2.WIS5 Course Notes 501 699

Welding Inspection Level 2: Multiple Choice Questions
Paper 1 - MSR-WI-1a
Name: ……………………………….…………………………. Date: ……………………
1 Which mechanical test can be used to measure the toughness of weld metal, HAZ
and parent material?
a Macro.
b Nick break.
c Hardness.
d Charpy impact.
2 Which is the best destructive test for showing lack of sidewall fusion in a 25mm
thickness butt weld?
a Nick break.
b Side bend.
c Charpy impact.
d Face bend test.
3 The principal purpose of a welder qualification test is to:
a Test the skill of the welder.

b Assess the weldability of the materials.
c Decide which NDT methods to use.
d Give the welder practice before doing production welding.
4 A fabrication procedure calls for the toes of all welds to be blended in by grinding.
The reason for doing this is to:
a Make the welds suitable for liquid (dye) penetrant inspection.

b Improve the fatigue life.
c Reduce residual stresses.
d Improve the general appearance of the welds.
5 For full penetration single-sided butt joints, root bead penetration and profile are
mainly influenced by:
a Root face.
b Bevel angle.
c Root gap.
d Included angle.
6 Which of the following would be cause for rejection by most fabrication standards
when inspecting fillet welds with undercut, a small amount of?
a Depth.
b Length.
c Width.
d Sharpness.
WIS5-90516b
Appendix 1 – MSR-WI-1a A1-1 Copyright © TWI Ltd
7 When visually inspecting the root bead of a single V-butt weld it should be checked
for:
a Lack of root penetration.

b HAZ hardness.
c Tungsten inclusions.
d Slag.
8 The strength of a fillet weld is determined by:
a Leg length.
b Weld profile.
c Weld width.
d Throat thickness.
9 The European Standard for NDE of fusion welds by visual examination is:
a EN 15614.
b EN 2560.
c EN 287.
d EN 17637.
10 Visual inspection of a fabricated item for a high integrity application should cover
inspection activities:
a Before, during and after welding.

b Before welding only.
c After welding only.
d During and after welding only.
11 Incomplete root penetration in a single V butt joint may be caused by:
a Excessive root face.

b Excessive root gap.
c The current setting being too low.
d Both a and c.
12 Incomplete root fusion in a single V butt weld may be caused by:
a Linear misalignment.
b Root gap being too large.
c Root faces being too small.
d Welding current too high.
13 When visually inspecting the face of a finished weld which of the following flaws
would be considered the most serious:
a Excess weld metal height.

b Start porosity.
c Spatter.
d Arc strikes.
WIS5-90516b
14 A burn-through may occur if the:
a Current is too low.

b Root face is too large.
c Root gap is too large.
d Arc voltage is too high.
15 A Code of Practice is a:
a Standard of workmanship quality only.

b Set of rules for manufacturing a specific product.
c Specification for the finished product.
d Code for the qualification of welding procedures and welders qualifications.
16 A solid inclusion in a weld may be:
a Entrapped slag.
b Entrapped gas.
c Lack of inter-run fusion.
d None of the above.
17 Which of the following is a planar imperfection?
a Lack of sidewall fusion.

b Slag inclusion.
c Linear porosity.
d Root concavity.
18 For fillet welds it is normal practice in the UK and USA to measure:
a Throat thickness.
b Leg lengths.
c Penetration depths.
d Both a and c.
19 In a bend test, when the face of the specimen is in tension and root is in
compression, the test is called a
a Root bend.
b Side bend.
c Face bend.
d Longitudinal bend.
20 Heavy porosity on the surface of some MMA welds made on a construction site is
most likely to be caused by:
a Use of the wrong class of electrodes.

b Use of excessive current.
c Moisture pick-up in the electrode covering.
d A bad batch of electrodes.
21 Slag inclusions may be present in:
a Manual metal arc welds.

b Metal inert gas welds.
c Metal active gas welds.
d All welds.
WIS5-90516b
22 The main cause of undercut is:
a Excessive amps.
b Excessive OCV.
c Excessive travel speed.
d Current too low.
23 Which group of welders is most likely to require continuous monitoring by a

welding inspector?
a Concrete shuttering welders.

b Overland pipeline welders.
c Tack welders.
d Maintenance welders.
24 Which of the following fillet welds is the strongest assuming they are all made
using the same material and welded using the same WPS?
a 8mm throat of a mitre fillet.

b 7mm leg + 2mm excess weld metal.
c Mitre fillet with 10mm leg.
d Concave fillet with 11mm leg.
25 A typical included angle for MMA welding a full penetration pipe butt joint is:
a 35°
b 70°
c 90°
d Dependent on the pipe diameter.
26 A fillet weld has an actual throat thickness of 8mm and a leg length of 7mm, what
is the excess weld metal?
a 2.1mm
b 1.8mm
c 3.1mm
d 1.4mm
27 The fusion boundary of a fillet weld is the:
a Boundary between the weld metal and HAZ.

b Boundary between individual weld runs.
c Depth of root penetration.
d Boundary between the HAZ and parent material.
28 If a Welding Inspector detects a type of imperfection not allowed by the application

Standard he must:
a Request further NDE.

b Reject the weld.
c Prepare a concession request.
d Reject the weld if he considers it to be harmful.
WIS5-90516b
29 BS EN 17637 allows the use of a magnifying glass for visual inspection, but
recommends that the magnification is:
a x2.
b x2 to x5.
c x5 to x10.
d Not greater than x20.
30 The majority of welder qualification tests are carried out using unbacked joints,
because:
a It is quicker and cheaper if back gouging is not required.

b If the welding process is not TIG back purging is not required.
c All welder qualification tests are done on small diameter pipe.
d It requires more skill and increases the welders’ qualification range.
31 Deflection of the arc by magnetic forces that can make welding difficult to control is
commonly known as:
a Arc initiation.
b Arc misalignment.
c Arc blow.
d Arc constriction.
32 Which of the following electrode types is classified to EN ISO 2560?
a E 38 3 R.
b E 6013.
c E 7018 - G.
d E 51 33 B.
33 Which type of electrode is used for stovepipe welding for overland pipeline
construction?
a Rutile.
b Cellulosic.
c High recovery rutile.
d Acid-rutile.
34 The three main types of MMA electrodes used for welding C and C-Mn steels are:
a Basic, cellulosic and rutile.

b Neutral, cellulosic and rutile.
c Basic, cellulosic and neutral.
d Rutile, low hydrogen and basic.
35 A WPS may specify a maximum width for individual weld beads (weave width)
when welding C-Mn steels. If the width is exceeded it may cause:
a Lack of inter-run fusion.

b A reduction in HAZ toughness.
c Lack of sidewall fusion.
d Too low a deposition rate.
WIS5-90516b
36 You notice that MMA electrodes with the flux covering removed are being used as
filler rods for TIG welding. This should not be allowed because:
a It is wasteful.
b The rod diameter may be too large.
c The weld metal composition may be wrong.
d The rod is too short.
37 In TIG welding a current slope-out device reduces:
a Tungsten spatter.
b Risk of crater cracking.
c Risk of arc strikes.
d Interpass temperature.
38 Which type of power source characteristic is normally used for manual welding?
a Constant voltage.
b Flat characteristic.
c Constant current.
d A motor generator.
39 In MMA welding penetration is principally controlled by:
a Arc voltage.
b Welding speed.
c Ferro-silicon in the electrode coating.
d Current.
40 Pipe bores of some materials must be purged with argon before and during TIG
welding to:
a Prevent linear porosity.

b Prevent burn-through.
c Prevent oxidation of the root bead.
d Eliminate moisture pick-up in the root bead.
41 The chemical composition of the weld metal deposited by a C-Mn steel MMA
electrode is usually controlled by:
a Core wire composition.

b Additions in the flux coating.
c Iron powder in the flux coating.
d Dilution from the base material.
42 Silicon is added to steel and the covering of MMA electrodes to:
a Provide deoxidation.
b Improve strength.
c Improve toughness.
d Provide more resistance to hydrogen cracking.
WIS5-90516b
43 A fusible insert for TIG welding helps:
a Reduce porosity.
b Give controlled root penetration.
c Avoid the need for a back purge.
d By acting as a backing for the root run.
44 According to AWS 2.4 a weld symbol for the other side is placed:
a Above the dashed line.

b Below the dashed line.
c Above the solid line.
d Below the solid line.
45 The term low hydrogen electrode is often used for certain electrodes. What type of
covering will they have?
a Cellulosic.
b Rutile.
c Acid.
d Basic.
46 A hydrogen controlled MMA electrode can always be recognised by the:
a EN code letter (or AWS code number).

b Electrode length.
c Trade name.
d Colour of the covering.
47 According to BS EN 22553 which of the following symbols requires weld toes to be

smoothly blended on the other side?
WIS5-90516b
48 Which of the following units is used to express heat input?
a Joules.
b N/mm2.
c J/mm2.
d kJ/mm.
49 Which of the following elements is added to steel to give resistance to creep at

elevated service temperatures?
a Nickel.
b Manganese.
c Molybdenum.
d Aluminium.
50 Nick break and fillet fracture tests are used for assessing:
a Weld quality.
b Weld metal ductility.
c Weld metal toughness.
d Resistance to fracture.
WIS5-90516b
Welding Inspector Level 2: Multiple Choice Questions
Paper 2 - MSR-WI-2a
Name: ………………………………………………………….. Date: ……………………
1 Lack of sidewall fusion:
a Is the most susceptible in double U butt welds.

b Is never found in single V butt welds.
c Is the most susceptible in double V butt welds.
d It is not normally a defect associated with the MMA welding process.
2 Leg length of a fillet weld is:
a The distance from the toe to face.

b The distance from the root to face centre.
c The distance from the root to the toe.
d It’s 0.7 of the design throat thickness.
3 Throat thickness of a fillet weld (equal leg lengths) is:
a The distance from the toe to the face.

b The distance from the root to the face centre.
c The distance from the root to the toe.
d The distance from toe to toe.
4 Compound welds:
a Always contain full penetration butt welds.

b Joints which have combinations of welds made by different welding
processes.
c Combinations between two different weld types.
d All of the above.
5 A duty not normally undertaken by a welding inspector is to:
a Check the condition of the parent material.

b Check the condition of the consumables.
c Measure residual stress.
d Check calibration certificates.
6 Crater pipe:
a Is another term for concave root.

b Is another term given for a burn through.
c Is a type of gas pore, found in the weld crater.
d Is a shrinkage defect, found in the weld crater.
7 Fillet welds:
a The strength is primarily controlled by the leg length.

b The strength is primarily controlled by the design throat thickness.
c The strength is primarily controlled by the actual throat thickness.
d Both a and b.
WIS5-90516b
8 Non planar defects:
a Are always repaired.

b Their existence will result in the removal of the entire weld.
c They are not usually as significant as planar defects.
d They can only be detected using radiography.
9 Welding Inspectors:
a Should measure voltage as close to the welding arc as possible.

b Should measure voltage anywhere along the welding cable.
c Should always take the voltage reading from the voltmeter on the welding
plant.
d Don’t normally take voltage readings, this is normally conducted by the
welder.
10 Welding inspectors:
a Normally supervise welders.

b Are normally requested to write welding procedures.
c Are sometimes requested to qualify welders.
d All of the above.
11 Burn through:
a Maybe caused by the root gap being too small.

b Maybe caused by the travel speed being too fast.
c Maybe caused by the welding current being too high.
d All of the above.
12 In an arc welding process, which of the following is the correct term used for the
amount of weld metal deposited per minute?
a Filling rate.
b Deposition rate.
c Weld deposition.
d Weld duty cycle.
13 When carrying out visual inspection from this list, which defect is most likely to be
missed?
a Linear misalignment.
b Cap undercut.
c Clustered porosity.
d Cold lap.
14 The throat thickness of 19mm fillet weld is?
a 27.5mm.
b 24mm.
c 13.3mm.
d 12.5mm.
WIS5-90516b
15 Pre-heat for steel will increase if:
a The material thickness reduces.

