
capacitor is considered obsolete because of their inferior
characteristic. Silver mica capacitor is prepared by
sandwiching mica sheet coated with metal on both sides
Source: https://bit.ly/3t6uWSd
and this assembly is then encased in epoxy to protect the
environment.

These capacitors are low loss capacitors, used at high frequencies and
is very stable chemically, electrically, and mechanically due to its specific
crystalline structure binding and typical layered structure.

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 Paper Capacitor
The construction of this capacitor is between the two
tin foil sheets and they are separated from the paper or oiled
paper and thin waxed. The sandwiched foils and papers are
rolled in a cylindrical shape then it is enclosed in a plastic
capsule. The two foils of this paper capacitor attach to the
external load. The capacitance range of this capacitor is
Source: https://bit.ly/3t6uWSd

from 0.001 to 2.000micro farad and the voltage is very high

which is up to 2000V.

Film Capacitor
This capacitor used a thin plastic as a dielectric. The
film capacitor is prepared extremely thin using the
sophisticated film drawing process. There are different
types of film capacitors available like polyester film,
metalized film, polypropylene film, PTE film and polystyrene
film. The main difference between these film capacitors is
the material used as a dielectric and is chosen properly
Source: https://bit.ly/3t6uWSd

according to their properties.

The applications of the film capacitors are stability, low inductance,
and low cost. The PTE film capacitance is a heat resistance and is used in the
aerospace and military technology.

Non-Polarized Capacitor
The non-polarized capacitors are classified in to
two, the plastic foil capacitor and the electrolytic non-
polarized capacitor. The non-polarized capacitor requires
the Ac applications in a series or parallel with a signal or
power supply. The examples are the speaker crossover
Source: https://bit.ly/3t6uWSd
filters and power factor correction network. In these two
applications, a large AC voltage signal is applied across
the capacitor.

Ceramic Capacitor
This capacitor uses ceramic material as
dielectric. The ceramics are one of the first materials
used in the production of capacitors as an insulator.
The two common types of ceramic capacitors are
multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) and ceramic
disc capacitor. The multilayer ceramic capacitors
are prepared by using the surface mounted
Source: https://bit.ly/3t6uWSd
(SMD)technology and they are smaller in size,
therefore, it used widely. While the ceramic disc capacitor is manufactured

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 by coating a ceramic disc with silver contacts on both sides and to achieve
larger capacitance, these devices are made from multiple layers.

CAPACITANCE

The effect or the ability of a capacitor to store charges is called

capacitance. This capacitance is made up of two close conductors and
separated by the dielectric material. If the plates are connected to the
power, then the plates accumulate the electric charge. One plate
accumulates the positive charge while the other got the opposite. The
capacitance (C) of a capacitor is mathematically defined as the ratio of the
amount of charge (Q) in one plate to the potential difference (V) between
the plates.

In symbols,

The SI unit of capacitance is the farad, symbolized by letter F and was named
after Michael Faraday. It follows that one farad equals 1 coulomb per volt.

The capacitance of a parallel

plate capacitor is affected by
the following factors:
a. Area of plates. The bigger
the area of the plates, the
greater is the
capacitance.
b. Distance between the
plates. The closer the
plates to one another, the
greater the capacitance.
c. Insulating material or
dielectric between them.

Table 1. Factors Affecting Capacitance of a Capacitor

Variable Effect on Capacitance
Area of the conducting Increase Increase
plate Decrease Decrease
Distance between the Increase Increase
conducting plates Decrease Decrease
Type of dielectric More conducting Decrease
Less conducting Increase

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 This means increasing the area of the capacitor plates will also
increase the capacitance of a capacitor and vice versa.

The dependence of the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor on

the factors cited above is mathematically expressed as

C=

where, A is the area of one plate in square meters, d is the distance between
plates in meters, and is the permittivity of the insulating material or
dielectric.

