Red Hat Satellite-6.4-Installing Satellite Server From A Connected Network-en-US

Red Hat Satellite 6.
Installing Satellite Server from a Connected

Network
Installing Red Hat Satellite Server from a Connected Network
Last Updated: 2019-02-25

Red Hat Satellite 6.4 Installing Satellite Server from a Connected Network
Installing Red Hat Satellite Server from a Connected Network
Red Hat Satellite Documentation Team

satellite-doc-list@redhat.com
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Abstract
This guide describes how to install Red Hat Satellite from a connected network, perform initial
configuration, and configure external services.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . .1.. .PREPARING
. . . . . . . . . . .YOUR
. . . . . .ENVIRONMENT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .FOR
. . . .INSTALLATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. . . . . . . . . .
1.1. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 4
1.2. STORAGE REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES 5
1.2.1. Storage Requirements 5
1.2.2. Storage Guidelines 6
1.3. SUPPORTED OPERATING SYSTEMS 7
1.4. SUPPORTED BROWSERS 7
1.5. PORTS AND FIREWALLS REQUIREMENTS 8
1.6. ENABLING CONNECTIONS FROM A CLIENT TO SATELLITE SERVER 11
1.7. VERIFYING FIREWALL SETTINGS 11
1.8. VERIFYING DNS RESOLUTION 11
1.9. CHANGING DEFAULT SELINUX PORTS 12
.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . .2.. .INSTALLING
. . . . . . . . . . . SATELLITE
. . . . . . . . . . SERVER
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
...........
2.1. INSTALLING SATELLITE SERVER FROM A CONNECTED NETWORK 14
2.1.1. Registering to Red Hat Subscription Management 15
2.1.2. Identifying and Attaching the Satellite Subscription to the Host 15
2.1.3. Configuring Repositories 17
2.1.4. Installing the Satellite Server Packages 17
2.1.5. Downloading and Installing Packages Manually 18
2.2. PERFORMING THE INITIAL CONFIGURATION 18
2.2.1. Synchronizing Time 19
2.2.2. Installing the SOS Package on the Host Operating System 19
2.2.3. Specifying Installation Options 19
2.2.3.1. Performing the Initial Configuration Manually 20
2.2.3.2. Performing the Initial Configuration Automatically using an Answer File 21
2.2.4. Creating a Subscription Allocation in Customer Portal 21
2.2.5. Adding Subscriptions to an Allocation 22
2.2.6. Exporting a Subscription Manifest from the Customer Portal 22
2.2.6.1. Importing a Subscription Manifest into the Satellite Server 22
.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . .3.. .PERFORMING
. . . . . . . . . . . . ADDITIONAL
. . . . . . . . . . . . CONFIGURATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ON
. . . SATELLITE
. . . . . . . . . . SERVER
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
...........
3.1. INSTALLING THE SATELLITE TOOLS REPOSITORY 24
3.2. CONFIGURING SATELLITE SERVER WITH AN HTTP PROXY 25
3.3. USING AN HTTP PROXY FOR ALL SATELLITE HTTP REQUESTS 26
3.4. ENABLING POWER MANAGEMENT ON MANAGED HOSTS 27
3.5. CONFIGURING DNS, DHCP, AND TFTP ON SATELLITE SERVER 27
3.6. DISABLING DNS, DHCP, AND TFTP FOR UNMANAGED NETWORKS 29
3.7. CONFIGURING SATELLITE SERVER FOR OUTGOING EMAILS 30
3.8. CONFIGURING SATELLITE SERVER WITH A CUSTOM SERVER CERTIFICATE 32
3.8.1. Obtain an SSL Certificate for the Satellite Server 32
3.8.2. Validate the Satellite Server’s SSL Certificate 34
3.8.3. Run the Satellite Installer with Custom Certificate Parameters 35
3.8.4. Install the New Certificate on all Hosts Connected to the Satellite Server 36
3.9. USING EXTERNAL DATABASES WITH SATELLITE 36
3.9.1. MongoDB as an External Database Considerations 37
3.9.2. PostgreSQL as an External Database Considerations 37
3.9.3. Overview 38
3.9.4. Installing MongoDB 38
3.9.5. Installing PostgreSQL 39
3.10. RESTRICTING ACCESS TO MONGOD 41
1
.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . .4.. .CONFIGURING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . EXTERNAL
. . . . . . . . . . SERVICES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
...........
4.1. CONFIGURING SATELLITE WITH EXTERNAL DNS 43
4.2. VERIFYING AND STARTING THE DNS SERVICE 45
4.3. CONFIGURING SATELLITE SERVER WITH EXTERNAL DHCP 45
4.4. CONFIGURING SATELLITE SERVER WITH EXTERNAL TFTP 49
4.4.1. Configuring the Firewall for External Access to TFTP 50
4.5. CONFIGURING SATELLITE OR CAPSULE WITH EXTERNAL IDM DNS 50
4.5.1. Configuring Dynamic DNS Update with GSS-TSIG Authentication 51
4.5.2. Configuring Dynamic DNS Update with TSIG Authentication 55
4.5.3. Reverting to Internal DNS Service 57
. . . . . . . . . .5.. .UNINSTALLING
CHAPTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SATELLITE
. . . . . . . . . .SERVER
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
...........
.CHAPTER
. . . . . . . . .6.. .RUNNING
. . . . . . . . .RED
. . . .HAT
. . . . SATELLITE
. . . . . . . . . . .ON
. . .AMAZON
. . . . . . . . WEB
. . . . .SERVICES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
...........
6.1. USE CASE CONSIDERATIONS 60
6.1.1. Use Cases Known to Work 60
6.1.2. Use Cases that Do Not Work 61
6.2. DEPLOYMENT SCENARIOS 61
6.3. PREREQUISITES 64
6.3.1. Amazon Web Service Assumptions 64
6.3.2. Red Hat Cloud prerequisites 65
6.3.3. Red Hat Satellite-specific prerequisites 65
6.3.4. Preparing for the Red Hat Satellite Installation 65
6.4. INSTALLING SATELLITE SERVER ON AWS 66
6.5. INSTALLING CAPSULE ON AWS 66
6.6. REGISTERING HOSTS TO SATELLITE USING THE BOOTSTRAP SCRIPT 66
. . . . . . . . . . A.
APPENDIX . . .LARGE
. . . . . . DEPLOYMENT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . CONSIDERATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
...........
. . . . . . . . . . B.
APPENDIX . . .APPLYING
. . . . . . . . . CUSTOM
. . . . . . . . .CONFIGURATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TO
. . . RED
. . . . .HAT
. . . .SATELLITE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
...........
B.1. HOW TO RESTORE MANUAL CHANGES OVERWRITTEN BY A PUPPET RUN 71
2
Table of Contents
3
CHAPTER 1. PREPARING YOUR ENVIRONMENT FOR

INSTALLATION
1.1. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

The following requirements apply to the networked base system:
64-bit architecture
The latest version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server
4-core 2.0 GHz CPU at a minimum
A minimum of 20 GB memory is required for the Satellite Server to function. In addition, a

minimum of 4 GB of swap space is also recommended. Satellite running with less memory than
the minimum value might not operate correctly.
A unique host name, which can contain lower-case letters, numbers, dots (.) and hyphens (-)
A current Red Hat Satellite subscription
Administrative user (root) access
A system umask of 0022
Full forward and reverse DNS resolution using a fully-qualified domain name
Before you install Satellite Server or Capsule Server, ensure that your environment meets the
requirements for installation.
Satellite Server must be installed on a freshly provisioned system that serves no other function except to
run Satellite Server.
NOTE
The Red Hat Satellite Server and Capsule Server versions must match. For example, a
Satellite 6.2 Server cannot run a 6.4 Capsule Server and a Satellite 6.4 Server cannot run
a 6.2 Capsule Server. Mismatching Satellite Server and Capsule Server versions results in
the Capsule Server failing silently.
NOTE
Self-registered Satellites are not supported.
If you have a large number of content hosts, see Large Deployment Considerations to ensure that your
environment is set up appropriately.
For more information on scaling your Capsule Servers, see Capsule Server Scalability Considerations.
Certified hypervisors
Red Hat Satellite is fully supported on both physical systems and virtual machines that run on
hypervisors that are supported to run Red Hat Enterprise Linux. For more information about certified
hypervisors, see Which hypervisors are certified to run Red Hat Enterprise Linux?
4
CHAPTER 1. PREPARING YOUR ENVIRONMENT FOR INSTALLATION
1.2. STORAGE REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES

This section lists minimum storage requirements and provides storage guidelines for Satellite Server and
Capsule Server installation.
1.2.1. Storage Requirements

The following tables detail storage requirements for specific directories. These values are based on
expected use case scenarios and can vary according to individual environments. The information in the
Capsule Server table relates to both Satellite Server’s integrated Capsule and any external Capsules you
want to use. Pay attention to your specific use case when reading the tables. For example, you can have
a Capsule Server without Pulp enabled, in which case you do not need the same level of storage
requirements for directories related to Pulp such as /var/lib/pulp/.
In the following two tables, the runtime size was measured with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6, and 7
repositories synchronized.
Table 1.1. Storage Requirements for a Connected Satellite Server Installation
Directory Installation Size Runtime Size
/var/cache/pulp/ 1 MB 20 GB
/var/lib/pulp/ 1 MB 500 GB
/var/lib/mongodb/ 3.5 GB 50 GB
/var/lib/qpidd/ 25 MB Not Applicable
/var/log/ 10 MB 250 MB
/var/lib/pgsql/ 100 MB 10 GB
/var/spool/squid/ 0 MB 10 GB
/usr 3 GB Not Applicable
/opt 500 MB Not Applicable
/opt/puppetlabs 180 MB Not Applicable
Table 1.2. Storage Requirements for Capsule Server Installation
/var/cache/pulp/ 1 MB 20 GB (Minimum)
/var/lib/pulp/ 1 MB 500 GB
5
/var/lib/mongodb/ 3.5 GB 50 GB
1.2.2. Storage Guidelines

Consider the following guidelines when installing Satellite Server to increase efficiency.
Because most Satellite and Capsule Server data is stored within the /var directory, mounting
/var on LVM storage can help the system to scale.
For the /var/lib/pulp/ and /var/lib/mongodb/ directories, use high-bandwidth, low-

latency storage, and solid state drives (SSD) rather than hard disk drives (HDD). As Red Hat
Satellite has many operations that are I/O intensive, using high latency, low-bandwidth storage
causes performance degradation. Ensure your installation has a speed in the range 60 - 80
Megabytes per second. You can use the fio tool to get this data. See the Red Hat
Knowledgebase solution Impact of Disk Speed on Satellite 6 Operations for more information on
using the fio tool.
The /var/lib/qpidd/ directory uses slightly more than 2 MB per Content Host managed by
the goferd service. For example, 10 000 Content Hosts require 20 GB of disk space in
/var/lib/qpidd/.
Using the same volume for the /var/cache/pulp/ and /var/lib/pulp/ directories can
decrease the time required to move content from /var/cache/pulp/ to /var/lib/pulp/
after synchronizing.
File System Guidelines
Use the XFS file system for Red Hat Satellite 6 because it does not have the inode limitations
that ext4 does. Because Satellite uses a lot of symbolic links it is likely that your system might
run out of inodes if using ext4 and the default number of inodes.
Do not use NFS with MongoDB because MongoDB does not use conventional I/O to access
data files and performance problems occur when both the data files and the journal files are
hosted on NFS. If required to use NFS, mount the volume with the following options in the
/etc/fstab file: bg, nolock, and noatime.
Do not use the GFS2 file system as the input-output latency is too high.
SELinux Considerations for NFS Mount

When /var/lib/pulp directory is mounted using an NFS share, SELinux blocks the synchronization
process. To avoid this, specify the SELinux context of the /var/lib/pulp directory in the file system
table by adding the following lines to /etc/fstab:
nfs.example.com:/nfsshare /var/lib/pulp/content nfs

context="system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_rw_content_t:s0" 1 2
If NFS share is already mounted, remount it using the above configuration and enter the following
command:
# chcon -R system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_rw_content_t:s0 /var/lib/pulp
6
Duplicated Packages
Packages that are duplicated in different repositories are only stored once on the disk. Additional
repositories containing duplicate packages require less additional storage. The bulk of storage resides in
the /var/lib/mongodb/ and /var/lib/pulp/ directories. These end points are not manually
configurable. Ensure that storage is available on the /var file system to prevent storage problems.
Temporary Storage
The /var/cache/pulp/ directory is used to temporarily store content while it is being synchronized.
For content in RPM format, a maximum of 5 RPM files are stored in this directory at any time. After each
file is synchronized, it is moved to the /var/lib/pulp/ directory. Up to 8 RPM content synchronization
tasks can run simultaneously by default, with each using up to 1 GB of metadata.
Software Collections
Software collections are installed in the /opt/rh/ and /opt/theforeman/ directories.
Write and execute permissions by the root user are required for installation to the /opt directory.
Symbolic links
You cannot use symbolic links for /var/lib/pulp/ and /var/lib/mongodb/,
1.3. SUPPORTED OPERATING SYSTEMS

You can install the operating system from disc, local ISO image, kickstart, or any other method that Red
Hat supports. Red Hat Satellite Server and Red Hat Satellite Capsule Server are supported only on the
latest versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server that is available at the time when Satellite 6.3 is
installed. Previous versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux including EUS or z-stream are not supported.
Red Hat Satellite Server and Red Hat Satellite Capsule Server require Red Hat Enterprise Linux
installations with the @Base package group with no other package-set modifications, and without third-
party configurations or software not directly necessary for the direct operation of the server. This
restriction includes hardening and other non-Red Hat security software. If you require such software in
your infrastructure, install and verify a complete working Satellite Server first, then create a backup of the
system before adding any non-Red Hat software.
It is recommended that the Satellite Server be a freshly provisioned system. It is also recommended that
Capsule Servers be freshly provisioned systems and not registered to the Red Hat CDN. Using the
system for anything other than running Satellite is not supported.
If any of the following exist on the system, they must be removed before installation:
Java virtual machines
Puppet RPM files
Additional yum repositories other than those explicitly required in this guide for installation
1.4. SUPPORTED BROWSERS

The following web browsers are fully supported:
Firefox versions 39 and later
Chrome versions 28 and later
7
The following web browsers are partially supported. The Satellite web UI interface functions correctly but
certain design elements may not align as expected:
Firefox version 38
Chrome version 27
Internet Explorer versions 10 and 11
NOTE
The web UI and command-line interface for Satellite Server supports English, Portuguese,
Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Italian, Spanish, Russian,
French, and German.
1.5. PORTS AND FIREWALLS REQUIREMENTS