b Faster welding speeds.
c The use of a larger welding electrode.
d A reduction in carbon content in the parent material.
16 Which of the following butt weld preparations is most likely to be considered for the
welding of a 6mm thick plate?
a Double V butt.
b Asymmetrical double V butt.
c Single U butt.
d Single V butt.
17 A welding inspectors main attributes include:
a Knowledge.
b Honesty and integrity.
c Good communicator.
d All of the above.
18 What is the maximum allowable linear misalignment for 8mm material if the code
states the following, ‘Linear misalignment is permissible if the maximum dimension
does not exceed 10% of t up to a maximum of 2mm’?
a 0.8mm.
b 2mm.
c 8mm.
d None of the above, insufficient information provided.
19 When conducting a visual inspection on a butt weld you notice an excessive

chevron shaped cap ripple. This may indicate which of the following?
a Incorrect electrode.
b Excessive travel speed.
c Incorrect pre-heat applied.
d That the welding has been carried out in the PF welding position.
20 Toe blending is generally carried out:
a To reduce the possibility of fatigue failure.

b To improve the toughness of the welded joint.
c To increase the Ultimate Tensile Strength of the welded joint.
d All of the above.
21 Arc strikes:
a When associated with a welded joint may lead to hardening of the parent
material.
b When associated with a welded joint may lead to cracking.
c When associated with a welded joint may cause a reduction in parent
material thickness.
d All of the above.
WIS5-90516b
22 Defects:
a Lack of inter run fusion would be considered more serious than answer c.
b Slag inclusions would be considered more serious than answer a.
c Lack of fusion (surface breaking) would be considered more serious than
answer a.
d Both answer a and c would be considered to have the same seriousness as
they are both lack of fusion defects.
23 ISO 17637:
a The minimum light illumination required for visual inspection is 350 Lux.
b The minimum light illumination required for visual inspection is 500 Lux.
c The minimum light illumination required for visual inspection is 600 Lux at
not less than 30o.
d Doesn’t specify any viewing conditions for visual inspection.
24 Flux cored wires may be advantageous over solid wires because:
a Higher deposition.
b Lower hydrogen contents in the deposited welds.
c Easy addition of alloying elements.
d Both a and c.
25 Movement of the arc by magnetic forces in an arc welding process is termed:
a Arc deviation.
b Arc misalignment.
c Arc blow.
d Stray arc.
26 A crack type most associated with the submerged arc welding process is:
a Hydrogen cracking in the HAZ.

b Solidification cracking.
c Lamellar tearing.
d Fatigue cracking.
27 MMA welding process:
a Uses a constant voltage.

b Uses a flat characteristic.
c Uses a drooping characteristic.
d Uses both a and b.
28 Which of the following electrodes and current types may be used for the TIG
welding of nickel and its alloys?
a Cerium electrode, DC –ve.

b Zirconium electrode, AC.
c Thorium electrode, DC +ve.
d All of the above may be used.
WIS5-90516b
29 Travel speed:
a If too fast may cause low toughness, slag inclusions and cap undercut.
b If too fast may cause high hardness, slag inclusions and a narrow thin weld
bead.
c If too slow may cause high hardness, excessive deposition and cold laps.
30 MMA welding process:
a Arc blow can be reduced or eliminated by a change from AC to DC current.

b Arc blow can be reduced or eliminated by a change from DC to AC current.
c Arc blow can be reduced or eliminated by a change from DC +ve to DC –ve.
d Arc blow can be reduced or eliminated by a change from DC –ve to DC +ve
31 When considering the tungsten arc welding process what is the purpose of the
down-slope (slope-out) control?
a Ensure good penetration.

b To prevent arc striking on the parent material.
c To help prevent the formation of crater pipe and possible cracking.
d To help prevent tungsten inclusions during welding.
32 Thermal cutting:
a Local hardening can be reduced by increasing the cutting speed.

b Local hardening can be reduced by the use of propane as a fuel gas.
c Local hardening can be reduced by pre heating the material to be cut.
d All of the above.
33 In a MMA welding process, which of the following statements is true?
a An arc gap, which remains almost constant even if the welder varies the
position of the electrode.
b A voltage, which remains almost constant even if the welder, varies the arc
gap.
c A current, which remains almost constant even if the welder, varies the arc
gap.
d Both a and b.
34 When considering the MIG/MAG welding process which of the following metal
transfer modes would be the most suited to the welding of thick plates over 25mm,
flat welding position?
a Dip transfer.
b Pulse transfer.
c Spray transfer.
d Globular transfer.
35 TIG welding process:
a For the welding of aluminium a DC –ve current is preferred.

b For the welding of aluminium a DC +ve current is preferred.
c For the welding of aluminium an AC is preferred.
d All of the above.
WIS5-90516b
36 Which of the following statements is false?
a In the MMA welding process AC current produces the deepest penetration.

b DC electrode positive is used for the MAG welding of steel plate.
c In the MAG welding process the wire feed speed remains constant during the
welding operation.
d All of the above.
37 When considering hydrogen, which of the following welding processes would

produce the lowest levels in the completed weld? (under controlled conditions)
a MMA.
b SAW.
c TIG.
d FCAW.
38 In steel the element with the greatest effect on hardness is:
a Chromium.
b Manganese.
c Carbon.
d Nickel.
39 For a given voltage and current settings on a MMA welding plant, when the arc
length is shortened, which of the following will be most affected?
a The current will increase.

b The current will decrease.
c The voltage will decrease.
d The voltage will increase.
40 Which of the following best describes a semi-automatic welding process?
a The welder is responsible for maintaining the arc gap and travel speed.
b The welder is responsible for travel speed only arc gap is kept constant by the
welding plant.
c Both travel speed and arc gap is controlled by the welding plant.
d All of the above.
41 When calibrating a mechanised MAG welding plant, which of the following applies?
(WFS = Wire feed speed)
a Check – WFS, current, volts and wire diameter.

b Check – WFS, joint set-up and gas flow rate.
c Check – Gas flow rate, stick out length, WFS and current.
d All of the above.
42 Which of the following fillet welded T Joints would have the highest resistance to
fatigue fractures, assuming material, welding process, filler material to be the
same?
a A convex fillet weld throat thickness 10mm.

b A mitre fillet weld throat thickness 8mm.
c A concave fillet weld throat thickness 8mm.
d Both a and b (throat thicknesses dimension the same).
WIS5-90516b
43 MAG welding process:
a 1.2KJ/mm would be a typical heat input value.

b 12KJ/mm would be a typical heat input value.
c 1.2Jouls/mm would be a typical heat input value.
d 6.5KJ/mm would be a typical heat input value.
44 During visual inspection of a fillet weld with even leg lengths of 15mm, the throat
thickness is measured at 8.5mm, what is the fillet welds profile?
a Convex.
b Mitre.
c Concave.
d Both a and b are correct.
45 Which of the following welding parameters are the most difficult to control during
the welding operation using a manual arc welding process?
a Travel speed.
b Deposition rate.
c Current.
d Arc length.
46 Brittle fractures:
a The susceptibility in steels will increase with the formation of a fine grain
structure.
b The susceptibility in steels will increase with a reduction in the in-service
temperature to sub-zero conditions.
c The susceptibility in steels will increase with a slow cooling rate.
d All of the above.
47 Which of the following are considerations for the selection of a preheat

temperature?
a Carbon equivalent, joint design, welding process and plate material quality.
b All Joints over 25mm thick, hydrogen levels, welding process, carbon
equivalent.
c Arc energy, material thickness, hydrogen scale and carbon equivalent.
d All of the above are considerations for the selection of a preheat temperature.
48 Mechanical testing:
a Toughness can be measured with a macro test.

b Toughness can be measured with a nick break test.
c Toughness can be measured with a tensile test.
d Toughness can be measured with a charpy V notch test.
49 Welds made with high heat inputs on C/Mn steels, show a reduction in one of the
following properties?
a Ductility.
b Toughness.
c Elongation.
d Penetration.
WIS5-90516b
50 Which of the following elements, which may be added to steel, has the greatest
effect on creep strength?
a Tungsten.
b Manganese.
c Carbon.
d Molybdenum.
WIS5-90516b
Paper 3 - MSR-WI-3a
Name: ………………………………………………………….. Date: ……………………
1 Which of the following steels is considered non-magnetic?
a 18%Cr, 8%Ni.
b 2.25Cr 1Mo.
c 9%Cr,1Mo.
d 9%Ni.
2 Weld spatter during MMA welding is most likely to be caused by:
a Excessive current.
b Incorrect baking and storage of electrodes.
c Bad batch of electrodes.
d Too low an OCV.
3 A qualified Welding Procedure Specification is used to:
a Give instruction to the welder.

b Give information to the welding inspector.
c Give confidence that welds will have the specified properties.
d All of the above.
4 An arc strike (stray flash) on a steel component is regarded by some codes as

unacceptable because:
a It will cause copper contamination.

b It may cause hard spots.
c It may give cracking.
d Both b and c.
5 In a transverse tensile test brittleness would be indicated if:
a There is a reduction in cross-section at the position of fracture.

b The fracture surface is flat and featureless but has a rough surface.
c Fracture occurred in the weld metal.
d The fracture face shows beach marks.
6 The surface of a fatigue crack will:
a Be rough and torn.

b Have sharp chevron markings.
c Be smooth.
d Have shear lips.
7 What does the number 141 refer to on this drawing?
a WPS number.
b Welding process.
141
c Filler material.
d Acceptance standard.
WIS5-90516b
8 The current/polarity used for TIG welding all materials except aluminium and
magnesium is:
a DC negative.
b DC positive.
c AC.
d Square wave AC.
9 A typical temperature range for baking basic coated electrodes is:
a 150-200°C.
b 200-250°C.
c 300-350°C.
d 400-450°C.
10 If welding travel speed is doubled but the current and voltage remain the same the
heat input will be:
a Reduced by 50%.
b Increased by a factor of two.
c About the same.
d Reduced by approximately 25%.
11 Which type of submerged arc welding flux is susceptible to moisture pick-up?
a Neutral.
b Agglomerated.
c Fused.
d All about the same.
12 A large grain size in the HAZ of a C-Mn steel weld joint may have:
a Low ductility.
b Low toughness.
c High toughness.
d High tensile strength.
13 A STRA test is used to measure the:
a Tensile strength of the welded joint.

b Level of residual stress in butt joints.
c Fracture toughness of the HAZ.
d Through-thickness ductility of a steel plate (the Z direction).
14 The risk of hydrogen cracking is greater when MMA welding:
a C-Mn steels.
b Austenitic stainless steel.
c Low alloy steels for elevated temperature service.
d Low carbon steels for cryogenical service.
15 The property of a material which has the greatest influence on welding distortion is
its:
a Yield strength.
b Coefficient of thermal expansion.
c Elastic modulus.
d Coefficient of thermal conductivity.
WIS5-90516b
16 Which of the following is a suitable shielding gas for FCAW of stainless steels?
a 100% argon.
b 70% argon + 30%He.
c Argon + 5% hydrogen.
d Argon + 20% CO2.
17 The presence of iron sulphides in a weld bead may cause:
a Solidification cracking.
b Hydrogen cracking.
c Lamellar tearing.
d Weld decay.
18 A macrosection is particularly good for showing:
a The weld metal HAZ microstructure.

b Overlap.
c Joint hardness.
d Spatter.
19 Which of the following procedures would be expected to produce the least

distortion in a 15mm straight butt weld?
a TIG weld, single-sided, multi-pass.

b MMA weld, single-sided, multi-pass.
c MMA weld, double-sided, multi-pass.
d SAW weld, 1 pass per side.
20 A suitable gas/gas mixture for GMAW of aluminium is:
a 100%CO2.
b 100% Argon.
c 80% argon + 20% CO2.
d 98% argon + 2% O2.
21 Which of the following is associated with SAW more often than it is with MMA
welds?
a Hydrogen cracking in the HAZ.

b Solidification cracking in the weld metal.
c Reheat cracking during PWHT.
d Lamellar tearing.
22 EN ISO 5817 (Level C) specifies that the limit for the diameter (D) of a single pore
in a weld is:
D ≤ 0.3s, but max.4mm where s = material thickness.