Table 2. Permittivity of Some Materials

Materials )
Air or vacuum 0.885
Glass (ordinary) 7
Glass (pyrex) 4.7
Mica 4.8
Mylar 2.7
Paraffin 2
Polyethylene 1.99
Porcelain 6.2
Teflon 1.9
Water at 20 C 70.8

DIELECTRICS
Dielectrics are insulators that serve three purposes:
1. To keep the conducting plates from coming in contact, allowing for
smaller plate separations and therefore higher capacitances;
2. To increase the effective capacitance by reducing the electric field
strength, which means you get the same charge at a lower voltage;
and
3. To reduce the possibility of shorting out by sparking (dielectric
breakdown) during operation at high voltage

The role of a dielectric inserted between the capacitor plates is to

impede or block the charges passing through the material. This means that a
dielectric has to be made of insulating or less conducting materials to
provide greater capacitance. Greater insulation allows more charges to be
stored.

Introducing a dielectric into a capacitor decreases the electric field,

which decreases the voltage, which increases the capacitance. A capacitor

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with a dielectric store the same charge as one without a dielectric, but a
lower voltage. Therefore, a capacitor with a dielectric in it is more effective.

POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE

Potential difference is the work done in moving a unit positive charge

from point A to point B in an electric field. Potential difference is designated
as and is found by subtracting the potential at point A from the potential
at point B.

If point A refers to the ground or infinity, the work done in bringing a unit
positive charge from ground or infinity to another point B is called the electric
potential at point B. Electric potential is designated by letter V.

Electric potential has the unit of volts. This unit is named after
Alessandro Volta who devised one of the first electric cells. It can be shown
that 1 volt= 1 joule/ coulomb (J/C).
On the other hand, if point A is not the ground nor the infinity, then the
work done in moving a unit positive test charge from point A to point B is
called the potential difference between points A and B.

= -

Sample Problem 1:

A charge of 6x 7
C is transferred from infinity to point A. If the work
done to do this is 1.2 x 5
J, what is the potential at point A?

Solution:
Given: W= 1.2 x 5
J
Q= 6x 7
C
Using the formula: V=

12 1
V=
6 1
= 20V

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Sample Problem 2:
Base on sample problem 1, what is the potential difference of point A
to B if point B is 37 V?
Solution:

Given: =20V and = 37V

Using the formula: = -

= 37 V – 20 V
= 17 V

Potential difference is an actual consideration of the potentials in the

circuit. The existence of PD also identifies the flow of charges through the
circuit. Without this difference, there will be no electric potential, thus making
the flow of charges through the conductor impossible.

THE AMOUNT OF CHARGE (Q) A CAPACITOR CAN STORE

The amount of charge (Q) a capacitor can store depends on two

major factors- the voltage applied and the capacitor’s physical
characteristics, such as its size. It is easy to see the relationship between the
voltage and the stored charge for a parallel plate capacitor, as shown in
Figure 4. Each electric field line starts on an individual positive charge and
ends on negative one, so that there will be more field lines if there is more
charge.
The electric field strength ( ) is directly proportional to the charge (Q).

where, ⍺ means “proportional to”. We know that the voltage applied across
parallel plate is V= Ed where, V ⍺ E and V ⍺ Q and so is Q ⍺ V.
This is true in general that the greater the voltage applied to any capacitor,
the greater the charge stored in it.
Different capacitors will store different amounts of charge for the same
applied voltage, depending on their physical characteristics. We define their
capacitance (C) to be such that the charge (Q) stored in capacitor is
proportional to (C). The charge stored in capacitor is given by Q= CV. And
this equation expresses the two major factors affecting the amount of charge
stored. I we will rearrange it we will come up with C= .

NegOr_Q3_GenPhysics2_SLKWeek3_v2
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COMBINATION OF CAPACITORS
Capacitors may be connected in series or in parallel as shown in Figure
5. (a)&(b).
𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3 There are three important rules for capacitors in
series. These are:
1) The reciprocal of the total capacitance is
equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the
individual capacitance. It should be noted
that adding a capacitor in series decreases
Figure 5. (a) Capacitors in
series
the total capacitance of the combination.

