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Tsunami roots that enable them to thrive in brackish water (brackish water is salty,

but not as salty as seawater).


Tsunami, Japanese word meaning “harbor wave,” used as the
scientific term for a class of abnormal sea wave that can cause catastrophic There are several species of mangrove trees found all over the
damage when it hits a coastline. Tsunamis can be generated by an world. Some prefer more salinity, while others like to be very close to a
undersea earthquake, an undersea landslide, the eruption of an undersea large fresh water source (such as a river). Some prefer areas that are
volcano, or by the force of an asteroid crashing into the ocean. The most sheltered from waves. Some species have their roots covered with sea
frequent cause of tsunamis is an undersea earthquake. water every day during high tide. Others are more sensitive to salinity, and
grow closer to the shore. Other species grow on dry land, but are still part
A tsunami can have wavelengths, or widths (the distance between of the ecosystem.
one wave crest to the next), of 100 to 200 km (60 to 120 mi), and may
travel hundreds of kilometers across the deep ocean, reaching speeds of Mangroves need to keep their trunk and leaves above the water
about 725 to 800 km/h (about 450 to 500 mph). A tsunami is not one wave line. Yet they also need to be firmly attached to the ground so they are not
but a series of waves. In the deep ocean, the waves may be only about half moved by waves.
a meter (a foot or two) high. People onboard a ship passing over it would
not even notice the tsunami. Upon entering shallow coastal waters, There are three types of mangrove roots that help in this process.
however, the waves may suddenly grow rapidly in height. When the waves The first is mangrove supports roots which directly pierce the soil. The
reach the shore, they may be 15 m (50 ft) high or more. Tsunamis can also next is mangrove level-growing roots which twist upward and downwards,
take the form of a very fast tide or bore, depending on the shape of the sea with the upward twists emerging on the water surface, and the last is
floor. mangrove level-growing roots whose downward twists (sub-roots) appear
on the water surface.
Tsunamis have tremendous force because of the great volume of water
affected and the speed at which they travel. Just a cubic yard of water, for Any part of a root that appears above the water line channels
example, weighs about one ton. Although the tsunami slows to a speed of oxygen to the plant below the water line. Over time as soil begins to build
about 48 km/h (30 mph) as it approaches a coastline, it has a destructive up, these roots produce additional roots that become embedded in the soil.
force equal to millions of tons. Tsunamis are capable of obliterating (Taken from Missouri Botanical Garden)
coastal settlements.

(taken from: Scaffolding Grade IX)

Mangrove Trees

A mangrove is a tropical maritime tree or shrub of the genus


Rhizophora. Mangroves have special aerial roots and salt-filtering tap

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