For which of the following situations is the pore acceptable?
a s = 20mm, measured pore diameter = 5mm.

b s = 15mm, measured pore diameter = 4.5mm.
c s = 10mm, measured pore diameter = 3mm.
d s = 10mm, measured pore diameter = 3.5mm.
WIS5-90516b
23 To measure arc voltage accurately it is recommended that the voltmeter should be
connected:
a Across the arc and as near as practical to the arc.

b Across the power source terminals prior to arc initiation.
c Across the power source terminals during the welding operation.
d Anywhere in the circuit.
24 Lamellar tearing has occurred in a steel fabrication. What technique could have
been used to find it before the weld was made?
a X-ray examination.
b Liquid penetrant examination.
c Ultrasonic examination.
d It could not have been found by any inspection method.
25 Preheating a low alloy steel prior to welding will minimise the risk of:
a Porosity.
b Excessive distortion.
c HAZ cracking.
d Lack of fusion.
26 Typical temperatures used for normalising a C-Mn steel plate are:
a 600-650°C.
b 1000-1100°C.
c 700-800°C.
d 880-920°C.
27 For GMAW the burn-off rate of the wire is directly related to:
a Stick out length.

b Wire feed speed.
c Arc voltage.
d Travel speed.
28 When MMA welding a 60mm wall nozzle to a 100mm wall vessel shell, preheat
temperature should be checked:
a Before welding starts/re-starts.

b On the shell and nozzle.
c At points at least 75mm from the joint edge.
d All of the above.
29 A crack running along the centreline of a weld bead could be caused by:
a Use of damp flux.

b Lack of preheat.
c Arc voltage too high.
d Weld bead too deep and very narrow.
WIS5-90516b
30 To improve resistance to service failure caused by cyclic loading, it is good practice
to:
a Use low heat input welding.

b Use steel with a low CEV.
c Ensure there are no features that give high stress concentration.
d PWHT the fabrication.
31 The use of low carbon austenitic stainless steels and stabiliser stainless steels will
minimise the risk of:
a HAZ cracking.
b Weld decay.
c Weld metal cracking.
d Distortion.
32 Which type of SAW flux is susceptible to breaking down into fine particles during
circulation?
a Fused.
b Neutral.
c Alloyed.
d Agglomerated.
33 The maximum hardness in the HAZ of a steel will increase if:
a Heat input is increased.

b CEV is increased.
c Joint thickness is decreased.
d Basic electrodes are used.
34 BS EN ISO 5817 (Level B) specifies the limit for excess weld metal (h) on a butt
weld as:
h ≤ 1mm + 0.1b, but max. 5mm, b = weld width.

In which of the following situations is the measured excess weld metal acceptable.
a b = 10 measured excess weld metal = 2.5mm.

b b = 20 measured excess weld metal = 3.5mm.
c b = 35 measured excess weld metal = 4.5mm.
d b = 45 measured excess weld metal = 5.5mm.
35 A C-Mn steel is being welded by MMA and the electrode run-out lengths that have
been used are much shorter than specified by the WPS. This deviation may give:
a Increased risk of hydrogen cracking.

b Increased risk of solidification cracking.
c Lower values of HAZ toughness.
d Higher values of HAZ hardness.
36 The first procedure prepared for a Weld Procedure Qualification test weld is a:
a pWPS.
b WPS.
c WPQR.
d WPAR.
WIS5-90516b
37 Transfer of material identification by hard stamping is sometimes not allowed for
high integrity applications because it:
a Is too slow.
b Can be a safety hazard.
c May damage the material.
d Causes problems with coating operations.
38 When welding thin plate distortion can be minimised by:
a Welding from both sides.

b Using U preparations rather than V types.
c Using strongbacks.
d Using back-step welding.
39 Which of the following would be considered to be high heat input welding?
a 550J/mm.
b 55J/mm.
c 5.5J/mm.
d 5kJ/mm.
40 Initiation of a TIG arc using a high frequency spark may not be allowed because it:
a Often causes tungsten inclusions.

b Can damage electronic equipment.
c Is an electrical safety hazard.
d Often causes stop/start porosity.
41 Which of these drawing symbols shows weld penetration depth in accordance with
BS EN 22553?
10s
a
10s
s10
10s
c
s10
d
WIS5-90516b
42 BS EN 288 and BS EN ISO 15614 are specifications for:
a Welder approval testing.

b Welding equipment calibration.
c Welding procedure approval.
d Consumables for submerged arc welding.
43 What determines the penetrating power of gamma rays?
a Time.
b Type of isotope.
c Source-to-film distance.
d Source strength.
44 Which element has the greatest effect on the HAZ hardness of C-Mn steel?
a Molybdenum.
b Chromium.
c Titanium.
d Carbon.
45 Preheating a steel plate with a carbon equivalent value (CEV) of 0.48 may be
required to:
a Drive moisture from the plate.

b Prevent excessive hardening in the HAZ.
c Prevent the formation of carbides.
d Improve the mechanical properties of the weld metal.
46 A welder approval certificate should be withdrawn if:
a He has not done any welding for four months.

b He has been absent from work for seven months.
c The repair rate for his welds exceeds 1%.
d His work has been examined by UT only.
47 In friction welding, the metal at the interface when the joining occurs is described
as being in the:
a Liquid state.
b Intercritical state.
c Plastic state.
d Elastic state.
48 A penetrameter (IQI) is used to measure the:
a Size of discontinuity in a weld joint.

b Density of a radiographic film.
c Degree of film contrast.
d Quality of the radiographic technique.
49 Which of the following cutting methods is suitable for cutting stainless steel?
a Plasma.
b Oxy-acetylene.
c Oxy-propane.
d It depends upon the thickness.
WIS5-90516b
50 Which of the following would be classed as the most serious type of defect?
a A buried linear slag inclusion.

b Buried lack of inter-run fusion.
c Surface-breaking lack of sidewall fusion.
d Surface porosity.
WIS5-90516b
Paper 4 - MSR-WI-4a
Name: …………………….…………………………………….. Date: ……………………
1 What four criteria are necessary to produce hydrogen induced cold cracking?
a Hydrogen, moisture, martensitic grain structure and heat.

b Hydrogen, poor weld profiles, temperatures above 200oC and a slow cooling
rate.
c Hydrogen, a grain structure susceptible to cracking, stress and a temperature
below 300oC.
d Hydrogen, existing weld defects, stress and a grain structure susceptible to
cracking.
2 In which of the following mechanical tests would show a change in the material
from ductile to brittle with the use of a transition curve?
a Tensile test.
b Charpy test.
c Fusion zone test.
d All of the above.
3 Normalising:
a Fast cooling from the austenite region when applied to steels.

b Is slowly cooled from the austenite region to approximately 680oC and then
cooled down in air.
c Is slowly cooled down in air from below the lower critical limit.
4 Assuming that the welding process, material thickness, carbon equivalent and the
welding parameters to be the same, which of the following joint types would
normally require the highest preheat temperature?
a Edge joint.
b Lap joint.
c Butt joint (single V).
d T joint
5 Austenitic stainless steels are more susceptible to distortion when compared to

ferritic steels this is because:
a High coefficient of thermal expansion, low thermal conductivity.

b High coefficient of thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity.
c Low coefficient of thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity.
d Low coefficient thermal expansion, low thermal conductivity,
6 Preheat temperature:
a May be increased by an increase in travel speed.

b May be increased by a reduction in material thickness.
c May be increased by an increase in electrode diameter.
WIS5-90516b
7 Which of the following properties may be applicable to a carbon steel weld (CE
0.48) welded with a fast travel speed without preheat?
a Narrow heat affected zone and hardness value in excess of 350 HV.
b Broad heat affected zone and hardness values in excess of 350 HV.
c A very tough and narrow heat affected zone.
d Narrow heat affected zone and low hardness values.
8 Which of the following test pieces taken from a charpy test on a carbon-manganese
steel weld, welded with a high heat input is most likely to have the lowest
toughness?
a Test piece taken from parent metal.

b Test piece taken from weld metal.
c Test piece taken from HAZ.
d All of the above values will be the same.
9 Which is the correct arc energy for the following parameters, amps 350, volts 32
and the travel speed 310 mm/minute (MMA welding process)?
a 2.16 kJ/mm.
b 0.036 kJ/mm.
c 21.60 kJ/mm.
d 3.6 kJ/mm.
10 A multi-pass MMA butt weld made on carbon steel consists of 5 passes deposited
using a 6mm diameter electrode. A 12-pass weld made on the same joint
deposited using a 4mm diameter electrode on the same material will have:
a A lower heat input and a higher degree of grain refinement.

b A lower heat input and a coarse grain structure.
c A lower amount of distortion and a higher degree of grain refinement.
d A higher amount of distortion and a lower degree of grain refinement.
11 Transverse tensile test:
a Is used to measure the ultimate tensile strength of the joint.

b Is used to measure the elongation of a material.
c Is used to measure the yield strength of a material.
d All of the above.
12 Mechanical tests:
a Tensile tests are used to provide a quantitative measurement of weld zone

ductility.
b Bend tests are used to provide a quantitative measurement of weld zone
ductility.
c VPN tests are used to provide a qualitative measurement of weld zone
ductility.
d All of the above could be used to provide a quantitative measurement of weld
zone ductility.
WIS5-90516b
13 Bend tests:
a On a 25mm thick carbon steel butt weld a side bend would be the best for the
detection of lack of inter-run fusion.
b On a 25mm thick carbon steel butt weld a face bend would be the best for
the detection of lack of inter-run fusion.
c On a 25mm thick carbon steel butt weld a root bend would be the best for
the detection of lack of inter-run fusion.
d On a 25mm thick carbon steel butt weld a Longitudinal bend would be the
best for the detection of lack of inter-run fusion.
14 EN 287 standard refers to what:
a Welder approval.
b Welding procedure approval.
c Visual Inspection of fusion welds.
d Welding Inspection Personnel.
15 EN 2560 standard refers to which of the following?
a Welding terms and symbols.

b Covered electrodes for MMA.
c Filler wires for MIG/MAG and TIG.
d SAW Flux.
16 The main reason for qualifying a welding procedure is:
a Determine the welder’s ability.

b Check whether the acceptance criteria specific to the project can be met.
c To show that the fabricator has good welding control.
d To show the welded joints meet the requirements of the specification.
17 Degreasing agents used on components are essential for quality welding, during
and after welding some agents may:
a Cause corrosion problems.

b Leave residues.
c Give off toxic gases.
d All of the above.
18 In the welding of austenitic stainless steels, the electrode and plate materials are
often specified to be low carbon content. The reason for this:
a To prevent the formation of cracks in the HAZ.

b To prevent the formation of chromium carbides.
c To prevent cracking in the weld.
d Minimise distortion.
19 Essential variable:
a In a WPS may change the properties of the weld.

b In a WPS may influence the visual acceptance.
c In a WPS may require re-approval of a weld procedure.
d All of the above.
WIS5-90516b
20 NDT:
a MPI can only detect surface breaking defects.