To enable the components of Satellite architecture to communicate, specific network ports and network-
based firewalls must be open and free on the base operating system that you want to install Satellite on.
The following tables indicate the destination port and the direction of network traffic. Use this information
to configure any network-based firewalls. Note that some cloud solutions must be specifically configured
to allow communications between machines because they isolate machines similarly to network-based
firewalls. If you use an application-based firewall, ensure that the application-based firewall permits all
applications that are listed in the tables and known to your firewall. If possible, disable the application
checking and allow open port communication based on the protocol.
Integrated Capsule
Satellite Server has an integrated Capsule and any host that is directly connected to Satellite Server is a
Client of Satellite in the context of these tables. This includes the base system on which a Capsule
Server is running.
Clients of Capsule
Hosts which are clients of Capsules, other than Satellite’s integrated Capsule, do not need access to
Satellite Server. For more information on Satellite Topology, see Capsule Networking in Planning for Red
Hat Satellite 6.
Required ports can change based on your configuration.
Table 1.3. Ports for Satellite to Red Hat CDN Communication
Port Protocol Service Required For
443 TCP HTTPS Subscription Management Services

(access.redhat.com) and connecting to
the Red Hat CDN (cdn.redhat.com).
Except in the case of a disconnected Satellite, Satellite Server needs access to the Red Hat CDN. For a
list of IP addresses used by the Red Hat CDN (cdn.redhat.com), see the Knowledgebase article Public
CIDR Lists for Red Hat on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Table 1.4. Ports for Browser-based User Interface Access to Satellite
8
443 TCP HTTPS Browser-based UI access to Satellite
80 TCP HTTP Redirection to HTTPS for web UI

access to Satellite (Optional)
Table 1.5. Ports for Client to Satellite Communication
80 TCP HTTP Anaconda, yum, for obtaining Katello

certificates, templates, and for
downloading iPXE firmware
443 TCP HTTPS Subscription Management Services,

yum, Telemetry Services, and for
connection to the Katello Agent
5647 TCP amqp Katello Agent to communicate with

Satellite’s Qpid dispatch router
8000 TCP HTTPS Anaconda to download kickstart

templates to hosts, and for downloading
iPXE firmware
8140 TCP HTTPS Puppet agent to Puppet master

connections
9090 TCP HTTPS Sending SCAP reports to the Smart

Proxy in the integrated Capsule, for the
discovery image during provisioning,
and for communicating with Satellite
Server to copy the SSH keys for
Remote Execution (Rex) configuration
5000 TCP HTTPS Connection to Katello for the Docker

registry
53 TCP and UDP DNS Client DNS queries to a Satellite’s

integrated Capsule DNS service
(Optional)
67 UDP DHCP Client to Satellite’s integrated Capsule

broadcasts, DHCP broadcasts for
Client provisioning from a Satellite’s
integrated Capsule (Optional)
9
69 UDP TFTP Clients downloading PXE boot image

files from a Satellites' integrated
Capsule for provisioning (Optional)
Any managed host that is directly connected to Satellite Server is a client in this context because it is a
client of the integrated Capsule. This includes the base system on which a Capsule Server is running.
Table 1.6. Ports for Satellite to Capsule Communication
Port Protocol Service Required for
443 TCP HTTPS Connections to the Pulp server in the

Capsule
9090 TCP HTTPS Connections to the proxy in the

Capsule
80 TCP HTTP Downloading a bootdisk (Optional)
Table 1.7. Optional Network Ports
22 TCP SSH Satellite and Capsule originated

communications, for Remote Execution
(Rex) and Ansible.
443 TCP HTTPS Satellite originated communications, for

vCenter compute resource.
5000 TCP HTTP Satellite originated communications, for

compute resources in OpenStack or for
running containers.
22, 16514 TCP SSH, SSL/TLS Satellite originated communications, for

compute resources in libvirt.
389, 636 TCP LDAP, LDAPS Satellite originated communications, for

LDAP and secured LDAP
authentication sources.
5900 to 5930 TCP SSL/TLS Satellite originated communications, for

NoVNC console in web UI to
hypervisors.
10
1.6. ENABLING CONNECTIONS FROM A CLIENT TO SATELLITE

SERVER
Capsules and Content Hosts that are clients of a Satellite Server’s internal Capsule require access
through Satellite’s host-based firewall and any network-based firewalls.
Use this section to configure the host-based firewall on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 system that
Satellite is installed on, to enable incoming connections from Clients, and to make the configuration
persistent across system reboots. For more information on the ports used, see Section 1.5, “Ports and
Firewalls Requirements”.
Configuring the Firewall
1. To open the ports for Client to Satellite communication, enter the following command on the base
system that you want to install Satellite on:
# firewall-cmd \
--add-port="53/udp" --add-port="53/tcp" \
--add-port="67/udp" --add-port="69/udp" \
--add-port="80/tcp" --add-port="443/tcp" \
--add-port="9090/tcp"
2. Make the changes persistent:
# firewall-cmd --runtime-to-permanent
1.7. VERIFYING FIREWALL SETTINGS

You can verify changes to firewall settings using the firewall-cmd command.
To verify firewall settings:
# firewall-cmd --list-all
For more information, see Getting Started with firewalld in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Security Guide.
1.8. VERIFYING DNS RESOLUTION

Verify the full forward and reverse DNS resolution using a fully-qualified domain name to prevent issues
while installing Satellite.
Ensure that the host name and local host resolve correctly.
# ping -c1 localhost

# ping -c1 `hostname -f` # my_system.domain.com
Successful name resolution results in output similar to the following:
# ping -c1 localhost

PING localhost (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
11
64 bytes from localhost (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.043 ms
--- localhost ping statistics ---

1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.043/0.043/0.043/0.000 ms
# ping -c1 `hostname -f`

PING hostname.gateway (XX.XX.XX.XX) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from hostname.gateway (XX.XX.XX.XX): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.019
ms
--- localhost.gateway ping statistics ---

1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.019/0.019/0.019/0.000 ms
To avoid discrepancies with static and transient host names, set all the host names on the system by
entering the following command:
# hostnamectl set-hostname name
For more information, see the Configuring Host Names Using hostnamectl in the Red Hat Enterprise
Linux 7 Networking Guide.

WARNING
Name resolution is critical to the operation of Satellite 6. If Satellite cannot properly

resolve its fully qualified domain name, many options fail. Among these options are
content management, subscription management, and provisioning.
1.9. CHANGING DEFAULT SELINUX PORTS

Red Hat Satellite 6 uses a set of predefined ports. Because Red Hat recommends that SELinux on
Satellite 6 systems be set to permissive or enforcing, if you need to change the port for any service, you
also need to change the associated SELinux port type to allow access to the resources. You only need to
change these ports if you use non-standard ports.
For example, if you change the Satellite web UI ports (HTTP/HTTPS) to 8018/8019, you need to add
these port numbers to the httpd_port_t SELinux port type.
This change is also required for target ports. For example, when Satellite 6 connects to an external
source, like Red Hat Virtualization or Red Hat OpenStack Platform.
You only need to make changes to default port assignments once. Updating or upgrading Satellite has
no effect on these assignments. Updating only adds default SELinux ports if no assignments exist.
Before You Begin
SELinux must be enabled and running in permissive or enforcing mode before installing
Satellite. For more information, see the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 SELinux User’s and
Administrator’s Guide.
12
Changing default ports to user-specified ports
1. To change the port from the default port to a user-specified port, execute the commands using
values that are relevant to your environment. These examples use port 99999 for demonstration
purposes.
Default Port SELinux Command
80, 443, 8443 semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 99999
8080 semanage port -a -t http_cache_port_t -p tcp 99999
8140 semanage port -a -t puppet_port_t -p tcp 99999
9090 semanage port -a -t websm_port_t -p tcp 99999
69 semanage port -a -t tftp_port_t -p udp 99999
53 (TCP) semanage port -a -t dns_port_t -p tcp 99999
53 (UDP) semanage port -a -t dns_port_t -p udp 99999
67, 68 semanage port -a -t dhcpd_port_t -p udp 99999
5671 semanage port -a -t amqp_port_t -p tcp 99999
8000 semanage port -a -t soundd_port_t -p tcp 99999
7911 semanage port -a -t dhcpd_port_t -p tcp 99999
5000 on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 semanage port -a -t commplex_main_port_t -p tcp 99999
22 semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp 99999
16514 (libvirt) semanage port -a -t virt_port_t -p tcp 99999
389, 636 semanage port -a -t ldap_port_t -p tcp 99999
5910 to 5930 semanage port -a -t vnc_port_t -p tcp 99999
2. Disassociate the previously used port number and port type.
# semanage port -d -t virt_port_t -p tcp 99999
13
CHAPTER 2. INSTALLING SATELLITE SERVER

You can use this chapter to find information about installing Red Hat Satellite Server, performing the
initial configuration, creating and installing manifests, and performing additional configuration.
Red Hat Satellite 6.4 uses Puppet 5 by default. Review and update your Puppet modules to support
Puppet 5. For more information about updating your Puppet modules to support Puppet 5, see the
Upgrading Puppet section in the Satellite 6.4 Upgrading and Updating Red Hat Satellite guide.
NOTE
Ensure you have completed upgrading your Puppet modules to support Puppet 4 while
on Red Hat Satellite 6.3. For information on upgrading Puppet modules to Puppet 4, see
the Upgrading Puppet section in the Satellite 6.3 Upgrading and Updating Red Hat
Satellite guide.
There are two methods of installing Satellite Server:
Connected:
You can obtain the packages required to install Satellite Server directly from the Red Hat Content
Delivery Network (CDN). Using the CDN ensures that your system always receives the latest updates.
Disconnected:
You must use an external computer to download an ISO image of the packages and copy the packages
to the system you want to install Satellite Server on. Use an ISO image only if you require a
disconnected environment. The ISO image might not contain the latest updates.
NOTE
You cannot register Satellite Server to itself.
2.1. INSTALLING SATELLITE SERVER FROM A CONNECTED

NETWORK
When you install Satellite Server from a connected network, you can obtain packages and receive
updates directly from the Red Hat Content Delivery Network.
Note that the Satellite 6 installation script is based on Puppet, which means that if you run the installation
script more than once, it might overwrite any manual configuration changes. ⁠ To avoid this and
determine which future changes apply, use the --noop argument when you run the installation script.
This argument ensures that no actual changes are made. Potential changes are written to
/var/log/katello-installer.log.
Files are always backed up and so you can revert any unwanted changes. For example, in the katello-
installer logs, you can see an entry similar to the following about Filebucket:
/Stage[main]/Dhcp/File[/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf]: Filebucketed
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf to puppet with sum 622d9820b8e764ab124367c68f5fa3a1
You can restore the previous file as follows:
14
# puppet filebucket -l \
restore /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 622d9820b8e764ab124367c68f5fa3a1
2.1.1. Registering to Red Hat Subscription Management

Registering the host to Red Hat Subscription Management enables the host to subscribe to and
consume content for any subscriptions available to the user. This includes content such as Red Hat
Enterprise Linux, Red Hat Software Collections (RHSCL), and Red Hat Satellite.
Register your system with the Red Hat Content Delivery Network, entering your Customer Portal user
name and password when prompted:
# subscription-manager register
The command displays output similar to the following:
# subscription-manager register
Username: user_name
Password:
The system has been registered with ID: 541084ff2-44cab-4eb1-9fa1-
7683431bcf9a
2.1.2. Identifying and Attaching the Satellite Subscription to the Host

After you have registered your host, you need to identify and attach an available Satellite subscription.
The Satellite subscription provides access to the Satellite content, as well as Red Hat Enterprise Linux,
Red Hat Software Collections (RHSCL), and Red Hat Satellite. This is the only subscription required.
Every Red Hat subscription is identified by a Pool ID.
1. Identify your Satellite subscription.
# subscription-manager list --available --matches 'Red Hat

Satellite'
This command performs a case-insensitive search of all available subscriptions' fields, including
Subscription Name and Provides, matching any instances of Red Hat Satellite.
Subscriptions are classified as available if they are not already attached to a system. The search
string may also contain the wildcards ? or * to match a single character or zero or more
characters, respectively. The wildcard characters may be escaped with a backslash to represent
a literal question mark or asterisk. Likewise, to represent a backslash, it must be escaped with
another backslash.
If you are unable to find an available Satellite subscription, see the Red Hat Knowledgebase
solution How do I figure out which subscriptions have been consumed by clients registered
under Red Hat Subscription Manager? to run a script to allow you to see if your subscription is
being consumed by another system.
If the output is too long, pipe it into a pager utility, such as less or more, so that you can look
over the output one screenful at a time.
a. Regardless of which form of the subscription-manager command is run, the output

should be similar to the following:
15
Subscription Name: Red Hat Satellite

Provides: Red Hat Satellite 6
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server
Red Hat Satellite
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Load Balancer (for
RHEL Server)
SKU: MCT0370
Pool ID: 8a85f9874152663c0541943739717d11
Available: 3
Suggested: 1
Service Level: Premium
Service Type: L1-L3
Multi-Entitlement: No
Ends: 10/07/2014
System Type: Physical
2. Make a note of the Pool ID so that you can attach it to your Satellite host. Your Pool ID is
different than the example provided.
3. To attach your subscription to your Satellite Server, enter the following command, using your
Pool ID:
# subscription-manager attach --pool=pool_id
The output should be similar to the following:
Successfully attached a subscription for: Red Hat Satellite
4. To verify that the subscriptions are successfully attached, enter the following command:
# subscription-manager list --consumed
The outputs displays something similar to the following:
+-------------------------------------------+
Consumed Subscriptions
+-------------------------------------------+
Subscription Name: Red Hat Satellite
Provides: Red Hat Satellite
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server
Red Hat Software Collections (for RHEL Server)
Red Hat Satellite
Red Hat Satellite 6
Red Hat Software Collections (for RHEL Server)
Red Hat Satellite Capsule
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Load Balancer (for RHEL
Server)
Red Hat Satellite with Embedded Oracle
Red Hat Satellite Capsule
Red Hat Enterprise Linux High Availability (for
RHEL Server)
SKU: MCT0370
Contract: 10293569
Account: 5361051
16
Serial: 1653856191250699363
Pool ID: 8a85f9874152663c0541943739717d11
Active: True
Quantity Used: 1
Service Level: Premium
Service Type: L1-L3
Status Details:
Starts: 10/08/2013
Ends: 10/07/2014
System Type: Physical
2.1.3. Configuring Repositories