1 2 3

2) The total potential difference or total voltage

is the sum of the potential differences across
each capacitor.
=

3) The total charge is equal to the individual

charge stored in each capacitor.
= 1 2 3

For parallel capacitors, the following rules

apply:
𝐶1 𝐶3
1. The total capacitance is the sum of
𝐶2

the individual capacitances.

= 1 2 3
2. The voltage across all capacitors is
equal to the voltage across each
Figure 5. (b) Capacitors in parallel
capacitor.
= 1 2 3
3. The total charge is equal to the sum of the individual charges.
= 1 2 3

Formulas to ponder!
Capacitors may be connected in series or in
parallel.
Series Capacitors Parallel Capacitors
𝐶𝑇 =𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3
𝐶𝑇 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3
𝑉𝑇 =𝑉 𝑉 𝑉 𝑉𝑇 =𝑉1 𝑉2 𝑉3
𝑄𝑇 =𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄3 𝑄𝑇 =𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄3

Figure 𝟼. Formulas in calculating series or parallel

Source: https://bit.ly/3mBqPtf capacitors
NegOr_Q3_GenPhysics2_SLKWeek3_v2
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Sample Problem 3:
Find the total capacitance for each connection shown. 1= 10.0F, 2=
5.0F, and 3 = 4.0F.

𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3
a)

𝐶1
c) 𝐶3
𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3 𝐶2
b)

Solution:
Given: 1= 10.0F, 2= 5.0F, and 3= 4.0F

a) 1 2 3 are in series
1 1 1 1
1 5 4

2 4 5 11
= (where 20 is the least common denominator of the 3
2 2
capacitors)
11
= 1.8 F (the reciprocal of )
2

b) 1 2 3 are
in parallel
=10.0F + 5.0 F +4.0 F
= 19 F
c) Combination of series-parallel. First get the total capacitance of
1 2 .
1 1 1 1 2 3
1 5 1 1
3
C= 3.3 F (the reciprocal of )
1

This series combination of 1 and 2 is parallel to 3. Therefore, the total

capacitance is
= C + 3 = 3.3 F + 4.0 F
= 7.3 F

NegOr_Q3_GenPhysics2_SLKWeek3_v2
15
 Performance Task:

Directions: Read the situation below and do what is asked. Take a

video of yourself doing the lecture‒discussion and submit it to your teacher.

A battery is known as a convenient source of electric energy,

whereas an electroscope is an effective storage of electrical energy. Both
devices are relevant to capacitors because they allow electric charges to
be stored in them.

The next topic for your lecture is on the storage of charges by

batteries and electroscopes. As one of the best Physics instructors in a
University, you are expected by the Physics Department Chairperson to
deliver a lecture on this topic in a very engaging manner. As part of the
evaluation of your lecture, you are expected to thoroughly and accurately
discuss the relevant concepts of capacitance in relation to the mechanism
of how batteries and electroscopes work, to incorporate appropriate
teaching methodologies, and to effectively use technology to make the
lecture‒discussion interesting.

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

EVALUATION/POST ‒TEST
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Directions: Choose the correct letter and word of the correct
answer. Write it on your notebook.
1) What are the three factors affecting the capacitance of a parallel
plate capacitor?
a. Dielectric, farad & voltage
b. Area of plates, dielectric & distance between the plates
c. Voltage, capacitance & dielectric
d. None of the above

2) Isn’t it true that capacitor stores electric charges?

a. Yes b. No c. Maybe d. I don’t know

3) The SI unit of capacitance is farad symbolized by letter F and was

named after who?
a. Michaele Farad c. Michael Faraday
b. Michael Farad d. Michael Faraed

NegOr_Q3_GenPhysics2_SLKWeek3_v2
16
 4) What are the two major factors affecting the amount of charge a
capacitor can store?
a. Voltage applied & capacitor’s physical characteristics
b. Dielectric & voltage applied
c. Capacitance & dielectric
d. Charge and voltage applied

5) Why is inserting dielectrics in a capacitor important?

a. To impede or block the charges passing through the material.
b. To keep the conducting plates from coming in contact
c. To reduce the possibility of shorting out by sparking
d. All of the above mentioned.