b DPI can only detect surface breaking defects.
c UT can only detect surface breaking defects.
d Both a and b are correct statements.
21 Radiographic testing:
a On a radiograph, slag inclusions and copper inclusion would both show up as

light indications.
b On a radiograph, tungsten inclusions and excessive root penetration would
both show up as light indications.
c On a radiograph, cap undercut and root piping would both show up as light
indications.
d On a radiograph, excessive cap height and incomplete root penetration would
both show up as dark indications.
22 Lamellar tearing:
a Can be prevented by the use of plate materials containing low levels of

impurities.
b Can be prevented by the use of buttering runs.
c Is best prevented by post weld stress relief.
d Both a and b are correct.
23 When considering radiography using X-ray, which of the following techniques is

most likely to be used for a pipe to pipe weld (circumferential seam), 610mm
diameter with no internal access?
a SWSI.
b DWSI.
c DWDI.
d SWSI-panoramic.
24 Balanced welding techniques:
a Are used for controlling lamellar tearing.

b Are used to increasing weld toughness.
c Are used to reduce weld zone hardness.
d Are used to reduce distortion.
a On a radiograph lack of root fusion would most likely show up as a dark

straight line with a light root.
b On a radiograph lack of root fusion would most likely show up as a dark root
with straight edges.
c On a radiograph lack of root fusion would most likely show up as a dark
uneven line following the edge of the root.
d Lack of root fusion cannot be seen on a radiograph.
WIS5-90516b
26 Is it permissible to allow a multi-pass butt weld to cool down between weld passes?
a It should be up to the welding inspector.

b No the weld must be kept hot at all times.
c It depends on the welder.
d It depends on the specification requirements.
27 A T joint on a support bracket is to be welded both sides using a 5mm leg length
fillet weld, each weld is to be intermittent 50mm in total length, the gap between
each weld is to be 25mm. Which of the following is the correct symbol in
accordance with ISO 2553?
z5 5 x 50 (25) z5 50 (25)
a b
z5 5 x 50 (25) z5 50 (25)
z5 25 (50) 5 x 50 (25)
c d
z5 25 (50) 5 x 50 (25)
28 SAW welding process:
a The use of excessive voltages would result in insufficient flux melting.

b The use of excessive voltages would result in excessive flux melting.
c The use of excessive voltages would result in easy slag removal.
d The use of excessive voltages would result in excessive spatter.
29 Cellulose electrodes have which of the following properties?
a Viscous slag, large volumes of shielding gas and UTS values above 90,000psi.
b Large volumes of shielding gas, high spatter contents and hydrogen levels <
15ml per 100g of weld metal deposited.
c Large volumes of shielding gas, hydrogen contents > 15ml per 100g of weld
metal deposited and should be never baked.
d High spatter contents, high deposition and large volumes of gas shield.
30 EN 2560, E50 3 1Ni B 2 1 H5, what does the 3 represent?
a A minimum charpy value of 30 joules.

b A maximum impact value of 47 joules.
c A minimum impact temperature of –30oC at a given joule value.
WIS5-90516b
31 Fatigue cracks:
a The fracture surface is rough and randomly torn.

b The fracture surface is smooth.
c The fracture surface has a step like appearance.
d The fracture surface is generally of a bright crystalline appearance.
32 E 6013:
a Would most probably be used for welding low pressure pipework.

b Would most probably be used for welding high pressure pipework.
c Are used in the vertical down welding position on storage tanks.
d Are used in a situation where low hydrogen welds are specified.
33 Which element in steel if present in significant amounts may lead to hot shortness?
a Phosphorus (P).
b Manganese (Mn).
c Silicon (Si).
d Sulphur (S).
34 Which of the following welding processes are commonly used for the welding of
Aluminium?
a MIG and TIG.

b MAG and TIG.
c MMA and TIG.
d MMA and MIG.
a Is most suited to the detection of volumetric flaws.

b Is most suited to the detection of all planar flaws.
c Both a and b.
d Is most suited to the detection of laminations in rolled plate materials.
36 Which of the following Isotopes may be used for a 25mm thick steel pipe to pipe
weld DWSI (In accordance with EN 1435)?
a Ir 192.
b Co 60.
c ALR 75.
d Yb 169.
37 Increasing the carbon content of a steel will:
a Increase the hardness and toughness.

b Decrease the hardness and toughness.
c Increase hardness, decrease toughness.
d Decrease hardness, increase toughness.
38 Which of the following can be used to reduce the chances of solidification cracking?
a The use of a non-fluxed welding process and better quality materials.

b The use of better quality materials and the highest heat input process.
c The use of a low dilution process and wider joint preparation.
d The addition of silicon and a low hydrogen welding process.
WIS5-90516b
39 In an all weld metal tensile test, the original test specimens gauge length is 50mm.
After testing the gauge length increased to 72mm, what is the elongation
percentage?
a 44%.
b 144%.
c 69.4%.
d 2.27%.
40 Fillet welds:
a 1 to 1 is the ratio between the leg length and design throat thickness on a
mitre fillet weld with equal leg lengths.
b 2 to 1 is the ratio between the leg length and design throat thickness on a
c 1.4 to 1 is the ratio between the leg length and design throat thickness on a
d All of the above could be applicable it depends upon the leg length size.
41 The toughness and yield strength of steel is reduced by:
a Reducing the grain size.

b Increasing the heat input.
c Reducing the heat input.
d Both a and b.
42 How can you tell the difference between an EN/ISO weld symbol and an AWS weld
symbol?
a The EN weld symbol will always have the arrow side weld at the top of the
reference line.
b The EN symbol has the elementary symbol placed on the indication line lying
above or below the reference line to indicate a weld on the other side.
c The EN symbol has the elementary symbol placed on the indication line lying
above or below the reference line to indicate a weld on the arrow side.
d The EN symbol has a fillet weld throat thickness identified by the letter z.
43 E7018:
a Is a basic low hydrogen electrode containing iron powder.

b Is a rutile electrode containing iron powder.
c Is a cellulose electrode suitable for welding in all positions.
d Is a basic electrode depositing weld metal yield strength of at least
70,000psi.
44 Ductile fracture:
a Would have a rough randomly torn fracture surface and a reduction in area.
b Would have a smooth fracture surface displaying beach marks.
c Would have a step like appearance.
d Would have a bright crystalline fracture surface with very little reduction in
area.
WIS5-90516b
45 Which of the following under typical conditions using the MMA welding process
would give the deepest penetration?
a DC –ve.
b DC +ve.
c AC.
d Both a and b.
46 Cold shortness:
a Is mainly caused by the presence of sulphur (S).

b Is mainly caused by the presence of phosphorous (P).
c Is mainly caused by the presence of manganese (Mn).
d Is mainly caused by the presence of silicon (Si).
47 When considering the advantages of site radiography over conventional ultrasonic

inspection which of the following applies?
a A permanent record, good for detecting lamellar tearing and defect

identification.
b A permanent record produced, good for the detection of all surface and sub-
surface defects and assessing the through thickness depths of defects.
c Permanent record produced, good for defect identification and not as reliant
upon surface preparation.
d No controlled areas required on site, a permanent record produced and good
for assessing pipe wall thickness reductions due to internal corrosion.
48 HICC:
a In Carbon Manganese steel is most susceptible in the weld zone.

b Micro alloyed steel (HSLA) is most susceptible in the weld zone.
c Austenitic steel is most susceptible in the weld zone.
d Both a and b are correct statements.
49 Lamellar tearing:
a Is a product defect caused during the manufacturing of certain steels.

b Is a crack type, which occurs in the parent material due to welding strains
acting in the short transverse direction of the parent material.
c Is a type of hot crack associated with impurities (sulphur, carbon and
phosphorous).
d Is a type of crack that occurs in the weld or parent material due to cyclic
stresses.
50 A welding process where the welding plant controls the travel speed and the arc
gap but under constant supervision using a shielding gas mixture of 80% argon –
20% carbon dioxide is termed:
a A manual MAG process.

b A semi-automatic MAG process.
c A mechanised MIG process.
d A mechanised MAG process
WIS5-90516b
Appendix 2
Plate Reports and Questions

CSWIP 3.1 Training Questions for Plate Butt Weld 1
Answers to be indicated on the Candidate Answer Template.
Weld Face
1 Maximum excess weld metal height (highest individual point measured): Which
answer best matches your assessment and would you accept or reject your findings
to the given acceptance levels?
a Equal to or less than 0mm.

b 1-4mm.
c 5-6mm.
d 7-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
2 Incomplete fill: Which answer best matches your assessment of the total
accumulative length and would you accept or reject your findings to the given
acceptance levels?
a None observed.
b 50-75mm.
c 10-30mm.
d 80-110mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
3 Slag inclusions: Which answer best matches your assessment of the total
acceptance levels?
a 50-65mm.
b 22-35mm.
c None observed.
d 8-18mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
4 Undercut: Which answer best matches your assessment of the imperfection and
would you accept or reject your findings to the given acceptance levels?
a Smooth intermittent.
b Sharp but less than 1mm deep.
c None observed.
d Sharp but more than 1mm deep.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Appendix 2 – Plate Reports and Questions A2-1 Copyright © TWI Ltd
5 Crater pipes in the weld: Which answer best matches your assessment of the total
accumulative area and would you accept or reject your findings to the given
acceptance levels?
a The area is between 10-15mm2.

b The pore is greater than 1mm dia.
c None observed.
d The pore is less than 1mm dia.
e Accept.
f Reject.
6 Cracks: Which answer best matches your assessment of the total accumulative
length and would you accept or reject your findings to the given acceptance levels?
a 2-3mm transverse crack.

b 15mm longitudinal crack.
c None observed.
d 9-14mm longitudinal crack.
e Accept.
f Reject.
7 Lack of fusion: Which answer best matches your assessment of the total
acceptance levels?
a 70-90mm.
b 30-60mm.
c None observed.
d 5-10mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
8 Arc strikes: Which answer best matches your assessment of the total number and
a 3 areas.
b 4 areas.
c None observed.
d 1 area.
e Accept.
f Reject.
9 Sharp indications of mechanical damage (excluding hard stamping and pop marks):
Which answer best matches your assessment of the total number of areas and would
you accept or reject your findings to the given acceptance levels.
a 4 areas.
b 1 area.
c None observed.
d 3 areas.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Weld Root
10 Misalignment: Which answer best matches your assessment of the maximum value
and would you accept or reject your findings to the given acceptance levels?
a 1-2mm.
b 3-4mm.
c None observed.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
11 Root penetration height (highest individual point measured): Which answer best
matches your assessment and would you accept or reject your findings to the given
acceptance levels?
a 3-5mm.
b 1-2mm.
c None.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
12 Lack of root penetration: Which answer best matches your assessment of the
accumulative total and would you accept or reject your findings to the given
acceptance levels?
a 35-40mm.
b 20-25mm.
c None observed.
d 1-10mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
13 Lack of root fusion: Which answer best matches your assessment of the accumulative
total length and would you accept or reject your findings to the given acceptance
levels?
a 28-35mm.
b 1-10mm.
c None observed.
d 15-23mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
14 Root concavity or root shrinkage: Which answer best matches your assessment of
the accumulative total length and would you accept or reject your findings to the
given acceptance levels?
a 31-39mm.
b 18-22mm.
c None observed.
d 40-60mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
15 Root undercut: Which answer best matches your assessment of the accumulative
levels?
a 15-30mm.
b 5-8mm.
c None observed.
d 1-2mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
16 Cracks in the root: Which answer best matches your assessment of the accumulative
levels?
a 10-17mm.
b 1-4mm.
c None observed.
d 5-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
17 Sharp indications of mechanical damage in the root area weld and parent material
(excluding hard stamping): Which answer best matches your assessment of the
accumulative total and would you accept or reject you findings to the given
acceptance levels?
a 2 items observed.
b 1 item observed.
c None observed.
d 3 or more.
e Accept.
f Reject.
18 Crater pipes in the weld root area: Which answer best matches your assessment of
the total accumalitive areas and would you accept or reject your findings to the given
acceptance levels?
a Individual pore diameter between 1-2mm.

b Individual pore diameter between 2-3mm.
c None observed.
d Individual pore diameter greater than 3mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
19 Burn-through in the root area: Which answer best matches your assessment of the
total number of areas and would you accept or reject your findings to the given
acceptance levels?
a 1 area.
b 2 areas.
c None observed.
d 3 areas.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
20 Angular distortion: Which answer best matches your assessment and would you
accept or reject your findings to the given acceptance levels (measure from the weld
centreline to the plate edge).
a 3-5mm.
b 6-8mm.
c None observed.
d 1-2mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
WIS5-90516b
WIS5-90516b
RETEST RETEST 10 YR 10 YR CANDIDATE TO FILL ALL BOXES INDICATED IN BLUE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
O O O O O O O O O O O O
INVIGILATOR NAME: INVIGILATOR SIGNATURE:
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
EXAM DATE: EVENT CODE
GENERAL THEORY TECHNOLOGY THEORY
A B C D A B C D A B C D CANDIDATE NAME: CANDIDATE SIGNATURE:
1 1 31
I agree with the terms and conditions of Tick Date of Birth
2 2 32 this examination Box D D M M Y Y
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O A B C D E F
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
O O O O O O O O O O 1
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
7 7 37 BOOKING REFERENCE OFFICE USE ONLY CANDIDATE NUMBER FOR OFFICE USE ONLY
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
Weld Face

b 1-4mm.
c 5-6mm.
d 7-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a None observed.
b 45-80mm.
c 0-40mm.
d 100-120mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 60-70mm.
b 20-30mm.
c None observed.
d 5-18mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 60mm in length.
c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
5 Porosity in the weld: Which answer best matches your assessment of the total
acceptance levels?

b The area is greater than 100mm2.
c None observed.
d The area is between 70-90mm2.
e Accept.
f Reject.