1. Disable all existing repositories.
# subscription-manager repos --disable "*"
2. Enable the Red Hat Satellite, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and Red Hat Software Collections
repositories.
# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rpms \

--enable=rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms \
--enable=rhel-7-server-satellite-6.4-rpms \
--enable=rhel-7-server-satellite-maintenance-6-rpms \
--enable=rhel-7-server-ansible-2.6-rpms
NOTE
If you are installing Red Hat Satellite as a virtual machine hosted on Red Hat
Virtualization (RHV), you also need to enable the Red Hat Common repository,
and install RHV guest agents and drivers. For more information, see Installing the
Guest Agents and Drivers on Red Hat Enterprise Linux in the Virtual Machine
Management Guide for more information.
3. Ensure that Red Hat Subscription Manager is not set to use a specific operating system release.
# subscription-manager release --unset
4. Clear out any metadata left from any non-Red Hat yum repositories.
# yum clean all
5. Verify that the repositories have been enabled.
# yum repolist enabled
2.1.4. Installing the Satellite Server Packages

You must update all packages before installing the Satellite Server packages. After installation, you must
perform the initial configuration of Satellite Server, including configuring server certificates, setting your
user name, password, and the default organization and location.
17
1. Update all packages.
# yum update
2. Install the installation package.
# yum install satellite
3. Go to Section 2.2, “Performing the Initial Configuration” to run the installation script and perform
the initial configuration of your Satellite Server.
2.1.5. Downloading and Installing Packages Manually

If required to download a package manually, proceed as follows:
1. Go to Red Hat Customer Portal and log in.
2. Click DOWNLOADS.
3. Select Red Hat Satellite.
4. Ensure that you have the correct product and version for your environment.
Product Variant is set to Red Hat Satellite.
Version is set to the latest minor version of the product you are using as the base system.
Architecture is set to the 64 bit version.
5. On the Packages tab, enter the name of the package required in the Search box.
6. Click Download Latest next to the package required.
7. Copy the package to the Satellite base system or another accessible storage device:
# scp localfile username@hostname:remotefile
8. Change to the directory where the package is located:
# cd /path-to-package/
9. Install the package locally:
# yum localinstall package_name
2.2. PERFORMING THE INITIAL CONFIGURATION

This section details how to perform the initial configuration of the host operating system when installing
Red Hat Satellite Server. This includes synchronizing the time, installing the sos package, and specifying
an installation option.
Before you continue, consider which manifests or packages are relevant for your environment. For more
information on manifests, see Managing Subscriptions in the Red Hat Satellite Content Management
Guide.
18
2.2.1. Synchronizing Time

You must start and enable a time synchronizer on the host operating system to minimize the effects of
time drift. If a system’s time is incorrect, certificate verification can fail.
Two NTP based time synchronizers are available: chronyd and ntpd. The chronyd implementation is
specifically recommended for systems that are frequently suspended and for systems that have
intermittent network access. The ntpd implementation should only be used when you specifically need
support for a protocol or driver not yet supported by chronyd.
For more information about the differences between ntpd and chronyd, see Differences Between ntpd
and chronyd in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 System Administrator’s Guide.
Synchronizing Time using chronyd
1. Install chronyd.
# yum install chrony
2. Start and enable the chronyd service.
# systemctl start chronyd

# systemctl enable chronyd
2.2.2. Installing the SOS Package on the Host Operating System

You should install the sos package on the host operating system. The sos package enables you to
collect configuration and diagnostic information from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system. You can also
use it to provide the initial system analysis, which is required when opening a service request with Red
Hat Technical Support. For more information on using sos, see the Knowledgebase solution What is a
sosreport and how to create one in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.6 and later? on the Red Hat Customer
Portal.
Install the sos package.
# yum install sos
2.2.3. Specifying Installation Options

Satellite Server is installed using the satellite-installer installation script and as part of the initial
configuration, you either automatically or manually configure Satellite.
Choose from one of these two methods:
Automatic Configuration - This method is performed by using an answer file to automate the
configuration process when running the installation script. An answer file is a file containing a list
of parameters that are read by a command or script. The default Satellite answer file is
/etc/foreman-installer/scenarios.d/satellite-answers.yaml. The answer file in
use is set by the answer_file directive in the /etc/foreman-
installer/scenarios.d/satellite.yaml configuration file.
To perform the initial configuration using the installation script with an answer file, see
Section 2.2.3.2, “Performing the Initial Configuration Automatically using an Answer File”.
Manual Configuration - This method is performed by running the installation script with one or
19
more command options. The command options override the corresponding default initial
configuration options and are recorded in the Satellite answer file. You can run the script as often
as needed to configure any necessary options.
To perform the initial configuration using the installation script with command-line options, see
Section 2.2.3.1, “Performing the Initial Configuration Manually”.
NOTE
Depending on the options that you use when running the Satellite installer, the
configuration can take several minutes to complete. An administrator is able to view the
answer file to see previously used options for both methods.
2.2.3.1. Performing the Initial Configuration Manually
This initial configuration procedure creates an organization, location, user name, and password. After the
initial configuration, you can create additional organizations and locations if required. The initial
configuration also installs MongoDB and PostgreSQL databases on the same server. Depending on your
deployment, using external databases can benefit performance.
The installation process can take tens of minutes to complete. If you are connecting remotely to the
system, consider using a utility such as screen that allows suspending and reattaching a
communication session so that you can check the installation progress in case you become
disconnected from the remote system. The Red Hat Knowledgebase article How to use the screen
command describes installing screen; alternately see the screen manual page for more information. If
you lose connection to the shell where the installation command is running, see the log at
/var/log/foreman-installer/satellite.log to determine if the process completed
successfully.
Manually configuring Satellite Server
Use the satellite-installer --scenario satellite --help command to display the

available options and any default values. If you do not specify any values, the default values are used.
It is recommended to specify a meaningful value for the option: --foreman-initial-organization.

This can be your company name. An internal label that matches the value is also created and cannot be
changed afterwards. If you do not specify a value, an organization called Default Organization with the
label Default_Organization is created. You can rename the organization name but not the label.
By default, all configuration files configured by the installer are managed by Puppet. When satellite-
installer runs, it overwrites any manual changes to the Puppet managed files with the initial values.
By default, Satellite Server is installed with the Puppet agent running as a service. If required, you can
disable Puppet agent on Satellite Server using the --puppet-runmode=none option.
If you want to manage DNS files and DHCP files manually, use the --foreman-proxy-dns-
managed=false and --foreman-proxy-dhcp-managed=false options so that Puppet does not
manage the files related to the respective services. For more information on how to apply custom
configuration on other services, see Appendix B, Applying Custom Configuration to Red Hat Satellite.
If you want to use external databases with Satellite, before you run the satellite installer tool, you must
set up and point to external databases. For more information, see Using External Databases with
Satellite in Installing Satellite Server from a Connected Network.
# satellite-installer --scenario satellite \

--foreman-initial-organization "initial_organization_name" \
--foreman-initial-location "initial_location_name" \
20
--foreman-admin-username admin_user_name \
--foreman-admin-password admin_password \
--foreman-proxy-dns-managed=false \
--foreman-proxy-dhcp-managed=false
The script displays its progress and writes logs to /var/log/foreman-installer/satellite.log.
If you have been installing in a disconnected environment, unmount the ISO images.
# umount /media/sat6
# umount /media/rhel7-server
2.2.3.2. Performing the Initial Configuration Automatically using an Answer File
You can use answer files to automate installations with customized options. The initial answer file is
sparsely populated and after you run the satellite-installer script the first time, the answer file is
populated with the standard parameter values for installation. If you have already installed
Satellite Server using the method described in Section 2.2.3.1, “Performing the Initial Configuration
Manually”, then you do not need to use this method. You can, however, use it to make changes to the
configuration of Satellite Server at any time.
You should use the FQDN instead of the IP address where possible in case of network changes.
Automatically configuring Satellite Server using an Answer File
1. Copy the default answer file /etc/foreman-installer/scenarios.d/satellite-

answers.yaml to a location on your local file system.
# cp /etc/foreman-installer/scenarios.d/satellite-answers.yaml \
/etc/foreman-installer/scenarios.d/my-answer-file.yaml
2. To view all of the configurable options, enter the satellite-installer --scenario

satellite --help command.
3. Open your copy of the answer file, edit the values to suit your environment, and save the file.
4. Open the /etc/foreman-installer/scenarios.d/satellite.yaml file and edit the

answer file entry to point to your custom answer file.
:answer_file: /etc/foreman-installer/scenarios.d/my-answer-file.yaml
5. Run the satellite-installer script.
# satellite-installer --scenario satellite
6. If you have been installing in a disconnected environment, unmount the ISO images.
# umount /media/sat6
# umount /media/rhel7-server
2.2.4. Creating a Subscription Allocation in Customer Portal
21
You can access your subscription information on the Red Hat Customer Portal. You can also assign
subscriptions for use in on-premise management applications, such as Red Hat Satellite, using
subscription allocations.
1. Open https://access.redhat.com/ in your browser and log in to your Red Hat account.
2. Navigate to Subscriptions in the upper-left corner of the Customer Portal.
3. Navigate to Subscription Allocations.
4. Click Create New subscription allocation.
5. In the Name field, enter a name.
6. From the Type list, select the type and version that corresponds to your Satellite Server.
7. Click Create.
2.2.5. Adding Subscriptions to an Allocation

The following procedure explains how to add subscriptions to an allocation.
1. Navigate to Subscription Allocations.
2. Select the name of the subscription you want to change.
3. Click the Subscriptions tab.
4. Click Add Subscriptions.
5. A list of your Red Hat product subscriptions appears. Enter the Entitlement Quantity for each
product.
6. Click Submit to complete the assignment.
When you have added subscriptions to the allocation, export the manifest file.
2.2.6. Exporting a Subscription Manifest from the Customer Portal

While viewing a subscription allocation that has at least one subscription, you can export a manifest in
either of two places:
From the Details tab, under the Subscription section, by clicking the Export Manifest button.
From the Subscriptions tab, by clicking the Export Manifest button.
When the manifest is exported, the Customer Portal encodes the selected subscriptions certificates and
creates a .zip archive. This is the Subscription Manifest, which can be uploaded into the Satellite Server.
2.2.6.1. Importing a Subscription Manifest into the Satellite Server
Both the Red Hat Satellite 6 Web UI and CLI provide methods for importing the manifest.
For Web UI Users
1. Ensure the context is set to the organization you want to use.
22
2. Navigate to Content > Red Hat Subscriptions.
3. Click Manage Manifest to display the manifest page for the organization.
4. Click Choose file, select the Subscription Manifest, then click Upload.
For CLI Users

The Red Hat Satellite 6 CLI requires the manifest to be on the Satellite Server. On your local client
system, copy the manifest to the Satellite Server:
[user@client ~]$ scp ~/manifest_file.zip root@satellite.example.com:~/.
Then import it using the following command:
[root@satellite ~]# hammer subscription upload \

--file ~/manifest_file.zip \
--organization "organization_name"
After a few minutes, the CLI reports a successful manifest import.
When you complete this section, you can enable repositories and import Red Hat content. This is a
prerequisite for some of the following procedures. For more information, see Importing Red Hat Content
in the Red Hat Satellite Content Management Guide.
23
CHAPTER 3. PERFORMING ADDITIONAL CONFIGURATION ON

SATELLITE SERVER
3.1. INSTALLING THE SATELLITE TOOLS REPOSITORY

The Satellite Tools repository provides the katello-agent and puppet packages for clients
registered to Satellite Server. Installing the katello agent is recommended to allow remote updates of
clients. The base system of a Capsule Server is a client of Satellite Server and therefore should also
have the katello agent installed.
To Install the Satellite Tools Repository Using the Web UI:
1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Content > Red Hat Repositories.
2. Use the Search field to enter the following repository name: Red Hat Satellite Tools 6.4 (for
RHEL 7 Server) (RPMs).
3. In the Available Repositories pane, click on Red Hat Satellite Tools 6.4 (for RHEL 7 Server)
(RPMs) to expand the repository set.
If the Red Hat Satellite Tools 6.4 items are not visible, it may be because they are not included
in the Subscription Manifest obtained from the Customer Portal. To correct that, log in to the
Customer Portal, add these repositories, download the Subscription Manifest and import it into
Satellite.
4. For the x86_64 entry, click the Enable icon to enable the repository.
Enable the Satellite Tools repository for every supported major version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux
running on your hosts. After enabling a Red Hat repository, a Product for this repository is automatically
created.
For CLI Users

Enable the Satellite Tools repository:
# hammer repository-set enable --organization "initial_organization_name"

\
--product 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server' \
--basearch='x86_64' \
--name 'Red Hat Satellite Tools 6.4 (for RHEL 7 Server) (RPMs)'
To Synchronize the Satellite Tools Repository Using the Web UI:
1. Navigate to Content > Sync Status.

A list of product repositories available for synchronization is displayed.
2. Click the arrow next to the product content to view available content.
3. Select the content you want to synchronize.
4. Click Synchronize Now.
For CLI Users

Synchronize your Satellite Tools repository:
24
CHAPTER 3. PERFORMING ADDITIONAL CONFIGURATION ON SATELLITE SERVER
$ hammer repository synchronize --organization "initial_organization_name"

\
--product 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server' \
--name 'Red Hat Satellite Tools 6.4 for RHEL 7 Server RPMs x86_64' \
--async
excluding
3.2. CONFIGURING SATELLITE SERVER WITH AN HTTP PROXY

If your network uses an HTTP Proxy, you can configure Satellite Server to use an HTTP proxy for
requests to the Red Hat Content Delivery Network (CDN) or another content source. Use the FQDN
instead of the IP address where possible to avoid losing connectivity because of network changes.
The following procedure configures a proxy only for downloading content for Satellite.
Authentication Methods
Only basic authentication is supported: add your user name and password information to the --
katello-proxy-url option, or use the --katello-proxy-username and --katello-proxy-
password options.
To Configure Satellite with an HTTP Proxy
1. Verify that the http_proxy, https_proxy, and no_proxy variables are not set.
# unset http_proxy
# unset https_proxy
# unset no_proxy
2. Run satellite-installer with the HTTP proxy options.