B. COMPLETING THE TABLE

Directions: Copy the table on your notebook and answer the missing
data.

Question: Infer what will happen to the capacitance, charge, and potential
difference in the respective capacitors when their size, potential difference,
or charge is changed.
Capacitance Potential Charge
Difference
Increase
Size
Decrease
Increase
Potential
Difference Decrease
Increase
Charge
Decrease

C. PROBLEM SOLVING
Directions: Read each problem very carefully. Solve the problems
and show your solutions on your notebook.
1) A 2.0 F and a 3.0 F are connected in series and subjected to a total
potential difference of 100 V. Find (a) their equivalent capacitance,
(b)charge stored in each capacitor, and (c) potential difference across
each capacitor.

NegOr_Q3_GenPhysics2_SLKWeek3_v2
17
2) The capacitors in problem 1 are connected in parallel instead of being in
series. The combination is connected to 100 V line. Find (a) total
capacitance, (b) potential difference across each capacitor, and (c)
charge stored in each capacitor.

3) Suppose you have five 10.0 F capacitors. Show all possible connections of
all five capacitors to produce an equivalent capacitance of (a) 50.0 F, (b)
2.0 F, and (c) 35.0 F.
4) Solve the potential difference of point A and point B. If point A is 46 V and
point B is 100 V.

NegOr_Q3_GenPhysics2_SLKWeek3_v2
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 REFERENCES

Albert, E. G. (2010). Dance Encyclopedia. Retrieved from Google.

David, Oliver M. (2017). DIWA Senior High School Series: General Physics 2. In
O. M. David, General Physics 2 (pp. 66-79). 1299 Makati City,
Philippines: DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INC.

Ling, S. J., Moebs, W., & Sanny, J. (2019, July). BC campus

connect.collaborate.innovate. Retrieved from University PHYSICS
VOLUME 2: https://opentextbc.ca/universityphysicsv2openstax

Lumen PHYSICS. “CAPACITORS AND DIELECTRICS”. https://bit.ly/2YoFs8Y

Silverio, Angelina A. Exploring Life Through Science PHYSICS.PHOENIX
PUBLISHING HOUSE, INC. 927 QUEZON AVENUE, QUEZON CITY

WatElectronics.com.” Different types of Capacitors and Its Uses”.

https://bit.ly/3afAHUR

NegOr_Q3_GenPhysics2_SLKWeek3_v2
19
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS EdD JD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/CID Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS-Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

MA. MICHELROSE G. BALDADO

Writer

STEPHEN C. BALDADO
Lay-out Artist
_________________________________________

ALPHA QA TEAM
JOSE MARI B. ACABAL
ROWENA R. DINOKOT
GENEVA FAYE L. MENDOZA

BETA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
EUFRATES G. ANSOK JR.
ROWENA R. DINOKOT
LESTER C. PABALINAS

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set
learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright
and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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 SYNOPSIS
This self-learning kit contains interactive approach in describing
Capacitors and in deducing the effects of different physical
characteristics of capacitors on determining its capacitance, charge and
potential difference. It also contains problem solving that shows how to
calculate the equivalent capacitance and dielectrics of a network of
capacitors connected in series/parallel. The module is made simple, fun,
easy and interactive to help facilitate independent learning while learners
are at home.

ANSWER KEY

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Ma. Michelrose G. Baldado finished her
Bachelor’s Degree in Secondary Education at NORSU-
Bais major in Biological Sciences last 2016.
She was studying her Master’s Degree in
Education major in General Science at Central
Philippines State University at Kabankalan, Negros
Occidental. Currently, she is a Teacher 1 at Jimalalud
National High School of Jimalalud District in the Division
of Negros Oriental.

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