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 35-45mm.
b 15-25mm.
c None observed.
d 5-10mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 3.
b 4.
c None observed.
d 1.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 4 areas.
b 1 area.
c None observed.
d 3 areas.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Weld Root
a 1-2mm.
b 3-4mm.
c 0-1mm.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 4-5mm.
b 2-3mm.
c None.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
accumulative total length and would you accept or reject your findings to the given
acceptance levels?
a 35-40mm.
b 15-25mm.
c None observed.
d 1-10mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 28-35mm.
b 1-10mm.
c None observed.
d 13-20mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
given acceptance levels.
a 31-39mm.
b 18-22mm.
c None observed.
d 40-60mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
levels?
a 15-30mm.
b 5-8mm.
c None observed.
d 1-2mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 10-17mm.
b 1-4mm.
c None observed.
d 5-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
accumulative total number and would you accept or reject your findings to the given
acceptance levels?
a 3 or more items observed.

b 1 item observed.
c None observed.
d 2 items observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
18 Porosity in the weld root area: Which answer best matches your assessment of the
accumulative total area and would you accept or reject your findings to the given
acceptance levels?

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 1 area.
b 2 areas.
c None observed.
d 3 areas.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
accept or reject your findings to the given acceptance levels, measure from the weld
centreline to the plate edge.
a 3-5mm.
b 6-8mm.
c None observed.
d 1-2mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
WIS5-90516b
WIS5-90516b
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
Weld Face

b 1-4mm.
c 5-6mm.
d 7-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a None observed.
b 40-60mm.
c 1-30mm.
d 75-100mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 60-70mm.
b 20-30mm.
c None observed.
d 5-18mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 50mm in length.
c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
acceptance levels?

b The area is greater than 100mm2.
c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 70-90mm.
b 30-60mm.
c None observed.
d 91-100mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 3 total.
b 4 total.
c None observed.
d 1 total.
e Accept.
f Reject.
9 Sharp areas of mechanical damage (excluding hard stamping and pop marks): Which
answer best matches your assessment of the total number of areas and would you
accept or reject your findings to the given acceptance levels.
a More than 2 areas.

b 1 area.
c None observed.
d 2 areas.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Weld Root
a 2-3mm.
b 4-5mm.
c 0-1.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 2-3mm.
b 1-2mm.
c None.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 40-55mm.
b 25-35mm.
c None observed.
d 1-10mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 30-45mm.
b 1-15mm.
c None observed.
d 16-29mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
14 Root concavity or shrinkage: Which answer best matches your assessment of the
acceptance levels.
a 31-39mm.
b 18-22mm.
c None observed.
d 40-60mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
levels?
a 40-60mm.
b 5-8mm.
c None observed.
d 2-4mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 10-17mm.
b 1-4mm.
c None observed.
d 5-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
(excluding hard stamping): Which answer best matches your assessment of the total
number of items and would you accept or reject your findings to the given
acceptance levels?
a 2 observed.
b 1 item observed.
c None observed.
d 3 or more items observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 1.
b 2.
c None observed.
d 3.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
a 3-4mm.
b 5-6mm.
c None observed.
d 1-2mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
WIS5-90516b
WIS5-90516b
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
Weld Face

b 1-4mm.
c 5-6mm.
d 7-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a None observed.
b 30-50mm.
c 1-25mm.
d 100-120mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 12-18mm.
b 8-10mm.
c None observed.
d 2-6mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 10-20mm in length.
c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
acceptance levels?
a The area is between 0.5-5mm2.

b The pore is greater than 45-60mm2.
c None observed.
d The pore is between 20-30mm2.
e Accept.
f Reject.

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 30-39mm.
b 40-55mm.
c None observed.
d 5-10mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 2.
b 3.
c None observed.
d 1.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 4 areas.
b 1-2 areas.
c None observed.
d 3 areas.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Weld Root
a 0.5-1mm.
b 1.5-2mm.
c None observed.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 3-5mm.
b 1-2mm.
c None.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 35-40mm.
b 20-25mm.
c None observed.
d 1-10mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 28-35mm.
b 1-10mm.
c None observed.
d 15-23mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 31-39mm.
b 18-22mm.
c None observed.
d 40-75mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
levels?
a 15-30mm.
b 5-8mm.
c None observed.
d 40-50mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 10-17mm.
b 1-4mm.
c None observed.
d 5-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 2-3 items observed.

b 1 item observed.
c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
accumulative total number of areas and would you accept or reject your findings to
the given acceptance levels?
a 1.
b 2.
c None observed.
d 3.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
20 With refrence to cluster porosity which answer best matches your assessment and
would you accept or reject your findings to the given acceptance levels.
a 20-30mm2.
b 31-40mm2.
c None observed.
d 12-18mm2.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
WIS5-90516b
WIS5-90516b
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
Weld Face
1 Excess weld metal height (highest individual point measured): Which answer best
acceptance levels?

b 1-4mm.
c 5-6mm.
d 7-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a None observed.
b 16-29mm.
c 1-15mm.
d 40-50mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 60-70mm.
b 20-30mm.
c None observed.
d 5-12mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
acceptance levels?
a 1-15mm2.
b Greater than 100mm2.
c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 40-60mm.
b 20-39mm.
c None observed.
d 5-10mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 3.
b 4.
c None observed.
d 1.
e Accept.
f Reject.
9 Sharp areas of mechanical damage (excluding hard stamping and pop marks):
a 4.
b 1-2.
c None observed.
d 3.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Weld Root
a 1-2mm.
b 3-4mm.
c None observed.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 2-3mm.
b 0.5-1.5mm.
c None.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 30-40mm.
b 20-25mm.
c None observed.
d 1-10mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
13 Lack of root fusion: Which answer best matches your assessment of the
acceptance levels?
a 28-40mm.
b 1-10mm.
c None observed.
d 15-23mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels.
a 31-39mm.
b 18-25mm.
c None observed.
d 40-75mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
levels?
a 15-30mm.
b 5-8mm.
c None observed.
d 1-2mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 10-17mm.
b 1-4mm.
c None observed.
d 5-8mm.
e Accept
f Reject.
(excluding hard stamping): Which answer best matches your assessment of the total
number of items and would you accept or reject your findings to the given
acceptance levels?
a 2 items observed.
b 1 item observed.
c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?

b Individual pore diameter between 0-0.5mm.
c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 1.
b 2.
c None observed.
d 3.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
a 2-4mm.
b 6-8mm.
c None observed.
d 0.5-1mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
WIS5-90516b
WIS5-90516b
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
Acceptance levels
Acceptance levels plate and pipe
Defect type macro only
number
Table
Remarks Maximum allowance Remarks
At no point shall the excess weld

metal fall below the outside Excess weld metal will not exceed H = 2mm
Excess weld
1 surface of the parent material. in any area on the parent material, showing As for plate and pipe
metal
All weld runs shall blend smooth transition at weld toes.
smoothly.
Slag inclusions are defined as
non-metallic inclusions trapped The length of the slag inclusion shall not
Slag/silica Slag and silica not
2 in the weld metal or between exceed 50mm continuous or intermittent.
inclusions permitted
the weld metal and the parent Accumulative totals shall not exceed 50mm
material.
No sharp indications Smooth blend required.
Undercut is defined as a grove
The length of any undercut shall not exceed
melted into the parent metal,
50mm continuous or intermittent. No sharp indications
3 Undercut at the toes of the weld excess
Accumulative totals shall not exceed 50mm. Smooth blend required
metal, root or adjacent weld
Max D = 1mm for the cap weld metal.
metal.
Root undercut not permitted.
Trapped gas, in weld metal, Individual pores ≤ 1.5 max.
Cluster porosity not
Porosity or elongated, individual pores, Cluster porosity maximum 502mm total area.
4 permitted. Individual
Gas Cavities cluster porosity, piping or Elongated, piping or wormholes
pores acceptable.
wormhole porosity. 15mm max. L continuous or intermittent.
Cracks or Transverse, longitudinal, star or

5 Not permitted Not permitted
Laminations crater cracks.
Incomplete fusion between Surface breaking lack of side wall fusion,

Lack of fusion the weld metal and base lack of inter-run fusion continuous or
6 Laps material, incomplete fusion intermittent not to exceed 15mm. Not permitted
Cold lap between weld metal. Accumulative totals not to exceed 15mm
(lack of inter-run fusion) over a 300mm length of weld.
Damage to the parent material
or weld metal, from an
unintentional touch down of the
7 Arc strikes Not permitted Not permitted
electrode or arcing from poor
connections in the welding
circuit.
No stray tack welds permitted
Parent material must be smoothly blended
Mechanical or weld metal, internal or
8 General corrosion permitted. Max. D = Not permitted
damage external resulting from
1.5mm.
any activities.
Only 1 location allowed
Mismatch between the
9 Misalignment Max H = 1.5mm As for plate and pipe
welded or unwelded joint.
Excess weld metal, above the

10 Penetration base material in the root of the Max H ≤ 3mm As for plate and pipe
joint.
The absence of weld metal in
Lack of root
11 the root area, two root faces Not permitted Not permitted
penetration
showing.
Lack of root Inadequate cross penetration of Lack of root fusion, not to exceed 50mm total
12 Not permitted
fusion (one) root face. continuous or accumulative.
Excessive penetration, collapse

13 Burn through Not permitted Not permitted
of the weld root
Angular Distortion due to weld
14 5mm max. Plate only Accept
distortion contraction
Weld metal below the surface of 50mm maximum length
15 Root concavity Accept
both parent metals 3mm maximum depth
WIS5-90516b
Practical Sessions Objective
When these presentation have been completed

you will have a greater understanding of the
examination requirement and how to identify
and plot weld defects around real life welds and
the classroom specimens on which you will be
Practical Plate Inspection examined.
Copyright © TWI Ltd Copyright © TWI Ltd
Example of Weld Face Example of Plate Root

EXAMPLE PLATE REPORT
Candidates Name……………………………….. Specification……………………………..
MEASURE
Candidates signature…………………………… Welding process………………………..