--katello-proxy-url=http://myproxy.example.com \
--katello-proxy-port=8080 \
--katello-proxy-username=proxy_username \
--katello-proxy-password='proxy_password'
3. Verify that Satellite Server can connect to the Red Hat CDN and can synchronize its
repositories.
a. On the network gateway and the HTTP Proxy, enable TCP for the following host names:
Host name Port Protocol
subscription.rhsm.redhat.com 443 HTTPS
cdn.redhat.com 443 HTTPS
*.akamaiedge.net 443 HTTPS
cert-api.access.redhat.com (if using Red Hat 443 HTTPS

Insights)
25
Host name Port Protocol
api.access.redhat.com (if using Red Hat 443 HTTPS

Insights)
Satellite Server communicates with the Red Hat CDN securely over SSL. Use of an SSL
interception proxy interferes with this communication. These hosts must be whitelisted on
the proxy.
For a list of IP addresses used by the Red Hat CDN (cdn.redhat.com), see the
Knowledgebase article Public CIDR Lists for Red Hat on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
b. On Satellite Server, complete the following details in the /etc/rhsm/rhsm.conf file:
# an http proxy server to use (enter server FQDN)

proxy_hostname = myproxy.example.com
# port for http proxy server

proxy_port = 8080
# user name for authenticating to an http proxy, if needed

proxy_user =
# password for basic http proxy auth, if needed

proxy_password =
SELinux Considerations for Custom Ports

SELinux ensures access of Red Hat Satellite 6 and Red Hat Subscription Manager only to specific ports.
In the case of the HTTP cache, the TCP ports are 8080, 8118, 8123, and 10001 - 10010. If you use a
port that does not have SELinux type http_cache_port_t, complete the following steps:
1. To verify the ports that are permitted by SELinux for the HTTP cache, enter a command as
follows:
# semanage port -l | grep http_cache

http_cache_port_t tcp 8080, 8118, 8123, 10001-10010
[output truncated]
2. To configure SELinux to permit a port for the HTTP cache, for example 8088, enter a command
as follows:
# semanage port -a -t http_cache_port_t -p tcp 8088
For more information on SELinux port settings, see Section 1.9, “Changing Default SELinux ports”.
3.3. USING AN HTTP PROXY FOR ALL SATELLITE HTTP REQUESTS

If your Satellite Server must remain behind a firewall that blocks HTTP and HTTPS, you can configure a
proxy for communication with external systems, including compute resources.
26
Note that if you are using compute resources for provisioning, and you want to use a different HTTP
proxy with the compute resources, the proxy that you set for all Satellite communication takes
precedence over the proxies that you set for compute resources.
To set an HTTP proxy for all outgoing HTTP connections from Satellite, complete the following steps:
1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Settings.
2. In the HTTP(S) proxy row, select the adjacent Value column and enter the proxy URL.
3. Click the tick icon to save your changes.
Excluding Hosts from Receiving Proxied Requests

If you use an HTTP Proxy for all Satellite HTTP or HTTPS requests, you can prevent certain hosts from
communicating through the proxy.
To exclude one or more hosts from communicating through the proxy, complete the following steps:
1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Settings.
2. In the HTTP(S) proxy except hosts row, select the adjacent Value column and enter the names
of one or more hosts that you want to exclude from proxy requests.
3. Click the tick icon to save your changes.
3.4. ENABLING POWER MANAGEMENT ON MANAGED HOSTS

When you enable the baseboard management controller (BMC) module on Satellite Server, you can use
power management commands on managed hosts using the intelligent platform management interface
(IPMI) or a similar protocol.
The BMC service enables you to perform a range of power management tasks. The underlying protocol
for this feature is IPMI; also referred to as the BMC function. IPMI uses a special network interface on
the managed hardware that is connected to a dedicated processor that runs independently of the host’s
CPUs. In many instances the BMC functionality is built into chassis-based systems as part of chassis
management (a dedicated module in the chassis).
For more information on the BMC service, see Configuring an Additional Network Interface in Managing
Hosts.
Before You Begin
All managed hosts must have a network interface, with type BMC. Satellite uses this NIC to pass
the appropriate credentials to the host.
Enable Power Management on Managed Hosts
1. Run the installer with the options to enable BMC.
# satellite-installer --foreman-proxy-bmc "true" \

--foreman-proxy-bmc-default-provider "freeipmi"
3.5. CONFIGURING DNS, DHCP, AND TFTP ON SATELLITE SERVER
27
You can configure DNS, DHCP, and TFTP on Satellite Server.
If you want to configure external services, see Configuring External Services for more information.
If you want to disable these services in Satellite in order to manage them manually, see Disabling DNS,
DHCP, and TFTP for Unmanaged Networks for more information.
To view a complete list of configurable options, enter the satellite-installer --scenario

satellite --help command.
Before You Begin
Contact your network administrator to ensure that you have the correct settings.
You should have the following information available:
DHCP IP address ranges
DHCP gateway IP address
DHCP nameserver IP address
DNS information
TFTP server name
Use the FQDN instead of the IP address where possible in case of network changes.
NOTE
The information in the task is an example. You should use the information relevant to your
own environment.
Configure DNS, DHCP, and TFTP on Satellite Server
1. Run satellite-installer with the options appropriate for your environment.

--foreman-proxy-dns true \
--foreman-proxy-dns-managed true \
--foreman-proxy-dns-interface eth0 \
--foreman-proxy-dns-zone example.com \
--foreman-proxy-dns-forwarders 172.17.13.1 \
--foreman-proxy-dns-reverse 13.17.172.in-addr.arpa \
--foreman-proxy-dhcp true \
--foreman-proxy-dhcp-managed true \
--foreman-proxy-dhcp-interface eth0 \
--foreman-proxy-dhcp-range "172.17.13.100 172.17.13.150" \
--foreman-proxy-dhcp-gateway 172.17.13.1 \
--foreman-proxy-dhcp-nameservers 172.17.13.2 \
--foreman-proxy-tftp true \
--foreman-proxy-tftp-managed true \
--foreman-proxy-tftp-servername $(hostname)
For more information about configuring DHCP, DNS, and TFTP services, see the Configuring
Network Services section in the Provisioning Guide.
28
The script displays its progress and writes logs to /var/log/foreman-

installer/satellite.log. You can view the settings used, including the
admin_password parameter, in the /etc/foreman-
installer/scenarios.d/satellite-answers.yaml file.
NOTE
Any changes to the settings require running satellite-installer again. You can run the
script multiple times and it updates all configuration files with the changed values.
3.6. DISABLING DNS, DHCP, AND TFTP FOR UNMANAGED

NETWORKS
Satellite 6 provides full management capabilities for TFTP, DHCP, and DNS network services running on
Satellite’s internal or external Capsules. If you want to manage those services manually or use some
external method, then Satellite 6 cannot directly integrate with them. While it is possible to develop
custom integration scripts using Foreman Hooks (such as creating DNS records after a new host is
created), this integration, also known as orchestration, must be disabled in order to prevent DHCP and
DNS validation errors.
1. In the web UI, go to Infrastructure > Subnets and select a subnet.
2. On the Capsules tab, ensure that there is no DHCP Capsule or TFTP Capsule associated by
setting the drop-down list to None.
3. Disable forward record orchestration.
a. Go to Infrastructure > Domains and select a domain.
b. On the Domain tab, setting the DNS Capsule drop-down list to None.
4. Disable reverse (PTR) record orchestration.
a. Go to Infrastructure > Subnets and select a subnet.
b. On the Capsules tab, setting the Reverse DNS Capsule drop-down list to None.
5. Optional: If you use a DHCP service supplied by a third party, configure your DHCP server to
pass the following options:
Option 66: IP_address_of_Satellite_or_Capsule

Option 67: /pxelinux.0
For more information about DHCP options, see RFC 2132.
NOTE
Satellite 6 does not perform orchestration when a Capsule is not set for a given subnet
and domain. When enabling or disabling Capsule associations, orchestration commands
for existing hosts can fail if the expected records and configuration files are not present.
When associating a Capsule in order to turn orchestration on, make sure the required
DHCP and DNS records as well as the TFTP files are in place for existing Satellite 6
managed hosts in order to prevent host deletion failures in the future.
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3.7. CONFIGURING SATELLITE SERVER FOR OUTGOING EMAILS

To send email messages from Satellite Server, you can use either an SMTP server, or the sendmail
command.
Prerequisites
If you have upgraded from a previous release, rename or remove the configuration file
/usr/share/foreman/config/email.yaml and restart the httpd service. For example:
# mv /usr/share/foreman/config/email.yaml \
/usr/share/foreman/config/email.yaml-backup
# systemctl restart httpd
To Configure Satellite Server for Outgoing Emails:
1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer → Settings.
2. Click the Email tab and set the configuration options to match your preferred delivery method.
The changes have an immediate effect.
a. The following example shows the configuration options for using an SMTP server:
Table 3.1. Using an SMTP server as a delivery method
Name Example value
Delivery method SMTP
SMTP address smtp.example.com
SMTP authentication login
SMTP HELO/EHLO domain example.com
SMTP password password
SMTP port 25
SMTP username satellite@example.com
The SMTP username and SMTP password specify the login credentials for the SMTP
server.
b. The following example uses gmail.com as an SMTP server:
Table 3.2. Using gmail.com as an SMTP server
Name Example value
Delivery method SMTP
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Name Example value
SMTP address smtp.gmail.com
SMTP authentication plain
SMTP HELO/EHLO domain smtp.gmail.com
SMTP enable StartTLS auto Yes
SMTP password password
SMTP port 587
SMTP username user@gmail.com
c. The following example uses the sendmail command as a delivery method:
Table 3.3. Using sendmail as a delivery method
Name Example value
Delivery method Sendmail
Sendmail arguments -i -t -G
The Sendmail arguments specify the options passed to the sendmail command. The
default value is -i -t. For more information see the sendmail 1 man page.
3. If you decide to send email using an SMTP server which uses TLS authentication, also perform
one of the following steps:
Mark the CA certificate of the SMTP server as trusted. To do so, execute the following
commands on Satellite Server:
# cp mailca.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/
# update-ca-trust enable
# update-ca-trust
Where mailca.crt is the CA certificate of the SMTP server.
Alternatively, in the web UI, set the SMTP enable StartTLS auto option to No.
4. Click Test email to send a test message to the user’s email address to confirm the configuration
is working. If a message fails to send, the web UI displays an error. See the log at
/var/log/foreman/production.log for further details.
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NOTE
For information on configuring email notifications for individual users or user groups, see
Configuring Email Notifications in Administering Red Hat Satellite.
3.8. CONFIGURING SATELLITE SERVER WITH A CUSTOM SERVER

CERTIFICATE
SSL certificates are used to protect information and enable secure communication. Red Hat Satellite 6
creates self-signed SSL certificates to enable encrypted communications between the Satellite Server,
external Capsule Servers, and all hosts. Instead of using these self-signed certificates, you can install
custom SSL certificates issued by a Certificate Authority which is an external, trusted company. For
example, your company might have a security policy stating that SSL certificates must be obtained from
a Certificate Authority. To obtain the certificate, create a Certificate Signing Request and send it to the
Certificate Authority, as described in Section 3.8.1, “Obtain an SSL Certificate for the Satellite Server”. In
return, you receive a signed SSL certificate.
NOTE
Obtain custom SSL certificates for the Satellite Server and all external Capsule Servers
before starting this procedure.
To use a custom certificate on Satellite Server, complete these steps:
1. Section 3.8.1, “Obtain an SSL Certificate for the Satellite Server”
2. Section 3.8.2, “Validate the Satellite Server’s SSL Certificate”
3. Section 3.8.3, “Run the Satellite Installer with Custom Certificate Parameters”
4. Section 3.8.4, “Install the New Certificate on all Hosts Connected to the Satellite Server”
5. If you have external Capsule Servers registered to the Satellite Server, proceed to Configuring
Capsule Server with a Custom Server Certificate in the Installing Capsule Server guide to
configure the Capsule Servers to use a custom certificate.
3.8.1. Obtain an SSL Certificate for the Satellite Server
IMPORTANT
Only PEM encoding must be used for the SSL Certificates.
NOTE
If you already have a custom SSL Certificate for the Satellite Server, skip this procedure.
1. Create a directory to contain all the source certificate files, accessible to only the root user.
In these examples, the directory is /root/sat_cert.
# mkdir /root/sat_cert
# cd /root/sat_cert
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2. Create a private key with which to sign the Certificate Signing Request (CSR).
NOTE
If you already have a private key for the Satellite Server, skip this step.
# openssl genrsa -out /root/sat_cert/satellite_cert_key.pem 4096
3. Create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR)

A Certificate Signing Request is a text file containing details of the server for which you are
requesting a certificate. For this command, you provide the private key (output by the previous
step), answer some questions about the Satellite Server, and the Certificate Signing Request is
created.
NOTE
The certificate’s Common Name (CN) must match the fully-qualified domain
name (FQDN) of the server on which it is used. If you are requesting a certificate
for a Satellite Server, this is the FQDN of the Satellite Server. If you are
requesting a certificate for a Capsule Server, this is the FQDN of the
Capsule Server.
To confirm a server’s FQDN, enter the following command on that server:

hostname -f.
# openssl req -new \

-key /root/sat_cert/satellite_cert_key.pem \ 1
-out /root/sat_cert/satellite_cert_csr.pem 2
1 Satellite Server’s private key, used to sign the certificate
2 Certificate Signing Request file
Example Certificate Signing Request session
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be

incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name
or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:AU

State or Province Name (full name) []:Queensland
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Brisbane
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:Example
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Sales
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname)
[]:satellite.example.com
Email Address []:example@example.com
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Please enter the following 'extra' attributes

to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:password
An optional company name []:Example
4. Send the certificate request to the Certificate Authority.