A B
Welding Position………………………..
MEASURE
Root
WELD FACE concavity Lack of root
2mm deep Fusion
FROM
A Undercut
B 23
Gas pore 10 24
Lack of sidewall smooth 20
7
FROM
fusion 1.5 Ø 1.5 max

87 230 236 30
22
THIS
12 50
THIS
8
Incomplete root
51 8 15 40 Arc
penetration
DATUM
3 Strike
Slag
DATUM
Centreline 24
inclusion
crack 1
EDGE
EDGE
NOTES: Penetration Height = Toe Blend = Weld Width =

NOTES: Excess Weld Metal = Linear Misalignment = Toe Blend = Weld Width =
Plate Inspection Examination
2. Compare to acceptance standard.
1. Read the Questions and compare

Any Questions
with your thumb print.
3. Mark the answer in the OMR grid

in pencil and accept or reject
accordingly. When you are sure
about your answer mark the OMR
grid in BLACK PEN.
?
A2-1
Appendix 3
Pipe Reports and Questions

CSWIP 3.1 Training Questions for Pipe Butt Weld 1
Weld Face
1 Maximum excess weld metal height. (highest individual point measured): Which

b 4-5mm.
c 1-3mm.
d 7-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a None observed.
b 30-50mm.
c 0-28mm.
d 55-70mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 13-19mm.
b 20-30mm.
c None observed.
d 8-12mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Appendix 3 Pipe Reports and Questions A3-1 Copyright © TWI Ltd
acceptance levels?
a Area is 10-15mm2.
b Area 190-210mm2.
c None observed.
d Area 130-160mm2.
e Accept.
f Reject.

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 70-90mm.
b 30-60mm
c None observed.
d 5-25mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 3.
b 4.
c None observed.
d 1.
e Accept.
f Reject.
Which answer best matches your assessment of the total number of area and would
you accept or reject your findings to the given acceptance levels?
a 4.
b 1.
c None observed.
d 2.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Weld Root
a 1-2mm.
b 3-4mm.
c None observed.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 3-5mm.
b 1-2mm.
c None.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 35-40mm.
b 20-25mm.
c None observed.
d 0-10mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 28-35mm.
b 0-10mm.
c None observed.
d 15-23mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 31-39mm.
b 5-12mm.
c None observed.
d 40-60mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
levels?
a 60-70mm.
b 71-80mm.
c None observed.
d 1-15mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 10-17mm.
b 0-4mm.
c None observed.
d 5-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
17 Sharp areas of mechanical damage in the root area weld and parent material
accumulative total number of items and would you accept or reject your findings to
a 2-3.
b 1.
c None observed.
d 4-5.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
19 Burn through in the root area: Which answer best matches your assessment of the
a 1.
b 2.
c None observed.
d 3.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
20 Cluster porosity: Which answer best matches your assessment and would you accept
or reject your findings to the given acceptance levels (measure from the weld
a 3-5mm2.
b 26-88mm2.
c None observed.
d 12-20mm2.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Visual Inspection Pipe Report
Name [Block capitals]
Signature Pipe Ident#
Code/Specification used Welding Process Joint type
Welding position OutsideØ and Thickness Date
Weld face
A B C
Notes:
Excess weld metal height = Misalignment = Weld width = Toe blend =
C D A
Notes:
Excess weld metal height = Misalignment = Toe blend = Weld width =
WIS5-90516b
Pipe Root Face
A B C
Notes:
Excess penetration height = Toe blend =
C D A
Notes: Visual Inspection Pipe Report

WIS5-90516b
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
Weld Face
1 Maximum excess weld metal height: (highest individual point measured): Which

b 1-4mm.
c 5-6mm.
d 7-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a None observed.
b 30-60mm.
c 0-25mm.
d 100-120mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 60-70mm.
b 20-30mm.
c None observed.
d 8-12mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 25mm in length.
c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
acceptance levels?
a 10-15mm2.
c None observed.
d 40-65mm2.
e Accept.
f Reject.

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 40-90mm.
b 30-60mm.
c None observed.
d 5-10mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 3.
b 4.
c None observed.
d 1.
e Accept.
f Reject.
9 Sharp areas of mechanical damage: (excluding hard stamping and pop marks):
a 4.
b 1.
c None observed.
d 3.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Weld Root
a 1-2mm.
b 3-4mm.
c None observed.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject
11 Root penetration height: (highest individual point measured): Which answer best
acceptance levels?
a 3-5mm.
b 1-2mm.
c None.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 65-75mm.
b 45-60mm.
c None observed.
d 110-135mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 35-55mm.
b 10-30mm.
c None observed.
d 65-90mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 45-55mm.
b 73-90mm.
c None observed.
d 60-70mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
levels?
a 30-40mm.
b 5-8mm.
c None observed.
d 0-2mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 10-17mm.
b 0-4mm.
c None observed.
d 5-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 2-3.
b 1.
c None observed.
d 4-5.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 1.
b 2.
c None observed.
d 3.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
20 Porosity: Which answer best matches your assessment and would you accept or
reject your findings to the given acceptance levels (measure from the weld centreline
to the plate edge)?
a 35-45mm2.
b 60-80mm2.
c None observed.
d 12-22mm2.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Weld face
A B C
Notes:
C D A
Notes:
WIS5-90516b
Pipe Root Face
A B C
Notes:
C D A

WIS5-90516b
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
Weld Face

b 1-4mm.
c 4-5mm.
d 7-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a None observed.
b 65-80mm.
c 10-25mm.
d 100-120mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 60-70mm.
b 20-30mm.
c None observed.
d 5-12mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 50mm in length.
c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
acceptance levels?
a 0-5mm2.
c None observed.
d 70-90mm2.
e Accept.
f Reject.

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 68-80mm.
b 45-60mm.
c None observed.
d 30-40mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 3.
b 4.
c None observed.
d 1.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a More than 2.
b 1.
c None observed.
d 2.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Weld Root
a 1-2mm.
b 3-4mm.
c None observed.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
11 Root penetration height (Highest individual point measured): Which answer best
acceptance levels?
a 3-5mm.
b 1-2mm.
c None.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 40-60mm.
b 20-35mm.
c None observed.
d 0-10mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 28-35mm.
b 0-15mm.
c None observed.
d 15-23mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 31-39mm.
b 8-16mm.
c None observed.
d 40-60mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
levels?
a 15-30mm.
b 5-8mm.
c None observed.
d 0-2mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 10-17mm.
b 0-4mm.
c None observed.
d 5-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 2-3 items observed.

b 1 item observed.
c None observed.
d 4-5 items observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
18 Porosity in the weld root area: Which of the following answers best matches your
assessment of the accumulative total area and would you accept or reject your
findings to the given acceptance levels?

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 1.
b 2.
c None observed.
d 3.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
20 Porosity: Which answer best matches your assessment and would you accept or
reject your findings to the given acceptance levels (measure from the weld centreline
to the plate edge)?
a 30-50mm2.
b 60-80mm2.
c None observed.
d 10-20mm2.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Weld face
A B C
Notes:
C D A
Notes:
WIS5-90516b
Pipe Root Face
A B C
Notes:
C D A

WIS5-90516b
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
Weld Face

b 3-4mm.
c 5-6mm.
d 7-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a None observed.
b 80-100mm.
c 135-150mm.
d 110-130mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 60-70mm.
b 20-50mm.
c None observed.
d 2-6mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
acceptance levels?
a 35-45mm2.
b Greater than 55-80mm2.
c None observed.
d 20-30mm2.
e Accept.
f Reject.

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 110-130mm.
b 95-105mm.
c None observed.
d 65-85mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 2.
b 3.
c None observed.
d 1.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 4.
b 2.
c None observed.
d 3.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Weld Root
a 1-2mm.
b 3-4mm.
c None observed.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject
acceptance levels?
a 3-5mm.
b 1-2mm.
c None.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 35-40mm.
b 20-25mm.
c None observed.
d 0-10mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 28-35mm.
b 0-10mm.
c None observed.
d 15-23mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
the accumulative total and would you accept or reject your findings to the given
acceptance levels?
a 8-12mm.
b 18-22mm.
c None observed.
d 20-40mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
total l and would you accept or reject your findings to the given acceptance levels?
a 15-25mm.
b 35-45mm.
c None observed.
d 50-60mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 10-17mm.
b 0-4mm.
c None observed.
d 5-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 2-3.
b 1 item.
c None observed.
d More than 4 items.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 1.
b 2.
c None observed.
d 3.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
or reject your findings to the given acceptance levels. (measure from the weld
centreline to the plate edge)?
a 3-5mm2.
b 6-8mm2.
c None observed.
d 1-2mm2.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Weld face
A B C
Notes:
C D A
Notes:
WIS5-90516b
Pipe Root Face
A B C
Notes:
C D A

WIS5-90516b
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
Answers to be indicated on the Candidate Answer Template
Weld Face
1 Excess weld metal height (highest individual point measured): Which answer best
acceptance levels?

b 3-4mm.
c 5-6mm.
d 7-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a None observed.
b 40-55mm.
c 30-40mm.
d 60-70mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 60-70mm.
b 20-50mm.
c None observed.
d 5-12mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
acceptance levels?
a 0-20mm2.
b Greater than 30-50mm2.
c None observed.
d 60-70mm2.
e Accept.
f Reject.

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 30-40mm.
b 45-55mm.
c None observed.
d 60-70mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 2.
b 4.
c None observed.
d 1.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 4.
b 1-2.
c None observed.
d 3.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Weld Root
a 1-2mm.
b 3-4mm.
c None observed.
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 3-5mm.
b 1-2mm.
c None .
d Greater than 5mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
acceptance levels?
a 30-40mm.
b 21-29mm.
c None observed.
d 41-50mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 28-35mm.
b 0-10mm.
c None observed.
d 15-26mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
the accumulative total and would you accept or reject your findings to the given
acceptance levels?
a 31-39mm.
b 18-22mm.
c None observed.
d 40-60mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
total and would you accept or reject your findings to the given acceptance levels?
a 35-45mm.
b 20-30mm.
c None observed.
d 50-60mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
levels?
a 10-17mm.
b 0-4mm.
c None observed.
d 5-8mm.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 2-3.
b 1.
c None observed.
d 4-5.
e Accept.
f Reject.
18 Porosity in the weld root area: Which of the following answers best matches your
assessment of the accumulative total area and would you accept or reject your
findings to the given acceptance levels?

c None observed.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a 1.
b 2.
c None observed.
d 3.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
or reject your findings to the given acceptance levels (measure from the weld
centreline to the plate edge)?
a 30-50mm2.
b 60-80mm2.
c None observed.
d 12-22mm2.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Weld face
A B C
Notes:
C D A
Notes:
WIS5-90516b
Pipe Root Face
A B C
Notes:
C D A
Notes:
WIS5-90516b
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INITIAL
1 2 INITIAL RETEST
WI 3.1 EXAM _
VERSION _
O O O O O O O
1 1 31
3 3 33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MACRO A
_ _
4 4 34 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
5 5 35 _
O O O O O O O O O O
_
6 6 36 _
O O O O O O O O O O
3
4
8 8 38
5
9 9 39
PLATE PIPE 6
10 10 40 A B C D E F A B C D E F
7
11 11 41 1 1
8
12 12 42 2 2
9
13 13 43 3 3
10
14 14 44 4 4
11
15 15 45 5 5
12
16 16 46 6 6
17 17 47 7 7
MACRO B
18 18 48 8 8 A B C D E F
19 19 49 9 9 1
20 20 50 10 10 2
21 21 51 11 11 3
22 22 52 12 12 4
23 23 53 13 13 5
24 24 54 14 14 6
25 25 55 15 15 7
26 26 56 16 16 8
27 27 57 17 17 9
28 28 58 18 18 10
29 29 59 19 19 11
30 30 60 20 20 12
Table numbers
Acceptance levels
Defect type Acceptance levels plate and pipe macro only
Remarks Maximum allowance Remarks
At no point shall the excess

weld metal fall below the Excess weld metal will not exceed H = 2mm
Excess weld As for plate and
1 outside surface of the parent in any area on the parent material, showing
metal pipe
material. All weld runs shall smooth transition at weld toes.
blend smoothly.
Slag inclusions are defined as
non-metallic inclusions trapped The length of the slag inclusion shall not
Slag/silica Slag and silica not
2 in the weld metal or between exceed 50mm continuous or intermittent.
inclusions permitted
the weld metal and the parent Accumulative totals shall not exceed 50mm
material.
No sharp indications Smooth blend required.
Undercut is defined as a grove
The length of any undercut shall not exceed No sharp
melted into the parent metal,
50mm continuous or intermittent. indications
3 Undercut at the toes of the weld excess
Accumulative totals shall not exceed 50mm. Smooth blend
metal, root or adjacent weld
Max D = 1mm for the cap weld metal. required
metal.
Root undercut not permitted.
Trapped gas, in weld metal, Individual pores ≤ 1.5 max. Cluster porosity not
Porosity or elongated, individual pores, Cluster porosity maximum 502mm total area. permitted.
4
Gas Cavities cluster porosity, piping or Elongated, piping or wormholes Individual pores
wormhole porosity. 15mm max. L continuous or intermittent. acceptable.
Cracks or Transverse, longitudinal, star or

5 Not permitted Not permitted
Laminations crater cracks.
Incomplete fusion between Surface breaking lack of side wall fusion,

Lack of fusion the weld metal and base lack of inter-run fusion continuous or
6 Laps material, incomplete fusion intermittent not to exceed 15mm. Not permitted
Cold lap between weld metal. Accumulative totals not to exceed 15mm
(lack of inter-run fusion) over a 300mm length of weld.
or weld metal, from an
unintentional touchdown of the
7 Arc strikes Not permitted Not permitted
electrode or arcing from poor
connections in the welding
circuit.
Damage to the parent material No stray tack welds permitted
Mechanical or weld metal, internal or Parent material must be smoothly blended
8 Not permitted
damage external resulting from General corrosion permitted. Max. D =
any activities. 1.5mm. Only 1 location allowed
Mismatch between the As for plate and
9 Misalignment Max H = 1.5mm
welded or unwelded joint. pipe
Excess weld metal, above the

As for plate and
10 Penetration base material in the root of the Max H ≤ 3mm
pipe
joint.
The absence of weld metal in

Lack of root
11 the root area, two root faces Not permitted Not permitted
penetration
showing.
Lack of root Inadequate cross penetration of Lack of root fusion, not to exceed 50mm total
12 Not permitted
fusion (one) root face. continuous or accumulative.
Excessive penetration, collapse

13 Burn through Not permitted Not permitted
of the weld root
Angular Distortion due to weld

14 5mm max. Plate only Accept
distortion contraction
Weld metal below the surface of 50mm maximum length
15 Root concavity Accept
both parent metals 3mm maximum depth
WIS5-90516b
Practical Sessions Objective
When these presentation have been completed

you will have a greater understanding of the
examination requirement and how to identify
and plot weld defects around real life welds and
the classroom specimens on which you will be
Practical Pipe Inspection examined.
Pipe Inspection Hi-Low and Root Gap Measurements

1
Root gap
dimension
HI-LO Single Purpose Welding Gauge
Internal
alignment
Pipe Inspection Examination

Pipe Inspection Examination Pipe Inspection Examination
EXAMPLE PIPE REPORT
 After you have observed an imperfection and

Name: [Block capitals] ….............................. Signature: ……………….
Date…………………….
Code/Specification used: …………………… Welding process: ……………… Joint type: …………….
determined its type, you must be able to take Welding position: …………………. Outside Dia & thickness ……………
WELD FACE
Date ……………………
measurements and complete the thumb print A Lack of side B Arc Strike C
report sketch. 140
wall fusion
8 40
Under fill
12
98
 The first thumb print report sketch should be in

90 10 180 60 5
the form of a repair map of the weld. (ie all 20 15 46
Slag
observations are Identified sized and located). Lack of side Undercut Under fill
inclusion
wall fusion >1.0 mm
NOTES:
Excess Weld Metal Height = Misalignment = Weld Width = Toe Blend =
 The thumb print report sketch used in CSWIP Lack of side wall fusion
Arc Strike
C D A
exam will look like the following example. Slag / incomplete fill
12 15 3 8 2
0 8 5
 The thumb print is to used in conjunction with

the multiple choice questions during the
examination .
NOTES:
Excess Weld Metal Height = Misalignment = Weld Width = Toe Blend =
A3-1
Pipe Inspection Examination Pipe Inspection Examination
PIPE ROOT FACE
1. Read the Questions and compare 2. Compare to acceptance standard.
A Lack of B C
root fusion Burn with your thumb print.
140 through
8 40 6
2 1 90 1 180 46 5
6
0 5 0
0
Lack of Undercut Excess Poor stop
root >1.0 mm penetration start
penetratio 5mm
n
NOTES:
Excess Penetration Height = Toe Blend =
Lack of
C D root fusion
A
38 8
3. Mark the answer in the OMR grid
in pencil and accept or reject
12 accordingly. When you are sure
0 120
about your answer mark the OMR
Smooth Undercut grid in BLACK PEN.
<1.0mm
NOTES: Excess Penetration Height = Toe Blend =
Any Questions
?
Copyright © TWI Ltd
A3-2
Appendix 4
Crossword
Across
7 For stovers (10)
9 The forces of magnetism on the weld pool (3,4)
10 An electrode with good toughness (5)
13 For creep resistance (10)
14 L in 316L (3)
18 Without filler wire (10)
24 I am often clustered (8)
26 CEV (6,10,5)
28 A solid inclusion (4)
30 Carelessness in welding causes me (3,6)
32 Used to examine grain structure (5)
33 I add strength and hardness (6)
34 A very hard and brittle microstructure (10)
36 Slope out to prevent me (6,5)
38 I can cut anything (6)
42 UTS (8,7,8)
44 A mode of transfer used in all positions (3)
45 Constant in GTAW (8)
46 Common gas used for GTAW (5)
47 Used for radiography over 50mm (6)
48 I may be essential or not (8)
49 When welding I must never go below this (7,7)
Down
1 IQI (5,7,9)
2 Used for weld detail (6)
3 I have a half life of 74.4.days (7)
4 Technique used to minimise distortion (4,4)
5 Can be caused by excess purge pressure (9)
6 Polarity for carbon GTAW (1,1,9,8)
8 10 x 10 x 55 long (6)
11 I suffer from this when depleted of chromium (4,5)
12 I am caused by unbalanced expansion and contraction (10)
15 This word is generally associated with rejection by most codes (9)
16 Only applicable in dip transfer (10)
17 Keeps rods at 70 degrees on site (6)
19 Used in mechanical testing over 12mm (4,4)
20 A step-like crack (8,7)
21 Preheating can minimise my chances (6)
22 SAW flux (5)
23 You can get me by 0.7 of your leg (6,6)
25 Used to apply a magnetic field (4)
27 A SAW flux easily crushed (12)
29 If my root is in compression this is me (4,4)
31 My purging powers prevent this (9)
35 Can be caused by an increased vertex angle (8,10)
37 All equipment should have this (11)
39 Polarity for welding aluminium with GTAW (11,7)
40 An electronic hazard (4,9)
41 If you slow down I go up (4,5)
43 Below this I turn molecular (5,7)
WIS5-90516b
Appendix 4 A4-1 Copyright © TWI Ltd
Appendix 5
Macro and Micro Vidual Inspection

Macro and Micro Visual Inspection
Macro-examination
Macro-etching a specimen is etched and evaluated macrostructurally at low
magnifications, is frequently used for evaluating carbon and low alloy steel
products such as billets, bars, blooms and forgings as well as welds. There are
several procedures for rating a steel specimen by a graded series of
photographs showing the incidence of certain conditions and is applicable to
carbon and low alloy steels. A number of different etching reagents may be
used depending upon the type of examination. Steels react differently to
etching reagents because of variations in chemical composition, method of
manufacture, heat treatment and many other variables.
Macro-examinations are also performed on a polished and etched cross-section

of a welded material. During the examination a number of features can be
determined including weld run sequence, important for weld procedure
qualifications tests. Any defects on the sample will be assessed for compliance
with relevant specifications: Slag, porosity, lack of weld penetration, lack of
sidewall fusion and poor weld profile are among the features observed. Such
defects are looked for either by standard visual examination or at
magnifications up to 5X. It is routine to photograph the section to provide a
permanent record, a photomacrograph.
Micro-examination
Performed on samples either cut to size or mounted in a resin mould. The
samples are polished to a fine finish, normally one micron diamond paste and
usually etched in an appropriate chemical solution prior to examination on a
metallurgical microscope. Micro-examination is performed for a number of
purposes, assess the structure of the material and examine for metallurgical
and anomalies such as third phase precipitates, excessive grain growth, etc.
Many routine tests such as phase counting or grain size determinations are
performed in conjunction with micro-examinations.
Metallographic weld evaluations can take many forms. In its most simplest, a
weld deposit can be visually examined for large scale defects such as porosity
or lack of fusion defects. On a microscale, it can be phase balance assessments
from weld cap to weld root or a check for non-metallic or third phase
precipitates. Examination of weld growth patterns is also used to determine
reasons for poor mechanical test results. For example, an extensive central
columnar grain pattern can cause a plane of weakness giving poor Charpy
results.
WIS5-90516b
Appendix 5 Macro and Micro Visual Inspection A5-1 Copyright © TWI Ltd
Photomacrographs
WIS5-90516b
Training
Macroscopic
WIS5-90516b
Training Macro 1
Welding process used MMA (SMAW)
1
10
2
8 4
5
7
6
WIS5-90516b
These questions are to be used with training macro 1
1 What is the indication at position 1 and would you accept or reject the indication to
a Slag inclusions.
b Porosity.
c Excessive grain size.
d Tungsten inclusions.
e Accept.
f Reject.
2 The area identified at position 2 is the?
a Fusion zone.
b Fusion boundary.
c Toe of the weld.
d Undercut.
3 The area identified at position 3 is the?
a Fusion boundary.
b Acid marks.
c Polished area.
d Heat affected zone.

b Fusion boundary.
d Linear crack.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Gas cavity.
b Lack of sidewall fusion.
c Slag trapped at the toes of the weld.
d Lack of inter-run fusion and slag.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Slag inclusion.
b Lack of root fusion.
c Lack of root penetration.
d Burn-through.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b

b Lack of sidewall fusion.
c Crack.
d Porosity in the root.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Lamellar tearing.
b Hydrogen cracks.
c Laminations.
d Stress cracks.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Overlap.
b Toe of the weld with good transition.
c Toe of the weld with poor transition.
d Undercut at the toe of the weld.
e Accept.
f Reject.
10 Which term best describes this welded joint?
a Square edge butt joint.

b Double V butt joint.
c Single V butt joint.
d T butt fillet weld.
WIS5-90516b
Training Macro 2
2
10
4
8
7
6
WIS5-90516b
a Poor toe blend.

b Undercut.
c Lack of fusion.
d Underfill.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Undercut.
b Poor toe blend.
c Underfill.
d Lack of sidewall fusion.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Lamellar tearing.
b Corrosion crack.
c Hydrogen crack.
d Lamination.
e Accept.
f Reject.

b Lack of sidewall fusion and slag.
c Weld boundary.
d Lack of sidewall fusion and silicon.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Toe crack.
b Hydrogen crack.
c Overlap.
d Lamellar tear.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
a Spatter.
b Lap.
c Overlap.
d Hydrogen crack.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Gas cavity.
b Silicon inclusion.
c Slag inclusion.
d Copper inclusion.
e Accept.
f Reject.
8 The area identified at position 8 is referred to as the?
a Heat affected zone.