When you submit the request, be sure to specify the lifespan of the certificate. The method for
sending the certificate request varies, so consult the Certificate Authority for the preferred
method. In response to the request you can expect to receive a Certificate Authority bundle, and
a signed certificate, in separate files.
3.8.2. Validate the Satellite Server’s SSL Certificate

Enter the katello-certs-check command with the required parameters as per the following
example. This validates the input files required for custom certificates and outputs the commands
necessary to install them on the Satellite Server, all Capsule Servers, and hosts under management with
Satellite.
1. Validate the custom SSL certificate input files. Change the files' names to match your files.
# katello-certs-check \
-c /root/sat_cert/satellite_cert.pem \ 1
-k /root/sat_cert/satellite_cert_key.pem \ 2
-b /root/sat_cert/ca_cert_bundle.pem 3
1 Certificate file for the Satellite Server, signed by your Certificate Authority
2 Satellite Server’s private key, used to sign the certificate
3 Certificate Authority bundle
Example output of katello-certs-check
Checking expiration of certificate: [OK]

Checking expiration of CA bundle: [OK]
Validating the certificate subject=
/C=AU/ST=Queensland/L=Brisbane/O=Example/OU=Sales/CN=satellite.example.com
/emailAddress=example@example.com
Checking to see if the private key matches the certificate: [OK]
Checking ca bundle against the cert file: [OK]
Checking for non ascii characters[OK]
Validation succeeded.
To install the Satellite server with the following custom certificates,

run:
satellite-installer --scenario satellite\

--certs-server-cert "/root/sat_cert/satellite_cert.pem"\
--certs-server-key "/root/sat_cert/satellite_cert_key.pem"\
--certs-server-ca-cert "/root/sat_cert/ca_cert_bundle.pem"
To update the certificates on a currently running Satellite installation,
34
run:
satellite-installer --scenario satellite\

--certs-server-cert "/root/sat_cert/satellite_cert.pem"\
--certs-server-key "/root/sat_cert/satellite_cert_key.pem"\
--certs-server-ca-cert "/root/sat_cert/ca_cert_bundle.pem"\
--certs-update-server --certs-update-server-ca
To use them inside a NEW $CAPSULE, run this command:
capsule-certs-generate --foreman-proxy-fqdn "$CAPSULE"\

--certs-tar "~/$CAPSULE-certs.tar"\
--server-cert "/root/sat_cert/satellite_cert.pem"\
--server-key "/root/sat_cert/satellite_cert_key.pem"\
--server-ca-cert "/root/sat_cert/ca_cert_bundle.pem"\
To use them inside an EXISTING $CAPSULE, run this command INSTEAD:
capsule-certs-generate --foreman-proxy-fqdn "$CAPSULE"\

--certs-tar "~/$CAPSULE-certs.tar"\
--server-cert "/root/sat_cert/satellite_cert.pem"\
--server-cert-req "/root/sat_cert/satellite_cert_csr.pem"\
--server-key "/root/sat_cert/satellite_cert_key.pem"\
--server-ca-cert "/root/sat_cert/ca_cert_bundle.pem"\
--certs-update-server
3.8.3. Run the Satellite Installer with Custom Certificate Parameters

Now that you have created an SSL certificate and verified it is valid for use with Red Hat Satellite 6, the
next step is to install the custom SSL certificate on the Satellite Server and all its hosts.
There is a minor variation to this step, depending on whether or not the Satellite Server is already
installed. If it is already installed, the existing certificates must be updated with those in the certificates
archive.
The commands in this section are output by the katello-certs-check command, as detailed in
Section 3.8.2, “Validate the Satellite Server’s SSL Certificate”, and can be copied and pasted into a
terminal.
1. Enter the satellite-installer command, depending on your situation:
a. If Satellite is already installed, enter the following command on the Satellite Server:

--certs-server-cert /root/sat_cert/satellite_cert.pem \
--certs-server-key /root/sat_cert/satellite_cert_key.pem \
--certs-server-ca-cert /root/sat_cert/ca_cert_bundle.pem \
--certs-update-server --certs-update-server-ca
Important parameters in this command include --certs-update-server and --certs-

update-server-ca, which specify that the server’s SSL certificate and certificate authority
are to be updated. For a brief description of all the installer’s parameters, enter the
command: satellite-installer --scenario satellite --help.
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NOTE
For all files in the satellite-installer command, use full path names,
not relative path names. The installer records all files' paths and names, and
if you enter the installer again, but from a different directory, it may fail as it is
unable to find the original files.
b. If Satellite is not already installed, enter the following command on the Satellite Server:

--certs-server-cert /root/sat_cert/satellite_cert.pem \
--certs-server-key /root/sat_cert/satellite_cert_key.pem \
--certs-server-ca-cert /root/sat_cert/ca_cert_bundle.pem
NOTE
For all files in the satellite-installer command, use full path names,
not relative path names. The installer records all files' paths and names, and
if you enter the installer again, but from a different directory, it may fail as it is
unable to find the original files.
2. Verify the certificate has been successfully installed on the Satellite Server before installing it on
hosts. On a computer with network access to the Satellite Server, start a web browser, navigate
to the URL https://satellite.example.com and view the certificate’s details.
3.8.4. Install the New Certificate on all Hosts Connected to the Satellite Server
Now that the custom SSL certificate has been installed on the Satellite Server, it must also be installed
on every host registered to the Satellite Server. Enter the following commands on all applicable hosts.
1. Delete the current katello-ca-consumer package on the host.
# yum remove 'katello-ca-consumer*'
2. Install the custom SSL certificate on the host.
# yum localinstall http://satellite.example.com/pub/katello-ca-

consumer-latest.noarch.rpm
3.9. USING EXTERNAL DATABASES WITH SATELLITE

As part of the installation process for Red Hat Satellite, the satellite-installer command installs
MongoDB and PostgreSQL databases on the same server as Satellite. In certain Satellite deployments,
using external databases can help with the server load. However, there are many factors that can affect
Satellite Server’s performance. Moving to an external database might not help your specific problem.
Depending on your requirements, you can use external databases for either MongoDB or PostgreSQL
database, or both.
Red Hat does not provide support or tools for external database maintenance. This includes backups,
upgrades, and database tuning. Customers using an external database require their own database
administrator to support and maintain the database.
36
If your Satellite deployment requires external databases, use the following information to set up and point
to external databases from Satellite.
3.9.1. MongoDB as an External Database Considerations

Pulp uses the MongoDB database. If you want to use MongoDB as an external database, the following
information can help you discern if this option is right for your Satellite configuration.
Advantages of External MongoDB
Increase in free memory and free CPU on Satellite
Flexibility to tune the MongoDB server’s system without adversely affecting Satellite operations
Disadvantages of External MongoDB
Increase in deployment complexity that can make troubleshooting more difficult
An external MongoDB server is an additional system to patch and maintain
If either the Satellite or the Mongo database server suffers a hardware or storage failure,
Satellite is not operational
If there is latency between the Satellite and the external database server, performance can
suffer
If you suspect that your Mongo database is slow, you can work with Red Hat Support to troubleshoot.
You might be encountering a configuration problem or existing performance problems with Satellite 6
that moving to an external database server might not help. Red Hat Support can examine existing known
issues and also work with the Satellite Engineering team to determine the root cause.
3.9.2. PostgreSQL as an External Database Considerations

Foreman, Katello, and Candlepin use the PostgreSQL database. If you want to use PostgreSQL as an
external database, the following information can help you discern if this option is right for your Satellite
configuration.
Advantages of External PostgreSQL:
Increase in free memory and free CPU on Satellite
Flexibility to set shared_buffers on the PostgreSQL database to a high number without the
risk of interfering with other services on Satellite
Flexibility to tune the PostgreSQL server’s system without adversely affecting Satellite
operations
Disadvantages of External PostgreSQL
Increase in deployment complexity that can make troubleshooting more difficult
The external PostgreSQL server is an additional system to patch and maintain
If either Satellite or the PostgreSQL database server suffers a hardware or storage failure,
Satellite is not operational
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If there is latency between the Satellite server and database server, performance can suffer
If you suspect that the PostgreSQL database on your Satellite is causing performance problems, use the
information in Satellite 6: How to enable postgres query logging to detect slow running queries to
determine if you have slow queries. Queries that take longer than one second are typically caused by
performance issues with large installations, and moving to an external database might not help. If you
have slow queries, contact Red Hat Support.
3.9.3. Overview
To create and use a remote database for Satellite, you must complete the following procedures:
1. Use Section 1.2, “Storage Requirements and Guidelines” to plan the storage requirements for
your external databases
2. Prepare PostgreSQL with databases for Foreman and Candlepin and dedicated users owning
them
3. Prepare MongoDB with user pulp owning the pulp_database
4. Follow the initial steps to install Satellite and ensure that the databases are accessible from
Satellite
5. Edit the parameters of satellite-installer to point to the new databases, and run
satellite-installer
Preparing Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7 for Database Installation

You require a freshly provisioned system with the latest Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7 that meets the
storage requirements from Section 1.2, “Storage Requirements and Guidelines”.
Subscriptions for Red Hat Software Collections and Red Hat Enterprise Linux do not provide the correct
service level agreement for using Satellite with external databases. You must also attach a Satellite
subscription to the base system that you want to use for the external database.
1. Use the instructions in Identifying and Attaching the Satellite Subscription to the Host to attach a
Satellite subscription to your server.
2. To install MongoDB and PostgreSQL servers on Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7, you must
disable all repositories and enable only the following repositories:
# subscription-manager repos --disable "*"

# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms \
--enable=rhel-7-server-rpms
3.9.4. Installing MongoDB

You can install only the same version of MongoDB that is installed with the satellite-installer
tool during an internal database installation. You can install MongoDB using Red Hat Software
Collections (RHSCL) repositories or from an external source, as long as the version is supported.
Satellite supports MongoDB version 3.4.
1. To install MongoDB, enter the following command:
# yum install rh-mongodb34 rh-mongodb34-syspaths
38
2. Start and enable the rh-mongodb34 service:
# systemctl start rh-mongodb34-mongod

# systemctl enable rh-mongodb34-mongod
3. Create a Pulp user on MongoDB for database pulp_database:
# mongo pulp_database \
--eval "db.createUser({user:'pulp',pwd:'pulp_password',roles:
[{role:'dbOwner', db:'pulp_database'},{ role: 'readWrite', db:
'pulp_database'}]})"
4. In the /etc/opt/rh/rh-mongodb34/mongod.conf file, specify the bind IP:
bindIp: your_mongodb_server_bind_IP,::1
5. Edit the /etc/opt/rh/rh-mongodb34/mongod.conf file to enable authentication in the

security section:
security:
authorization: enabled
6. Restart the rh-mongodb34-mongod service:
# systemctl restart rh-mongodb34-mongod
7. Open port 27017 for MongoDB:
# firewall-cmd --add-port=27017/tcp
8. Test the connection from Satellite to the external MongoDB for database pulp_database:
# scl enable rh-mongodb34 " mongo --host mongo.example.com \

-u pulp -p pulp_password --port 27017 --eval 'ping:1' pulp_database"
3.9.5. Installing PostgreSQL

You can install only the same version of PostgreSQL that is installed with the satellite-installer
tool during an internal database installation. Satellite supports only a specific version of PostgreSQL that
is available through Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7 repositories. You can install PostgreSQL using
rhel-7-server-rpms repositories or from an external source, as long as the version is supported. For
more information about the repository that contains the supported version of PostgreSQL, and what
version is supported, see the Package Manifest.
1. To install PostgreSQL, enter the following command:
# yum install postgresql-server
2. To initialize, start, and enable PostgreSQL service, enter the following commands:
39
# postgresql-setup initdb
# systemctl start postgresql
# systemctl enable postgresql
3. Edit the /var/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf file:
# vi /var/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf
4. Remove the # and edit to listen to inbound connections:
listen_addresses = "*"
5. Edit the /var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf file:
# vi /var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf
6. Add the following line to the file:
host all all satellite_server_ip/24 md5
7. Restart PostgreSQL service to update with the changes:
# systemctl restart postgresql
8. Open the postgresql port on the external PostgreSQL server:
# firewall-cmd --add-service=postgresql
9. Switch to the postgres user and start the PostgreSQL client:
$ su - postgres -c psql
10. Create two databases and dedicated roles, one for Satellite and one for Candlepin:
CREATE USER "foreman" WITH PASSWORD 'Foreman_Password';

CREATE USER "candlepin" WITH PASSWORD 'Candlepin_Password';
CREATE DATABASE foreman OWNER foreman;
CREATE DATABASE candlepin OWNER candlepin;
11. From Satellite Server, test that you can access the database:
# PGPASSWORD='Foreman_Password' psql -h postgres.example.com -p

5432 -U foreman -d foreman -c "SELECT 1 as ping"
# PGPASSWORD='Candlepin_Password' psql -h postgres.example.com -p
5432 -U candlepin -d candlepin -c "SELECT 1 as ping"
12. To install and configure the remote database for Satellite, enter the following command:
satellite-installer --scenario satellite \

--foreman-db-host postgres.example.com \
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--foreman-db-password Foreman_Password \
--foreman-db-database foreman \
--katello-candlepin-db-host postgres.example.com \
--katello-candlepin-db-name candlepin \
--katello-candlepin-db-password Candlepin_Password \
--katello-candlepin-manage-db false \
--katello-pulp-db-username pulp \
--katello-pulp-db-password pulp_password \
--katello-pulp-db-seeds mongo.example.com:27017 \
--katello-pulp-db-name pulp_database
You can query the status of your databases. For example, enter the following command with the --
only and add postgresql or rh-mongodb34-mongod:
For PostgreSQL, enter the following command:
# foreman-maintain service status --only postgresql
For MongoDB, enter the following command:
# foreman-maintain service status --only rh-mongodb34-mongod
3.10. RESTRICTING ACCESS TO MONGOD

Only the apache and root users should be allowed access to the MongoDB database daemon,
mongod, to reduce the risk of data loss.
Restrict access to mongod on Satellite and Capsule Servers using the following commands.
1. Configure the Firewall.
# firewall-cmd --direct --add-rule ipv4 filter OUTPUT 0 -o lo -p \

tcp -m tcp --dport 27017 -m owner --uid-owner apache -j ACCEPT \
&& firewall-cmd --direct --add-rule ipv6 filter OUTPUT 0 -o lo -p \
tcp -m tcp --dport 27017 -m owner --uid-owner root -j ACCEPT \
tcp -m tcp --dport 27017 -j DROP \
41

tcp -m tcp --dport 28017 -j DROP
2. Make the changes persistent:
42
CHAPTER 4. CONFIGURING EXTERNAL SERVICES

Some environments have existing DNS, DHCP, and TFTP services and do not need to use the Satellite
Server to provide these services. If you want to use external servers to provide DNS, DHCP, or TFTP,
you can configure them for use with Satellite Server.
If you want to disable these services in Satellite in order to manage them manually, see Disabling DNS,
DHCP, and TFTP for Unmanaged Networks for more information.
4.1. CONFIGURING SATELLITE WITH EXTERNAL DNS

You can configure Satellite to use an external server to provide DNS service.
1. Deploy a Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server and install the ISC DNS Service.
# yum install bind bind-utils
2. Create the configuration file for a domain.