b Fusion boundary.
c Fusion zone.
d Polished area.

b Fusion boundary.
c Fusion zone.
d Polished area.
a Slag line.
b Overlap.
c Lamination.
d Lamellar tear.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Training Macro 3
Welding process used MIG/MAG (GMAW)
10
7 4
5
6
WIS5-90516b
a Linear crack.
b Overspill.
c Overlap.
d Lamination.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Saw marks.
b Lamellar tear.
c Segregation bands.
d Laminations.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Mechanical damage.
b Lap.
c Arc strike.
d Lamellar tear.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Lack of sidewall fusion and slag.

b Hydrogen crack.
c Lack of sidewall fusion and gas cavity.
d Linear sidewall crack.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Slag.
b Silicon.
c Spatter.
d Copper.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
a Overlap.
b Crack.
c Incomplete root penetration.
d Incomplete root fusion.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Transverse crack.
b Transverse hydrogen crack.
c Lack of inter-run fusion.
d Shrinkage crack.
e Accept.
f Reject.

b Crack.
c Linear slag line.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Slag inclusion.
b Silicon inclusion.
c Gas cavity.
d Shrinkage defect.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Porosity.
b Slag inclusion in weld metal.
c Silicon inclusions in weld metal.
d Tungsten inclusions in weld metal.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Training Macro 4
1
2
10
7
9 6
8
7
WIS5-90516b
1 Which term best describes this welded joint?

a Overlap.
b Toe of the weld with good transition.
c Toe of the weld with poor transition.
d Undercut at the toe of the weld.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Undercut.
b Poor toe blend.
c Underfill.
e Accept.
f Reject.

b Lack of sidewall fusion and slag.
c Weld boundary.
d Lack of sidewall fusion and silicon.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Silicon inclusion.
b Slag inclusion, lack of sidewall fusion and lack of inter-run fusion.
c Gas cavity.
d Gas cavity and lack of sidewall penetration.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
6 Which term best describes the area indicated at position 6?
a Shrinkage.
b Linear distortion.
c Short transverse distortion.
d Angular distortion.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Silicon inclusion.
b Slag inclusion.
c Slag inclusion, lack of inter-run fusion and lack of sidewall fusion.
d Elongated gas pore.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Crack.
b Lack of inter-run fusion.
d Fusion boundary line.
e Accept.
f Reject.

b Fusion boundary.
c Fusion zone.
d Polished area.
a Lamellar tearing.
b Hydrogen cracks.
c Laminations.
d Stress cracks.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
Training Macro 5
2
3
10
7
8
WIS5-90516b
a Mechanical damage.
b Lap.
c Arc strike.
d Lamellar tear.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Lamellar tearing.
b Hydrogen cracks.
c Laminations.
d Stress cracks.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Undercut.
b Poor toe blend.
c Underfill.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Undercut.
b Poor toe blend.
c Underfill.
e Accept.
f Reject.

b Fusion boundary.
d Linear crack.
e Accept.
f Reject.
WIS5-90516b
a Lack of sidewall fusion and slag.

b Hydrogen crack.
c Lack of sidewall fusion and gas cavity.
d Linear sidewall crack.
e Accept.
f Reject.
7 Which term best describes the area indicated at position 7?
a Shrinkage.
b Linear misalignment.
c Short transverse distortion.
d Transition weld set-up.
e Accept.
f Reject.
a Fusion boundary.
b Acid marks.
c Polished area.
d Heat affected zone.

b Fusion boundary.
c Fusion zone.
d Polished area.
10 Which term best describes this welded joint at position 10?

WIS5-90516b
Training Macro Answer Sheet
Macro 1 Macro 2
1 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f 1 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f
2 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f 2 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f
3 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f 3 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f
4 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f 4 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f
5 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e 5f 5 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e 5f
6 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 6 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f
7 7a 7b 7c 7d 7e 7f 7 7a 7b 7c 7d 7e 7f
8 8a 8b 8c 8d 8e 8f 8 8a 8b 8c 8d 8e 8f
9 9a 9b 9c 9d 9e 9f 9 9a 9b 9c 9d 9e 9f
10 10a 10b 10c 10d 10e 10f 10 10a 10b 10c 10d 10e 10f
Macro 3 Macro 4
1 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f 1 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f
2 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f 2 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f
3 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f 3 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f
4 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f 4 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f
5 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e 5f 5 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e 5f
6 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 6 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f
7 7a 7b 7c 7d 7e 7f 7 7a 7b 7c 7d 7e 7f
8 8a 8b 8c 8d 8e 8f 8 8a 8b 8c 8d 8e 8f
9 9a 9b 9c 9d 9e 9f 9 9a 9b 9c 9d 9e 9f
10 10a 10b 10c 10d 10e 10f 10 10a 10b 10c 10d 10e 10f
Macro 5
1 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f
2 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f
3 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f
4 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f
5 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e 5f
6 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f
7 7a 7b 7c 7d 7e 7f
8 8a 8b 8c 8d 8e 8f
9 9a 9b 9c 9d 9e 9f
10 10a 10b 10c 10d 10e 10f
WIS5-90516b
Macro Objective
When this presentation has been completed you

will have a greater understanding of Macro
examination and assessment to the acceptance
criteria.
Practical Macro Inspection
Macro Inspection Examination Macro Inspection Examination
For CSWIP 3.1 Welding Inspectors examination

you are required to conduct a visual examination
of two macro samples.
Time allowed 45 minutes
Acceptance Levels TWI 09
Macro Defects Macro Defects
A5-1
Macro Inspection Macro Inspection
Welded with SMAW Welded with SMAW

9 1
1
6
8
2
2
7
5
6
3
5 4 3 4

7 1
Welded with SMAW
8 1
7 6
2
3
3
6
5
4
5 4
Welded with SMAW Welded with GMAW 1
7
10
1
6
9 2
3
2
5
4
4 3 8 7 6 5
A5-2
Macro Inspection Examination
1. Examine the Macro Photograph
10 3. Compare Against Acceptance Levels
Any Questions
9 1
8
TWI 09 Exam Acceptance Levels for Plate, Pipe and Macro
D=Depth L=Length H=Height t =Thickness

Acceptance Levels
Table Number
Acceptance levels Plate and Pipe
Defect Type
Macro Only
7 Remarks Maximum Allowance Remarks
At no point shall the excess weld

Excess weld metal will not exceed H= 2mm in any
metal fall below the outside surface
Excess Weld area on the circumference of the pipe, showing As for plate and pipe
1 of the pipe. All weld runs shall blend
Metal smooth transition at weld toes.
smoothly.
?
6
Slag inclusions are defined as non The length of the slag inclusion shall not exceed
metaltic inclusions trapped in the 50mm. continuous or intermittent. Accumulative
Slag/Silica
2 weld metal or between the weld totals shall not exceed 50mm 1mm diameter
Inclusions
metal and the parent material.
2
Under cut is defined as a grove The length of any undercut shall not exceed 50mm
melted into the parent metal, at the continuous or intermittent. Accumulative totals shall
3 Undercut toes of the weld excess metal, root or not exceed 50mm. Max D = 2mm for the excess
0.5mm deep
adjacent weld metal. weld metal. Root undercut not permitted.
Trapped gas, in weld metal,
Individual pores ≥ 1.5 max.Cluster porosity 10mm in
elongated, individual pores, cluster
4 Porosity area.Elongated, piping or wormholes
porosity, piping or wormhole
15mm max. L continuous or intermittent. 1mm diameter
porosity.
Transverse, longitudinal, star cracks

5 Cracks Not permitted Not permitted
or crater cracks.
Incomplete fusion between the weld Surface breaking lack of side wall fusion, lack of
.
metal and base material, incomplete inter-run fusion continuous or intermittent not to
Lack of fusion between weld metal. (lack of exceed 25mm. Accumulative totals not to exceed
6 Not permitted
fusion inter-run fusion) 25mm over a 300mm length of weld.
Damage to the parent material or
weld metal, from an un-intentional
touch down of the electrode or arcing Not permitted
7 Arc Strikes
from poor connections in the welding Not permitted
circuit.
Damage to the parent material or
Mechanical weld metal, internal or external
8 Max. D = 0.5 Not permitted
Damage resulting from any activities.
Mismatch between the welded or un- Max.= 1.5 L not exceed 30mm continuous or
Misalignmen
9 welded joint. intermittent As for plate and pipe
3
t
Excess weld metal, above the base
material in the root of the joint. At no
Max H ≤ 2mm
10 Penetration point shall the penetration fall below As for plate and pipe
the thickness of the material.
Lack of root The absence of weld metal in the root
5
Not permitted
11 penetration area. Refer to Table 10
Lack of root Inadequate cross penetration of both Lack of root fusion, not to exceed 50mm total
12
4
fusion root faces. continuous or accumulative. No t permitted
Burn
13 through Excessive penetration , collapse of
Not permitted Not permitted
the weld root
2. Read the Questions

4. Mark the answer in the OMR grid in
1. What is the defect at position 1 and pencil and accept or reject accordingly.
would you accept or reject the defect to
When you are sure about your answer
mark the OMR grid in BLACK PEN
a. Poor toe blend
b. Underfill
c. Undercut
d. Lack of fusion
e. Accept
f. Reject
A5-3

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Welding Inspection Level 2: Multiple Choice Questions

Name: ……………………………….…………………………. Date: ……………………

3 The principal purpose of a welder qualification test is to:

a Test the skill of the welder.

a Make the welds suitable for liquid (dye) penetrant inspection.

a Lack of root penetration.

8 The strength of a fillet weld is determined by:

a Before, during and after welding.

11 Incomplete root penetration in a single V butt joint may be caused by:

a Excessive root face.

12 Incomplete root fusion in a single V butt weld may be caused by:

a Excess weld metal height.

a Current is too low.

a Standard of workmanship quality only.

16 A solid inclusion in a weld may be:

17 Which of the following is a planar imperfection?

a Lack of sidewall fusion.

18 For fillet welds it is normal practice in the UK and USA to measure:

a Use of the wrong class of electrodes.

21 Slag inclusions may be present in:

a Manual metal arc welds.

23 Which group of welders is most likely to require continuous monitoring by a

a Concrete shuttering welders.

a 8mm throat of a mitre fillet.

27 The fusion boundary of a fillet weld is the:

a Boundary between the weld metal and HAZ.

28 If a Welding Inspector detects a type of imperfection not allowed by the application

a Request further NDE.

a It is quicker and cheaper if back gouging is not required.

32 Which of the following electrode types is classified to EN ISO 2560?

a Basic, cellulosic and rutile.

a Lack of inter-run fusion.

37 In TIG welding a current slope-out device reduces:

39 In MMA welding penetration is principally controlled by:

a Prevent linear porosity.

a Core wire composition.

42 Silicon is added to steel and the covering of MMA electrodes to:

a Above the dashed line.

46 A hydrogen controlled MMA electrode can always be recognised by the:

a EN code letter (or AWS code number).

47 According to BS EN 22553 which of the following symbols requires weld toes to be

49 Which of the following elements is added to steel to give resistance to creep at

Name: ………………………………………………………….. Date: ……………………

1 Lack of sidewall fusion:

a Is the most susceptible in double U butt welds.

2 Leg length of a fillet weld is:

a The distance from the toe to face.

3 Throat thickness of a fillet weld (equal leg lengths) is:

a The distance from the toe to the face.

a Always contain full penetration butt welds.

5 A duty not normally undertaken by a welding inspector is to:

a Check the condition of the parent material.

a Is another term for concave root.

a The strength is primarily controlled by the leg length.

a Are always repaired.

a Should measure voltage as close to the welding arc as possible.

a Normally supervise welders.

a Maybe caused by the root gap being too small.

14 The throat thickness of 19mm fillet weld is?

a The material thickness reduces.