The following example configures a domain virtual.lan as one subnet 192.168.38.0/24, a
security key named capsule, and sets forwarders to Google’s public DNS addresses (8.8.8.8
and 8.8.4.4). 192.168.38.2 is the IP address of a DNS server and 192.168.38.1 is the IP address
of a Satellite Server or a Capsule Server.
# cat /etc/named.conf
include "/etc/rndc.key";
controls {
inet 127.0.0.1 port 953 allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "capsule";
};
inet 192.168.38.2 port 953 allow { 192.168.38.1; 192.168.38.2; }
keys { "capsule"; };
};
options {
directory "/var/named";
forwarders { 8.8.8.8; 8.8.4.4; };
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
zone "38.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "dynamic/38.168.192-rev";
update-policy {
grant "capsule" zonesub ANY;
};
};
zone "virtual.lan" IN {
type master;
file "dynamic/virtual.lan";
update-policy {
grant "capsule" zonesub ANY;
};
};
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The inet line must be entered as one line in the configuration file.
3. Create a key file.
# ddns-confgen -k capsule
This command can take a long time to complete.
4. Copy and paste the output from the key section into a separate file called /etc/rndc.key.
# cat /etc/rndc.key
key "capsule" {
algorithm hmac-sha256;
secret "GeBbgGoLedEAAwNQPtPh3zP56MJbkwM84UJDtaUS9mw=";
};
IMPORTANT
This is the key used to change DNS server configuration. Only the root user
should read and write to it.
5. Create zone files.
# cat /var/named/dynamic/virtual.lan
$ORIGIN .
$TTL 10800 ; 3 hours
virtual.lan IN SOA service.virtual.lan.
root.virtual.lan. (
9 ; serial
86400 ; refresh (1 day)
3600 ; retry (1 hour)
604800 ; expire (1 week)
3600 ; minimum (1 hour)
)
NS service.virtual.lan.
$ORIGIN virtual.lan.
$TTL 86400 ; 1 day
capsule A 192.168.38.1
service A 192.168.38.2
6. Create the reverse zone file.
# cat /var/named/dynamic/38.168.192-rev
$ORIGIN .
$TTL 10800 ; 3 hours
38.168.192.in-addr.arpa IN SOA service.virtual.lan.
root.38.168.192.in-addr.arpa. (
4 ; serial
86400 ; refresh (1 day)
3600 ; retry (1 hour)
604800 ; expire (1 week)
3600 ; minimum (1 hour)
)
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NS service.virtual.lan.
$ORIGIN 38.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
$TTL 86400 ; 1 day
1 PTR capsule.virtual.lan.
2 PTR service.virtual.lan.
There should be no extra non-ASCII characters.
4.2. VERIFYING AND STARTING THE DNS SERVICE

1. Validate the syntax.
# named-checkconf -z /etc/named.conf
2. Start the server.
# systemctl restart named
3. Add a new host.

The following uses the example host 192.168.38.2. You should change this to suit your
environment.
# echo -e "server 192.168.38.2\n \

update add aaa.virtual.lan 3600 IN A 192.168.38.10\n \
send\n" | nsupdate -k /etc/rndc.key
4. Test that the DNS service can resolve the new host.
# nslookup aaa.virtual.lan 192.168.38.2
5. If necessary, delete the new entry.
# echo -e "server 192.168.38.2\n \

update delete aaa.virtual.lan 3600 IN A 192.168.38.10\n \
6. Configure the firewall for external access to the DNS service (UDP and TCP on port 53).
# firewall-cmd --add-port="53/udp" --add-port="53/tcp" \

&& firewall-cmd --runtime-to-permanent
4.3. CONFIGURING SATELLITE SERVER WITH EXTERNAL DHCP

You can use this section to configure your Red Hat Satellite Server to work with an external DHCP
server.
To configure the DHCP server and share the DHCP configuration and lease files
1. Deploy a Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server and install the ISC DHCP Service and Berkeley
Internet Name Domain (BIND).
# yum install dhcp bind
45
2. Generate a security token in an empty directory.
# dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-MD5 -b 512 -n HOST omapi_key
The above command can take a long time, for less-secure proof-of-concept deployments you
can use a non-blocking random number generator.
# dnssec-keygen -r /dev/urandom -a HMAC-MD5 -b 512 -n HOST omapi_key
This creates the key pair in two files in the current directory.
3. Copy the secret hash from the key.
# cat Komapi_key.+*.private |grep ^Key|cut -d ' ' -f2
4. Edit the dhcpd configuration file for all of the subnets and add the key as in the example:
# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
default-lease-time 604800;
max-lease-time 2592000;
log-facility local7;
subnet 192.168.38.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

range 192.168.38.10 192.168.38.100;
option routers 192.168.38.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option domain-search "virtual.lan";
option domain-name "virtual.lan";
option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;
}
omapi-port 7911;
key omapi_key {
algorithm HMAC-MD5;
secret "jNSE5YI3H1A8Oj/tkV4...A2ZOHb6zv315CkNAY7DMYYCj48Umw==";
};
omapi-key omapi_key;
5. Delete the two key files from the directory where you created them.
6. Define each subnet on the Satellite Server.

It is recommended to set up a lease range and reservation range separately to prevent conflicts.
For example, the lease range is 192.168.38.10 to 192.168.38.100 so the reservation range
(defined in the Satellite web UI) is 192.168.38.101 to 192.168.38.250. Do not set DHCP Capsule
for the defined Subnet yet.
7. Configure the firewall for external access to the DHCP server.
# firewall-cmd --add-service dhcp \

8. Determine the UID and GID numbers of the foreman user on the Satellite Server.
46
# id -u foreman
993
# id -g foreman
990
9. Create the same user and group with the same IDs on the DHCP server.
# groupadd -g 990 foreman

# useradd -u 993 -g 990 -s /sbin/nologin foreman
10. To make the configuration files readable, restore the read and execute flags.
# chmod o+rx /etc/dhcp/

# chmod o+r /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
# chattr +i /etc/dhcp/ /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
11. Start the DHCP service.
# systemctl start dhcpd
12. Export the DHCP configuration and leases files using NFS.
# yum install nfs-utils

# systemctl enable rpcbind nfs-server
# systemctl start rpcbind nfs-server nfs-lock nfs-idmapd
13. Create the DHCP configuration and leases files to be exported using NFS.
# mkdir -p /exports/var/lib/dhcpd /exports/etc/dhcp
14. Add the following line to the /etc/fstab file to create mount points for the newly created
directories.
/var/lib/dhcpd /exports/var/lib/dhcpd none bind,auto 0 0

/etc/dhcp /exports/etc/dhcp none bind,auto 0 0
15. Mount the file systems in /etc/fstab.
# mount -a
16. Ensure the following lines are present in /etc/exports:
/exports
192.168.38.1(rw,async,no_root_squash,fsid=0,no_subtree_check)
/exports/etc/dhcp
192.168.38.1(ro,async,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check,nohide)
/exports/var/lib/dhcpd
192.168.38.1(ro,async,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check,nohide)
17. Reload the NFS server.
47
# exportfs -rva
18. Configure the firewall for the DHCP omapi port 7911 for the Satellite Server.
# firewall-cmd --add-port="7911/tcp" \
19. If required, configure the firewall for external access to NFS.

Clients are configured using NFSv3.
Use the firewalld daemon’s NFS service to configure the firewall.
# firewall-cmd --zone public --add-service mountd \

&& firewall-cmd --zone public --add-service rpc-bind \
&& firewall-cmd --zone public --add-service nfs \
To configure the Satellite Server
1. Install the NFS client.
# yum install nfs-utils
2. Create the DHCP directories for NFS.
# mkdir -p /mnt/nfs/etc/dhcp /mnt/nfs/var/lib/dhcpd
3. Change the file owner.
# chown -R foreman-proxy /mnt/nfs
4. Verify communication with the NFS server and RPC communication paths.
# showmount -e your_DHCP_server_FQDN
# rpcinfo -p your_DHCP_server_FQDN
5. Add the following lines to the /etc/fstab file:
your_DHCP_server_FQDN:/exports/etc/dhcp /mnt/nfs/etc/dhcp nfs

ro,vers=3,auto,nosharecache,context="system_u:object_r:dhcp_etc_t:s0
" 0 0
your_DHCP_server_FQDN:/exports/var/lib/dhcpd /mnt/nfs/var/lib/dhcpd
nfs
ro,vers=3,auto,nosharecache,context="system_u:object_r:dhcpd_state_t
:s0" 0 0
6. Mount the file systems on /etc/fstab.
# mount -a
7. Read the relevant files.
48
# su foreman-proxy -s /bin/bash
bash-4.2$ cat /mnt/nfs/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
bash-4.2$ cat /mnt/nfs/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
bash-4.2$ exit
8. Run the satellite-installer script to make the following persistent changes to the
/etc/foreman-proxy/settings.d/dhcp.yml file.
# satellite-installer --foreman-proxy-dhcp=true \
--foreman-proxy-dhcp-provider=remote_isc \
--foreman-proxy-plugin-dhcp-remote-isc-dhcp-config
/mnt/nfs/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf \
--foreman-proxy-plugin-dhcp-remote-isc-dhcp-leases
/mnt/nfs/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases \
--foreman-proxy-plugin-dhcp-remote-isc-key-name=omapi_key \
--foreman-proxy-plugin-dhcp-remote-isc-key-
secret=jNSE5YI3H1A8Oj/tkV4...A2ZOHb6zv315CkNAY7DMYYCj48Umw== \
--foreman-proxy-plugin-dhcp-remote-isc-omapi-port=7911 \
--enable-foreman-proxy-plugin-dhcp-remote-isc \
--foreman-proxy-dhcp-server=your_DHCP_server_FQDN
9. Restart the foreman-proxy service.
# systemctl restart foreman-proxy
10. Log in to the Satellite Server web UI.
11. Go to Infrastructure > Capsules. Locate the appropriate Capsule Server and from the Actions
drop-down list, select Refresh. The DHCP feature should appear.
12. Associate the DHCP service with the appropriate subnets and domain.
4.4. CONFIGURING SATELLITE SERVER WITH EXTERNAL TFTP

Use this procedure to configure your Satellite Server with external TFTP services.
You can use TFTP services through NAT, for more information see Using TFTP services through NAT in
the Provisioning guide.
Before You Begin
You should have already configured NFS and the firewall for external access to NFS. See
Configuring Satellite Server with External DHCP.
Configure Satellite Server with External TFTP
1. Install and enable the TFTP server.
# yum install tftp-server syslinux
2. Enable and activate the tftp.socket unit.
49
# systemctl enable tftp.socket

# systemctl start tftp.socket
3. Configure the PXELinux environment.
# mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/{boot,pxelinux.cfg,grub2}
# cp /usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,menu.c32,chain.c32} \
/var/lib/tftpboot/
4. Restore SELinux file contexts.
# restorecon -RvF /var/lib/tftpboot/
5. Create the TFTP directory to be exported using NFS.
# mkdir -p /exports/var/lib/tftpboot
6. Add the newly created mount point to the /etc/fstab file.
/var/lib/tftpboot /exports/var/lib/tftpboot none bind,auto 0 0
7. Mount the file systems in /etc/fstab.
# mount -a
8. Ensure the following lines are present in /etc/exports:
/exports
192.168.38.1(rw,async,no_root_squash,fsid=0,no_subtree_check)
/exports/var/lib/tftpboot
192.168.38.1(rw,async,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check,nohide)
The first line is common to the DHCP configuration and therefore should already be present if
the previous procedure was completed on this system.
9. Reload the NFS server.
# exportfs -rva
4.4.1. Configuring the Firewall for External Access to TFTP

1. Configure the firewall (UDP on port 69).
# firewall-cmd --add-port="69/udp" \
4.5. CONFIGURING SATELLITE OR CAPSULE WITH EXTERNAL IDM

DNS
50
Red Hat Satellite can be configured to use a Red Hat Identity Management (IdM) server to provide the
DNS service. Two methods are described here to achieve this, both using a transaction key. For more
information on Red Hat Identity Management, see the Linux Domain Identity, Authentication, and Policy
Guide.
The first method is to install the IdM client which automates the process with the generic security service
algorithm for secret key transaction (GSS-TSIG) technology defined in RFC3645. This method requires
installing the IdM client on the Satellite Server or Capsule’s base system and having an account created
by the IdM server administrator for use by the Satellite administrator. See Section 4.5.1, “Configuring
Dynamic DNS Update with GSS-TSIG Authentication” to use this method.
The second method, secret key transaction authentication for DNS (TSIG), uses an rndc.key for
authentication. It requires root access to the IdM server to edit the BIND configuration file, installing the
BIND utility on the Satellite Server’s base system, and coping the rndc.key to between the systems.
This technology is defined in RFC2845. See Section 4.5.2, “Configuring Dynamic DNS Update with
TSIG Authentication” to use this method.
NOTE
You are not required to use Satellite to manage DNS. If you are using the Realm
enrollment feature of Satellite, where provisioned hosts are enrolled automatically to IdM,
then the ipa-client-install script creates DNS records for the client. The following
procedure and Realm enrollment are therefore mutually exclusive. For more information
on configuring Realm enrollment, see External Authentication for Provisioned Hosts in
Administering Red Hat Satellite.
Determining where to install the IdM Client

When Satellite Server wants to add a DNS record for a host, it first determines which Capsule is
providing DNS for that domain. It then communicates with the Capsule and adds the record. The hosts
themselves are not involved in this process. This means you should install and configure the IdM client
on the Satellite or Capsule that is currently configured to provide a DNS service for the domain you want
to manage using the IdM server.
4.5.1. Configuring Dynamic DNS Update with GSS-TSIG Authentication

In this example, Satellite Server has the following settings.
Host name satellite.example.com
Network 192.168.55.0/24
The IdM server has the following settings.
Host name idm1.example.com
Domain name example.com
Before you Begin.
51
1. Confirm the IdM server is deployed and the host-based firewall has been configured correctly.
For more information, see Port Requirements in the Linux Domain Identity, Authentication, and
Policy Guide.
2. Obtain an account on the IdM server with permissions to create zones on the IdM server.
3. Confirm if the Satellite or an external Capsule is managing DNS for a domain.
4. Confirm that the Satellite or external Capsule are currently working as expected.
5. In the case of a newly installed system, complete the installation procedures in this guide first. In
particular, DNS and DHCP configuration should have been completed.
6. Make a backup of the answer file in case you have to revert the changes. See Specifying
Installation Options for more information.
Create a Kerberos Principal on the IdM Server.
1. Ensure you have a Kerberos ticket.
# kinit idm_user
Where idm_user is the account created for you by the IdM administrator.
2. Create a new Kerberos principal for the Satellite or Capsule to use to authenticate to the IdM
server.
# ipa service-add capsule/satellite.example.com
Install and Configure the IdM Client.

Do this on the Satellite or Capsule Server that is managing the DNS service for a domain.
1. Install the IdM client package.
# yum install ipa-client
2. Configure the IdM client by running the installation script and following the on-screen prompts.
# ipa-client-install
3. Ensure you have a Kerberos ticket.
# kinit admin
4. Remove any preexisting keytab.
# rm /etc/foreman-proxy/dns.keytab
5. Get the keytab created for this system.
# ipa-getkeytab -p capsule/satellite.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM \
-s idm1.example.com -k /etc/foreman-proxy/dns.keytab
52
NOTE
When adding a keytab to a standby system with the same host name as the
original system in service, add the r option to prevent generating new credentials
and rendering the credentials on the original system invalid.
6. Set the group and owner for the keytab file to foreman-proxy as follows.
# chown foreman-proxy:foreman-proxy /etc/foreman-proxy/dns.keytab
7. If required, check the keytab is valid.
# kinit -kt /etc/foreman-proxy/dns.keytab \

capsule/satellite.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
Configure DNS Zones in the IdM web UI.
1. Create and configure the zone to be managed:
a. Navigate to Network Services > DNS > DNS Zones.
b. Select Add and enter the zone name. In this example, example.com.
c. Click Add and Edit.
d. On the Settings tab, in the BIND update policy box, add an entry as follows to the semi-
colon separated list.
grant capsule\047satellite.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM wildcard *

ANY;
e. Ensure Dynamic update is set to True.
f. Enable Allow PTR sync.
g. Select Save to save the changes.
2. Create and Configure the reverse zone.
a. Navigate to Network Services > DNS > DNS Zones.
b. Select Add.
c. Select Reverse zone IP network and add the network address in CIDR format to enable
reverse lookups.
d. Click Add and Edit.
e. On the Settings tab, in the BIND update policy box, add an entry as follows to the semi-
colon separated list:
grant capsule\047satellite.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM wildcard *

ANY;
f. Ensure Dynamic update is set to True.
53
g. Select Save to save the changes.
Configure the Satellite or Capsule Server Managing the DNS Service for the Domain.
On a Satellite Server’s Base System.
satellite-installer --scenario satellite \

--foreman-proxy-dns=true \
--foreman-proxy-dns-managed=true \
--foreman-proxy-dns-provider=nsupdate_gss \
--foreman-proxy-dns-server="idm1.example.com" \
--foreman-proxy-dns-tsig-
principal="capsule/satellite.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM" \
--foreman-proxy-dns-tsig-keytab=/etc/foreman-proxy/dns.keytab \
--foreman-proxy-dns-reverse="55.168.192.in-addr.arpa" \
--foreman-proxy-dns-zone=example.com \
--foreman-proxy-dns-ttl=86400
On a Capsule Server’s Base System.
satellite-installer --scenario capsule \

--foreman-proxy-dns-provider=nsupdate_gss \
--foreman-proxy-dns-server="idm1.example.com" \
principal="capsule/satellite.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM" \
--foreman-proxy-dns-tsig-keytab=/etc/foreman-proxy/dns.keytab \
--foreman-proxy-dns-reverse="55.168.192.in-addr.arpa" \
--foreman-proxy-dns-zone=example.com \
Restart the Satellite or Capsule’s Proxy Service.
# systemctl restart foreman-proxy
Update the Configuration in Satellite web UI.

After you have run the installation script to make any changes to a Capsule, instruct Satellite to scan the
configuration on each affected Capsule as follows:
1. Navigate to Infrastructure > Capsules.
2. For each Capsule to be updated, from the Actions drop-down menu, select Refresh.
3. Configure the domain:
a. Go to Infrastructure > Domains and select the domain name.
b. On the Domain tab, ensure DNS Capsule is set to the Capsule where the subnet is
connected.
4. Configure the subnet:
a. Go to Infrastructure > Subnets and select the subnet name.
54
b. On the Subnet tab, set IPAM to None.
c. On the Domains tab, ensure the domain to be managed by the IdM server is selected.
d. On the Capsules tab, ensure Reverse DNS Capsule is set to the Capsule where the
subnet is connected.
e. Click Submit to save the changes.
4.5.2. Configuring Dynamic DNS Update with TSIG Authentication

In this example, Satellite Server has the following settings.
IP address 192.168.25.1
Host name satellite.example.com
The IdM server has the following settings.
Host name idm1.example.com
IP address 192.168.25.2
Domain name example.com
Before you Begin
1. Confirm the IdM Server is deployed and the host-based firewall has been configured correctly.
For more information, see Port Requirements in the Linux Domain Identity, Authentication, and
Policy Guide.
2. Obtain root user privileges on the IdM server.
3. Confirm if the Satellite or an external Capsule is managing DNS for a domain.
4. Confirm that the Satellite or external Capsule are currently working as expected.
5. In the case of a newly installed system, complete the installation procedures in this guide first. In
particular, DNS and DHCP configuration should have been completed.
6. Make a backup of the answer file in case you have to revert the changes. See Specifying
Installation Options for more information.
Enabling External Updates to the DNS Zone in the IdM Server
1. On the IdM Server, add the following to the top of the /etc/named.conf file.
// This was added to allow Satellite Server at 192.168.25.1 to make

DNS updates.
####################################################################
####
include "/etc/rndc.key";
55
controls {
inet 192.168.25.2 port 953 allow { 192.168.25.1; } keys { "rndc-
key"; };
};
####################################################################
####
2. Reload named to make the changes take effect.
# systemctl reload named
3. In the IdM web UI, go to Network Services > DNS > DNS Zones. Select the name of the zone.
On the Settings tab:
a. Add the following in the BIND update policy box.
grant "rndc-key" zonesub ANY;
b. Ensure Dynamic update is set to True.
c. Click Update to save the changes.
4. Copy the /etc/rndc.key file from the IdM server to Satellite’s base system as follows.
# scp /etc/rndc.key root@satellite.example.com:/etc/rndc.key
5. Ensure that the ownership, permissions, and SELinux context are correct.
# restorecon -v /etc/rndc.key
# chown -v root:named /etc/rndc.key
# chmod -v 640 /etc/rndc.key
6. On Satellite Server, run the installation script as follows to use the external DNS server.

--foreman-proxy-dns-managed=false \
--foreman-proxy-dns-provider=nsupdate \
--foreman-proxy-dns-server="192.168.25.2" \
--foreman-proxy-keyfile=/etc/rndc.key \
Testing External Updates to the DNS Zone in the IdM Server
1. Install bind-utils for testing with nsupdate.
# yum install bind-utils
2. Ensure the key in the /etc/rndc.key file on Satellite Server is the same one as used on the
IdM server.
key "rndc-key" {
algorithm hmac-md5;
56
secret "secret-key==";
};
3. On Satellite Server, create a test DNS entry for a host. For example, host test.example.com
with an A record of 192.168.25.20 on the IdM server at 192.168.25.1.
# echo -e "server 192.168.25.1\n \

update add test.example.com 3600 IN A 192.168.25.20\n \
4. On Satellite Server, test the DNS entry.
# nslookup test.example.com 192.168.25.1

Server: 192.168.25.1
Address: 192.168.25.1#53
Name: test.example.com
Address: 192.168.25.20
5. To view the entry in the IdM web UI, go to Network Services > DNS > DNS Zones. Select the
name of the zone and search for the host by name.
6. If resolved successfully, remove the test DNS entry.
# echo -e "server 192.168.25.1\n \

update delete test.example.com 3600 IN A 192.168.25.20\n \
7. Confirm that the DNS entry was removed.
# nslookup test.example.com 192.168.25.1
The above nslookup command fails and outputs the SERVFAIL error message if the record
was successfully deleted.
4.5.3. Reverting to Internal DNS Service

To revert to using Satellite Server and Capsule Server as DNS providers, follow this procedure.
On the Satellite or Capsule Server that is to manage DNS for the domain.
If you backed up the answer file before the change to external DNS, restore the answer file and
then run the installation script:
# satellite-installer
If you do not have a suitable backup of the answer file, back up the answer file now, and then run
the installation script on Satellite and Capsules as described below.
See Specifying Installation Options for more information on the answer file.
To configure Satellite or Capsule as DNS server without using an answer file.
# satellite-installer \
57
--foreman-proxy-dns-provider=nsupdate \
--foreman-proxy-dns-server="127.0.0.1" \
principal="foremanproxy/satellite.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM" \
--foreman-proxy-dns-tsig-keytab=/etc/foreman-proxy/dns.keytab
See Configuring DNS, DHCP, and TFTP on Capsule Server for more information.
Update the Configuration in Satellite web UI.

After you have run the installation script to make any changes to a Capsule, instruct Satellite to scan the
configuration on each affected Capsule as follows:
1. Navigate to Infrastructure > Capsules.
2. For each Capsule to be updated, from the Actions drop-down menu, select Refresh.
3. Configure the domain:
a. Go to Infrastructure > Domains and select the domain name.
b. On the Domain tab, ensure DNS Capsule is set to the Capsule where the subnet is
connected.
4. Configure the subnet:
a. Go to Infrastructure > Subnets and select the subnet name.
b. On the Subnet tab, set IPAM to DHCP or Internal DB.
c. On the Domains tab, ensure the domain to be managed by the Satellite or Capsule is
selected.
d. On the Capsules tab, ensure Reverse DNS Capsule is set to the Capsule where the
subnet is connected.
e. Click Submit to save the changes.
58
CHAPTER 5. UNINSTALLING SATELLITE SERVER
CHAPTER 5. UNINSTALLING SATELLITE SERVER

If you no longer need Satellite Server or Capsule Server, you can uninstall them.
Uninstalling Satellite Server erases all applications used on the target system. If you use any
applications or application data for purposes other than Satellite Server, you should back up the
information before the removal process.
Before you Begin

The katello-remove script issues two warnings, requiring confirmation before removing all packages
and configuration files in the system.

WARNING
This script erases many packages and config files, such as the following important
packages:
httpd (apache)
mongodb
tomcat6
puppet
ruby
rubygems
All Katello and Foreman Packages
Uninstall Satellite Server
1. Uninstall Satellite Server.
# katello-remove
59
CHAPTER 6. RUNNING RED HAT SATELLITE ON AMAZON

WEB SERVICES
Use this guide to ensure that you make all the necessary preparations for installing Red Hat Satellite
Server and Capsules in Amazon Web Services (AWS) Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2).
Use the Deployment Scenarios section to understand the different architecture setups that are available
for Satellite and Capsule installation on AWS.
Use the Prerequisites section to prepare your Red Hat and Amazon Web resources for the Red Hat
Satellite installation.
Subscriptions
Not all subscriptions are eligible to run in public cloud environments. For more information about
subscription eligibility, see the Cloud Access Page. You can create additional organizations and then
import additional manifests to the organizations. For more information, see Creating an Organization in
the Content Management Guide.
6.1. USE CASE CONSIDERATIONS

Because Amazon Web Services is an image-only service, there are common Satellite use cases that do
not work, or require extra configuration in an Amazon Web Service environment. If you plan to use
Satellite on AWS, ensure that the use case scenarios that you want to use are available in an AWS
environment.
6.1.1. Use Cases Known to Work

You can perform the following Red Hat Satellite use cases on AWS:
Subscription Management
Content Management
Errata Management
Configuring Hosts
Red Hat Insights
Provisioning Containers
Realm Integration via IdM
OpenSCAP
Remote Execution
Multi-homed Satellite and Capsule

If you want Satellite to use multiple interfaces with distinct host names, you must perform additional
configuration of the Satellite Server and Satellite Capsule Server CA certificates. If you want to deploy
Satellite in this configuration, contact Red Hat.
60
CHAPTER 6. RUNNING RED HAT SATELLITE ON AMAZON WEB SERVICES
You must do this when Satellite Server or Capsule Server has different internal and external DNS host
names and there is no site-to-site VPN connection between the locations where you deploy Satellite
Server and Capsule Server.
On demand content sources

You can use the On demand download policy to reduce the storage footprint of the Red Hat Enterprise
Linux server that runs Satellite. When you set the download policy to On Demand, content syncs to the
Satellite Server or Capsule Server when a content host requests it.
For more information, see Importing Red Hat Content in the Content Management Guide.
6.1.2. Use Cases that Do Not Work

In AWS, you cannot manage the DHCP. Because of this, most of Satellite Server’s kickstart and PXE
provisioning models are unusable. This includes:
PXE Provisioning
Discovery and Discovery Rules
ISO Provisioning methods.
PXE-Less Discovery (iPXE)
Per-host ISO
Generic ISO
Full-host ISO
6.2. DEPLOYMENT SCENARIOS

There are three deployment scenarios for Red Hat Satellite in Amazon Web Services:
1. One region setup
2. Connecting on-premise and AWS region
3. Connecting different regions
Scenario 1: One region setup
61
The least complex configuration of Satellite Server in Amazon Web Services consists of both the Satellite
Server and the content hosts residing within the same region and within the Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).
You can also use a different availability zone.
Scenario 2: Connecting on-premise and AWS region

Create a VPN connection between the on-premise location and the AWS region where the Capsule
resides.
It is also possible to use the external host name of Satellite Server when you register the instance which
runs Capsule Server.
Option 1: Site-to-Site VPN connection between the AWS region and the On-Premise Datacenter
Option 2: Direct connection using the External DNS host name
62
Scenario 3: Connecting different regions

Create a site-to-site VPN connection between the different regions so that you can use the Internal DNS
host name when you register the instance that runs Capsule Server to the Satellite Server.
If you do not establish a site-to-site VPN connection, use the external DNS host name when you register
the instance that runs Capsule Server to the Satellite Server.
NOTE
Most Public Cloud Providers do not charge for data being transferred into a region, or
between availability zones within a single region; however, they do charge for data
leaving the region to the Internet.
Option 1: Site-to-Site VPN connection between AWS regions
63
Option 2: Direct connection using the External DNS host name
6.3. PREREQUISITES
Before you can install and register Red Hat Satellite and Capsule, you must set up accounts with
Amazon Web Services (AWS) and create and start Red Hat Enterprise Linux instances on AWS.
6.3.1. Amazon Web Service Assumptions

To use this guide, you must have a working knowledge of the following aspects of Amazon Web
Services:
64
Creating and accessing Red Hat Enterprise Linux images in AWS
Editing network access in AWS Security
Creating EC2 instances and how to create EBS volumes
Launching instances
Importing and exporting virtual machines in AWS.
Using AWS Direct Connect
To install Satellite and Capsule in an AWS environment, you must ensure that your AWS set up meets
the Section 1.1, “System Requirements” for Satellite and Capsule.
For more information about Amazon Web Services and terminology, see Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
Documentation.
For more information about Amazon Web Services Direct Connect, see What is AWS Direct Connect?
6.3.2. Red Hat Cloud prerequisites

To use this guide, you must complete the following steps:
Register with Red Hat Cloud Access.
Migrate any Red Hat subscriptions that you want to use.
Create an AWS instance and deploy a Red Hat Enterprise Linux virtual machine to the instance.
Ensure that your subscriptions are eligible for transfer to Red Hat Cloud. For more information,
see Red Hat Cloud Access Program Details.
For more information about deploying Red Hat Enterprise Linux in AWS, see How to Locate Red Hat
Cloud Access Gold Images on AWS EC2.
6.3.3. Red Hat Satellite-specific prerequisites

Ensure that the Amazon EC2 instance type meets or exceeds the system and storage
requirements in Chapter 1, Preparing your environment for installation. For the best
performance, use an AWS Storage Optimized instance.
Use Chapter 1, Preparing your environment for installation to understand and assign the correct
storage to your AWS EBS volumes.
Store the synced content on an EBS volume that is separate to the boot volume.
Mount the synced content EBS volume separately in the operating system.
Optional: store other data, for example, the mongodb directory on a separate EBS volume.
If you want the Satellite Server and Capsule Server to communicate using external DNS
hostnames, open the required ports for communication in the AWS Security Group that is
associated with the instance.
6.3.4. Preparing for the Red Hat Satellite Installation
65
In your AWS environment, complete the following steps:
1. Launch an EC2 instance of a Red Hat Enterprise Linux AMI
2. Connect to the newly created instance.
If you use a Red Hat Gold Image, remove the RHUI client and set the enabled parameter in the
product-id.conf to 1.
# yum -y remove rh-amazon-rhui-client*

# yum clean all
# cat << EOF > /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/product-id.conf
> [main]
> enabled=1
> EOF
6.4. INSTALLING SATELLITE SERVER ON AWS

On your AWS environment, complete the following steps:
1. Connect to the new instance.
2. Use Installing Satellite Server to install Satellite Server.
6.5. INSTALLING CAPSULE ON AWS

On your AWS environment, complete the following steps:
1. Connect to the new instance.
2. Install Capsule Server. For more information, see Installing Capsule Server.
6.6. REGISTERING HOSTS TO SATELLITE USING THE BOOTSTRAP

SCRIPT
When you install Satellite Server and Capsule Server, you must then register the content hosts on EC2
instances to Satellite with the bootstrap script.
For more information about using the bootstrap script, see Registering Hosts to Satellite Using The
Bootstrap Script in the User Guide.
Install the Katello Agent. For more information, see Installing the katello Agent.
66
APPENDIX A. LARGE DEPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS

Increasing the Maximum Number of File Descriptors for Apache
With more than 800 content hosts registered, Apache can reach several system-level limits, resulting in
new content host registration failure. To avoid this, file descriptor limits must be increased before
deploying a large number of content hosts.
1. Create the /etc/systemd/system/httpd.service.d/limits.conf file and insert the

following text:
[Service]
LimitNOFILE=65536
2. Apply the changes to the unit.
# systemctl daemon-reload
3. Restart Satellite services.
# foreman-maintain service restart
Increasing the Maximum Number of File Descriptors for qpid

With more than 1100 content hosts with goferd running for errata updates, the qpid reach system-level
limits, resulting in registration failures. To avoid this, file descriptors limits must be increased before
deploying a large number of content hosts.
Increasing the Maximum Number of File Descriptors for qpid
1. Create the /etc/systemd/system/qpidd.service.d/limits.conf file and insert the

following text:
[Service]
LimitNOFILE=65536
2. Apply the changes to the unit.
# systemctl restart qpidd.service
Increasing the Shared Buffer and Work Memory

You can increase the shared_buffer and work_mem to 256M and 4M respectively.
1. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, create the /var/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf file

and insert the following text:
work_mem = 4MB
shared_buffers = 256MB
2. Restart postgresql services.
67
Increasing Concurrent Content Host Registrations

To avoid reaching system-level limits, you can increase the global passenger queue limit to
accommodate up to 250 concurrent content hosts. For more information, see Passenger Configuration in
the Tuning Red Hat Satellite. Follow these steps to increase the global passenger queue limit.
1. Adjust the maximum passenger pool size to 1.5 times the physical CPU cores available to the
Satellite Server.
For example, if you have a Satellite Server with 16 cores, then the maximum passenger pool
size is 24. This number is referenced as an example and you should use the number applicable
to your environment.
2. Edit the /etc/httpd/conf.d/passenger.conf file, updating the IfModule stanza to match

the following text:
<IfModule mod_passenger.c>
PassengerRoot /usr/share/gems/gems/passenger-
4.0.18/lib/phusion_passenger/locations.ini
PassengerRuby /usr/bin/ruby
PassengerMaxPoolSize 24
PassengerMaxRequestQueueSize 200
PassengerStatThrottleRate 120
</IfModule>
3. Edit the Foreman Passenger application configuration file /etc/httpd/conf.d/05-

foreman-ssl.conf, updating the stanza starting with PassengerAppRoot to match the
following text:
PassengerAppRoot /usr/share/foreman
PassengerRuby /usr/bin/tfm-ruby
PassengerMinInstances 6
PassengerStartTimeout 90
PassengerMaxPreloaderIdleTime 0
PassengerMaxRequests 10000
PassengerPreStart https://example.com
4. Edit the Puppet Passenger application configuration file /etc/httpd/conf.d/25-

puppet.conf, adding the following text to the end of the virtual host definition:
PassengerMinInstances 6
PassengerStartTimeout 90
PassengerMaxPreloaderIdleTime 0
PassengerMaxRequests 10000
PassengerPreStart https://example.com:8140
5. Change the maximum connections in the /var/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf file.
max_connections = 500
6. Restart postgresql services.
68
Increasing the maximum number of open files for qdrouterd

With more than 1000 content hosts registered, qdrouterd can reach the default maximum number of
open files. To avoid this, increase the maximum number of open files on the Satellite Server and all
external Capsule Servers.
1. Calculate the required maximum number of open files, using the following equation.
(3 x number of content hosts) + 100
For example, with 1020 content hosts, the new maximum should be set to 3160 ((3 x 1020) +
100).
2. Create the file /etc/systemd/system/qdrouterd.service.d/limits.conf and add the

following text.
[Service]
LimitNOFILE=maximum_number_of_files
a. Apply the changes to the unit.
b. Restart Satellite services.
# foreman-maintain service restart
Reducing delays in host registration

Communication between Satellite and each registered host is secured by use of certificates. When a
host is registered, Satellite creates two certificates, an identity certificate and a Puppet certificate. The
algorithm used to create each certificate requires random data from the Red Hat Enterprise Linux kernel.
If not enough entropy is available when a host is registered, there is a delay until a suitable level of
entropy is available. In very large environments, with more than 10,000 hosts, the rate of host registration
is likely to be slowed by the lack of entropy. Several methods can be used to improve the availability of
entropy to the Linux kernel, and so reduce the risk to performance of Satellite.
By default, the Linux kernel uses the /dev/random device as the source of random numbers. This is a
blocking device, which means it stops supplying numbers when it determines that the amount of entropy
is insufficient for generating a properly random output. It is this wait time which causes the delay in
registering hosts. To resolve this issue, use the /dev/urandom device, as this is a non-blocking device.
Some hardware servers have processors which include hardware random number generators. For those
that are supported by the Red Hat Enterprise Linux kernel, you can use that as the source of random
numbers. For more information, see the hardware vendor’s documentation.
If Satellite is hosted on a virtual machine, note that some hypervisors make the hardware server’s
random number generator available to the virtual machines it hosts. Red Hat Virtualization features the
virtio RNG (Random Number Generator) device that provides KVM virtual machines access to entropy
from the Red Hat Virtualization Host. On guests running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0, you must install
and configure rngd. On guests running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.1 and later, the guest kernel fetches
entropy from the host as required. If a host’s random number generator is shared by guests, use of a
hardware random number generator is recommended.
69
For more information about random number generators for guests, see Random Number Generator
Device in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Virtualization Deployment and Administration Guide. For other
hypervisors, see the vendor’s documentation.
For more information about the random number generator daemon, rngd, see Using the Random
Number Generator in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Security Guide.
70
APPENDIX B. APPLYING CUSTOM CONFIGURATION TO RED HAT SATELLITE
APPENDIX B. APPLYING CUSTOM CONFIGURATION TO RED

HAT SATELLITE
When you install and configure Satellite for the first time using satellite-installer, you can
specify that the DNS and DHCP configuration files are not to be managed by Puppet using the installer
flags --foreman-proxy-dns-managed=false and --foreman-proxy-dhcp-managed=false. If
these flags are not specified during the initial installer run, rerunning of the installer overwrites all manual
changes, for example, rerun for upgrade purposes. If changes are overwritten, you must run the restore
procedure to restore the manual changes. For more information, see How to Restore Manual Changes
Overwritten by a Puppet Run in Installing Satellite Server from a Connected Network.
To view all installer flags available for custom configuration, run satellite-installer --scenario
satellite --full-help. Some Puppet classes are not exposed to the Satellite installer. To manage
them manually and prevent the installer from overwriting their values, specify the configuration values by
adding entries to configuration file /etc/foreman-installer/custom-hiera.yaml. This
configuration file is in YAML format, consisting of one entry per line in the format of <puppet class>::
<parameter name>: <value>. Configuration values specified in this file persist across installer
reruns.
Common examples include:
For Apache, to set the ServerTokens directive to only return the Product name:
apache::server_tokens: Prod
To turn off the Apache server signature entirely:
apache::server_signature: Off
For Pulp, to configure the number of pulp workers:
pulp::num_workers: 8
The Puppet modules for the Satellite installer are stored under /usr/share/foreman-
installer/modules and /usr/share/katello-installer-base/modules. Check the .pp files
(for example: moduleName/manifests/example.pp) to look up the classes, parameters, and values.
Alternatively, use the grep command to do keyword searches.
Setting some values may have unintended consequences that affect the performance or functionality of
Red Hat Satellite. Consider the impact of the changes before you apply them, and test the changes in a
non-production environment first. If you do not have a non-production Satellite environment, run the
Satellite installer with the --noop and --verbose options. If your changes cause problems, remove the
offending lines from custom-hiera.yaml and rerun the Satellite installer. If you have any specific
questions about whether a particular value is safe to alter, contact Red Hat support.
B.1. HOW TO RESTORE MANUAL CHANGES OVERWRITTEN BY A

PUPPET RUN
If your manual configuration has been overwritten by a Puppet run, you can restore the files to the
previous state. The following example shows you how to restore a DHCP configuration file overwritten
by a Puppet run.
71
1. Copy the file you intend to restore. This allows you to compare the files to check for any
mandatory changes required by the upgrade. This is not common for DNS or DHCP services.
# cp /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.backup
2. Check the log files to note down the md5sum of the overwritten file. For example:
# journalctl -xe
...
/Stage[main]/Dhcp/File[/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf]: Filebucketed
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf to puppet with sum
622d9820b8e764ab124367c68f5fa3a1
...
3. Restore the overwritten file:
# puppet filebucket restore --local --bucket \

/var/lib/puppet/clientbucket /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf \
622d9820b8e764ab124367c68f5fa3a1
4. Compare the backup file and the restored file, and edit the restored file to include any mandatory
changes required by the upgrade.
72

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Red Hat Satellite 6.

Installing Satellite Server from a Connected

Installing Red Hat Satellite Server from a Connected Network

Last Updated: 2019-02-25

Red Hat Satellite Documentation Team

Java ® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

CHAPTER 1. PREPARING YOUR ENVIRONMENT FOR

1.1. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

The latest version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server

4-core 2.0 GHz CPU at a minimum

A minimum of 20 GB memory is required for the Satellite Server to function. In addition, a

A current Red Hat Satellite subscription

Administrative user (root) access

A system umask of 0022

Self-registered Satellites are not supported.

1.2. STORAGE REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES

1.2.1. Storage Requirements

Table 1.1. Storage Requirements for a Connected Satellite Server Installation

Directory Installation Size Runtime Size

/var/lib/qpidd/ 25 MB Not Applicable

/usr 3 GB Not Applicable

/opt 500 MB Not Applicable

/opt/puppetlabs 180 MB Not Applicable

Table 1.2. Storage Requirements for Capsule Server Installation

Directory Installation Size Runtime Size

Directory Installation Size Runtime Size

1.2.2. Storage Guidelines

For the /var/lib/pulp/ and /var/lib/mongodb/ directories, use high-bandwidth, low-

File System Guidelines

SELinux Considerations for NFS Mount

nfs.example.com:/nfsshare /var/lib/pulp/content nfs

# chcon -R system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_rw_content_t:s0 /var/lib/pulp

1.3. SUPPORTED OPERATING SYSTEMS

Java virtual machines

Puppet RPM files

1.4. SUPPORTED BROWSERS

Firefox versions 39 and later

Chrome versions 28 and later

Internet Explorer versions 10 and 11

1.5. PORTS AND FIREWALLS REQUIREMENTS

Required ports can change based on your configuration.

Table 1.3. Ports for Satellite to Red Hat CDN Communication

Port Protocol Service Required For

443 TCP HTTPS Subscription Management Services

Table 1.4. Ports for Browser-based User Interface Access to Satellite

Port Protocol Service Required For

443 TCP HTTPS Browser-based UI access to Satellite

80 TCP HTTP Redirection to HTTPS for web UI

Table 1.5. Ports for Client to Satellite Communication

Port Protocol Service Required For

80 TCP HTTP Anaconda, yum, for obtaining Katello

443 TCP HTTPS Subscription Management Services,

5647 TCP amqp Katello Agent to communicate with

8000 TCP HTTPS Anaconda to download kickstart

8140 TCP HTTPS Puppet agent to Puppet master

9090 TCP HTTPS Sending SCAP reports to the Smart

5000 TCP HTTPS Connection to Katello for the Docker

53 TCP and UDP DNS Client DNS queries to a Satellite’s